[Prediction of outcome in ST elevation myocardial infarction by the extent of ST segment deviation recovery. Which method is best?]

Renal Dysfunction as a Predictor of Slow-Flow/No-Reflow Phenomenon and Impaired ST Segment Resolution After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Initial Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Grade 0

BACKGROUND

The slow-flow/no-reflow phenomenon and impaired ST segment resolution (STR) following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) predict unfavorable prognosis and are characterized by obstruction of the coronary microvascular. Several predictors of slow-flow/no-reflow have been revealed, but few studies have investigated predictors of slow-flow/no-reflow and STR exclusively in acute myocardial infarction patients with initial Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Grade 0.Methods and Results:In all, 279 STEMI patients with initial TIMI Grade 0 were enrolled in the study. Slow-flow/no-reflow was defined as TIMI Grade <3 by angiography after PCI, and impaired STR was defined as STR <50% on an electrocardiogram after PCI. Slow-flow/no-reflow was observed in 31 patients. In multivariate analysis, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; odds ratio [OR] 0.97; P=0.007), a history of cerebrovascular disease (OR 4.65, P=0.007), time to recanalization ≥4 h (OR 2.76, P=0.023), and systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg (OR 3.45, P=0.046) were independent predictors of slow-flow/no-reflow. Impaired STR was observed in 102 of 248 patients with TIMI Grade 3. In multivariate analysis, eGFR (OR 0.94, P<0.001) and occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (OR 4.48, P<0.001) were independent predictors of impaired STR; eGFR was the only independent predictor of both slow-flow/no-reflow and impaired STR.

CONCLUSIONS

Renal dysfunction may be related to coronary microvascular dysfunction and obstruction.

Impact of ST-segment resolution on clinical outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function

BACKGROUND

Patients with successful reperfusion and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI)have always been thought to have low risk for adverse events. Great interest is focused on finding simple, noninvasive tools to refine risk stratification among them.

OBJECTIVES

We hypothesized that degree of ST-segment resolution (STR) after STEMI can identify high-risk group among patients with LVEF ≥ 50% following STEMI.

METHODS

During the period from January to July 2017, patients with successful reperfusion of STEMI and LVEF ≥ 50% were prospectively included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the percent of ST segment resolution using single lead STR method; group I (complete STR ≥ 70%) and group II (partial STR 50%-70%). The endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, re-hospitalization for heart failure and urgent revascularization at 30-day.

RESULTS

After exclusion, 110 patients were left for final analysis. No significant differences in all baseline characteristics were found between both groups. The primary endpoint occurred in seven patients (12.7%) of group I versus 17 patients (30.9%) of group II (Relative risk = 2.43, 95%CI = 1.1-5.4, p = 0.021) driven by a significant reduction in rates of re-hospitalization due to heart failure. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed incomplete STR to be a significant independent predictor for 30-dayMACEs (OR 3.25, 95% CI1.2-8.83, p = 0.02) even after adjustment for location of infarction.

CONCLUSION

Complete STR predicts 30-day outcome in patients with preserved LVEF following successful reperfusion of STEMI.

Post thrombolytic resolution of ST elevation in STEMI patients

OBJECTIVE

To study the effect of timing of thrombolytic therapy, cardiac risk factors and site of infarction on S.T. resolution post thrombolysis in STEMI patients.

METHODS

This was a descriptive hospital based study conducted at the Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. The duration of our study was 5 months from February 2015 to June 2015. Diagnosis of STEMI in symptomatic patients was based on the ECG recognized. Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Time from onset of chest pain to presentation of patients in emergency was noted through history of patients along with time of streptokinase. ECG recordings of patients were taken upon presentation in Emergency. Serial ECG monitoring was done after administration of Streptokinase (SK). ST resolution was observed in the lead with the maximum ST elevation. Data were presented as frequencies and percentages, chi square test was applied.

RESULTS

Among 83 patients with STEMI 50.6% were males and 49.4% were females with the age group range of 30-83 years. Fifty nine patients (71.08%) with STEMI underwent thrombolysis within 12 hours of onset of chest pain while 24 patients (28.92%), underwent thrombolysis after 12 hours of onset of chest pain. Out of the 59 patients who received thrombolytic therapy before 12 hours, 43 (72.88%)completely resolved, while those who received thrombolytic therapy after 12 hours none of them completely resolved as per ECG findings. By applying chi-square test it gives us value of 36.470, and p-value <0.001. In our study 28 patients were diabetic and out of these six (21.43%) completely resolved as per ECG post thrombolysis, 9 (32.14%) partially resolved and 13 (46.43%) failed to resolve. On the other hand, in non-diabetics out of 55, 37 (67.27%) completely resolved, 12 (21.82%) partially resolved and 6 (10.91%) failed to resolve. Among 61 hypertensive, 26 (42.62%) had complete resolution and in 22 who were non-hypertensive, 17 (77.27%)had complete resolution on ECG. Hyperlipidemia and site of infarction didn't have statistically significant effect on the resolution of ECG post thrombolysis in STEMI patients.

CONCLUSION

Patients with diabetes, hypertension and those who receive thrombolysis after 12 hours of onset of chest pain respond poorly to thrombolytic therapy as per ECG findings whereas hyperlipidemia and site of infarction don't affect the response of STEMI patients to thrombolysis.