1
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Palomba G, Fernicola A, Corte MD, Capuano M, De Palma GD, Aprea G. Artificial intelligence in screening and diagnosis of surgical diseases: A narrative review. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:557-576. [PMID: 39027395 PMCID: PMC11252578 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasing role in several fields of medicine. It is also gaining popularity among surgeons as a valuable screening and diagnostic tool for many conditions such as benign and malignant colorectal, gastric, thyroid, parathyroid, and breast disorders. In the literature, there is no review that groups together the various application domains of AI when it comes to the screening and diagnosis of main surgical diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the use of AI in these settings. We performed a literature review by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase for all studies investigating the role of AI in the surgical setting, published between January 01, 2000, and June 30, 2023. Our focus was on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and observational studies, dealing with large cohorts of patients. We then gathered further relevant studies from the reference list of the selected publications. Based on the studies reviewed, it emerges that AI could strongly enhance the screening efficiency, clinical ability, and diagnostic accuracy for several surgical conditions. Some of the future advantages of this technology include implementing, speeding up, and improving the automaticity with which AI recognizes, differentiates, and classifies the various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Palomba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Agostino Fernicola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Della Corte
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona - OO. RR. Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marianna Capuano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Domenico De Palma
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aprea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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2
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Jelski W, Mroczko B. Potential Diagnostic Utility of microRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:863-871. [PMID: 37636029 PMCID: PMC10460163 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s421928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of gastrointestinal cancers is beneficial for patient survival and prognosis. MiRNAs have been shown to be potential cancer biomarkers that can be used to diagnose cancers. MiRNAs are single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of different oncogenes. Cancer tissues contain miRNAs that play a special role in the etiology of cancer development or limiting cancer suppression. Dysregulation of miRNAs occurs in a variety of malignancies, including gastrointestinal cancers. MiRNAs are stable and protected against degradation by RNase, which enables their detection in tissues and biological fluids. The results of many studies suggest that miRNAs have a relatively higher diagnostic efficiency in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy people. The researchers have identified many miRNA signature in the blood for the detection of gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on the role and potential utility of miRNAs in the early detection, prognosis and evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Volovat SR, Augustin I, Zob D, Boboc D, Amurariti F, Volovat C, Stefanescu C, Stolniceanu CR, Ciocoiu M, Dumitras EA, Danciu M, Apostol DGC, Drug V, Shurbaji SA, Coca LG, Leon F, Iftene A, Herghelegiu PC. Use of Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and the Impact of AI. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194834. [PMID: 36230757 PMCID: PMC9562853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is correlated with genetic and epigenetic alterations in the colonic epithelium. Genetic changes play a major role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer through the development of gene mutations, but recent research has shown an important role for epigenetic alterations. In this review, we try to describe the current knowledge about epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators and the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal disease that can allow increases in the effectiveness of treatments. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota’s composition can be an important biomarker for the response to strategies based on the immunotherapy of CRC. The identification of biomarkers in mCRC can be enhanced by developing artificial intelligence programs. We present the actual models that implement AI technology as a bridge connecting ncRNAs with tumors and conducted some experiments to improve the quality of the model used as well as the speed of the model that provides answers to users. In order to carry out this task, we implemented six algorithms: the naive Bayes classifier, the random forest classifier, the decision tree classifier, gradient boosted trees, logistic regression and SVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iolanda Augustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI.Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Zob
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI.Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Amurariti
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Euroclinic” Center of Oncology, 2 Vasile Conta Str., 700106 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eduard Alexandru Dumitras
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Pathology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Drug
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘St. Spiridon’ Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sinziana Al Shurbaji
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘St. Spiridon’ Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucia-Georgiana Coca
- Faculty of Computer Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Leon
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftene
- Faculty of Computer Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul-Corneliu Herghelegiu
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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4
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Wen Y, Kong Y, Cao G, Xu Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xiao P, Wang Y. Di-n-butyl phthalate regulates vascular smooth muscle cells phenotypic switching by MiR-139-5p-MYOCD pathways. Toxicology 2022; 477:153279. [PMID: 35926758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is ubiquitous in environment and has been detected in almost all human bodies. Few data could be found about the effects of DBP on cardiovascular system, though its reproductive toxicities have been studied extensively. This study aimed to explore effects of DBP on phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), an essential step during the formation of atherosclerosis (AS). A7r5 cells were employed and exposed to various levels of DBP (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, and 10-5 M) or DMSO as control. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of DBP on cell viability. Expressions of mRNA/miRNAs and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to analyze the combination between miR-139-5p and Myocardin (MYOCD). Results revealed that DBP at 10-7 M prompted phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic of VSMCs by inhibiting contractile VSMCs marker genes via suppressing the expression of MYOCD. Moreover, miR-139c-5p directly targeted MYOCD 3'UTR and modulated MYOCD expression. Besides, DBP inhibited the expression of MYOCD and VSMCs marker genes by upregulating miR-139-5p. Collectively, these data suggested that DBP could promote the phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic of VSMCs in A7r5 cells through miR-139-5p-MYOCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofa Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yubang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Oryani MA, Tavasoli A, Ghalavand MA, Ashtiani RZ, Rezaee A, Mahmoudi R, Golvari H, Owrangi S, Soleymani-Goloujeh M. Epigenetics and its therapeutic potential in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:683-697. [PMID: 35473313 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death around the globe. 'Epigenetics' refers to changes in the chromosome rather than the DNA sequence, which may be transmitted down to daughter cells. Epigenetics is an essential part of controlling the development and variation of a single cell. ncRNAs have a role in epigenetic regulation in CRC, which will be discussed in this review in the context of DNA methylation and histone modifications. A greater survival rate for CRC patients might be achieved by addressing epigenetic mediators, as the authors show. In this review, they aim to thoroughly examine the role of epigenetics in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Tavasoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alisam Rezaee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences & Technologies, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Golvari
- School of Nursing & Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soroor Owrangi
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soleymani-Goloujeh
- Department of Stem Cells & Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Ginghina O, Hudita A, Zamfir M, Spanu A, Mardare M, Bondoc I, Buburuzan L, Georgescu SE, Costache M, Negrei C, Nitipir C, Galateanu B. Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient's Stratification. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856575. [PMID: 35356214 PMCID: PMC8959149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and a major worldwide public health concern. Despite the global efforts in the development of modern therapeutic strategies, CRC prognosis is strongly correlated with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early detection of CRC has a huge impact in decreasing mortality while pre-lesion detection significantly reduces the incidence of the pathology. Even though the management of CRC patients is based on robust diagnostic methods such as serum tumor markers analysis, colonoscopy, histopathological analysis of tumor tissue, and imaging methods (computer tomography or magnetic resonance), these strategies still have many limitations and do not fully satisfy clinical needs due to their lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Therefore, improvements of the current practice would substantially impact the management of CRC patients. In this view, liquid biopsy is a promising approach that could help clinicians screen for disease, stratify patients to the best treatment, and monitor treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor in a regular and minimally invasive manner. Liquid biopsies allow the detection and analysis of different tumor-derived circulating markers such as cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the bloodstream. The major advantage of this approach is its ability to trace and monitor the molecular profile of the patient's tumor and to predict personalized treatment in real-time. On the other hand, the prospective use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine holds great promise in oncology, for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of disease. AI has two main branches in the medical field: (i) a virtual branch that includes medical imaging, clinical assisted diagnosis, and treatment, as well as drug research, and (ii) a physical branch that includes surgical robots. This review summarizes findings relevant to liquid biopsy and AI in CRC for better management and stratification of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octav Ginghina
- Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Zamfir
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Spanu
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Mardare
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Bondoc
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sergiu Emil Georgescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornelia Nitipir
- Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Advancements in Oncology with Artificial Intelligence—A Review Article. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051349. [PMID: 35267657 PMCID: PMC8909088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the advancement of artificial intelligence, including machine learning, the field of oncology has seen promising results in cancer detection and classification, epigenetics, drug discovery, and prognostication. In this review, we describe what artificial intelligence is and its function, as well as comprehensively summarize its evolution and role in breast, colorectal, and central nervous system cancers. Understanding the origin and current accomplishments might be essential to improve the quality, accuracy, generalizability, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of artificial intelligence models that can be used in worldwide clinical practice. Students and researchers in the medical field will benefit from a deeper understanding of how to use integrative AI in oncology for innovation and research. Abstract Well-trained machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems can provide clinicians with therapeutic assistance, potentially increasing efficiency and improving efficacy. ML has demonstrated high accuracy in oncology-related diagnostic imaging, including screening mammography interpretation, colon polyp detection, glioma classification, and grading. By utilizing ML techniques, the manual steps of detecting and segmenting lesions are greatly reduced. ML-based tumor imaging analysis is independent of the experience level of evaluating physicians, and the results are expected to be more standardized and accurate. One of the biggest challenges is its generalizability worldwide. The current detection and screening methods for colon polyps and breast cancer have a vast amount of data, so they are ideal areas for studying the global standardization of artificial intelligence. Central nervous system cancers are rare and have poor prognoses based on current management standards. ML offers the prospect of unraveling undiscovered features from routinely acquired neuroimaging for improving treatment planning, prognostication, monitoring, and response assessment of CNS tumors such as gliomas. By studying AI in such rare cancer types, standard management methods may be improved by augmenting personalized/precision medicine. This review aims to provide clinicians and medical researchers with a basic understanding of how ML works and its role in oncology, especially in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and primary and metastatic brain cancer. Understanding AI basics, current achievements, and future challenges are crucial in advancing the use of AI in oncology.
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8
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Grillo TG, Quaglio AEV, Beraldo RF, Lima TB, Baima JP, Di Stasi LC, Sassaki LY. MicroRNA expression in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:995-1016. [PMID: 34616508 PMCID: PMC8465441 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i9.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules composed of 19–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression and play a central role in the regulation of several immune-mediated disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD, represented by ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the most prevalent tumors in the world, and its main risk factors are obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcoholism, advanced age, and some eating habits, in addition to chronic intestinal inflammatory processes and the use of immunosuppressants administered to IBD patients. Recent studies have identified miRNAs associated with an increased risk of developing CRC in this population. The identification of miRNAs involved in this tumorigenic process could be useful to stratify cancer risk development for patients with IBD and to monitor and assess prognosis. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of IBD-associated CRC. In the future, therapies based on miRNA modulation could be used both in clinical practice to achieve remission of the disease and restore the quality of life for patients with IBD, and to identify the patients with IBD at high risk for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Gagno Grillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fedatto Beraldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talles Bazeia Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Pinheiro Baima
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Yukie Sassaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Cao B, Zhang KC, Wei B, Chen L. Status quo and future prospects of artificial neural network from the perspective of gastroenterologists. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2681-2709. [PMID: 34135549 PMCID: PMC8173384 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i21.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the primary types of artificial intelligence and have been rapidly developed and used in many fields. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in research concerning ANNs in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. This state-of-the-art technique exhibits excellent performance in diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and treatment. Competitions between ANNs and GI experts suggest that efficiency and accuracy might be compatible in virtue of technique advancements. However, the shortcomings of ANNs are not negligible and may induce alterations in many aspects of medical practice. In this review, we introduce basic knowledge about ANNs and summarize the current achievements of ANNs in GI diseases from the perspective of gastroenterologists. Existing limitations and future directions are also proposed to optimize ANN’s clinical potential. In consideration of barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge, sophisticated concepts are discussed using plain words and metaphors to make this review more easily understood by medical practitioners and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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10
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Ruiz-Bañobre J, Roy R, Alustiza Fernández M, Murcia Ó, Jover R, Pera M, Balaguer F, López-López R, Goel A. Clinical significance of a microRNA signature for the identification and predicting prognosis in colorectal cancers with mucinous differentiation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1498-1506. [PMID: 32911537 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the fact that the mere presence of mucinous differentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC), rather than its proportion, is a more accurate representative of a particular CRC subtype with distinct clinical and molecular features. In addition, the prognostic significance of the mucinous carcinoma (MC) subtype remains poorly understood and biomarkers have been barely explored in this disease. Herein, we have performed a systematic and comprehensive analysis in MCs and non-MCs and identified a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed between these two subtypes of CRC. Next, we interrogated their clinical significance and demonstrated their robust diagnostic and prognostic clinical ability in CRCs with mucinous differentiation. Finally, we established an integrative risk-assessment model by combining the miRNA-based risk scores together with TNM staging, which was a superior predictor of prognosis in mucinous CRC patients. Collectively, we report a novel miRNA biomarker panel for the identification and predicting survival in CRC patients with mucinous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roshni Roy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Miren Alustiza Fernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Óscar Murcia
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Digestive Medicine Department, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Digestive Medicine Department, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Pera
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
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11
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Mitsala A, Tsalikidis C, Pitiakoudis M, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK. Artificial Intelligence in Colorectal Cancer Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment. A New Era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1581-1607. [PMID: 33922402 PMCID: PMC8161764 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has permeated the medical field with great success. The widespread use of AI technology in diagnosing and treating several types of cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), is now attracting substantial attention. CRC, which represents the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy in both men and women, is considered a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Our review herein aims to provide in-depth knowledge and analysis of the AI applications in CRC screening, diagnosis, and treatment based on current literature. We also explore the role of recent advances in AI systems regarding medical diagnosis and therapy, with several promising results. CRC is a highly preventable disease, and AI-assisted techniques in routine screening represent a pivotal step in declining incidence rates of this malignancy. So far, computer-aided detection and characterization systems have been developed to increase the detection rate of adenomas. Furthermore, CRC treatment enters a new era with robotic surgery and novel computer-assisted drug delivery techniques. At the same time, healthcare is rapidly moving toward precision or personalized medicine. Machine learning models have the potential to contribute to individual-based cancer care and transform the future of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Mitsala
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6986423707
| | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Michail Pitiakoudis
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Constantinos Simopoulos
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexandra K. Tsaroucha
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery & Surgical Research, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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12
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Wang Y, Nie H, He X, Liao Z, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Ou C. The emerging role of super enhancer-derived noncoding RNAs in human cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:11049-11062. [PMID: 33042269 PMCID: PMC7532672 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of adjacent enhancers that drive the expression of genes which regulate cellular identity; SE regions can be enriched with a high density of transcription factors, co-factors, and enhancer-associated epigenetic modifications. Through enhanced activation of their target genes, SEs play an important role in various diseases and conditions, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that SEs not only activate the transcriptional expression of coding genes to directly regulate biological functions, but also drive the transcriptional expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to indirectly regulate biological functions. SE-derived ncRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, including malignant proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and inflammatory response. Moreover, the abnormal expression of SE-derived ncRNAs is closely related to the clinical and pathological characterization of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and roles of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and discuss their prospective applications in tumor therapy. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the action of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis may provide new strategies for the early diagnosis of tumors and targeted therapy.
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13
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Du F, Cao T, Xie H, Li T, Sun L, Liu H, Guo H, Wang X, Liu Q, Kim T, Franklin JL, Graves-Deal R, Han W, Tian Z, Ge M, Nie Y, Fan D, Coffey RJ, Lu Y, Zhao X. KRAS Mutation-Responsive miR-139-5p inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression and is repressed by Wnt Signaling. Theranostics 2020; 10:7335-7350. [PMID: 32641995 PMCID: PMC7330859 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently harbors KRAS mutations that result in chemoresistance and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are usually dysregulated and play important regulatory roles in tumor progression. However, the KRAS mutation-responsive miRNA profile in CRC remains uninvestigated. Methods: miR-139-5p was identified and evaluated by small RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The roles of miR-139-5p in CRC cells with and without KRAS mutation were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays in vitro and by tumorigenesis and metastasis assays in vivo. Microarrays followed by bioinformatic analyses, luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting were applied for mechanistic studies. Results: miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in KRAS-mutated CRC cells and tissues compared with their wild-type counterparts. Low miR-139-5p expression was associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis in CRC patients. miR-139-5p overexpression inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, sensitized tumors to chemotherapy, and impaired tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Transcriptomic profiling identified multiple modulators in the Ras (JUN and FOS) and Wnt (CTNNB1 and DVL1) signaling pathways and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process (ZEB1) as direct targets of miR-139-5p, and inverse correlations were confirmed in CRC clinical tissues. Aberrantly activated Wnt signaling in KRAS-mutant cells was demonstrated to transcriptionally repress miR-139-5p through TCF4, forming a miR-139-5p/Wnt signaling double-negative feedback loop. Conclusions: We identified miR-139-5p as a KRAS-responsive miRNA and demonstrated its involvement in CRC progression. KRAS mutation disrupted the miR-139-5p/Wnt signaling reciprocal negative feedback mechanism, which might cause miR-139-5p downregulation and derepression of oncogenic signaling pathways and EMT. These results reveal a transcriptional regulatory mode of KRAS-driven malignant transformation and highlight miR-139-5p as a novel regulator of crosstalk between the Ras and Wnt signaling pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Hospital of the People's Liberation Army 63650 Corps, Malan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 841700, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Huahong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Taewan Kim
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Weili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zuhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Minghui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
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14
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Khalili N, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Halimi M, Rezaee H, Baradaran B. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of miR-139-5p in cancers. Life Sci 2020; 256:117865. [PMID: 32502540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs that have regulatory functions in post-transcriptional gene expression. These molecules play a fundamental role in cellular processes, for instance cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Scientific investigations have previously established that miRNAs can either promote or suppress tumor development by mediating different signaling pathways. miR-139-5p, located on chromosome 11q13.4, has been examined extensively in cancers. Studies have demonstrated that miR-139-5p might be an attractive cancer biomarker. Herein, we will review how miR-139-5p acts in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, as well as elucidating its major target genes and associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khalili
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Halimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haleh Rezaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Kubota N, Taniguchi F, Nyuya A, Umeda Y, Mori Y, Fujiwara T, Tanioka H, Tsuruta A, Yamaguchi Y, Nagasaka T. Upregulation of microRNA-31 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2685-2694. [PMID: 32218819 PMCID: PMC7068240 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) manifests after the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations along with tumor microenvironments. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) molecules have been revealed to serve in critical roles in the progression various types of cancer, and their expression level is often an important diagnostic, predictive or prognostic biomarker. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for patients with advanced CRC. miRNA arrays were performed on CRC specimens obtained from tumors with various molecular statuses [e.g. KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS)/B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)/microsatellite instability (MSI)], and their paired normal mucosal specimens. The miRNA array revealed that miR-31-5p (miR-31) was specifically upregulated in CRCs with the BRAF V600E mutation, the results of which were supported by subsequent analysis of a dataset retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which contained information regarding 170 patients with CRC including 51 BRAF-mutant CRCs. Of our cohort of 67 patients with stage IV CRC, 15 (22%) and 4 (6%) showed KRAS and BRAF V600E mutations, respectively. Since the median miR-31 expression was 3.45 (range, 0.004–6330.531), the cut-off value was chosen as 3.5, and all tumors were categorized into two groups accordingly (high-/low-miR-31 expression). The high miR-31 expression group (n=33) was significantly associated with a poorer mortality (univariate hazard ratio=2.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.95; P=0.03) and exhibited a shorter median survival time (MST; 20.1 months) compared with the low miR-31 expression group (n=34) (MST, 38.3 months; P=0.03), indicating that miR-31 is a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with advanced CRC. Thus, performing a functional analysis of miR-31 expression may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for the various genetic subtypes of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nyuya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yuzo Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuruta
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagasaka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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16
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Zhu M, Zhang W, Ma J, Dai Y, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Yang B, Li G. MicroRNA-139-5p regulates chronic inflammation by suppressing nuclear factor-κB activity to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4049-4057. [PMID: 31616518 PMCID: PMC6781828 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory microenvironment, which mediates the initiation and malignant development of tumors, has been reported to be associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. In the present study, the expression of miR-139-5p was analyzed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines SW480, HT29, HCT-8, LoVo and HCT116, aiming to investigate the function and mechanism of miR-139-5p in the regulation of the malignant phenotypes of CRC. miR-139-5p expression was found to be considerably downregulated in CRC cell lines compared with the human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell line NCM460. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-139-5p in colon cancer cell lines significantly suppressed the cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, overexpression of miR-139-5p further inhibited the invasion ability of colon cancer cells in vitro, concomitantly with downregulation of key invasion-associated proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP7. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-139-5p decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), by suppressing nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. Therefore, these findings collectively indicated that miR-139-5p regulated chronic inflammation by suppressing NF-κB activity in order to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion in CRC, thereby indicating a novel molecular mechanism in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Youguo Dai
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Burong Yang
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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Vymetalkova V, Vodicka P, Vodenkova S, Alonso S, Schneider-Stock R. DNA methylation and chromatin modifiers in colorectal cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:73-92. [PMID: 31028771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic alterations over time that ultimately leads to disease progression and metastasis. Binding of transcription factors to gene promoter regions alone cannot explain the complex regulation pattern of gene expression during this process. It is the chromatin structure that allows for a high grade of regulatory flexibility for gene expression. Posttranslational modifications on histone proteins such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation determine the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. DNA methylation, a chemical modification of DNA that modulates chromatin structure and gene transcription acts in concert with these chromatin conformation alterations. Another epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression is represented by small non-coding RNAs. Only very recently epigenetic alterations have been included in molecular subtype classification of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this chapter, we will provide examples of the different epigenetic players, focus on their role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic processes and discuss their prognostic value in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Vodenkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, (IGTP-PMPPC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Manzanarez-Ozuna E, Flores DL, Gutiérrez-López E, Cervantes D, Juárez P. Model based on GA and DNN for prediction of mRNA-Smad7 expression regulated by miRNAs in breast cancer. Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:24. [PMID: 30594253 PMCID: PMC6310970 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-018-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Smad7 protein is negative regulator of the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is upregulated in patients with breast cancer. miRNAs regulate proteins expressions by arresting or degrading the mRNAs. The purpose of this work is to identify a miRNAs profile that regulates the expression of the mRNA coding for Smad7 in breast cancer using the data from patients with breast cancer obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Project. Methods We develop an automatic search method based on genetic algorithms to find a predictive model based on deep neural networks (DNN) which fit the set of biological data and apply the Olden algorithm to identify the relative importance of each miRNAs. Results A computational model of non-linear regression is shown, based on deep neural networks that predict the regulation given by the miRNA target transcripts mRNA coding for Smad7 protein in patients with breast cancer, with R2 of 0.99 is shown and MSE of 0.00001. In addition, the model is validated with the results in vivo and in vitro experiments reported in the literature. The set of miRNAs hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-375, hsa-mir-205, hsa-mir-15a, hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-20a, hsa-mir-503, hsa-mir-29c, hsa-mir-497, hsa-mir-107, hsa-mir-125a, hsa-mir-200c, hsa-mir-212, hsa-mir-429, hsa-mir-34a, hsa-let-7c, hsa-mir-92b, hsa-mir-33a, hsa-mir-15b, hsa-mir-224, hsa-mir-185 and hsa-mir-10b integrate a profile that critically regulates the expression of the mRNA coding for Smad7 in breast cancer. Conclusions We developed a genetic algorithm to select best features as DNN inputs (miRNAs). The genetic algorithm also builds the best DNN architecture by optimizing the parameters. Although the confirmation of the results by laboratory experiments has not occurred, the results allow suggesting that miRNAs profile could be used as biomarkers or targets in targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12976-018-0095-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Manzanarez-Ozuna
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Dora-Luz Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.
| | - Everardo Gutiérrez-López
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - David Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Patricia Juárez
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
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19
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Yang X, Xu X, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wu Y, Wu Y, Zhao K, Xing C, Cao J, Zhu H, Li M, Ye Z, Peng W. miR-31 affects colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79617-79628. [PMID: 27793031 PMCID: PMC5346740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a double-edged sword in tumor development. Recent studies have found that miRNAs have an inhibitory effect on the regulation of autophagy. It has been reported that miR-31 plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. However, what role miR-31 plays in colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has not been determined. In this study, we confirmed that the expression of miR-31 in CAFs was higher than in normal colorectal fibroblasts (NFs). We also found that treatment of CAFs with miR-31 mimic inhibited the expression of the autophagy-related genes Beclin-1, ATG, DRAM and LC3. In addition, we found up-regulation of miR-31 significantly affected colorectal cancer cell behaviors, including proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. Also, up-regulation of miR-31 in CAF could increase the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells co-cultured with CAF. In summary, miR-31 can inhibit autophagy in colorectal CAFs, affect colorectal cancer development, and increase the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells co-cultured with CAF. We hypothesize that miR-31 may become a new target of treatments for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215400, China
| | - Junjia Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yongyou Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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20
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Yamazaki N, Koga Y, Taniguchi H, Kojima M, Kanemitsu Y, Saito N, Matsumura Y. High expression of miR-181c as a predictive marker of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6970-6983. [PMID: 28036302 PMCID: PMC5351683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A standard treatment for stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) is surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the recurrence rate of these patients is approximately 20%. To date, there are no robust biomarkers suitable for predicting recurrence in stage II CRC patients. In this study, microRNAs (miRNAs) extracted from CRC tissues were examined for a possible biomarker to predict recurrence in stage II CRC patients. RESULTS From the comprehensive analysis, 15 miRNAs were selected as candidates for further study. Regarding let-7a, -7d, -7e, miR-23c, -26b, -128a, -151-5p, and -181c, recurrence rates in training cohort patients with higher expression of these miRNAs isolated from their frozen tissues samples were significantly higher than those with lower expression (P < 0.05). According to multivariate analysis, the higher expression of miR-181c was detected as an independent predictive factor of recurrence (P = 0.001, OR: 9.43, 95% CI: 2.57–34.48). Results were similar in miR-181c extracted from FFPE tissues obtained from the training cohort (P = 0.003, OR: 7.46, 95% CI: 1.97–28.57). In the validation cohort using FFPE tissues, the recurrence rate in patients with higher miR-181c expression was significantly higher than those with lower miR-181c expression (P < 0.001). MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive analysis using a highly sensitive miRNA chip was initially performed to select candidate miRNAs associated with recurrence. Candidate miRNAs were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR using RNA from frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of miR-181c may be a useful recurrence predictor of stage II CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Motohiro Kojima
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yukihide Kanemitsu
- Colorectal Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Saito
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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21
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Mazzoccoli G, Colangelo T, Panza A, Rubino R, Tiberio C, Palumbo O, Carella M, Trombetta D, Gentile A, Tavano F, Valvano MR, Storlazzi CT, Macchia G, De Cata A, Bisceglia G, Capocefalo D, Colantuoni V, Sabatino L, Piepoli A, Mazza T. Analysis of clock gene-miRNA correlation networks reveals candidate drivers in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45444-45461. [PMID: 27323779 PMCID: PMC5216733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered functioning of the biological clock is involved in cancer onset and progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interact with the clock genes modulating the function of genetically encoded molecular clockworks. Collaborative interactions may take place within the coding-noncoding RNA regulatory networks. We aimed to evaluate the cross-talk among miRNAs and clock genes in colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed an integrative analysis of miRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA interactions on high-throughput molecular profiling of matched human CRC tissue and non-tumor mucosa, pinpointing core clock genes and their targeting miRNAs. Data obtained in silico were validated in CRC patients and human colon cancer cell lines. In silico we found severe alterations of clock gene–related coding-noncoding RNA regulatory networks in tumor tissues, which were later corroborated by the analysis of human CRC specimens and experiments performed in vitro. In conclusion, specific miRNAs target and regulate the transcription/translation of clock genes and clock gene-related miRNA-miRNA as well as mRNA-miRNA interactions are altered in colorectal cancer. Exploration of the interplay between specific miRNAs and genes, which are critically involved in the functioning of the biological clock, provides a better understanding of the importance of the miRNA-clock genes axis and its derangement in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Anna Panza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Rosa Rubino
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Cristiana Tiberio
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Oncology-Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Valvano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | | | - Gemma Macchia
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo De Cata
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giovanni Bisceglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ada Piepoli
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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22
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Rammer M, Webersinke G, Haitchi-Petnehazy S, Maier E, Hackl H, Charoentong P, Malli T, Steinmair M, Petzer AL, Rumpold H. MicroRNAs and their role for T stage determination and lymph node metastasis in early colon carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:431-440. [PMID: 29134398 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colon cancer is among the most common cancer entities. Understanding the molecular background is the key to enable accurate stage determination, which is crucial to assess optimal therapy options. The search for preoperative biomarkers is ongoing. In recent years, several studies have proposed a diagnostic and prognostic role for miRNAs in cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate miRNA expression patterns correlating with tumor stage, especially lymph node metastasis, in primary colon carcinoma tissue. Screening was accomplished using GeneChip® miRNA v3.0 arrays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and validated via TaqMan® qPCR assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) to investigate miRNA expressions in 168 FFPE and 83 fresh frozen colon carcinoma samples. Regarding lymph node status, analyses displayed no significantly differential miRNA expression. Interestingly, divergent expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-152-3p and miR-1973 was detected in stage pT1. Although miRNAs might not represent reliable biomarkers regarding lymph node metastasis status, they could support risk assessment in stage T1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rammer
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Webersinke
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Maier
- Department of Pathology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pornpimol Charoentong
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theodora Malli
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Maria Steinmair
- Department of Pathology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas L Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Holger Rumpold
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria.
- Internal Medicine II: Medical Oncology, Hematology, Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6807, Feldkirch, Austria.
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23
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Yamamoto I, Nosho K, Kanno S, Igarashi H, Kurihara H, Ishigami K, Ishiguro K, Mitsuhashi K, Maruyama R, Koide H, Okuda H, Hasegawa T, Sukawa Y, Okita K, Takemasa I, Yamamoto H, Shinomura Y, Nakase H. EZH2 expression is a prognostic biomarker in patients with colorectal cancer treated with anti-EGFR therapeutics. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17810-17818. [PMID: 28147317 PMCID: PMC5392288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methyltransferase that suppresses microRNA-31 (miR-31) in various human malignancies including colorectal cancer. We recently suggested that miR-31 regulates the signaling pathway downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study for assessing the relationship between EZH2 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer treated with anti-EGFR therapeutics. We immunohistochemically evaluated EZH2 expression and assessed miR-31 and gene mutations [KRAS (codon 61/146), NRAS (codon 12/13/61), and BRAF (codon 600)] in 109 patients with colorectal cancer harboring KRAS (codon 12/13) wild-type. We also evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In the result, low EZH2 expression was significantly associated with shorter PFS (log-rank test: P = 0.023) and OS (P = 0.036) in patients with colorectal cancer. In the low-miR-31-expression group and the KRAS (codon 61/146), NRAS, and BRAF wild-type groups, a significantly shorter PFS (P = 0.022, P = 0.039, P = 0.021, and P = 0.036, respectively) was observed in the EZH2 low-expression groups than in the high-expression groups. In the multivariate analysis, low EZH2 expression was associated with a shorter PFS (P = 0.046), independent of the mutational status and miR-31. In conclusion, EZH2 expression was associated with survival in patients with colorectal cancer who were treated with anti-EGFR therapeutics. Moreover, low EZH2 expression was independently associated with shorter PFS in patients with cancer, suggesting that EZH2 expression is a useful additional prognostic biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kanno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kurihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishiguro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Mitsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuda
- Department of Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Okita
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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24
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Lin J, Chuang CC, Zuo L. Potential roles of microRNAs and ROS in colorectal cancer: diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17328-17346. [PMID: 28061475 PMCID: PMC5370044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, colorectal adenocarcinoma often occurs sporadically in individuals aged 50 or above and there is an increase among younger patients under 50. Routine screenings are recommended for this age group to improve early detection. The multifactorial etiology of colorectal cancer consists of both genetic and epigenetic factors. Recently, studies have shown that the development and progression of colorectal cancer can be attributed to aberrant expression of microRNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a key role in cancer cell survival, can also lead to carcinogenesis and cancer exacerbations. Given the rapid accumulating knowledge in the field, an updated review regarding microRNA and ROS in colorectal cancer is necessary. An extensive literature search has been conducted in PubMed/Medline databases to review the roles of microRNAs and ROS in colorectal cancer. Unique microRNA expression in tumor tissue, peripheral blood, and fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer is outlined. Therapeutic approaches focusing on microRNA and ROS in colorectal cancer treatment is also delineated. This review aims to summarize the newest knowledge on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in the hopes of discovering novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Sun R, Liang Y, Yuan F, Nie X, Sun H, Wang Y, Yu T, Gao L, Zhang L. Functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of miR-17-92 cluster are associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82531-82540. [PMID: 29137282 PMCID: PMC5669908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-17-92 cluster is identified as a potential oncogenic miRNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of miR-17-92 cluster with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Three polymorphisms (i.e., rs9588884, rs982873 and rs1813389) in the promoter of miR-17-92 were analyzed among 874 cases and 1132 controls using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay or a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Relative expression of miR-17-92 was examined among CRC tumors and noncancerous tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Transcriptional activities were measured using dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found a significantly reduced CRC risk with the rs9588884 (GG vs. CC: adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.35-0.62; dominant model: adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.59-0.86; recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.40-0.69) and the rs982873 (CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.60, 95%CI, 0.46-0.80; recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.49-0.80). Haplotype analysis showed that the GCG haplotype had a decreased risk for CRC compared to the CTA haplotype (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.57-0.79). The rs9588884 GG displayed a lower level of miR-20a and the rs982873 CC displayed a lower level of miR-17. Additionally, the rare allele of rs9588884 G and the rs982873 C revealed a reduced luciferase activity. These findings indicate that the rs9588884 GG and the rs982873 CC in the promoter of miR-17-92 may protect against CRC, possibly by decreasing transcriptional activity and eventually resulting in lower levels of miR-20a and miR-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yundan Liang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Child Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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26
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Yang Y, Du Y, Liu X, Cho WC. Involvement of Non-coding RNAs in the Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:19-51. [PMID: 27573893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diagnosed cancers worldwide. The metastasis and development of resistance to anti-cancer treatment are major challenges in the treatment of CRC. Understanding mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis is therefore critical in developing novel agents for CRC treatments. A large number of evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs have functional roles in both the physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. These molecules are engaged in the pathobiology of neoplastic diseases and are targets for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of a variety of cancers, including CRC. In this regard, ncRNAs have emerged as one of the hallmarks of CRC pathogenesis and they also play key roles in metastasis, drug resistance and the stemness of CRC stem cell by regulating various signaling networks. Therefore, a better understanding the ncRNAs involved in the signaling pathways of CRC may lead to the development of novel strategy for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CRC. In this chapter, we summarize the latest findings on ncRNAs, with a focus on miRNAs and lncRNAs involving in signaling networks and in the regulation of pathogenic signaling pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Yang
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yong Du
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Non-coding RNAs Enabling Prognostic Stratification and Prediction of Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:183-204. [PMID: 27573901 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and current treatment options for patients are associated with a wide range of outcomes and tumor responses. Although the traditional TNM staging system continues to serve as a crucial tool for estimating CRC prognosis and for stratification of treatment choices and long-term survival, it remains limited as it relies on macroscopic features and cases of surgical resection, fails to incorporate new molecular data and information, and cannot perfectly predict the variety of outcomes and responses to treatment associated with tumors of the same stage. Although additional histopathologic features have recently been applied in order to better classify individual tumors, the future might incorporate the use of novel molecular and genetic markers in order to maximize therapeutic outcome and to provide accurate prognosis. Such novel biomarkers, in addition to individual patient tumor phenotyping and other validated genetic markers, could facilitate the prediction of risk of progression in CRC patients and help assess overall survival. Recent findings point to the emerging role of non-protein-coding regions of the genome in their contribution to the progression of cancer and tumor formation. Two major subclasses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are often dysregulated in CRC and have demonstrated their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers. These ncRNAs are promising molecular classifiers and could assist in the stratification of patients into appropriate risk groups to guide therapeutic decisions and their expression patterns could help determine prognosis and predict therapeutic options in CRC.
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28
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Pettit C, Walston S, Wald P, Webb A, Williams TM. Molecular profiling of locally-advanced rectal adenocarcinoma using microRNA expression (Review). Int J Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28627602 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer (LARC) typically consists of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision. Recently, there has been growing interest in non-operative management for patients who are medically-inoperable or wish to avoid surgical morbidity and permanent colostomy. Approximately 50% of patients who receive pre-operative neoadjuvant chemoradiation develop some degree of pathologic response. Approximately 10-20% of patients are found to have a complete pathologic response, a finding which has frequently been shown to predict better clinical outcomes, including local-regional control, distant metastasis and survival. Many recent studies have evaluated the role of molecular biomarkers in predicting response to neoadjuvant therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers that have the potential to predict which patients are most likely to benefit from pre-operative therapy and from a selective surgical approach. Here, we review the published literature on microRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in rectal cancer after pre-operative therapy. In the future, the development of prospectively validated miRNA signatures will allow clinical implementation of miRNAs as prognostic and predictive signatures in LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Pettit
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Walston
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Wald
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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29
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Huang LL, Huang LW, Wang L, Tong BD, Wei Q, Ding XS. Potential role of miR-139-5p in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1215-1222. [PMID: 28789336 PMCID: PMC5529864 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes by partially binding to specific target sites of mRNAs. miRNAs perform important functions in complicated cellular biological processes and their abnormal expression is involved in various disorders, including cancer. Among the miRNAs, differential expression of miR-139-5p serves a significant role in tumorigenesis, metastasis and recurrence, thus suggesting that it may potentially be used as a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. miR-139-5p is expected to serve as a biomarker to eventually be implemented in a clinical setting. In the present review, we focus on the importance of miR-139-5p in cancer, summarize the association between miR-139-5p expression level and diagnosis and prognosis, and discuss the potential therapeutic implications for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Ding Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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30
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Zhang Y, Li M, Ding Y, Fan Z, Zhang J, Zhang H, Jiang B, Zhu Y. Serum MicroRNA profile in patients with colon adenomas or cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:23. [PMID: 28427387 PMCID: PMC5399348 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer, one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths, arises from adenomatous polyps. In these years, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted increasing attention as novel biomarkers for colon cancers. The dysregulated circulating miRNAs in patients with colon adenomas has not been well-understood. METHODS Here, we aimed to identify miRNA profile in the serum of patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer by using microarray. Then we validated eight differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) by qRT-PCR and predicted their targets. RESULTS We identified 26 DEMs from Adenomas versus Normal comparison (11 up-regulations and 15 down-regulations), 72 DEMs from Cancer versus Normal comparison (19 up-regulations and 53 down-regulations) and 17 DEMs from Cancer versus Adenomas comparison (4 up-regulations and 13 down-regulations). Moreover, three DEMs identified from Cancer versus Normal comparison were included in the list of DEMs identified from Cancer versus Adenomas comparison, and may be specific diagnostic biomarkers for colon cancer. Five down-regulated miRNAs identified from Cancer versus Normal comparison were included in the list of DEMs identified from Adenomas versus Normal comparison, and may be important for the development of colon polyps and cancer. CONCLUSIONS We discovered 8 circulating miRNAs associated with colon adenomas and colon cancer, and these miRNAs may potentially serve as noninvasive screening biomarkers for colon cancer. Our study is useful for expanding our understanding in the development of colon adenomas and colon cancer, and thus provide novel insights into colon cancer pathogenesis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijiang Ding
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinchun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhu
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Khella HWZ, Daniel N, Youssef L, Scorilas A, Nofech-Mozes R, Mirham L, Krylov SN, Liandeau E, Krizova A, Finelli A, Cheng Y, Yousef GM. miR-10b is a prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:854-859. [PMID: 28360191 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common adult kidney cancer. It is an aggressive tumour with unpredictable outcome. The currently used clinical parameters are not always accurate for predicting disease behaviour. miR-10b is dysregulated in different malignancies including RCC. METHODS We assessed the clinical utility of miR-10b as a prognostic marker in 250 patients with primary ccRCC. We examined the correlation between miR-10b and clinicopathological parameters. We compared miR-10b expression among different RCC subtypes and normal kidney tissue. RESULTS We observed a stepwise decrease of miR-10b expression from normal kidney to primary ccRCC and a further decrease from primary to metastatic RCC. miR-10b expression was significantly lower in stages III/IV compared with stages I/II (p=0.038). Using a binary cut-off, miR-10b-positive patients had significantly longer disease-free survival (HR=0.47, CI 0.28 to 0.79, p=0.004). In the subgroup of patients with tumour size >4 cm, higher miR-10b expression was associated with significant longer disease-free and overall survival (p=0.001 and p=0.036, respectively). miR-10b was significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal kidney (p<0.0001), and oncocytoma (p=0.031). It was also downregulated in chromophobe RCC. In addition, we identified a number of miR-10b-predicted targets and pathways that are involved in tumourigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to miR-10b as a promising prognostic marker in ccRCC with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba W Z Khella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Daniel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leza Youssef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roy Nofech-Mozes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lorna Mirham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evi Liandeau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adriana Krizova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Fateh A, Feizi MAH, Safaralizadeh R, Azarbarzin S. Importance of miR-299-5p in colorectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:322-326. [PMID: 28469363 PMCID: PMC5411383 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are effective regulators of gene expression that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and various other cancers. The high prevalence of aberrant miRNA expression in CRC suggests that they can be used as biomarkers and anticancer molecules for therapeutic purposes. There is evidence that microRNA-299-5p (miR-299-5p) is associated with vital cell processes (e.g. epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and tumorigenicity) and its improper expression with tumorigenesis in many types of human cancer. This prospective study investigated the contribution of miR-299-5p to CRC tumorigenesis. Methods The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine miR-299-5p expression levels prospectively in 40 sample pairs of CRC tissue and adjacent noncancerous tissue (>2 cm from cancer tissue). The ability of miR-299-5p to function as a tumor marker was also examined. Results The expression levels of miR-299-5p were significantly downregulated in the group of CRC samples compared with matched noncancerous tissue samples. No significant relationship was found between miR-299-5p expression levels and clinicopathological features. Receiver operating characteristic analysis gave an area under the curve of 71% for miR-299-5p with 68% sensitivity and 78% specificity (P=0.001). Conclusion The miRNA miR-299-5p may be considered as a tumor marker in CRC and could be of assistance as a potential predictive biomarker in the diagnosis of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alavieh Fateh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azarbarzin
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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33
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Nagy ZB, Wichmann B, Kalmár A, Galamb O, Barták BK, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Colorectal adenoma and carcinoma specific miRNA profiles in biopsy and their expression in plasma specimens. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:22. [PMID: 28289479 PMCID: PMC5310023 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiRNA expression markers are well characterized in colorectal cancer (CRC), but less is known about miRNA expression profiles in colorectal adenomas. Genome-wide miRNA and mRNA expression analyses were conducted through the colorectal adenoma dysplasia sequence. Furthermore, analysis of the expression levels of miRNAs in matched plasma samples was performed, focusing on biomarker candidates; miRNA and mRNA expression analyses were performed on colorectal biopsies and plasma samples (20 normals; 11 tubular and 9 tubulovillous adenomas; 20 colorectal carcinomas) by miRNA 3.0 and Human Transcriptome Array (Affymetrix) and validated by RT-qPCR. Microarray data were analyzed using Expression Console and mRNA targets were predicted using miRWALK 2.0. RESULTS Based on microarray analysis, 447 miRNAs were expressed in tissue and 320 in plasma. Twelve were upregulated (miR-31, 8-fold p < 0.001) and 11 were downregulated (miR-10b 3-fold p < 0.001) in neoplastic lesions compared to normal group. Eleven miRNAs showed altered expression between adenoma subtypes (miR-183 2.8-fold change, p < 0.007). Expression level of 24 miRNAs differed between adenoma and CRC groups (including miR-196a, 3.5-fold). Three miRNAs (miR-31, miR-4506, miR-452*) were differentially expressed in adenoma compared to normal both in tissue and plasma samples. miRNA expression data were confirmed by RT-PCR both in plasma and matched tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS MiRNAs showed characteristic expression changes during CRC development in tissue. miRNAs were also presented in plasma and positively correlated with matched tissue expression levels. The identified miRNA expression changes could be verified RT-PCR methods facilitating routine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- Molecular Gastroenterology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Gastroenterology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- Molecular Gastroenterology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Current Address: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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34
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Yau TO, Wu CW, Tang CM, Chen Y, Fang J, Dong Y, Liang Q, Ng SSM, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. MicroRNA-20a in human faeces as a non-invasive biomarker for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1559-68. [PMID: 26621842 PMCID: PMC4811480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Detection of microRNA (miRNA) aberrations in human faeces is a new approach for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The aim of this study was to characterise miR-20a in faeces as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis of CRC. Results miR-20a expression was significantly higher in the 40 CRC tumours compared to their respective adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.0065). Levels of miR-20a were also significantly higher in faecal samples from CRC patients (P < 0.0001). The area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for miR-20a was 0.73, with a sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 82% for CRC patients compared with controls. No significant difference in the level of miR-20a was found between patients with proximal, distal, and rectal cancer. The use of antibiotics did not influence faecal miR-20a levels. Patients and Methods miR-20a was selected from an expression microarray containing 667 miRNAs. Further verification of miR-20a was performed in 40 pairs of primary CRC tissues, as well as 595 faecal samples (198 CRCs, 199 adenomas, and 198 healthy controls) using TaqMan probe based quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Conclusions Faecal-based miR-20a can be utilised as a potential non-invasive biomarker for CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung On Yau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Wah Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ceen-Ming Tang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Dong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qiaoyi Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis Ka Leung Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gavrilas LI, Ionescu C, Tudoran O, Lisencu C, Balacescu O, Miere D. The Role of Bioactive Dietary Components in Modulating miRNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100590. [PMID: 27681738 PMCID: PMC5083978 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and considered to be one of the most diet-related types of cancer. Extensive research has been conducted but still the link between diet and colorectal cancer is complex. Recent studies have highlight microRNAs (miRNAs) as key players in cancer-related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. MicroRNAs are involved in most biological processes related to tumor development and progression; therefore, it is of great interest to understand the underlying mechanisms by which dietary patterns and components influence the expression of these powerful molecules in colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss relevant dietary patterns in terms of miRNAs modulation in colorectal cancer, as well as bioactive dietary components able to modify gene expression through changes in miRNA expression. Furthermore, we emphasize on protective components such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, α-mangostin, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D and dietary fiber, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms in the context of prevention and even treatment. In addition, several bioactive dietary components that have the ability to re-sensitize treatment resistant cells are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Gavrilas
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Marinescu Street 23, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Corina Ionescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Louis Pasteur Street 6, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania.
| | - Oana Tudoran
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street 34-36, Cluj-Napoca 400015, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Lisencu
- Department of Surgical and Gynecological Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Republicii Street 34-36, Cluj-Napoca 400015, Romania.
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street 34-36, Cluj-Napoca 400015, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street 34-36, Cluj-Napoca 400015, Romania.
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Marinescu Street 23, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
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36
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Chen X, Shi K, Wang Y, Song M, Zhou W, Tu H, Lin Z. Clinical value of integrated-signature miRNAs in colorectal cancer: miRNA expression profiling analysis and experimental validation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37544-56. [PMID: 26462034 PMCID: PMC4741947 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of colorectal cancer (CRC) are often inconsistent among different studies. To determine candidate miRNA biomarkers for CRC, we performed an integrative analysis of miRNA expression profiling compared CRC tissues and paired neighboring noncancerous colorectal tissues. Using robust rank aggregation method, we identified a miRNA set of 10 integrated-signature miRNAs. In addition, the qRT-PCR validation demonstrated that 9 miRNAs were consistent dysregulated with the integrative analysis in CRC tissues, 4 miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p) were up-regulated expression, and 5 miRNAs (miR-145-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-378a-5p and miR-143-3p) were down-regulated expression (all p < 0.05). Consistent with the initial analysis, 7 miRNAs were found to be significantly dysregulated in CRC tissues in TCGA data base, 4 miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p) were significantly up-regulated expression, and 3 miRNAs (miR-145-5p, miR-139-5p and miR-378a-5p) were significantly down-regulated expression in CRC tissues (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, miR-17-5p (p = 0.011) and miR-20a-5p (p = 0.003) were up-regulated expression in the III/IV tumor stage, miR-145-5p (p = 0.028) and miR-195-5p (p = 0.001) were significantly increased expression with microscopic vascular invasion in CRC tissues, miR-17-5p (p = 0.037) and miR-145-5p (p = 0.023) were significantly increased expression with lymphovascular invasion. Moreover, Cox regression analysis of CRC patients in TCGA data base showed miR-20a-5p was correlated with survival (hazard ratio: 1.875, 95%CI: 1.088-3.232, p = 0.024). Hence, the finding of current study provides a basic implication of these miRNAs for further clinical application in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangJian Chen
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - KeQing Shi
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - YuQun Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - HongXiang Tu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jiang H, Liu J, Chen Y, Ma C, Li B, Hao T. Up-regulation of mir-10b predicate advanced clinicopathological features and liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2932-2941. [PMID: 27592860 PMCID: PMC5083747 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the emerging role of microRNA in tumor disease progression, we investigated the association between miRNA 10b expression, liver metastasis, and clinicopathological of colorectal cancer (CRC). Two hundred and forty‐six pairs of samples (including CRC samples and normal adjacent tissues) from CRC patients were collected from May 2004 to May 2009. All samples verified to contain at least 80% tumor cells, and were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C or fixed in 10% formalin for paraffin embedding. The expression of miRNA‐10b in CRC tissues was evaluated using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction RT‐PCR. Correlation between miR‐10b expression and poor clinicopathological of CRC patients were analyzed using Student's t‐tests and Chi‐square tests. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was generated following a log‐rank test. miR‐10b expression was up‐regulated in CRC tissues (P < 0.0001) and in patients diagnosed as colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) at initial involvement or during follow‐up. When the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage was taken into consideration, the expression levels of miR‐10b were positively correlated with advanced TNM stages. In addition, the miR‐10b expression of patients diagnosed as CLM at initial involvement was significantly higher than those without liver metastasis (nCLM). Similarly, those patients developed with CLM during follow‐up (FCLM) was also markedly higher than those with nCLM. miR‐10b expression was also found correlated with advanced stage (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.025), venous infiltration (P = 0.007), poorer differentiation (P = 0.002), and served as an independent prognostic factor of poor overall survival (P < 0.0001). This study demonstrated the expression of miR‐10b had strong potential to serve as a noninvasive biomarker for CRC prognosis and predicting liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China.
| | - Jijun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Yingtao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Chong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Baosong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Tao Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
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Cekaite L, Eide PW, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA. MicroRNAs as growth regulators, their function and biomarker status in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6476-505. [PMID: 26623728 PMCID: PMC4872728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is in part regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC); their role as growth regulators, the mechanisms that regulate the miRNAs themselves and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers. Although thousands of tissue samples and bodily fluids from CRC patients have been investigated for biomarker potential of miRNAs (>160 papers presented in a comprehensive tables), none single miRNA nor miRNA expression signatures are in clinical use for this disease. More than 500 miRNA-target pairs have been identified in CRC and we discuss how these regulatory nodes interconnect and affect signaling pathways in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Ghanbari R, Mosakhani N, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G, Nouraee N, Mohammadkhani A, Khorrami S, Arefian E, Paryan M, Malekzadeh R, Knuutila S. Simultaneous Underexpression of let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p microRNAs in Plasma and Stool Samples from Early Stage Colorectal Carcinoma. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 7:39-48. [PMID: 26793011 PMCID: PMC4711391 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s25252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection of CRC can improve patient survival rates; thus, the identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers is urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have extensive potential to diagnose several diseases, including cancer. In this study, we compared the expression pattern of miRNAs from plasma and stool samples of patients with early stages of CRC (I, II) with that of healthy subjects. We performed miRNA profiling using microarrays on plasma and stool samples of eight patients with CRC and four healthy subjects. Seven miRNAs were found to be underexpressed in both plasma and stool samples of patients with CRC versus healthy subjects. Then, we aimed to verify two out of these seven differentially expressed miRNAs (let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a larger set of plasma and stool samples of 51 patients with CRC and 26 healthy subjects. We confirmed the results of microarray analysis since their expression was significantly lower in stool and plasma samples of patients with CRC. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that fecal let-7f expression levels have significant sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between patients with CRC and healthy subjects. In conclusion, if the results are confirmed in larger series of patients, underexpressed let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p miRNAs in both plasma and stool samples of patients with CRC may serve potentially as noninvasive molecular biomarkers for the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanbari
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mosakhani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virinder K Sarhadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nazila Nouraee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohammadkhani
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khorrami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Research and Development Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kaller M, Hermeking H. Interplay Between Transcription Factors and MicroRNAs Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:71-92. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Knudsen KN, Nielsen BS, Lindebjerg J, Hansen TF, Holst R, Sørensen FB. microRNA-17 Is the Most Up-Regulated Member of the miR-17-92 Cluster during Early Colon Cancer Evolution. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140503. [PMID: 26465597 PMCID: PMC4605595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated microRNAs play a role in the development and progression of colon cancer, but little is known about their tissue and cell distribution in the continuum of normal mucosa through the premalignant adenoma to invasive adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of the miR-17-92 cluster (miR-17, miR-18, miR-19, miR-20 and miR-92) as well as miR-21, miR-31, miR-135b, and miR-145 in early clinically diagnosed colon cancer. MicroRNAs were analysed by chromogenic in situ hybridisation in the normal-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence of nine adenocarcinomas developed in mucosal colon polyps. Subsequently, the expression of selected microRNAs was validated in 24 mucosal colon cancer polyps. Expression of miR-17 was confined to the epithelial cells, and the expression levels increased in the transitional zone from normal to adenomatous tissue. The miR-17-92 cluster members, miR-19b, miR-20a, and miR-92a, followed the same expression pattern, but miR-17 was the most predominant. An increased expression of miR-21 was found in the tumour-associated stroma with the most dramatic increase from adenoma to adenocarcinoma, while the number of positive miR-145 fibroblast-like cells in the normal lamina propria (stroma) decreased in a stepwise manner throughout the normal-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. It is concluded that the expression of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-145 changes at early stages of the normal-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. Thus, these microRNAs may play a role in the development of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Nguyen Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Part of Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jan Lindebjerg
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Part of Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - René Holst
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Brandt Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Part of Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Ristau J, Staffa J, Schrotz-King P, Gigic B, Makar KW, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Ulrich A, Schneider M, Ulrich CM, Habermann N. Suitability of circulating miRNAs as potential prognostic markers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 23:2632-7. [PMID: 25472670 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are crucial in cellular processes and have been shown to be abnormally expressed in cancer tissue and the circulation. Circulating miRNAs may serve as a novel class of minimally invasive biomarkers for prognosis. Within a first methodologic study, we evaluated the miRNA profile kinetics in the plasma of patients with colorectal cancer after surgical tumor removal to identify potential suitability as prognostic biomarkers. This pilot study is based on the ColoCare Study, a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with stage I-IV colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer pre- and postsurgical blood (2-7 days after surgery) and 6 months follow-up blood from 35 patients were examined and candidate miRNAs were investigated in the plasma. miRNA levels were measured by two-step qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using log-transformed normalized CT values using SAS 9.3. Comparing pre- and postsurgical miRNA levels revealed a statistically significant decrease of nine circulating miRNAs after surgery (miR92a, miR18a, miR320a, miR106a, miR16-2, miR20a, miR223, miR17, and miR143). Analyses of plasma levels over all three time points demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from presurgery to postsurgery and re-increase from postsurgery to the six months follow-up time point of four circulating miRNAs (miR92a, miR320a, miR106a, and miR18a). We were able to show for the first time that in plasma miRNA profiles change within days after colorectal cancer surgery. Our results underscore the role of the investigated miRNAs in colorectal cancer and their potential utility as prognostic biomarkers. See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Biomarkers, Biospecimens, and New Technologies in Molecular Epidemiology."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ristau
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Staffa
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen W Makar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herrmann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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MicroRNA-224 is associated with colorectal cancer progression and response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy by KRAS-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1480-90. [PMID: 25919696 PMCID: PMC4453675 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancers arise from benign adenomas, although not all adenomas progress to cancer and there are marked interpatient differences in disease progression. We have previously associated KRAS mutations with disease progression and reduced survival in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: We used TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) qRT–PCR analysis to identify miRNAs differentially expressed in normal colorectal mucosa, adenomas and cancers and in isogeneic KRAS WT and mutant HCT116 cells, and used a variety of phenotypic assays to assess the influence of miRNA expression on KRAS activity, chemosensitivity, proliferation and invasion. Results: MicroRNA-224 was differentially expressed in dysplastic colorectal disease and in isogeneic KRAS WT and mutant HCT116 cells. Antagomir-mediated miR-224 silencing in HCT116 KRAS WT cells phenocopied KRAS mutation, increased KRAS activity and ERK and AKT phosphorylation. 5-FU chemosensitivity was significantly increased in miR-224 knockdown cells, and in NIH3T3 cells expressing KRAS and BRAF mutant proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of predicted miR-224 target genes predicted altered cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes that were experimentally confirmed in miR-224 knockdown cells. Conclusions: We describe a novel mechanism of KRAS regulation, and highlight the clinical utility of colorectal cancer-specific miRNAs as disease progression or clinical response biomarkers.
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Qiu G, Lin Y, Zhang H, Wu D. miR-139-5p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:315-21. [PMID: 26022123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. miRNAs have been suggested to have important roles in HCC development. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of miR-139-5p in regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of HCC cells. Expression levels of miR-139-5p in 49 HCC specimens with adjacent tissues and five HCC cell lines were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. We found that miR-139-5p was down-regulated in 89.7% of the HCC tissue samples and all of the HCC cell lines. In addition, luciferase reporter assays validated direct binding of miR-139-5p to the 3' untranslated region of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2. Ectopic expression of miR-139-5p suppressed and miR-139-in promoted EMT, migration, and invasion in Hep3B and SMMC7721 cells. Furthermore, over-expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 ablated the inhibitory effects of miR-139-5p on migration and invasion in HCC cells. Our study indicates that miR-139-5p functions as a suppressor of HCC EMT and metastasis by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2, and it may be a therapeutic target for metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongcai Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yujia Lin
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Haogang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Dequan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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MicroRNAs as Regulator of Signaling Networks in Metastatic Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:823620. [PMID: 26064956 PMCID: PMC4438141 DOI: 10.1155/2015/823620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression translationally and/or transcriptionally. A large number of evidence have demonstrated that miRNAs have a functional role in both physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. Recently, the functionalities of miRNAs in the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumors have gained increasing attentions. Particularly, the alteration of miRNA profiles has been correlated with the transformation and metastasis of various cancers, including colon cancer. This paper reports the latest findings on miRNAs involved in different signaling networks leading to colon cancer metastasis, mainly focusing on miRNA profiling and their roles in PTEN/PI3K, EGFR, TGFβ, and p53 signaling pathways of metastatic colon cancer. The potential of miRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in colon cancer is also discussed.
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46
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Cellura D, Pickard K, Quaratino S, Parker H, Strefford JC, Thomas GJ, Mitter R, Mirnezami AH, Peake NJ. miR-19-Mediated Inhibition of Transglutaminase-2 Leads to Enhanced Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1095-1105. [PMID: 25934693 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is a critical cross-linking enzyme in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor microenvironment (TME). Although its expression has been linked to colorectal cancer, its functional role in the processes that drive disease appears to be context dependent. There is now considerable evidence of a role for microRNAs (miRNA) in the development and progression of cancer, including metastasis. A cell model of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma was used to investigate the contribution of miRNAs to the differential expression of TG2, and functional effects on inflammatory and invasive behavior. The impact of TG2 in colorectal cancer was analyzed in human colorectal tumor specimens and by manipulations in SW480 and SW620 cells. Effects on invasive behavior were measured using Transwell invasion assays, and cytokine production was assessed by ELISA. TG2 was identified as a target for miR-19 by in silico analysis, which was confirmed experimentally. Functional effects were evaluated by overexpression of pre-miR-19a in SW480 cells. Expression of TG2 correlated inversely with invasive behavior, with knockdown in SW480 cells leading to enhanced invasion, and overexpression in SW620 cells the opposite. TG2 expression was observed in colorectal cancer primary tumors but lost in liver metastases. Finally, miR-19 overexpression and subsequent decreased TG2 expression was linked to chromosome-13 amplification events, leading to altered invasive behavior in colorectal cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS Chromosome-13 amplification in advanced colorectal cancer contributes to invasion and metastasis by upregulating miR-19, which targets TG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cellura
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - K Pickard
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - S Quaratino
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - H Parker
- Cancer Genomics, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - J C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - G J Thomas
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - R Mitter
- Bioinformatics Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3TL
| | - A H Mirnezami
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, UK
| | - N J Peake
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
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c-MYB regulates cell growth and DNA damage repair through modulating MiR-143. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:555-64. [PMID: 25616133 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the most successful nonsurgical treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NCP). Although NPCs initially respond well to a full course of radiation, recurrence and metastasis are frequent. In this study, we found that down-regulated c-MYB expression was associated with increased radiation resistance and DNA damage repair ability. Interestingly, c-MYB was over-expressed in cancer tissues but not in the adjacent tissues. Down-regulation of c-MYB expression inhibited cell proliferation, and led to cell cycle arrest at the M phase in NPC cells. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that c-MYB transactivated miR-143 through direct binding to its promoter. Based on these results, c-MYB might target miR-143 in order to regulate stem cell properties, cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair.
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48
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Muhammad S, Kaur K, Huang R, Zhang Q, Kaur P, Yazdani HO, Bilal MU, Zheng J, Zheng L, Wang XS. MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer: Role in metastasis and clinical perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17011-17019. [PMID: 25493013 PMCID: PMC4258569 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Almost 90% of the patients diagnosed with CRC die due to metastases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that modulate the expression of their target genes post-transcriptionally, and they may participate in various physiological and pathological processes including CRC metastasis by influencing various factors in the human body. Recently, the role miRNAs play throughout the CRC metastatic cascade has gain attention. Many studies have been published to link them with CRC metastasis. In this review, we will briefly discuss metastatic steps in the light of miRNAs, along with their target genes. We will discuss how the aberration in the expression of miRNAs leads to the formation of CRC by effecting the regulation of their target genes. As miRNAs are being exploited for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer and other diseases, their high tissue specificity and critical role in oncogenesis make them new biomarkers for the diagnosis and classification of cancer as well as for predicting patients’ outcome. MiRNA signatures have been identified for many human tumors including CRC, and miRNA-based therapies to treat cancer have been emphasized lately. These will also be discussed in this review.
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49
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Igarashi H, Kurihara H, Mitsuhashi K, Ito M, Okuda H, Kanno S, Naito T, Yoshii S, Takahashi H, Kusumi T, Hasegawa T, Sukawa Y, Adachi Y, Okita K, Hirata K, Imamura Y, Baba Y, Imai K, Suzuki H, Yamamoto H, Nosho K, Shinomura Y. Association of MicroRNA-31-5p with Clinical Efficacy of Anti-EGFR Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:2640-8. [PMID: 25472647 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene mutations in the pathway downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are considered to induce resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). We recently reported that microRNA-31 (miR-31)-5p may regulate BRAF activation and play a role in the signaling pathway downstream of EGFR in CRC. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-31-5p can be a useful biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy in CRC. METHODS We evaluated miR-31-5p expression and gene mutations [KRAS (codon 61 or 146), NRAS (codon 12, 13, or 61), and BRAF (V600E)] in the EGFR downstream pathway in 102 CRC patients harboring KRAS (codon 12 or 13) wild-type who were treated with anti-EGFR therapeutics. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS KRAS (codon 61 or 146), NRAS, and BRAF mutations were detected in 6.9, 6.9, and 5.9 % patients, respectively. Compared with CRCs with at least one mutation (n = 20), significantly better PFS (P = 0.0003) but insignificantly better OS were observed in CRCs harboring all wild-type genes (KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF). High miR-31-5p expression was identified in 11 % (n = 11) patients and was significantly associated with shorter PFS (P = 0.003). In CRCs carrying all wild-type genes, high miR-31-5p was associated with shorter PFS (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS High miR-31-5p expression was associated with shorter PFS in patients with CRC treated with anti-EGFR therapeutics. Moreover, in CRCs carrying all wild-type genes, high miR-31-5p was associated with shorter PFS, suggesting that it may be a useful and additional prognostic biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Yau TO, Wu CW, Dong Y, Tang CM, Ng SSM, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1765-71. [PMID: 25233396 PMCID: PMC4453736 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in stool is a novel approach for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The aim of this study is to investigate the use of miR-221 and miR-18a in stool samples as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. METHODS A miRNA expression array containing 667 miRNAs was performed to identify miRNA dysregulation in CRC tissues. We focused on miR-221 and miR-18a, two significantly upregulated miRNAs which were subsequently verified in 40 pairs of CRC tissues and 595 stool samples (198 CRCs, 199 polyps and 198 normal controls). RESULTS miR-221 and miR-18a were upregulated in the miRNA expression array. miR-221 and miR-18a levels were also significantly higher in 40 CRC tumours compared with their respective adjacent normal tissues. In stool samples, miR-221 and miR-18a showed a significant increasing trend from normal controls to late stages of CRC (P<0.0001). The levels of stool miR-221 and miR-18a were both significantly higher in subjects with stages I+II (miR-221: P<0.0001, miR-18a: P<0.0001) and stages III+IV of CRC (miR-221: P=0.0004, miR-18a: P<0.0001) compared with normal controls. The AUC of stool miR-221 and miR-18a were 0.73 and 0.67 for CRC patients as compared with normal controls, respectively. No significant differences in stool miR-221 and miR-18a levels were found between patients with proximal and distal CRCs. The use of antibiotics did not influence stool miRNA-221 and miRNA-18a levels. CONCLUSIONS Stool-based miR-221 can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Yau
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology & Therapeutics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - C W Wu
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology & Therapeutics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Dong
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C-M Tang
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - S S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - F K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Yu
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology & Therapeutics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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