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Bacchin D, Pernice GFA, Pierobon L, Zanella E, Sardena M, Malvestio M, Gamberini L. Co-Design in Electrical Medical Beds with Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16353. [PMID: 36498422 PMCID: PMC9738800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the plethora of instruments present in healthcare environments, the hospital bed is undoubtedly one of the most important for patients and caregivers. However, their design usually follows a top-down approach without considering end-users opinions and desires. Exploiting Human-centered design (HCD) permits these users to have a substantial role in the final product outcome. This study aims to empower caregivers to express their opinion about the hospital bed using a qualitative approach. For a holistic vision, we conducted six focus groups and six semi-structured interviews with nurses, nursing students, social-health operators and physiotherapists belonging to many healthcare situations. We then used thematic analysis to extract the themes that participants faced during the procedures, providing a comprehensive guide to designing the future electrical medical bed. These work results could also help overcome many issues that caregivers face during their everyday working life. Moreover, we identified the User Experience features that could represent the essential elements to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bacchin
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Pierobon
- Human Inspired Technology (HIT) Research Centre, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Zanella
- Human Inspired Technology (HIT) Research Centre, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Luciano Gamberini
- Human Inspired Technology (HIT) Research Centre, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Morris ME, Webster K, Jones C, Hill AM, Haines T, McPhail S, Kiegaldie D, Slade S, Jazayeri D, Heng H, Shorr R, Carey L, Barker A, Cameron I. Interventions to reduce falls in hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6581612. [PMID: 35524748 PMCID: PMC9078046 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls remain a common and debilitating problem in hospitals worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of falls prevention interventions on falls rates and the risk of falling in hospital. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Hospitalised adults. INTERVENTION Prevention methods included staff and patient education, environmental modifications, assistive devices, policies and systems, rehabilitation, medication management and management of cognitive impairment. We evaluated single and multi-factorial approaches. OUTCOME MEASURES Falls rate ratios (rate ratio: RaR) and falls risk, as defined by the odds of being a faller in the intervention compared to control group (odds ratio: OR). RESULTS There were 43 studies that satisfied the systematic review criteria and 23 were included in meta-analyses. There was marked heterogeneity in intervention methods and study designs. The only intervention that yielded a significant result in the meta-analysis was education, with a reduction in falls rates (RaR = 0.70 [0.51-0.96], P = 0.03) and the odds of falling (OR = 0.62 [0.47-0.83], P = 0.001). The patient and staff education studies in the meta-analysis were of high quality on the GRADE tool. Individual trials in the systematic review showed evidence for clinician education, some multi-factorial interventions, select rehabilitation therapies, and systems, with low to moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSION Patient and staff education can reduce hospital falls. Multi-factorial interventions had a tendency towards producing a positive impact. Chair alarms, bed alarms, wearable sensors and use of scored risk assessment tools were not associated with significant fall reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg E Morris
- La Trobe University Academic and Research Collaborative in Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,The Victorian Rehabilitation Centre, Healthscope, Glen Waverley, Victoria, Australia,Address correspondence to: Meg E. Morris, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3186, Australia.
| | - Kate Webster
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cathy Jones
- La Trobe University Academic and Research Collaborative in Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Hill
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terry Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven McPhail
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Australia,Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debra Kiegaldie
- Holmesglen Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Slade
- La Trobe University Academic and Research Collaborative in Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana Jazayeri
- La Trobe University Academic and Research Collaborative in Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hazel Heng
- La Trobe University Academic and Research Collaborative in Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronald Shorr
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leeanne Carey
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Barker
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Silver Chain, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Cameron
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lee DCA, Meyer C, Burton E, Kitchen S, Williams C, Hunter SW, Suttanon P, Hill KD. A survey of nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists in mobility care and gait aid use for hospital patients with dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 44:221-228. [PMID: 35240401 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study described mobility care practice of nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists and gait aid use for hospital patients with dementia. Two surveys, tailored to staff mobility care roles were distributed in Australian hospitals. Physiotherapists and occupational therapists were asked additional questions regarding assessments and factors for prescribing gait aids to patients with dementia. Descriptive statistics for closed-ended and summative content analyses for open-ended questions were undertaken. Nurses (n=56), physiotherapists (n=11) and occupational therapists (n=23) used various practices to ensure ambulation safety for patients with dementia. Nurses and occupational therapists commonly referred patients with dementia to physiotherapists for mobility and gait aid assessments. Therapists predominantly considered the severity of dementia, the person's learning ability and mobility history in deciding about gait aid use. Exploring ways to strengthen nursing and health professional education, and inter-professional practice for safe mobility in patients with dementia, with and without gait aids, could be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Den-Ching A Lee
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; Rehabilitation Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia.
| | - Claudia Meyer
- Rehabilitation Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; Bolton Clarke Research Institute, Bolton Clarke, Forest Hill, Victoria 3131, Australia; Centre for Health Communication and Participation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Su Kitchen
- Sir Charles Gairdner Osbourne Park Health Care Group, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Cylie Williams
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
| | - Susan W Hunter
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Plaiwan Suttanon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Monash University and Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia 3199
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Gerontecnologias e internet das coisas para prevenção de quedas em idosos: revisão integrativa. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2022. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2022ar03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wen MH, Bai D, Lin S, Chu CJ, Hsu YL. Implementation and experience of an innovative smart patient care system: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:126. [PMID: 35093036 PMCID: PMC8801128 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although a patient care system may help nurses handle patients’ requests or provide timely assistance to those in need, there are a number of barriers faced by nurses in handling alarms. Methods The aim of the study was to describe the implementation and experience of an innovative smart patient care system (SPCS). This study applied a cross-sectional descriptive design. We recruited 82 nurses from a medical center in Taiwan, with 25 nurses from a ward that had introduced an SPCS and 57 nurses from wards that used the traditional patient care system (TPCS). The major advantages of the SPCS compared to the TPCS include the specification of alarm purposes, the routing of alarms directly to the mobile phone; the capability of immediate communication via phone; and three-stage bed-exit alerts with low false alarm rate. Results Approximately 56% of nurses in the TPCS wards perceived that the bed-exit alert was easily ignorable, while this rate was reduced to 32% in the SPCS ward. The immediate communication via phone was considered as the most helpful function of the SPCS, with a weighted average score of 3.92/5, and 52% of nurses strongly agreed (5/5) that this function was helpful. The second-highest ranked function was the three-stage bed-exit alert, with an average score of 3.68/5, with approximately 24% of nurses strongly agreeing (5/5) that this function was helpful. The average response time using TPCS was 145.66 s while it was 59.02 s using the SPCS (P < .001). Among the 110 observed alarms in the SPCS ward, none of them were false bed-exit alarms. In comparison, among 120 observed alarms in the TPCS wards, 42 (35%) of them were false bed-exit alarms (P < .001). In this study, we found that 30.91% of alarms using SPCS were processed because nurses received and responded to the alert via mobile phone. Conclusions A smart patient care system is needed to help nurses make more informed prioritization decisions between responding to alarms and ongoing tasks and finally assist them in adjusting their work in various situations to improve work efficiency and care quality.
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Cortés OL, Piñeros H, Aya PA, Sarmiento J, Arévalo I. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials: In-hospital use of sensors for prevention of falls. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27467. [PMID: 34731123 PMCID: PMC8519232 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-hospital falls have become an important public health problem globally. The use of movement sensors with alarms has been studied as elements with predictive capacity for falls at hospital level. However, in spite of their use in some hospitals throughout the world, evidence is lacking about their effectiveness in reducing intra-hospital falls. Therefore, this study aims to develop a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing scientific literature exploring the impact of using sensors for fall prevention in hospitalized adults and the elderly population. METHODS We explored literature based on clinical trials in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, assessing the impact of devices used for hospital fall prevention in adult and elderly populations. The search included databases such as IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases. The critical appraisal was performed independently by two researchers. Methodological quality was assessed based on the ratings of individual biases. We performed the sum of the results, generating an estimation of the grouped effect (Relative Risk, 95% CI) for the outcome first fall for each patient. We assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Results were assessed in three randomized controlled clinical trials, including 29,691 patients. A total of 351 (3%) patients fell among 11,769 patients assigned to the intervention group, compared with 426 (2.4%) patients who fell among 17,922 patients assigned to the control group (general estimation RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04, 1.37, P = .02, I2 = 0%; Moderate GRADE). CONCLUSION Our results show an increase of 19% in falls among elderly patients who are users of sensors located in their bed, bed-chair, or chair among their hospitalizations. Other types of sensors such as wearable sensors can be explored as coadjutants for fall prevention care in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Cortés
- Department of Research and Department of Nursing. Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hillary Piñeros
- Biomedical Engineering student, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Universidad del Rosario - Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro Antonio Aya
- Biomedical Engineer, MSC. Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Universidad del Rosario - Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jefferson Sarmiento
- Electronic Engineer, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Universidad del Rosario - Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Indira Arévalo
- Nurse, Director of Nursing Department. Clínica Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Matinolli H, Mieronkoski R, Salanterä S. Health and medical device development for fundamental care: Scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2019; 29:1822-1831. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Riitta Mieronkoski
- Department of Nursing Science Faculty of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Sanna Salanterä
- Department of Nursing Science Faculty of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
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An Internet of Things Based Bed-Egress Alerting Paradigm Using Wearable Sensors in Elderly Care Environment. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112498. [PMID: 31159252 PMCID: PMC6603575 DOI: 10.3390/s19112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The lack of healthcare staff and increasing proportions of elderly population is alarming. The traditional means to look after elderly has resulted in 255,000 reported falls (only within UK). This not only resulted in extensive aftercare needs and surgeries (summing up to £4.4 billion) but also in added suffering and increased mortality. In such circumstances, the technology can greatly assist by offering automated solutions for the problem at hand. The proposed work offers an Internet of things (IoT) based patient bed-exit monitoring system in clinical settings, capable of generating a timely response to alert the healthcare workers and elderly by analyzing the wireless data streams, acquired through wearable sensors. This work analyzes two different datasets obtained from divergent families of sensing technologies, i.e., smartphone-based accelerometer and radio frequency identification (RFID) based accelerometer. The findings of the proposed system show good efficacy in monitoring the bed-exit and discriminate other ambulating activities. Furthermore, the proposed work manages to keep the average end-to-end system delay (i.e., communications of sensed data to Data Sink (DS)/Control Center (CC) + machine-based feature extraction and class identification + feedback communications to a relevant healthcare worker/elderly) below 1 10 th of a second.
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Abstract
Falls in hospitalized patients are a pressing patient safety concern, but there is a limited body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of commonly used fall prevention interventions in hospitals. This article reviews common study designs and the evidence for various hospital fall prevention interventions. There is a need for more rigorous research on fall prevention in the hospital setting.
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Resnick B, Boltz M. Optimizing Function and Physical Activity in Hospitalized Older Adults to Prevent Functional Decline and Falls. Clin Geriatr Med 2019; 35:237-251. [PMID: 30929885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity, defined as bodily movement that expends energy including such things as bed mobility, transfers, bathing, dressing, and walking, has a positive impact on physical and psychosocial outcomes among older adults during their hospitalization and the post hospitalization recovery period. Despite benefits, physical activity is not the focus of care in the acute care setting. Further there are many barriers to engaging patients in physical activity and fall prevention activities including patient, family and provider beliefs, environmental challenges and limitations, hospital policies, and medical and nursing interventions. This paper provides an overview of falls and physical activity prevalence among acute care patients, challenges to engaging patients in physical activity and falls prevention activities and innovative approaches to increase physical activity and prevent falls among older hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Resnick
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Marie Boltz
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Nursing, 201 Nursing Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Jähne-Raden N, Kulau U, Marschollek M, Wolf KH. INBED: A Highly Specialized System for Bed-Exit-Detection and Fall Prevention on a Geriatric Ward. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1017. [PMID: 30818871 PMCID: PMC6427137 DOI: 10.3390/s19051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In geriatric institutions, the risk of falling of patients is very high and frequently leads to fractures of the femoral neck, which can result in serious consequences and medical costs. With regard to the current numbers of elderly people, the need for smart solutions for the prevention of falls in clinical environments as well as in everyday life has been evolving. METHODS Hence, in this paper, we present the Inexpensive Node for bed-exit Detection (INBED), a comprehensive, favourable signaling system for bed-exit detection and fall prevention, to support the clinical efforts in terms of fall reduction. The tough requirements for such a system in clinical environments were gathered in close cooperation with geriatricians. RESULTS The conceptional efforts led to a multi-component system with a core wearable device, attached to the patients, to detect several types of movements such as rising, restlessness and-in the worst case-falling. Occurring events are forwarded to the nursing staff immediately by using a modular, self-organizing and dependable wireless infrastructure. Both, the hardware and software of the entire INBED system as well as the particular design process are discussed in detail. Moreover, a trail test of the system is presented. CONCLUSIONS The INBED system can help to relieve the nursing staff significantly while the personal freedom of movement and the privacy of patients is increased compared to similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Jähne-Raden
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics University of Braunschweig-Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Ulf Kulau
- Institute of Computer Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Michael Marschollek
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics University of Braunschweig-Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Hendrik Wolf
- Institute of Computer Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Cameron ID, Dyer SM, Panagoda CE, Murray GR, Hill KD, Cumming RG, Kerse N. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 9:CD005465. [PMID: 30191554 PMCID: PMC6148705 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005465.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls in care facilities and hospitals are common events that cause considerable morbidity and mortality for older people. This is an update of a review first published in 2010 and updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions designed to reduce the incidence of falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (August 2017); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2017, Issue 8); and MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and trial registers to August 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of interventions for preventing falls in older people in residential or nursing care facilities, or hospitals. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One review author screened abstracts; two review authors screened full-text articles for inclusion. Two review authors independently performed study selection, 'Risk of bias' assessment and data extraction. We calculated rate ratios (RaR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rate of falls and risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for outcomes such as risk of falling (number of people falling). We pooled results where appropriate. We used GRADE to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-five new trials (77,869 participants) were included in this update. Overall, we included 95 trials (138,164 participants), 71 (40,374 participants; mean age 84 years; 75% women) in care facilities and 24 (97,790 participants; mean age 78 years; 52% women) in hospitals. The majority of trials were at high risk of bias in one or more domains, mostly relating to lack of blinding. With few exceptions, the quality of evidence for individual interventions in either setting was generally rated as low or very low. Risk of fracture and adverse events were generally poorly reported and, where reported, the evidence was very low-quality, which means that we are uncertain of the estimates. Only the falls outcomes for the main comparisons are reported here.Care facilitiesSeventeen trials compared exercise with control (typically usual care alone). We are uncertain of the effect of exercise on rate of falls (RaR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.20; 2002 participants, 10 studies; I² = 76%; very low-quality evidence). Exercise may make little or no difference to the risk of falling (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18; 2090 participants, 10 studies; I² = 23%; low-quality evidence).There is low-quality evidence that general medication review (tested in 12 trials) may make little or no difference to the rate of falls (RaR 0.93, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.35; 2409 participants, 6 studies; I² = 93%) or the risk of falling (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.09; 5139 participants, 6 studies; I² = 48%).There is moderate-quality evidence that vitamin D supplementation (4512 participants, 4 studies) probably reduces the rate of falls (RaR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.95; I² = 62%), but probably makes little or no difference to the risk of falling (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.12; I² = 42%). The population included in these studies had low vitamin D levels.Multifactorial interventions were tested in 13 trials. We are uncertain of the effect of multifactorial interventions on the rate of falls (RaR 0.88, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.18; 3439 participants, 10 studies; I² = 84%; very low-quality evidence). They may make little or no difference to the risk of falling (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.05; 3153 participants, 9 studies; I² = 42%; low-quality evidence).HospitalsThree trials tested the effect of additional physiotherapy (supervised exercises) in rehabilitation wards (subacute setting). The very low-quality evidence means we are uncertain of the effect of additional physiotherapy on the rate of falls (RaR 0.59, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.34; 215 participants, 2 studies; I² = 0%), or whether it reduces the risk of falling (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93; 83 participants, 2 studies; I² = 0%).We are uncertain of the effects of bed and chair sensor alarms in hospitals, tested in two trials (28,649 participants) on rate of falls (RaR 0.60, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.34; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence) or risk of falling (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.24; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence).Multifactorial interventions in hospitals may reduce rate of falls in hospitals (RaR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.01; 44,664 participants, 5 studies; I² = 52%). A subgroup analysis by setting suggests the reduction may be more likely in a subacute setting (RaR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.83; 3747 participants, 2 studies; I² = 0%; low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of multifactorial interventions on the risk of falling (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.09; 39,889 participants; 3 studies; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In care facilities: we are uncertain of the effect of exercise on rate of falls and it may make little or no difference to the risk of falling. General medication review may make little or no difference to the rate of falls or risk of falling. Vitamin D supplementation probably reduces the rate of falls but not risk of falling. We are uncertain of the effect of multifactorial interventions on the rate of falls; they may make little or no difference to the risk of falling.In hospitals: we are uncertain of the effect of additional physiotherapy on the rate of falls or whether it reduces the risk of falling. We are uncertain of the effect of providing bed sensor alarms on the rate of falls or risk of falling. Multifactorial interventions may reduce rate of falls, although subgroup analysis suggests this may apply mostly to a subacute setting; we are uncertain of the effect of these interventions on risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Cameron
- The University of SydneyJohn Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical SchoolReserve RoadSt LeonardsNSWAustralia2065
| | - Suzanne M Dyer
- DHATR Consulting120 Robsart StreetParksideSouth AustraliaAustralia5063
| | - Claire E Panagoda
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSt LeonardsNSWAustralia2065
| | - Geoffrey R Murray
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health DistrictAged Care, Rehabilitation and Palliative CareWarrawongAustralia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health SciencesGPO Box U1987PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia6845
| | - Robert G Cumming
- Sydney Medical School, University of SydneySchool of Public HealthRoom 306, Edward Ford Building (A27)Fisher RoadSydneyNSWAustralia2006
| | - Ngaire Kerse
- University of AucklandDepartment of General Practice and Primary Health CarePrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand
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Wickramasinghe A, Ranasinghe DC, Fumeaux C, Hill KD, Visvanathan R. Sequence Learning with Passive RFID Sensors for Real-Time Bed-Egress Recognition in Older People. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2017; 21:917-929. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2576285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Effectiveness of a Batteryless and Wireless Wearable Sensor System for Identifying Bed and Chair Exits in Healthy Older People. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16040546. [PMID: 27092506 PMCID: PMC4851060 DOI: 10.3390/s16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging populations are increasing worldwide and strategies to minimize the impact of falls on older people need to be examined. Falls in hospitals are common and current hospital technological implementations use localized sensors on beds and chairs to alert caregivers of unsupervised patient ambulations; however, such systems have high false alarm rates. We investigate the recognition of bed and chair exits in real-time using a wireless wearable sensor worn by healthy older volunteers. Fourteen healthy older participants joined in supervised trials. They wore a batteryless, lightweight and wireless sensor over their attire and performed a set of broadly scripted activities. We developed a movement monitoring approach for the recognition of bed and chair exits based on a machine learning activity predictor. We investigated the effectiveness of our approach in generating bed and chair exit alerts in two possible clinical deployments (Room 1 and Room 2). The system obtained recall results above 93% (Room 2) and 94% (Room 1) for bed and chair exits, respectively. Precision was >78% and 67%, respectively, while F-score was >84% and 77% for bed and chair exits, respectively. This system has potential for real-time monitoring but further research in the final target population of older people is necessary.
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Eldridge SM, Lancaster GA, Campbell MJ, Thabane L, Hopewell S, Coleman CL, Bond CM. Defining Feasibility and Pilot Studies in Preparation for Randomised Controlled Trials: Development of a Conceptual Framework. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150205. [PMID: 26978655 PMCID: PMC4792418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a framework for defining pilot and feasibility studies focusing on studies conducted in preparation for a randomised controlled trial. To develop the framework, we undertook a Delphi survey; ran an open meeting at a trial methodology conference; conducted a review of definitions outside the health research context; consulted experts at an international consensus meeting; and reviewed 27 empirical pilot or feasibility studies. We initially adopted mutually exclusive definitions of pilot and feasibility studies. However, some Delphi survey respondents and the majority of open meeting attendees disagreed with the idea of mutually exclusive definitions. Their viewpoint was supported by definitions outside the health research context, the use of the terms 'pilot' and 'feasibility' in the literature, and participants at the international consensus meeting. In our framework, pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies, rather than the two being mutually exclusive. A feasibility study asks whether something can be done, should we proceed with it, and if so, how. A pilot study asks the same questions but also has a specific design feature: in a pilot study a future study, or part of a future study, is conducted on a smaller scale. We suggest that to facilitate their identification, these studies should be clearly identified using the terms 'feasibility' or 'pilot' as appropriate. This should include feasibility studies that are largely qualitative; we found these difficult to identify in electronic searches because researchers rarely used the term 'feasibility' in the title or abstract of such studies. Investigators should also report appropriate objectives and methods related to feasibility; and give clear confirmation that their study is in preparation for a future randomised controlled trial designed to assess the effect of an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Eldridge
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Gillian A. Lancaster
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Campbell
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sally Hopewell
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Coleman
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M. Bond
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Marschollek M, Künemund H. [Gerontechnology between acceptance and evidence: results of the Lower Saxony Research Network "Design of Environments for the Ageing"]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 47:639-40. [PMID: 25348949 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-014-0828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Marschollek
- Peter L. Reichertz Institut für Medizinische Informatik, TU Braunschweig und Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland,
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