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Valbonesi M, Occhini D, Capra C, Frisoni R, Fella M, Quaratino S, Pittaluga P. Plasma Exchange for the Management of Cyclosporin A-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139888801100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Authors report a case of hypertriglyceridemia complicating the course of a patient receiving cyclosporin A after bone marrow transplantation. When the patient was seen at the hemapheresis unit the clinical picture was characterized by headache, increasing visual and neurological disturbances. Plasma triglyceride level was 3215 mg/dl. Two plasma exchange sessions reduced triglycerides to 486 mg/dl and halted the disease progression. This may represent the first plasma exchange treatment of cyclosporin A-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Valbonesi
- Blood Transfusion Center and Department of Hematology San Martino Hospital, Genova - Italy
| | - D. Occhini
- Immunohematology Services and Department of Hematology San Martino Hospital, Genova - Italy
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Valbonesi M, Valente U, Pellicci R, Piri C, Ferrari M, Frisoni R, Zia S, Quaratino S, Fella M. Thrombotic Microangiopathy of the Miscellaneous Secondary Type Responding to Plasma Exchange in a Liver Transplant Recipient. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139888801100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome, clinically and pathologically similar to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has been reported in recipients of tissue transplants, including renal and bone marrow allografts. The diagnosis is made only after other causes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia have been excluded. In this case report we present the outcome of the combination of plasma exchange, dipyridamole and aspirin in the management of a TTP-like syndrome that complicated the post-operative course of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - U. Valente
- Organ Transplantation Unit San Martino University Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - R. Pellicci
- Organ Transplantation Unit San Martino University Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - S. Zia
- Immunohematology Services
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Cellura D, Pickard K, Quaratino S, Parker H, Strefford JC, Thomas GJ, Mitter R, Mirnezami AH, Peake NJ. miR-19-Mediated Inhibition of Transglutaminase-2 Leads to Enhanced Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1095-1105. [PMID: 25934693 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is a critical cross-linking enzyme in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor microenvironment (TME). Although its expression has been linked to colorectal cancer, its functional role in the processes that drive disease appears to be context dependent. There is now considerable evidence of a role for microRNAs (miRNA) in the development and progression of cancer, including metastasis. A cell model of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma was used to investigate the contribution of miRNAs to the differential expression of TG2, and functional effects on inflammatory and invasive behavior. The impact of TG2 in colorectal cancer was analyzed in human colorectal tumor specimens and by manipulations in SW480 and SW620 cells. Effects on invasive behavior were measured using Transwell invasion assays, and cytokine production was assessed by ELISA. TG2 was identified as a target for miR-19 by in silico analysis, which was confirmed experimentally. Functional effects were evaluated by overexpression of pre-miR-19a in SW480 cells. Expression of TG2 correlated inversely with invasive behavior, with knockdown in SW480 cells leading to enhanced invasion, and overexpression in SW620 cells the opposite. TG2 expression was observed in colorectal cancer primary tumors but lost in liver metastases. Finally, miR-19 overexpression and subsequent decreased TG2 expression was linked to chromosome-13 amplification events, leading to altered invasive behavior in colorectal cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS Chromosome-13 amplification in advanced colorectal cancer contributes to invasion and metastasis by upregulating miR-19, which targets TG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cellura
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - K Pickard
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - S Quaratino
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - H Parker
- Cancer Genomics, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - J C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - G J Thomas
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - R Mitter
- Bioinformatics Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3TL
| | - A H Mirnezami
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, UK
| | - N J Peake
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
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Élez E, Kocáková I, Höhler T, Martens UM, Bokemeyer C, Van Cutsem E, Melichar B, Smakal M, Csőszi T, Topuzov E, Orlova R, Tjulandin S, Rivera F, Straub J, Bruns R, Quaratino S, Tabernero J. Abituzumab combined with cetuximab plus irinotecan versus cetuximab plus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: the randomised phase I/II POSEIDON trial. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:132-140. [PMID: 25319061 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are involved in tumour progression and metastasis, and differentially expressed on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Abituzumab (EMD 525797), a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting integrin αν heterodimers, has demonstrated preclinical activity. This trial was designed to assess the tolerability of different doses of abituzumab in combination with cetuximab and irinotecan (phase I) and explore the efficacy and tolerability of the combination versus that of cetuximab and irinotecan in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) (phase II part). METHODS Eligible patients had KRAS (exon 2) wild-type mCRC and had received prior oxaliplatin-containing therapy. The trial comprised an initial safety run-in using abituzumab doses up to 1000 mg combined with a standard of care (SoC: cetuximab plus irinotecan) and a phase II part in which patients were randomised 1 : 1 : 1 to receive abituzumab 500 mg (arm A) or 1000 mg (arm B) every 2 weeks combined with SoC, or SoC alone (arm C). The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), response rate (RR) and tolerability. Associations between tumour integrin expression and outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS Phase I showed that abituzumab doses up to 1000 mg were well tolerated in combination with SoC. Seventy-three (arm A), 71 (arm B) and 72 (arm C) patients were randomised to the phase II part. Baseline characteristics were balanced. PFS was similar in the three arms: arm A versus SoC, hazard ratio (HR) 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.64]; arm B versus SoC, HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.77-1.61). RRs were also similar. A trend toward improved OS was observed: arm A versus SoC, HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.54-1.28); arm B versus SoC, HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.52-1.25). Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in 72%, 78% and 67% of patients. High tumour integrin αvβ6 expression was associated with longer OS in arms A [HR 0.55 (0.30-1.00)] and B [HR 0.41 (0.21-0.81)] than in arm C. CONCLUSION The primary PFS end point was not met, although predefined exploratory biomarker analyses identified subgroups of patients in whom abituzumab may have benefit. The tolerability of abituzumab combined with cetuximab and irinotecan was acceptable. Further study is warranted. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01008475.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Élez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Kocáková
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masarykuv Onkologicky Ustav, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Höhler
- Medical Clinic I, Prosper-Hospital, Recklinghausen
| | - U M Martens
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Center Heilbronn-Franken, Heilbronn
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Department of Digestive Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven and KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc
| | - M Smakal
- Department of Oncology, Horovice, Czech Republic
| | - T Csőszi
- Department of Oncology, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Hetenyi Geza Korhaz-Rendelointezet, Szolnok, Hungary
| | - E Topuzov
- GOU VPO St-Petersburg SMA, n/a Mechnikov Federal Agency of Healthcare, St Petersburg
| | - R Orlova
- City Clinical Oncology Dispensary, St Petersburg
| | - S Tjulandin
- S.I. Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Rivera
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - R Bruns
- Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Elez E, Kocáková I, Höhler T, Martens U, Bokemeyer C, Van Cutsem E, Melichar B, Smakal M, Cso˝szi T, Vyushkov D, Topuzov E, Orlova R, Tjulandin S, Rivera F, Straub J, Bruns R, Quaratino S, Tabernero J. Abituzumab Combined with Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan Versus Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan Alone, as Second-Line Treatment for Patients with KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Poseidon Phase I/Randomized Phase II Trial. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu193.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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6
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Ruers T, Aust D, van den Eynde M, Folprecht G, Carrasco J, Fuchs M, Smit J, Victor A, Quaratino S. Randomized, Open-Label Study of the Biological Effects of BLP25 Liposome (L-BLP25) Immunotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: Sprint Study Design. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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7
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Raia V, Maiuri L, Ciacci C, Ricciardelli I, Vacca L, Auricchio S, Cimmino M, Cavaliere M, Nardone M, Cesaro A, Malcolm J, Quaratino S, Londei M. Inhibition of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase controls airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2005; 60:773-80. [PMID: 15994249 PMCID: PMC1747526 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.042564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are characterised by chronic inflammation, increased interleukin (IL)-8 secretion, and neutrophil activation which are considered the principal factors of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Optimising management of this chronic inflammatory response is therefore a key issue of basic and clinical CF research. Several reports have addressed ways to manage CF airways inflammation, and an attractive therapeutic strategy may be the inhibition of the p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38-MAP-k) pathway. METHODS A new ex vivo model was used to study the mucosal inflammatory response to environmental airways stimuli. Nasal biopsy tissues from CF patients and controls were cultured ex vivo for 20 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) with and without the p38-MAP-k inhibitor SB203580. Quantitative mRNA assessment, immunohistochemistry, and Western blots were used to detect the expression and modulation of inflammatory markers. RESULTS PA-LPS challenge induced a time dependent mucosal inflammation indicated by rapid epithelial activation, IL-8 release, COX-2 upregulation, and neutrophil migration to the upper mucosal layers. Some of these LPS induced changes (IL-8 release and neutrophil migration) were specific to CF tissues. SB203580 significantly controlled all LPS induced mucosal changes in CF tissues. CONCLUSION These findings provide a rationale and proof of principle for the potential use of p38-MAP-k inhibitors to control inflammation in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raia
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Abstract
Gene therapy (GT) is still at the 'experimental' stage and some recent setbacks have cooled the potential use of this therapeutic tool even in life-threatening conditions. However, this therapeutic approach has a potential, which is not limited to disease for which we have not other option. There are increasing evidence that GT will be soon used in diseases that are not life threatening. One group of diseases that can benefit from GT is the autoimmune one. Several experimental animal models have indicated the efficacy (proof of principle) of GT. In the present review, we have addressed the possibility that even extremely benign autoimmune-like diseases such as Celiac Disease (CD) might one day profit from this type of therapy. We further point that in conditions such as CD, where the trigger is well known and the pathogenic cascade is relatively well defined, a situation not common in autoimmunity, we can even have a better situation where to explore and use GT to control disease initiation and progression. Once the risks that are still intrinsic to GT will have been reduced the therapeutic options we outline in the present review might not appear too far from reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Londei
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Villus atrophy is the most distinctive sign of untreated coeliac disease (CD) and epithelial apoptosis is considered to be involved in this stage of the coeliac lesion. The extent of villus atrophy is, however, not homogeneous and patients with patchy or mild lesions have been described. AIMS To address: (a) the degree of "patchiness" in untreated CD patients; and (b) to clarify if apoptosis, and eventually which trigger drives it, causes epithelial damage. PATIENTS Twenty of 40 untreated, 14 treated coeliac patients, and 15 controls received five or more multiple duodenal biopsies; the remaining 20 untreated CD patients had no more than three biopsies. METHODS All biopsies were analysed to monitor the presence of a "flat" mucosa. Biopsies of 14 untreated, 10 treated coeliacs, and seven controls were cultured with or without gliadin. DNA fragmentation was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL), and FAS and Ki67 expression by immunohistochemistry. Antiendomysium antibodies (EMA) were surveyed in biopsy culture supernatants. RESULTS A pattern of patchy duodenal lesions was observed in all untreated CD patients biopsied up to five times. High enterocyte FAS expression, and a high number of TUNEL+ and Ki67+ enterocytes were detected in areas with villus atrophy but not in those with a normal morphology (p<0.001). Conversely, EMA in culture supernatants and signs of immunological activation were present in all untreated CD biopsies. In vitro gliadin challenge increased the number of TUNEL+ and Ki67+ enterocytes (p<0.001 v cultures with medium alone) only in "flat" biopsies. Neutralising anti-FAS monoclonal antibodies were found to control gliadin induced enterocyte apoptosis (p>0.01) while agonist anti-FAS monoclonal antibody increased it (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patchy lesions are observed in untreated CD mucosa and epithelial FAS engagement is a key trigger in driving villus atrophy in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maiuri
- Department of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Maiuri L, Ciacci C, Vacca L, Ricciardelli I, Auricchio S, Quaratino S, Londei M. IL-15 drives the specific migration of CD94+ and TCR-gammadelta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes in organ cultures of treated celiac patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:150-6. [PMID: 11197245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Celiac disease (CD) is an under-diagnosed but extremely frequent disease, triggered by the ingestion of gliadin. The pathogenic mechanisms of CD are still poorly understood, but intraepithelial lymphocytes are considered to have a key role. We intended to define the subsets of T lymphocytes migrating upon gliadin challenge in organ cultures of treated celiac patients and establish the type of factor(s) driving such an infiltration. METHODS Duodenum biopsies from 10 treated celiacs and 7 controls were cultured in vitro with/without gliadin digest (1 mg/ml) or interleukin (IL)-15 (10 ng/ml). In 7 treated celiacs IL-7, IL-4, and IL-2 were similarly tested. Intraepithelial CD3, CD8, TCR-gammadelta, and CD94 were detected by immunohistochemistry and numbered per mm epithelium. RESULTS IL-15 but not IL-7, IL-4, or IL-2 induced intraepithelial increase of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in celiac and control intestine (p < 0.001 vs cultures with medium). IL-15 induced increases in the number of intraepithelial TCR- gammadelta+ and CD94+ cells only in celiacs (p < 0.001). IL-7 was also effective in increasing intraepithelial TCR-gammadelta+ (but not CD94+) cells in celiac biopsies (p < 0.001). Gliadin induced intraepithelial migration of CD3+, CD8+ (p < 0.001), and CD94+ (p < 0.05) cells in celiacs, but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS The results we describe in this report indicate that IL-15 might have a key role in modulating and driving intraepithelial infiltration and ultimately in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maiuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II Naples, Italy
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11
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Quaratino S, Duddy LP, Londei M. Fully competent dendritic cells as inducers of T cell anergy in autoimmunity. Arthritis Res Ther 2001. [PMCID: PMC3273260 DOI: 10.1186/ar235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Imperial College of Medicine, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, London W6 8LH, UK
| | - LP Duddy
- Imperial College of Medicine, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, London W6 8LH, UK
| | - M Londei
- Imperial College of Medicine, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, London W6 8LH, UK
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Villous atrophy and crypt proliferation are key epithelial features of untreated celiac disease. We tried to define whether cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7, which share chains of their receptors, could influence the epithelial modifications. METHODS Duodenal biopsy specimens (14 treated and 13 untreated celiac patients, 7 controls) were cultured in vitro for 24 hours with or without gliadin (1 mg/mL), IL-15, IL-7, IL-4, or IL-2 (10 ng/mL). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma were also used in some specimens of untreated celiacs. Epithelial expression of Ki67, FAS, and transferrin receptor (TFR) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis by TUNEL technique (percentage of positive enterocytes). IL-15-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in celiac disease and control biopsy specimens; presence of IL-15 was also determined by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Only IL-15 induced enterocyte expression of Ki67, TFR, and FAS in treated celiac (P<0.01 vs. medium) and enterocyte apoptosis in untreated celiac disease specimens. Anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibodies neutralized gliadin-induced enterocyte TFR and FAS expression in treated celiac and enterocyte apoptosis in untreated celiac disease specimens (P<0.05 vs. gliadin). IL-15-positive cells were increased in untreated celiacs (P<0.001 vs. treated celiacs and controls). CONCLUSIONS IL-15 is involved in the modulation of epithelial changes in celiac disease, indicating that this cytokine has an unforeseen role in the pathologic manifestations of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maiuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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13
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Quaratino S, Duddy LP, Londei M. Fully competent dendritic cells as inducers of T cell anergy in autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:10911-6. [PMID: 10984510 PMCID: PMC27123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.190204697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature immunologically competent dendritic cells are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells that powerfully activate T cells and initiate and sustain immune responses. Indeed, dendritic cells are able to efficiently capture antigens, express high levels of costimulatory molecules, and produce the combination of cytokines required to create a powerful immune response. They are also considered to be important in initiating autoimmune disease by efficiently presenting autoantigens to self-reactive T cells that, in this case, will mount a pathogenic autoimmune reaction. Triggering T cells is not a simple on-off procedure, as T cell receptor responds to minor changes in ligand with gradations of T cell activation and effector functions. These "misfit" peptides have been called Altered Peptide Ligands, and have been shown to have important biological significance. Here, we show that fully capable dendritic cells may present, upon natural antigen processing, a self-epitope with Altered Peptide Ligands features that can unexpectedly induce anergy in a human autoreactive T cell clone. These results indicate that presentation of a self-epitope by immunologically competent dendritic cells does not always mean "danger" and show a mechanism involved in the fine balance between activation and tolerance induction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, 1 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom.
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14
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Maiuri L, Auricchio S, Coletta S, De Marco G, Picarelli A, Di Tola M, Quaratino S, Londei M. Blockage of T-cell costimulation inhibits T-cell action in celiac disease. Gastroenterology 1998; 115:564-72. [PMID: 9721153 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease is an exemplary model of T cell-mediated pathology. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that target T cells may successfully control this disease. CTLA-4 immunoglobulin (CTLA-4Ig) can inhibit T-cell activation by blocking the engagement of CD28. We took advantage of this tool to define the pathogenic role of gliadin-specific T cells in the induction of celiac disease. METHODS Duodenal biopsy specimens from 7 treated celiac patients were challenged in vitro with gliadin and CTLA-4Ig or CD40-Ig. After 24 hours, the biopsy specimens were analyzed for the presence of characteristic modifications induced by gliadin challenge. RESULTS CTLA-4Ig down-regulated the expression of CD25, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin 2, and interferon gamma (stained lamina propria mononuclear cells/mm2; P < 0.05) induced by gliadin challenge, caused apoptosis of gliadin-specific T cells (apoptotic T cells/mm2; P < 0.05), and inhibited the production of antiendomysial antibody (P < 0.01). However, it did not control intraepithelial T-cell migration (P = NS) and Fas expression by enterocytes. Conversely, CD40-Ig only controlled production of antiendomysial antibody. CONCLUSIONS In an organ culture model, CTLA-4Ig controls many but not all of the immunologic features of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maiuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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15
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Quaratino S, Londei M. A self-peptide with poor stimulatory activity induces T cell tolerance in a self-reactive human T cell clone. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:309S. [PMID: 9191353 DOI: 10.1042/bst025309s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology Division, London, England
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Morel AS, Quaratino S, Douek DC, Londei M. Split activity of interleukin-10 on antigen capture and antigen presentation by human dendritic cells: definition of a maturative step. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:26-34. [PMID: 9021994 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830270105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human CD1+ CD14- dendritic cells (DC) can be derived from CD14+ monocytes using granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4. We have previously shown that IL-10 pre-treatment of such DC significantly inhibited their antigen-presenting capacity to CD4+ T cell clones. In this study, we further analyze how IL-10 influences antigen presentation. We first investigated whether IL-10 could alter the early stage of antigen presentation, the capture of antigen. This can be mediated by mannose receptor (MR)-mediated endocytosis and by fluid-phase uptake through macropinocytosis. IL-10-treated DC showed an enhancement of both mechanisms of antigen capture, as indicated by the increase of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran uptake through MR and lucifer yellow uptake. However, IL-10-treated DC, irradiated or glutaraldehyde-fixed, were less efficient than untreated DC in stimulating mixed leukocyte reaction as well as in inducing the activation of peptide-specific T cell clones, indicating that IL-10 achieves its effects mainly by modifying the cell surface phenotype of DC. HLA class I and II, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3, B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-3 expression were either significantly increased or essentially unchanged, and the ability to bind the epitope recognized by the T cell clones was also unaffected regardless of IL-10 treatment. Our study also indicates that as-yet unidentified accessory molecules may play an essential role in T cell activation. Thus, the IL-10-treated DC possess an increased capacity to capture antigen, with a concomitant decreased stimulatory activity. Our study suggests that IL-10-treated DC have the characteristics of highly immature DC (high capture ability, low stimulatory potency) and may represent an early maturative step of human DC of monocytic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Morel
- The Mathilda & Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, London, GB
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17
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Guo J, Quaratino S, Jaume JC, Costante G, Londei M, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Autoantibody-mediated capture and presentation of autoantigen to T cells via the Fc epsilon receptor by a recombinant human autoantibody Fab converted to IgE. J Immunol Methods 1996; 195:81-92. [PMID: 8814323 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(96)00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fc epsilon receptor (CD23)-mediated capture of IgE-antigen complexes by B cells provides a powerful antigen presenting system. Our goal was to develop a system using high affinity, human, organ-specific monoclonal autoantibodies for antigen capture by B cells. For this purpose, we converted a recombinant human autoantibody to TPO from a Fab (SP1.4) to an IgE molecule. Sera from all patients with autoimmune thyroid disease contain autoantibodies with the same epitope as SP1.4. The SP1.4 H and L chain V region genes were spliced by overlap PCR to a mammalian, non-immunoglobulin signal peptide and transferred to expression vectors for human IgG1 and kappa, respectively. After inserting the IgE constant region genes into the H chain vector, the kappa and IgE H chain vectors were expressed in SP2/0 cells. SP1.4-IgE retains its high affinity (Kd) for TPO (approximately 2 x 10(-10) M), recognizes the same epitope as Fab SP1.4 and, importantly binds to a different epitope than does Fab TR1.9. Binding of preformed complexes of SP1.4-IgE and biotinylated TPO to EB virus transformed B cells (EBVL) was weakly detectable by flow cytometry and was displaced by unlabeled TPO. SP1.4-IgE/125I-TPO complex binding to EBVL was much more clearly evident, was also inhibited by the addition of unlabeled TPO, and was greatly reduced by preincubation of the EBVL with anti-CD23. Further, autologous EBVL preincubated with SP1.4-IgE/TPO complexes stimulated proliferation of TPO-specific T cells. IgE autoantibody-mediated antigen focusing to B cells is unlikely to operate in vivo but is, instead, a powerful investigative tool. In conclusion, SP1.4-IgE is the first monoclonal human autoantibody to be developed for IgE-mediated antigen presentation to T cells by EBVL. Recombinant human autoantibodies converted to IgE, possibly in combinations if their epitopes permit simultaneous binding to the same molecule, provide a unique system to generate human T cell lines and clones specific for peptides naturally processed from internalized high affinity autoantibody/autoantigen complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Thyroid Molecular Biology Unit (111T), Veterans' Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Quaratino S, Feldmann M, Dayan CM, Acuto O, Londei M. Human self-reactive T cell clones expressing identical T cell receptor beta chains differ in their ability to recognize a cryptic self-epitope. J Exp Med 1996; 183:349-58. [PMID: 8627148 PMCID: PMC2192455 DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of self-antigens by T lymphocytes is a central event in autoimmunity. Understanding of the molecular interactions between T cell receptors (TCR) and self-epitopes may explain how T cells escape thymic education and initiate an autoimmune reaction. We have studied five human in vivo activated T cell clones specific for the region 535-551 of human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) established from a Graves' patient. Three clones (37, 72, and 73) expressed identical TCR beta and alpha chains rearranging V beta 1.1 and V alpha 15.1, and were considered sister clones. Clone 43 differed from clone 37 and its sisters in the J alpha region only. Clone NP-7 expressed V beta 6.5 but rearranged two in-frame TCR alpha chain, both using the V alpha 22.1 segment. Fine epitope mapping using nested peptides showed that clones using identical TCR beta chains, identical V alpha, but a different J alpha recognized distinct, nonoverlapping epitopes in the TPO 535-551 region. This finding shows that a different J alpha region alone leads to a heterogeneous pattern of recognition. This indicates that the "restricted" TCR V region usage sometimes found in autoimmune diseases may not always correspond to identical epitope recognition. To confirm that clones 37 (and its sisters) and 43 recognize different epitopes, the T cell clones were stimulated with a TPO-transfected autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cell line (TPO-EBV) that presents TPO epitopes afer endogenous processing. Only clone 37 and its sisters recognizes the TPO-EBV cell line, suggesting that the epitope recognized by clone 43 is not presented upon endogenous processing. We have shown that thyroid epithelial cells (TEC), the only cells that produce TPO, express HLA class II molecules in Graves' disease and can act as an antigen-presenting cells, presenting TPO after endogenous processing to autoantigen-reactive T cell clones. We tested, therefore, whether autologous TEC induced the same pattern of stimulation as TPO-EBV; T cell clone 37 recognizes the TEC, whereas it is stimulated poorly by the TPO loaded to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Clone 43, which fails to recognize the TPO-EBV, also fails to recognize the TEC, but is activated by exogenous TPO presented by autologous PBMC. These results show that exogenous versus endogenous processing in vivo generates a different TPO epitope repertoire, producing a "cryptic" epitope (epitope not always available for recognition). Our findings define a route by which human self-reactive T cells may escape thymic selection and become activated in vivo, thus possibly leading to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Mathilda & Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Quaratino S, Thorpe CJ, Travers PJ, Londei M. Similar antigenic surfaces, rather than sequence homology, dictate T-cell epitope molecular mimicry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:10398-402. [PMID: 7479792 PMCID: PMC40804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mimicry, normally defined by the level of primary-sequence similarities between self and foreign antigens, has been considered a key element in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Here we describe an example of molecular mimicry between two overlapping peptides within a single self-antigen, both of which are recognized by the same human self-reactive T-cell clone. Two intervening peptides did not stimulate the T-cell clone, even though they share nine amino acids with the stimulatory peptides. Molecular modeling of major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide complexes suggests that both of the recognized peptides generate similar antigenic surfaces, although these are composed of different sets of amino acids. The molecular modeling of a peptide shifted one residue from the stimulatory peptide, which was recognized in the context of the same HLA molecule by another T-cell clone, generated a completely different antigenic surface. Functional studies using truncated peptides confirmed that the anchor residues of the two "mimicking" epitopes in the HLA groove differ. Our results show, for two natural epitopes, how molecular mimicry can occur and suggest that studies of potential antigenic surfaces, rather than sequence similarity, are necessary for analyzing suspected peptide mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Londei M, Dayan C, Feldmann M, Acuto O, Quaratino S. Human autoreactive T-cell clones show flexibility in recognizing overlapping microepitopes, but inflexibility in T-cell receptor usage. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 756:345-8. [PMID: 7645850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Londei
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, Hammersmith, London, England
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21
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Chu NR, Quaratino S, Feldmann M, Londei M. Comparison of peptide and superantigen-induced anergy in a peptide-specific polyclonal human T cell line. Int Immunol 1995; 7:1057-63. [PMID: 8527403 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/7.7.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells recognizing tetanus toxin peptide 'p2' (sequence 830-844) raised in HLA DR6 individuals preferentially express V beta 2 in the TCR. A p2-specific T cell line (60% V beta 2+) was used to compare peptide and superantigen [toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)]-induced clonal anergy. Many experiments consistently revealed that the degree of 'tolerance' or 'clonal anergy' induced by peptide was greater than with the superantigen TSST-1. These results are of interest in a number of contexts. First they suggest that using superantigens or anti-V beta to delete the majority population of T cells may not be sufficient to diminish an autoimmune response. Secondly, the results indicate that induction of anergy of a large proportion of peptide-specific T cells does not lead to a suppressive bystander effect on the remaining responsive T cells. These results emphasize the need to define the dominant autoantigenic epitopes in human autoimmune diseases, since peptide based therapy such as the use of peptide analogues to induce anergy or a change in cytokine profile, is possibly more effective in controlling undesired immune responses than the use of non-antigen, TCR-directed approaches such as superantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Chu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, Hammersmith, London, UK
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22
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Abstract
We have studied the nature of human CD4-CD8- (double negative) alpha beta T cells to determine whether they possess unique characteristics which could further differentiate them from conventional CD4+ or CD8+ (single positive) T cells. We observed that double negative TCR alpha beta+ T cells differ from single positive T cells in the following respects: (i) their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is different, as revealed by the analysis of 47 clones derived from three individuals and by analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) prior to in vitro manipulation; (ii) their in vivo CD3:TCR expression is lower before in vitro manipulation and expansion; (iii) their direct proliferative response to IL-3, which is not mediated by secondary release of other T cell growth factors. These characteristics have also been recently ascribed to murine double negative alpha beta T cells, which develop extrathymically and are considered to be a distinct T cell lineage. Our data suggest that, like their murine counterparts, human double negative alpha beta T cells may represent a distinct T cell lineage which might develop extrathymically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Murison
- Mathilda & Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, London, UK
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23
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Quaratino S, Verhoef A, Kahan M, Londei M. Expression of the identical V beta gene in human T-cell clones does not confer the same pattern of responsiveness to bacterial enterotoxins. Immunology 1993; 78:600-5. [PMID: 8495979 PMCID: PMC1421899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Superantigens are the most potent T-cell mitogens so far described, and are believed to activate virtually all the T lymphocytes bearing the appropriate V beta segment in their T-cell receptor (TcR). In order to determine whether the expression of the identical V beta gene confers the same pattern of responsiveness to bacterial superantigens, we have established a panel of 20 untransformed human T-cell clones expressing the V beta 6.7a gene in their TcR. The V beta usage was defined by immunostaining, using the V beta 6.7a-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) OT145, and confirmed by DNA sequencing of the beta-chain. Although all the clones analysed expressed the same V beta gene, they had disparate patterns of proliferation to challenge with a panel of bacterial enterotoxins. This study demonstrates that the mere expression of the same V beta region by T lymphocytes does not grant an indistinguishable responsiveness to bacterial superantigens. Thus other, as yet undefined, T-lymphocyte components play a key role in the process of T-cell activation induced by bacterial superantigens, influencing the effects mediated by exogenous superantigens on human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, London, U.K
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24
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Quaratino S, Murison G, Knyba RE, Verhoef A, Londei M. Human CD4- CD8- alpha beta+ T cells express a functional T cell receptor and can be activated by superantigens. The Journal of Immunology 1991. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.147.10.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The CD4 and CD8 molecules play an important role in the stimulation of T cells and in the process of thymic education. Most mature T cells express the alpha beta TCR and either CD4 or CD8; however, there is a small population of alpha beta+ TCR T cells that lack both CD4 and CD8. Little is known of the biology of the CD4- CD8- (double-negative) alpha beta+ TCR T cells or the nature of the Ag to which they may respond. These cells not only represent a novel population of T cells but also provide useful biologic tools to study the roles that CD4 and CD8 play in T cell activation. In this study we have addressed two questions. Firstly, whether CD4- CD8- alpha beta+ TCR T cells have functionally active TCR and, secondly, whether CD4 or CD8 is required for the activation of T cells by bacterial enterotoxins. Six double-negative alpha beta+ TCR T cell clones, propagated from two healthy donors, were challenged with a panel of nine bacterial enterotoxins. The V alpha and V beta usage of their TCR was determined by polymerase chain reaction. All of the CD4-CD8- clones proliferated in response to at least one of the enterotoxins, in a V beta-specific manner. The proliferative response of the CD4-CD8- alpha beta+ TCR T cell clones was similar in magnitude to that exhibited by CD4+ T cell clones of known V beta expression. These data clearly show that the CD4 and CD8 molecules are not required for the activation of untransformed human T cells by bacterial enterotoxins. Furthermore, these results indicate that CD4-CD8- alpha beta+ TCR T cells, normally present in all individuals, are not functionally silent, because they can be stimulated via their TCR. Their physiologic role, like that of gamma delta T cells, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
| | - G Murison
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
| | - R E Knyba
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
| | - A Verhoef
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
| | - M Londei
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
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25
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Quaratino S, Murison G, Knyba RE, Verhoef A, Londei M. Human CD4- CD8- alpha beta+ T cells express a functional T cell receptor and can be activated by superantigens. J Immunol 1991; 147:3319-23. [PMID: 1658144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The CD4 and CD8 molecules play an important role in the stimulation of T cells and in the process of thymic education. Most mature T cells express the alpha beta TCR and either CD4 or CD8; however, there is a small population of alpha beta+ TCR T cells that lack both CD4 and CD8. Little is known of the biology of the CD4- CD8- (double-negative) alpha beta+ TCR T cells or the nature of the Ag to which they may respond. These cells not only represent a novel population of T cells but also provide useful biologic tools to study the roles that CD4 and CD8 play in T cell activation. In this study we have addressed two questions. Firstly, whether CD4- CD8- alpha beta+ TCR T cells have functionally active TCR and, secondly, whether CD4 or CD8 is required for the activation of T cells by bacterial enterotoxins. Six double-negative alpha beta+ TCR T cell clones, propagated from two healthy donors, were challenged with a panel of nine bacterial enterotoxins. The V alpha and V beta usage of their TCR was determined by polymerase chain reaction. All of the CD4-CD8- clones proliferated in response to at least one of the enterotoxins, in a V beta-specific manner. The proliferative response of the CD4-CD8- alpha beta+ TCR T cell clones was similar in magnitude to that exhibited by CD4+ T cell clones of known V beta expression. These data clearly show that the CD4 and CD8 molecules are not required for the activation of untransformed human T cells by bacterial enterotoxins. Furthermore, these results indicate that CD4-CD8- alpha beta+ TCR T cells, normally present in all individuals, are not functionally silent, because they can be stimulated via their TCR. Their physiologic role, like that of gamma delta T cells, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quaratino
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
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26
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Murison JG, Quaratino S, Londei M. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of double negative (CD4-CD8-) alpha beta TcR+ T cell clones. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 173:215-20. [PMID: 1833146 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-76492-9_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Murison
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, Hammersmith, London, England
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27
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Musso M, Abbadessa V, Perricone R, Di Miceli F, Quaratino S, Di Caro A, Cajozzo A. Double-stranded RNA excess in hematologic diseases: clinical implications. Haematologica 1989; 74:5-9. [PMID: 2498183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of double-stranded RNA by flow cytometric analysis is an important parameter for discriminating quantitatively between human tumoral and normal cells. We studied double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) measurements using propidium-iodide after DNase treatment in bone marrow and in peripheral blood cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma. The highest incidence of ds-RNA excess (greater than 30%) was observed in patients with acute leukemia (75%), while those displaying it in complete remission phase were 20-25% and in relapse about 80%. A high incidence was also noted in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis (100%) and in patients with multiple myeloma with heavy tumor stage myeloma (78%). We never observed an elevated ds-RNA excess in the control group, formed by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Indeed the specificity of this tumor marker is attested to not only by its high levels in various hematologic malignancies, but also by its absence in normal cells. Hence the importance of its clinical implications in malignant hematologic diseases is confirmed.
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28
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Valbonesi M, Occhini D, Capra C, Frisoni R, Fella M, Quaratino S, Pittaluga PA. Plasma exchange for the management of cyclosporin A-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Artif Organs 1988; 11:209-11. [PMID: 3042634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of hypertriglyceridemia complicating the course of a patient receiving cyclosporin A after bone marrow transplantation. When the patient was seen at the hemapheresis unit the clinical picture was characterized by headache, increasing visual and neurological disturbances. Plasma triglyceride level was 3215 mg/dl. Two plasma exchange sessions reduced triglycerides to 486 mg/dl and halted the disease progression. This may represent the first plasma exchange treatment of cyclosporin A-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valbonesi
- Blood Transfusion Center, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
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29
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Valbonesi M, Valente U, Pellicci R, Piri C, Ferrari M, Frisoni R, Zia S, Quaratino S, Fella M. Thrombotic microangiopathy of the miscellaneous secondary type responding to plasma exchange in a liver transplant recipient. Int J Artif Organs 1988; 11:131-3. [PMID: 3286527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome, clinically and pathologically similar to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has been reported in recipients of tissue transplants, including renal and bone marrow allografts. The diagnosis is made only after other causes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia have been excluded. In this case report we present the outcome of the combination of plasma exchange, dipyridamole and aspirin in the management of a TTP-like syndrome that complicated the post-operative course of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valbonesi
- Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital, Genova, Italy
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