1
|
Patil T, Ali S, Eppes D, Lee A, Jarmukli N. Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation with and without low bodyweight. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00428-8. [PMID: 39047944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist on the safety and effectiveness of using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation aged 80 years or more with and without low bodyweight (LBW). OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using DOACs in this population compared with warfarin. METHODS This retrospective active comparator new-user cohort study included veteran patients with atrial fibrillation who were newly initiated on either warfarin or DOACs between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2021. The primary outcome was incidence of major bleeding and ischemic stroke. All outcomes were compared between treatment groups in 2 propensity score-matched cohorts of patients aged 80 years older with (AW) and without LBW (age-only cohort). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS Matched AW and age-only cohorts included 493 and 11 909 patients, respectively, in each of the DOAC and warfarin exposure groups. Greater than 90% were male, with a mean age of ∼87 years. The rate of major bleeding was lower in the DOAC group compared with warfarin in both the AW (aHR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87) and age-only cohorts (aHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49-0.77). A significantly lower rate of ischemic stroke occurred in the DOAC group compared with warfarin in the AW cohort (aHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84) and age-only cohort (aHR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.58-0.68). CONCLUSION DOAC use was associated with lower risk of major bleeding and ischemic stroke compared with warfarin in patients aged 80 years or older with and without LBW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Patil
- Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, Virginia, USA.
| | - Salihah Ali
- Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, Virginia, USA
| | - Davida Eppes
- Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, Virginia, USA
| | - Aliza Lee
- Department of Podiatry, Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, Virginia, USA
| | - Nabil Jarmukli
- Department of Cardiology, Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elshafei MN, Salem M, El-Bardissy A, Abdelmoneim MS, Khalil A, Elhadad S, Al Mistarihi M, Danjuma M. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Low Body Weight Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-023-07537-x. [PMID: 38165553 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents are established as the anticoagulation strategy of choice for a variety of clinical risks. Despite this, uncertainty still exists with regard to their efficacy and safety for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in some patient populations; most notably those with low body weight (LBW) (<60 kg or body mass index [BMI] <18 kg/m2). Currently, there is a paucity of trial and non-trial data to support a prescriptive recommendation for their use in these patient cohorts. We have carried out a pooled systematic review of the most up to date published data of patients stabilized on various DOAC analogs with the view to ascertaining the exact matrices of their efficacy and safety in these cohorts of patients. METHODS We initially carried out a comprehensive search of databases from inception to June 2023 for eligible studies exploring the efficacy and safety of various analogs of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation who had low body weight. Databases accessed include PubMed, EMBASE, the Science Citation Index, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness. We carried out a weighted comparison of derived pooled odd ratios (with their corresponding confidence intervals) of mortality outcomes between various DOACs using the random effects model. RESULTS Thirteen studies (n = 165,205 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. DOAC analogs were associated with increased stroke-related events, composite outcome, and mortality in low body weight patients compared to non-low body weight patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.92), (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.86), (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.87-4.58), respectively. There was no significant difference in the safety outcome (major bleeding events) between the DOAC analogs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.93-1.52). DISCUSSION In this meta-analytical review comprising both real-world and randomized controlled studies, the use of DOAC analogs in low body weight patients (body weight of <60 kg or BMI<18 kg/m2) with atrial fibrillation was associated with increased risks of stroke-related events, composite outcomes, and mortality compared to non-low body weight cohorts patients. At the same time, there was no significant difference in terms of major bleeding events. This finding has provided the first resolution of pervading uncertainty surrounding the use of DOAC analogs in these patient cohorts and suggests the need for follow-up confirmatory systematic studies in this group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Salem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed El-Bardissy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Khalil
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Mohammed Danjuma
- Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Huang N, Chen X, Jiang S, Zhang W, Hu W, Su J, Dai H, Gu P, Huang X, Du X, Li R, Zheng Q, Lin X, Zhang Y, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhu Z, Sun J, Hong S, She W, Zhang J. Association between Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A New Piece of Evidence on the Obesity Paradox from China. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:715-727. [PMID: 35394582 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a multicenter real-world study in China to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). METHOD This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study conducted in 15 centers in China. We collected demographic information through the hospital information system and obtained clinical events through follow-up visits to patients or relatives. Clinical outcomes include major, minor, total bleeding, thromboembolism, and all-cause death. RESULT A total of 6164 patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) were included in this study. The incidence of major bleeding in patients with NVAF differed significantly by BMI category (P < 0.001), with 5.2% in the underweight group, 2.6% in the normal group, 1.4% in the overweight group, 1.1% in the obese I group, and 1.3% in the obese II group. There was no significant difference in minor, total bleeding, and thrombosis in the five groups (P = 0.493; P = 0.172; P = 0.663). All-cause death was significantly different among the five groups (P < 0.001), with 8.9% in the underweight group, 6.3% in the normal group, 4.8% in the overweight group, 2.2% in the obese I group, and 0.4% in the obese II group. High BMI was negatively associated with major bleeding (OR = 0.353, 95% CI 0.205-0.608), total bleeding (OR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.445-0.991), and all-cause death (OR = 0.370, 95% CI 0.260-0.527). CONCLUSION In patients with NVAF treated with DOACs, higher BMI was associated with lower major bleeding and better survival. BMI was a negative correlate of total bleeding, but not minor bleeding and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, #29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Nianxu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taikang Tongji(Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuling Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 408099, China
| | - Shaojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, #29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde City, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Hengfen Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350009, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Qiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangsheng Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Pingtan County General Laboratory Area Hospital, Fujian, 350400, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, 154002, China
| | - Lang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266041, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of He'nan University of Chinese Medicine (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Shanshan Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Weibin She
- Department of Medical Administration, Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, #29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adverse events in low versus normal body weight patients prescribed apixaban for atrial fibrillation. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 55:680-684. [PMID: 36715882 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in low weight patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear due to few low body weight patients enrolled in clinical trials. To assess bleeding and thrombotic event rates for patients with AF that are prescribed apixaban and have a low versus normal body weight. We analyzed patients with AF prescribed apixaban from 2017 to 2020 with at least 12 months of follow-up. Patients were divided into low [< 60 kg (kg)] and normal (60-100 kg) weight cohorts. Bleeding and thrombotic event rates were compared. Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted adverse event rates. A total of 545 patients met inclusion criteria. In the unadjusted analysis, there was an increase in non-major bleeding events requiring an Emergency Department visit more often in the low versus normal weight cohort (10.8 versus 7.4 per 100 patient-years, p = 0.15). Thrombotic event rates also occurred more often in the lower versus normal weight cohort (2.4 versus 0.9 per 100 patient-years, p = 0.09). However, adjusted analysis found no statistically significant difference in bleeding or thrombotic events between low and normal weight cohorts. The adjusted hazard ratio for bleeding was similar between the two weight cohorts. The use of apixaban in low body weight patients was not associated with higher rates of bleeding or thrombotic events, compared to those with normal body weight, after adjusting for potential confounding covariates. Larger studies may offer further insight into the overall safety and efficacy of DOAC therapy in these patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Domínguez-Erquicia P, Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, Bouzon-Iglesias P, Parada-Barcia JA, Lizancos-Castro A, González-García A, Noriega-Caro VA, Ledo-Piñeiro A, Iglesias-Otero C, González-Bermúdez I, Íñiguez-Romo A. Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Under Oral Anticoagulation Therapy Analyzed by Body Weight (<60, 60 to 100, and >100 kg). Am J Cardiol 2022; 184:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Fatal adverse events of rivaroxaban combined with aspirin: an analysis using data from VigiBase. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:1521-1526. [PMID: 35776157 PMCID: PMC9365742 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of fatal adverse events (AEs) of rivaroxaban combined with aspirin and to underline the importance of the rational use of drugs. Methods The WHO global database of reported potential side effects of medicinal products (VigiBase) was searched for fatal AEs in the combined use of rivaroxaban and aspirin, and the clinical characteristics of those cases with sufficient information (vigiGrade completeness score ≥ 0.80) were analyzed. Results By January 19, 2020, 2309 fatal adverse event reports of rivaroxaban combined with aspirin from 21 countries were entered in VigiBase. One hundred and twenty cases contained further information, of which 42 were female (35%) and 78 were male (65%). The median age was 75 (range 34 to 93) years, and 109 cases (91%) were elderly patients (≥ 65 years). The AEs listed in the fatal case reports included bleeding in 114 cases (mainly intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 59 and 46 respectively, accounting for 88%) and ischemic events in six cases (ischemic stroke in three, acute myocardial infarction in two, myocardial infarction combined with acute liver failure in one). Among the patients with bleeding events, 108 (95%) had existing risk factors for bleeding or for interacting with aspirin or rivaroxaban. These may be divided into the following: diseases (hypertension, renal impairment, history of stroke, peptic ulcer, or previous bleeding), drugs (high dose aspirin, antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, P-gp inhibitors/CYP3A4 inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), or other factors (e.g., elderly, low body weight, or excessive intake of ginger, fish oil, or alcohol). There were 45 cases with two or more of these risk factors in addition to rivaroxaban and aspirin. Patients with ischemic events are often in very high-risk groups of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or self-discontinuation of treated drugs. Medication errors occurred in 24 patients (20%): excessive treatment in 17 cases, contraindication in three, frequency error in two, excessive treatment combined with contraindication in one, and self-discontinuation in one. Conclusions Fatal AEs related to rivaroxaban combined with aspirin, including bleeding and ischemic events, have been reported mostly in the elderly, and sometimes involved medication errors. The fatal AEs mainly manifested as serious bleeding, and most of them occurred in patients with concurrent multiple risk factors. Monitoring coagulation during rivaroxaban treatment is recommended in very high-risk ASCVD populations, and attention should be paid to prevention of medication errors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Russo V, Attena E, Baroni M, Trotta R, Manu MC, Kirchhof P, De Caterina R. Clinical Performance of Oral Anticoagulants in Elderly with Atrial Fibrillation and Low Body Weight: Insight into Italian Cohort of PREFER-AF and PREFER-AF Prolongation Registries. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133751. [PMID: 35807032 PMCID: PMC9267647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elderly patients are at high risk of both ischaemic and bleeding events, and the low body weight is considered a risk factor for major bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on anticoagulation therapy. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus well-controlled vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) therapy among AF patients aged >75 years and with a body weight <60 kg in a prospective registry setting. Methods: Data for this study were sourced from the Italian cohorts of PREFER in AF and PREFER in AF PROLONGATION registries. The occurrence of a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack and systemic embolism (thromboembolic events) was the primary effectiveness endpoint. The occurrence of major bleeding was the primary safety endpoint. All-cause hospitalizations and all-cause death were the secondary endpoints. The net clinical benefit (NCB) was calculated in order to obtain an integrated assessment of the anti-thromboembolic and pro-haemorrhagic effects of NOACs vs. VKA. Results: Overall, 522 patients were included; 225 were on treatment with NOACs and 317 patients with VKA. The NOAC group more frequently featured a higher BMI and a higher prevalence of history of stroke/TIA and insulin-requiring diabetes; conversely, heart failure and chronic liver disease were less frequent in the NAOC group. In the unmatched study population, 18 patients (3.6% in the NOAC vs. 3.2% in the VKA group, p = 0.79) experienced thromboembolic events; 19 patients (1.78% in the NOAC vs. 4.73% in the VKA group, p = 0.06) experienced major bleeding events; and 68 patients were hospitalized during the follow-up (9.3% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.06). After balancing for potential confounders by using the 1:1 propensity score matching technique, 426 patients (213 on NOAC and 213 on VKA) were selected. We found no significant differences in terms of thromboembolic events (3.76% vs. 4.69%, p = 0.63), major bleeding events (n: 1.88% vs. 4.22%, p = 0.15) and hospitalizations (9.9% vs. 16.9%, p = 0.06) between NOAC vs. VKA matched population. Based on these incidences, we found a positive net clinical benefit (+1.6) of NOACs vs. VKAs. Conclusions: These real-world data suggest the safety and effectiveness of using NOACs in elderly patients with low body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilio Attena
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Matteo Baroni
- Cardiologia 3–A. De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda Ca’Granda, Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberta Trotta
- Medical Affairs Department, Daiichi Sankyo, 00142 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Chair of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti, 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dalal J, Poncha F, Bansal S, Das A, Gupta P, Ghosh D, Rohatgi A, Hiremath MS, Bhargava K, Gopi A, Mali M. Expert Opinion on the Use of Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation for the Primary Care Setting in India: A Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25102. [PMID: 35733454 PMCID: PMC9205292 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, is linked with substantial morbidity and mortality due to accompanying risk of stroke and thromboembolism. Patients with AF are at a five-fold higher risk of suffering from a stroke. Anticoagulation therapy, with either vitamin K antagonists or novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), is a standard approach to reduce the risk. Consultant physicians (CPs) in India are the primary point of contact for the majority of patients before they approach a specialist. The CPs may face challenges in screening and diagnosing AF patients. The apprehensions associated with managing AF patients with anticoagulants, further add to the challenges of a CP. This review aimed to identify the key decision points for the CPs to diagnose AF and initiate anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) and bring to the table a simplified recommendation supported by expert opinion and guidelines for stroke prevention in NVAF patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bodega F, Russi A, Melillo F, Blunda F, Rubino C, Leo G, Cappelletti A, Mazzone P, Mattiello P, Della Bella P, Castiglioni A, Alfieri O, De Bonis M, Montorfano M, Tresoldi M, Filippi M, Salerno A, Cera M, Zangrillo A, Alberto M, Godino C. Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and extreme body weight. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13658. [PMID: 34310688 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited clinical data exist describing the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patient with extreme body weight. Thus, the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) recommends avoiding DOACs in patients with weight >120 Kg, and on the contrary, no restrictions exist for underweight patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of extreme body weight on DOAC activity and to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with an extreme body weight versus patients with a normal weight (61-119 Kg) treated with DOACs. METHODS Single tertiary care Italian centre multidisciplinary registry including nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients treated with DOACs. Based on weight, three subcohorts were defined: (i) underweight patients (≤60 Kg); (ii) patients with a normal weight (61-119 Kg, as control group); and (iii) overweight patients (≥120 Kg). Primary efficacy endpoint was 2-year rate of thromboembolic events. Primary safety endpoint was 2-year rate of major bleeding. Event-free survival curves among groups were compared using Cox-Mantel test. RESULTS 812 NVAF patients were included, 108 patients weighed ≤60 Kg (13%, underweight), 688 weighed between 61 and 119 Kg (85%, normal weight), and 16 weighed ≥120 Kg (2%, overweight). In particular, among underweight patients, dabigatran was prescribed in 26% patients, apixaban in 27%, rivaroxaban in 28% and edoxaban in 22% ones. Instead, among overweight patients, 44% were treated with dabigatran, 25% with apixaban, 25% with rivaroxaban and 4% with edoxaban. Underweight patients were older, more frequently women, with lower creatinine clearance and a history of previous strokes, resulting in higher CHA2DS2-VASc score than in both remaining groups. Up to 2 years, no statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups of weight for thromboembolic events (P = .765) and for overall bleeding (P = .125), but a trend towards decreased overall bleeding rates was noticed as weight increased (24.1% vs 16.7% vs 12.5%, respectively). CONCLUSION In this tertiary care centre registry, 15% of patients treated with DOACs presented an extreme weight. Compared to patients with a normal weight, no significant rates of thromboembolic events were observed for underweight or overweight patients. A trend towards decreased overall bleeding frequency as weight increased was highlighted up to 2 years. The present results should be considered as preliminary and hypothesis generating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Russi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Blunda
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Rubino
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Leo
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Mazzone
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Mattiello
- Information Systems Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Bella
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ottavio Alfieri
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Montorfano
- Interventional Cardiovascular Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Moreno Tresoldi
- General Medicine and Advanced Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Salerno
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Cera
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cosmo Godino
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Navarro-Almenzar B, Cerezo-Manchado JJ, García-Candel F. Real life behaviour of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and morbid obesity. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 37:100913. [PMID: 34825048 PMCID: PMC8603013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia worldwide and the main cause of anticoagulation, being direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) increasingly used in this context. On the other hand, obesity is a known risk thromboembolic factor. In the clinical trials that led to the approval of DOAC for ischemic stroke prevention, patients with morbid obesity were underrepresented. The International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis suggests not using these drugs in morbid obese patients. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to analyse the rates of mortality, thrombotic and haemorrhagic events in patients with morbid obesity. As secondary objectives, factors statistically associated with these events were analysed. Methods: multicentre retrospective study that included patients diagnosed with AF on treatment with DOAC from January 2013 to December 2016. The subgroup of patients with morbid obesity (BMI > 40 and / or weight > 120 kg) was analysed. Mean follow-up was 1.7 years. Results: Amongst 2,492 patients included in the study, 135 patients had morbid obesity (mean age was 71 ± 11 years). The mean scores of the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED risk scales were 3.7 ± 1.6 and 2.2 ± 0.9, respectively. Neither differences were found regarding mortality (5.2 vs 6/100 patient-years, p = 0.662), ischemic stroke (0.8 vs 1.9/100 patient-years, p = 0.261) and major bleeding rates (3 vs 3.1/100 patient-years, p = 0.983) between morbidly obese population and general population. Nor was there an association found between the degree of obesity and any of the events studied. Conclusion: DOAC are safe and effective in morbidly obese patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chao T, Joung B, Takahashi Y, Lim TW, Choi E, Chan Y, Guo Y, Sriratanasathavorn C, Oh S, Okumura K, Lip GYH. 2021 Focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:1389-1426. [PMID: 34887945 PMCID: PMC8637102 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The consensus of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) has been published in 2017 which provided useful clinical guidance for cardiologists, neurologists, geriatricians, and general practitioners in Asia-Pacific region. In these years, many important new data regarding stroke prevention in AF were reported. The Practice Guidelines subcommittee members comprehensively reviewed updated information on stroke prevention in AF, and summarized them in this 2021 focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the APHRS on stroke prevention in AF. We highlighted and focused on several issues, including the importance of AF Better Care (ABC) pathway, the advantages of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for Asians, the considerations of use of NOACs for Asian patients with AF with single 1 stroke risk factor beyond gender, the role of lifestyle factors on stroke risk, the use of oral anticoagulants during the "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) pandemic, etc. We fully realize that there are gaps, unaddressed questions, and many areas of uncertainty and debate in the current knowledge of AF, and the physician's decision remains the most important factor in the management of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tze‐Fan Chao
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoshihide Takahashi
- The Department of Advanced Arrhythmia ResearchTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Toon Wei Lim
- National University Heart CentreNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Eue‐Keun Choi
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yi‐Hsin Chan
- Microscopy Core LaboratoryChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaoyuanTaiwan
- College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Microscopy Core LaboratoryChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yutao Guo
- Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | | | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of CardiologySaiseikai Kumamoto HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Liverpool & Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpoolUK
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Montinari MR, Minelli S, De Caterina R. Eighty years of oral anticoagulation: Learning from history. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106918. [PMID: 34537376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the year 2021 we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the first clinical use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), the mainstay of prevention and long-term treatment of thromboembolic disease. The discovery and development of oral anticoagulants is one of the most important chapters in the history of medicine, a goal pursued by physicians trying to combat the clinical manifestations of thrombosis since ancient times. Until the last decade, VKAs were the only oral anticoagulants available and used in clinical practice. Today, their clinical use has progressively shrunk, as the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly replacing VKAs in various conditions after the successful completion of several large randomized controlled trials. Currently, new research is tackling upstream components of the intrinsic pathway - particularly factor XI and factor XII - for the development of new, even safer anticoagulants promising to reduce bleeding without compromising efficacy. This review highlights the evolution of oral anticoagulant therapy tracing the key stages of a long and fascinating history that has unfolded from the first part of the twentieth century until today, indeed an intriguing journey where serendipity is intertwined with the tenacious work of many researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Montinari
- Chair of History of Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Chair of Cardiology, University of Pisa, University Cardiology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione VillaSerena, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kropacheva ES, Khakimova MB, Krivosheeva EN, Zemlyanskaya OA, Panchenko EP. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants (based on REGistry of long-term AnTithrombotic TherApy – REGATTA). TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:1037-1043. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.09.201019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background. The rate of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants is 25% per year. Gastrointestinal bleedings are at least a half of major hemorrhagic complications. Currently, there is no optimal scale to calculate the risk of bleeding, and therefore the search for clinical predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding remains relevant.
Aim. To assess the frequency and structure of large gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as to identify clinical predictors of their development based on long-term prospective observation of patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants.
Materials and methods. Data were obtained from single center prospective REGistry of long-term AnTithrombotic TherApy (REGATTA NCT043447187). Investigation based on a 20-year follow-up with 510 patients with atrial fibrillation with a high thromboembolic risk (median CHA2DS2-VASc was 4 points). The REGATTA registry assessed the frequency and structure of major gastrointestinal bleeding. Predictors of the development of 32 large gastrointestinal bleeding were identified based on the analysis of pairs with univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results. The frequency of major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants at 1 year was 1.42 per 100 patients; the predominant localization was upper gastrointestinal tract. Predictors of the development of major gastrointestinal bleeding according to multiple regression data analysis were hemoglobin level 14.55 g/dL, body mass index 28.4 kg/m2, gastrointestinal ulcer or erosive lesion and major hemorrhagic complications in history of disease. In 1/2 cases the sourse of bleeding remained unclear.
Conclusion. Searching for clinical predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding can identify patients receiving oral anticoagulants who is need of intensive monitoring risk factors to prevent the development of life-threatening bleeding and to provide with adequate anticoagulant therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Boriani G, De Caterina R, Manu MC, Souza J, Pecen L, Kirchhof P. Impact of Weight on Clinical Outcomes of Edoxaban Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Included in the ETNA-AF-Europe Registry. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2879. [PMID: 34209595 PMCID: PMC8269173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremes of body weight may alter exposure to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and thereby impact clinical outcomes. This ETNA-AF-Europe sub-analysis assessed 1-year outcomes in routine care patients with atrial fibrillation across a range of body weight groups treated with edoxaban. METHODS ETNA-AF-Europe is a multinational, multicentre, observational study conducted in 825 sites in 10 European countries. Overall, 1310, 5565, 4346 and 1446 enrolled patients were categorised into ≤60 kg, >60-≤80 kg (reference weight group), >80-≤100 kg and >100 kg groups. RESULTS Patients weighing ≤60 kg were older, more frail and had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score vs. the other weight groups. The rates of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding and ICH were low at 1 year (0.82, 1.05 and 0.24%/year), with no significant differences among weight groups. The annualised event rates of all-cause death were 3.50%/year in the overall population. After adjustment for eGFR and CHA2DS2-VASc score, the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher in extreme weight groups vs. the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Low rates of stroke and bleeding were reported with edoxaban, independent of weight. The risk of all-cause death was higher in extremes of weight vs. the reference group after adjustment for important risk modifiers, thus no obesity paradox was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Chair of Cardiology, Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
| | | | - José Souza
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Zielstattstraße 48, 81379 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Ladislav Pecen
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18207 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, SWBH and UHB NHS Trusts, Birmingham B152TT, UK
- The Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berger JS, Laliberté F, Kharat A, Lejeune D, Moore KT, Jung Y, Lefebvre P, Ashton V. Real-world effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin among non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with obesity in a US population. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:881-890. [PMID: 33733969 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1901223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current evidence indicates that the pharmacokinetic profile of rivaroxaban is not significantly impacted by body weight. However, real-world data are needed to better assess the potential clinical benefits and risks associated with rivaroxaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with obesity. Thus, our objectives were to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin among NVAF patients with obesity in the US nationally representative commercially-insured population. METHODS Health insurance claims data from the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database (January 2010-September 2019) were used to identify NVAF patients with obesity (based on diagnosis codes) initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for imbalances between groups. Study outcomes of interest were evaluated up to 36 months post-treatment initiation and included the composite of stroke or systemic embolism (stroke/SE) and major bleeding. Outcomes were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 10,555 patients were initiated on rivaroxaban and 5080 patients on warfarin. Following IPTW, the risk of stroke/SE was 26% lower among patients prescribed rivaroxaban relative to warfarin (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.91, p = .004) at 36 months. Rivaroxaban-initiated patients had a risk of major bleeding similar to that of warfarin-initiated patients (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.02, p = .085). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that rivaroxaban is an effective and safe treatment option among NVAF patients with obesity in a commercially-insured US population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akshay Kharat
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ferrari F, da Silveira AD, Martins VM, Franzoni LT, Zimerman LI, Stein R. Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: What's New in the Literature. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:120-130. [PMID: 32332235 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and it is associated with a significant risk of adverse events, especially ischemic stroke. Oral anticoagulation is the cornerstone for stroke prevention in AF; for many years, only vitamin K antagonists were used for this purpose, with an absolute risk reduction >60%. However, these agents have limitations, such as narrow therapeutic margins and drug-food and drug-drug interactions. More recently, 4 direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs)-non-vitamin K antagonists-have become available for patients with AF: dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. In addition to a comparable efficacy to warfarin in large randomized controlled trials, DOACs were found to promote a lower risk of intracranial bleeding. The strategic dosage and lack of need for periodic prothrombin-time testing make their use attractive, especially for primary or secondary prevention of stroke in older adults. Furthermore, among patients with AF presenting with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, apixaban is associated with a reduction in serious bleeding events when compared with warfarin. On the other hand, there is no evidence of benefit of DOACs in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves or moderate/severe mitral stenosis. Furthermore, the suitability of DOACs in patients with liver disease is still poorly understood, and their safety in patients requiring renal replacement therapy remains uncertain. This review provides an overview of the main trials of DOACs, their pharmacology and safety profile, clinical implications, and best indications in light of the current evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Ferrari
- From the Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Cardiology Research Group (CardioEx), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Donelli da Silveira
- From the Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Cardiology Research Group (CardioEx), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Magnus Martins
- From the Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Tolfo Franzoni
- From the Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Cardiology Research Group (CardioEx), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Stein
- From the Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Cardiology Research Group (CardioEx), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Steffel J, Collins R, Antz M, Cornu P, Desteghe L, Haeusler KG, Oldgren J, Reinecke H, Roldan-Schilling V, Rowell N, Sinnaeve P, Vanassche T, Potpara T, Camm AJ, Heidbüchel H, Lip GYH, Deneke T, Dagres N, Boriani G, Chao TF, Choi EK, Hills MT, Santos IDS, Lane DA, Atar D, Joung B, Cole OM, Field M. 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Europace 2021; 23:1612-1676. [PMID: 33895845 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steffel
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Collins
- Age-Related Health Care, Tallaght University Hospital / Department of Gerontology Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthias Antz
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pieter Cornu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Group Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Desteghe
- Cardiology, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Oldgren
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Sinnaeve
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - A John Camm
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University, London, UK
| | - Hein Heidbüchel
- Cardiology, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Clinic for Interventional Electrophysiology, Heart Center RHÖN-KLINIKUM Campus Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Dagres
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan & Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Itamar de Souza Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dan Atar
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oana Maria Cole
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Field
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Renon F, Rago A, Liccardo B, D'Andrea A, Riegler L, Golino P, Nigro G, Russo V. Direct Oral Anticoagulants Plasma Levels Measurement: Clinical Usefulness from Trials and Real-World Data. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:150-160. [PMID: 33636746 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) activity is not routinely necessary. Indeed, evaluation of DOACs plasmatic concentration is discouraged for the majority of patients, due to the lack of outcome data supporting this approach. Nevertheless, DOAC measurements may be useful in emergency situations such as serious bleeding events, need for urgent invasive procedures, and acute ischemic stroke or in managing anticoagulation in "special populations" not adequately studied in clinical trials, for example the very elderly or those at the extremes of body weight. The aim of this review is to describe and summarize the methods for DOACs activity evaluation and the settings in which their plasma level measurement may be indicated, analyzing indications from scientific societies and evidence from clinical trials, as well as real world data on the usefulness of DOACs plasma levels "monitoring."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Renon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rago
- Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Care, Umberto I Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Lucia Riegler
- Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Care, Umberto I Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nigro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dobesh PP, Kernan MM, Lueshen JJ. Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism: Use in Patients with Advanced Renal Impairment, Obesity, or Other Weight-Related Special Populations. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:233-249. [PMID: 33601428 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There are currently more than 7 million patients taking a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), with more new prescriptions per year than warfarin. Despite impressive efficacy and safety data for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, patients with obesity or advanced renal impairment represented a small portion of the patients enrolled in the phase 3 clinical trials. Therefore, to evaluate the potential use of DOACs in these special populations, clinicians need to have an understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents in these settings. Since data from randomized controlled trials are limited, data from observational trials are helpful in gaining comfort with the use of DOACs in these special populations. Selecting the appropriate dose for each agent is imperative in achieving optimal patient outcomes. We provide an extensive review of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, phase 3 clinical trials, and observational studies on the use of DOACs in patients with advanced renal impairment, obesity, or other weight-related special populations to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of the data for optimal drug and dose selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Dobesh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Molly M Kernan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jenni J Lueshen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beyer-Westendorf J. Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: Practical Considerations and Remaining Issues. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:35-41. [PMID: 33588453 DOI: 10.1055/a-1329-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing thromboembolic events, while minimizing bleeding risks, remains challenging when managing patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite large and successful trial programs, several clinical concerns remain which commonly relate to fears of over- or underexposure to drugs and unfavorable outcomes. After a short summary of the main phase III trial findings, this short review discusses the evidence and clinical relevance of common clinical concerns (correct direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC] dosing; DOAC in moderate-to-severe renal impairment; and the relevance of fasting, nasogastric tube feeding, or high body mass index) on DOAC plasma levels. Finally, the need for specific DOAC antidotes will be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beyer-Westendorf
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine I, Division Hematology, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus" Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mai V, Marceau-Ferron E, Bertoletti L, Lacasse Y, Bonnet S, Lega JC, Provencher S. Direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with obesity: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105317. [PMID: 33246169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants' (DOAC) pharmacokinetics are affected by obesity. Their efficacy and safety in obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and morbid obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m2) are still unclear in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy/safety of DOAC versus vitamin K antagonist (VKA)/low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the treatment of VTE in patients with obesity and morbid obesity. The primary efficacy/safety outcomes were VTE recurrence and major bleeding (MB). Clinically relevant non-MB and mortality were also evaluated. METHODS A systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science) identified studies evaluating DOAC in the treatment of VTE in patients with obesity and reporting one of the outcomes. Relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS We included 21 studies (50,360pts) of which 16,150 patients had a BMI≥30 kg/m2 and 6443 patients had a BMI≥40 kg/m2. VTE recurrence was similar with DOAC compared to VKA/LMWH in patients with obesity (RR 1.03;95 %CI 0.93-1.15;p = 0.55) and morbid obesity (RR 1.06;95 %CI 0.94-1.19;p = 0.35). DOAC were also associated with a reduction in MB (RR 0.57;95 %CI 0.34-0.94;p = 0.03 and RR 0.71;95 %CI 0.50-1.00;p = 0.05 in patients with obesity and morbid obesity, respectively). Subgroup analyses comparing randomized controlled trials to observational studies showed consistent results. No difference was observed in regards of clinically relevant non-MB and mortality. CONCLUSION There is no signal for differences in VTE recurrence in patients with obesity and morbid obesity treated with DOAC compared to VKA/LMWH, while DOAC likely reduce the risk of MB compared to VKA/LMWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Mai
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, (http://phrg.ca)
| | - E Marceau-Ferron
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - L Bertoletti
- Department of Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine, CHU de St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Université Jean-Monnet, UMR 1059, SAINBIOSE, St-Etienne, France; INSERM CIC 1408, St-Etienne, France; Groupe d'Etude Multidisciplinaire des Maladies Thrombotiques (GEMMAT), Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Y Lacasse
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - S Bonnet
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, (http://phrg.ca); Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - J C Lega
- Groupe d'Etude Multidisciplinaire des Maladies Thrombotiques (GEMMAT), Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France; Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - S Provencher
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, (http://phrg.ca); Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Russo V, Attena E, Di Maio M, Carbone A, Parisi V, Rago A, Grieco FV, Buonauro A, Golino P, Nigro G. Non-vitamin K vs vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients aged > 80 year with atrial fibrillation and low body weight. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13335. [PMID: 32696449 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octogenarian patients are at high risk of both ischaemic and bleeding events, and the low body weight is considered a risk factor for major bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on anticoagulation therapy. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of NOACs versus well-controlled VKA therapy among patients aged > 80 year with AF and low body weight in real-life setting. METHODS Data for this study were sourced from the multicenter prospectively maintained Atrial Fibrillation Research Database (NCT03760874). From this, we selected AF patients aged ≥ 80 years and weighted ≤ 60 kg who received NOACs or VKAs treatment (only those with a time in therapeutic range > 70%). 279 patients (136 in NOAC group and 143 in VKA group) were selected. RESULTS A total of 71 patients (17 in NOAC vs 54 in VKA group) died during the follow-up. The incidence rate of all-cause mortality was 27.70 per 100 person-years (14.91 in NOAC vs 37.94 in VKA group, adjusted hazard ratio 0.43; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.975; P = .003). 22 patients (9 in NOAC vs 13 in VKA group, P = .6) had major bleeding events. Diabetes mellitus, COPD and age resulted positively associated with death, whereas NOACs, parossistic AF and weight negatively associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our real-world data might suggest the safe and efficacy use of NOACs in this setting of population, justified by a reduction in overall mortality over VKAs. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Attena
- Department of Cardiology, Health Authority Naples 2 North, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Di Maio
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreina Carbone
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rago
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Golino
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nigro
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Comparison of Dabigatran Plus a P2Y 12 Inhibitor With Warfarin-Based Triple Therapy Across Body Mass Index in RE-DUAL PCI. Am J Med 2020; 133:1302-1312. [PMID: 32389658 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) affects drug levels of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. We sought to assess whether BMI affected outcomes in the RE-DUAL PCI trial. METHODS RE-DUAL PCI (NCT02164864) evaluated the safety and efficacy of a dual-antithrombotic-therapy regimen using dabigatran (110 mg or 150 mg twice daily and a P2Y12 platelet antagonist) in comparison with triple therapy of warfarin, aspirin, and a P2Y12 platelet inhibitor in 2725 patients with atrial fibrillation who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We compared the risk of first International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH)-defined major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events (primary endpoint) and the composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic embolism, or unplanned revascularization (main efficacy endpoint) in relation to baseline BMI. RESULTS Median (range) BMI was 28.1 (14-66) kg/m2. Dabigatran dual therapy versus warfarin triple therapy had relevantly and similarly lower rates of bleeding at both 110 mg and 150 mg twice-daily doses, irrespective of BMI. Thromboembolic event rates appeared consistent across categories of BMI, including those <25 and ≥35 kg/m2 (P for interaction: 0.806 and 0.279, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The reduction in bleeding with dabigatran dual therapy compared with warfarin triple therapy in patients here evaluated appears consistent across BMI categories.
Collapse
|
24
|
Russo V, Bottino R, Rago A, Papa AA, Liccardo B, D'Onofrio A, Golino P, Nigro G. Clinical Performance of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Real-World Obese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Semin Thromb Hemost 2020; 46:970-976. [PMID: 33105504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity has steadily increased. Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been shown to be more effective and safer than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for long-term stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular AF. There are still limited data in the literature regarding performance of NOACs in obese patients with AF in the “real world.” The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of NOACs versus well-controlled VKA therapy in obese AF patients in a “real-world” setting. Here, we have considered patients with AF and obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) on NOAC or VKA therapy included in the multicenter Atrial Fibrillation Research Database (NCT03760874). The occurrence of major bleedings (MBs) and thromboembolic events (composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolism) was respectively considered primary safety and effectiveness outcomes. We identified 1,047 AF patients with obesity who received NOAC (n = 272) or VKA (n = 775) treatment. After propensity score matching analysis, 248 NOAC and 496 VKA recipients with similar clinical characteristics, including BMI (34.8 ± 3.4 in NOAC vs. 35.1 ± 3.8 in the VKA group; p = 0.50), were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 39 ± 7 months. The incidence rate of thromboembolic events was 1.10 per 100 person-years (0.67 in NOAC vs. 1.28 in the VKA group; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22–1.22; p = 0.19). The incidence rate of MB was 1.9 per 100 person-years (1.1 in NOAC vs. 2.28 in the VKA group; HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24–0.88; p = 0.04). The incidence rate of intracranial hemorrhage was 0.4 per 100 person-years (0.27 in NOAC vs. 0.47 in the VKA group; HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.12–2.73; p = 0.48). A positive net clinical benefit (NCB) of NOACs over VKAs was found (+0.91). Presence of anemia (HR: 1.75; p = 0.003) and concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs (HR: 2.41; p = 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of MB; moreover, age (HR: 1.65; p = 0.003) was an independent predictor of thromboembolic events. Our data support the hypothesis of safe and effective use of NOACs in patients with AF and obesity, justified by a statistically significant lower incidence of MB and a favorable NCB over VKAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rago
- Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio D'Onofrio
- Departmental Unit of Electrophysiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Arrhythmias, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nigro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boriani G, Ruff CT, Kuder JF, Shi M, Lanz HJ, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Giugliano RP. Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation at the Extremes of Body Weight: An Analysis from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:140-149. [PMID: 32920808 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of anticoagulants at extremes of body weight (BW) are not well described. The aim of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes in patients randomized to warfarin, higher dose edoxaban (HDER), and lower dose edoxaban (LDER) regimens at extremes of BW in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed three BW groups: low BW (LBW: <5th percentile, ≤55 kg, N = 1,082), middle BW (MBW: 45th-55th percentile, 79.8-84 kg, N = 2,153), and high BW (HBW: >95th percentile, ≥120 kg, N = 1,093). In the warfarin arm, LBW patients had higher rates of stroke/systemic embolism (SSE: 6.5 vs. 4.7 in MBW vs. 1.6% in HBW, P trend < 0.001), major bleeding (MB: 9.3 vs. 7.7 vs. 6.5%, P trend = 0.08), and worse net clinical outcome of systemic embolic event, MB, or death (31.5 vs. 19.1 vs. 16.0%, P trend < 0.0001). The time-in-therapeutic range with warfarin was lowest in LBW patients (63.0 vs. 69.3 vs. 70.1% patients, P trend < 0.001). The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of edoxaban was consistent across BW groups. The risk of SSE was similar between HDER and warfarin for each of the three weight groups (P int = 0.52, P int-trend = 0.86). MB was reduced by LDER versus warfarin (P int = 0.061, P int-trend = 0.023), especially in LBW patients. Net clinical outcomes were improved by HDER versus warfarin (P int = 0.087, P int-trend = 0.027), especially in LBW patients. CONCLUSION Patients with LBW in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 had in general a more fragile clinical status and poorer international normalized ratio control. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of edoxaban was consistent across extremes of BW, resulting in similar efficacy compared with warfarin, while major or clinically relevant non-MB and net outcomes were most favorable with edoxaban as compared to warfarin in LBW patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Christian T Ruff
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Julia F Kuder
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Minggao Shi
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, United States
| | | | - Elliott M Antman
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert P Giugliano
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Terrier J, Daali Y, Fontana P, Csajka C, Reny JL. Towards Personalized Antithrombotic Treatments: Focus on P2Y 12 Inhibitors and Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:1517-1532. [PMID: 31250210 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs are commonly prescribed to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as venous and arterial thrombosis, which represent the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A significant percentage of patients taking antithrombotics will nevertheless experience bleeding or recurrent ischemic events, and this represents a major public health issue. Cardiovascular medicine is now questioning the one-size-fits-all policy, and more personalized approaches are increasingly being considered. However, the available tools are currently limited and they are only moderately able to predict clinical events or have a significant impact on clinical outcomes. Predicting concentrations of antithrombotics in blood could be an effective means of personalization as they have been associated with bleeding and recurrent ischemia. Target concentration interventions could take advantage of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and population-based pharmacokinetic (POPPK) models, which are increasingly used in clinical settings and have attracted the interest of governmental regulatory agencies, to propose dosages adapted to specific population characteristics. These models have the benefit of combining parameters from different sources, such as experimental in vitro data and patients' demographic, genetic, and physiological in vivo data, to characterize the dose-concentration relationships of compounds of interest. As such, they can be used to predict individual drug exposure. In the near future, these models could therefore be a valuable means of predicting personalized antithrombotic blood concentrations and, hopefully, of preventing clinical non-response or bleeding in a given patient. Existing approaches for personalization of antithrombotic prescriptions will be reviewed using practical examples for P2Y12 inhibitors and direct oral anticoagulants. The review will additionally focus on the existing PBPK and POPPK models for these two categories of drugs. Lastly, we address potential scenarios for their implementation in clinics, along with the main limitations and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Terrier
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Csajka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoffmann C, Leven C, Le Mao R, De Moreuil C, Lacut K. [Direct oral anticoagulants: In which indications? Which one to prescribe? For or against their use in frail patients and in atypical cases? Which monitoring and management haemorrhage complications?]. Rev Med Interne 2020; 41:598-606. [PMID: 32674901 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since their approval, the direct oral anticoagulants have been widely used in the management of venous thromboembolism, for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in non valvular atrial fibrillation, and in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after surgical hip or knee replacement. Because they are easy to use, with oral fixed doses and no biological monitoring need, they are more and more prescribed. New indications are rising in cancer associated thrombosis in France beyond the 6 first months of treatment, and to prevent cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome, or in stable coronary or peripheral arterial disease in Europe. The efficacity and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in frail patients or in unusual pathological contexts are not entirely known, but further data are coming and will probably bring new answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hoffmann
- GETBO EA 3878, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Vasculaire et Pneumologie, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France.
| | - C Leven
- GETBO EA 3878, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Département de Biochimie Pharmaco-Toxicologie, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - R Le Mao
- GETBO EA 3878, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Vasculaire et Pneumologie, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - C De Moreuil
- GETBO EA 3878, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Vasculaire et Pneumologie, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - K Lacut
- GETBO EA 3878, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Vasculaire et Pneumologie, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ieko M, Ohmura K, Naito S, Yoshida M, Sakuma I, Ikeda K, Ono S, Suzuki T, Takahashi N. Novel assay based on diluted prothrombin time reflects anticoagulant effects of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors: Results of multicenter study in Japan. Thromb Res 2020; 195:158-164. [PMID: 32707358 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants targeting factor Xa (DXaIs) are administered as prophylaxis for various venothrombotic diseases without routine monitoring required. However, assessment of their anticoagulant effects is necessary to prevent severe events, including major bleeding and/or refractory thrombosis. OBJECTIVES We examined the correlation of ratio of inhibited thrombin generation (RITG), determined using a novel assay based on dilute prothrombin time (dPT), with coagulant markers and laboratory test results to show drug effects. In addition, RITG usefulness as a confirmation test for DXaI therapy was investigated. METHODS Citrated plasma samples were obtained from patients treated with rivaroxaban (n = 882), apixaban (n = 1214), or edoxaban (n = 820) at 4 different institutions in Japan. Laboratory tests, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer, and plasma concentrations of DXaIs, were conducted, with drug concentrations divided into peak and trough groups, within and after 5 h of administration. RESULTS In each DXaI group, RITG was positively correlated with PT, APTT, and drug concentration, and negatively with D-dimer. RITG fluctuation during the peak and trough periods reflected the anticoagulant activity characteristic of each DXaI, which was different from blood concentration fluctuations. RITG showed a significant decrease in cases with thrombosis, while that was increased in those with hemorrhage. CONCLUSION We developed RITG, a novel measurement method based on dPT. RITG represents residual coagulation ability in plasma samples, and is useful for assessment of bleeding and thrombotic tendencies in DXaI patients. RITG can be utilized to confirm the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation therapy with DXaI agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ieko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Ohmura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sumiyoshi Naito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Caress Sapporo Hokko Memorial Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kozue Ikeda
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinoda General Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shouko Ono
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Patti G, Pecen L, Manu MC, Huber K, Rohla M, Renda G, Siller-Matula J, Ricci F, Kirchhof P, Caterina RD. Thromboembolic and bleeding risk in obese patients with atrial fibrillation according to different anticoagulation strategies. Int J Cardiol 2020; 318:67-73. [PMID: 32574823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the relationship between body mass index (BMI), thromboembolic events (TEE) and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are controversial, and further evidence on the risk of such events in obese patients with AF receiving different anticoagulant therapies (OAC) is needed. METHODS AND RESULTS We divided a total of 9330 participants from the prospective PREFER in AF and PREFER in AF PROLONGATION registries into BMI quartiles at baseline. Outcome measures were TEE and major bleeding complications at the 1-year follow-up. Without OAC, there was a ≥6-fold increase of TEE in the 4th vs other BMI quartiles (P = .019). OAC equalized the rates of TEE across different BMI strata. The occurrence of major bleeding was highest in patients with BMI in the 1st as well as in the 4th BMI quartile [OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.78, P = .039 and OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.13-3.04, P = .014 vs those in the 3rd quartile, respectively]. At propensity score-adjusted analysis, the incidence of TEE and major bleeding in obese patients receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or vitamin K-antagonist anticoagulants (VKAs) was similar (P ≥ .34). CONCLUSIONS Our real-world data suggest no obesity paradox for TEE in patients with AF. Obese patients are at higher risk of TEE, and here OAC dramatically reduces the risk of events. We here found a comparable clinical outcome with NOACs and VKAs in obese patients. Low body weight and obesity were also associated with bleeding, and therefore OAC with the best safety profile should be considered in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy.
| | - Ladislav Pecen
- Medical Faculty Pilsen of Charles University, Czech Republic; Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklos Rohla
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Giulia Renda
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Jolanta Siller-Matula
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham and SWBH and UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Obesity Paradox in Atrial Fibrillation: Implications for Outcomes and Relationship with Oral Anticoagulant Drugs. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2020; 20:125-137. [PMID: 31583532 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-019-00374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last 40 years, concern about the obesity epidemic has increased. Data from the current literature highlight a strong relationship between obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in relation to an increased risk for incident and recurrent AF. A phenomenon called the "obesity paradox" has emerged: the apparently counterintuitive evidence from epidemiological data indicating that overweight and obese patients may have a better prognosis than healthy-weight patients. A differential impact of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in terms of effectiveness and safety in the various body mass index categories has been postulated, particularly in the comparison between non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists. This review aims to summarize the evidence on the impact of obesity in patients with AF, focusing on descriptions of the obesity paradox and its relationships with OAC treatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Jilek C, Lewalter T. [Anticoagulation and comorbidities]. MMW Fortschr Med 2020; 162:36-44. [PMID: 32189262 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-020-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Jilek
- Peter Osypka Herzzentrum München, Internistisches Klinikum München Süd, Am Isarkanal 36, D-81379, München, Deutschland.
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Peter Osypka Herzzentrum München, Internistisches Klinikum München Süd, Am Isarkanal 36, D-81379, München, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nishimoto Y, Yamashita Y, Morimoto T, Saga S, Amano H, Takase T, Hiramori S, Kim K, Oi M, Akao M, Kobayashi Y, Yoshikawa Y, Shiomi H, Kato T, Makiyama T, Ono K, Sato Y, Kimura T. Validation of the VTE-BLEED score's long-term performance for major bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolisms: From the COMMAND VTE registry. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:624-632. [PMID: 31785073 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently proposed VTE-BLEED score to predict the risk of major bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) on prolonged anticoagulation therapy was validated externally in randomized controlled trials and in a selected cohort, but not applied in non-selective cohorts. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the generalizability of the VTE-BLEED score in a non-selective cohort. PATIENTS/METHODS The COMMAND VTE Registry is a multicenter retrospective registry enrolling consecutive patients with acute symptomatic VTEs among 29 centers in Japan. The present study population consisted of 2124 patients with prolonged anticoagulation therapy beyond 30 days, including 2008 (95%) patients with a first VTE episode and 1075 (51%) with unprovoked VTEs, who were divided into 1445 patients (68%) with a VTE-BLEED score of ≥2 (high-risk group) and 679 (32%) with a VTE-BLEED score of <2 (low-risk group). RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 672 days, major bleeding events occurred in 121 patients. The cumulative 5-year incidence of major bleeding beyond 30 days was significantly higher in the high-risk group than low-risk group (13.2% versus 5.4%, P < .001). The hazard function curves demonstrated that the hazards of the high-risk group were consistently higher over time compared with the low-risk group, which suggested the long-term predictive ability of the score. CONCLUSIONS In the present real-world VTE registry, the VTE-BLEED score had a long-term predictive ability for high-risk patients with major bleeding during prolonged anticoagulation therapy, which could be useful in determining the optimal duration of anticoagulation therapy in individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nishimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yugo Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Saga
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Hidewo Amano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toru Takase
- Department of Cardiology, Kinki University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hiramori
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kokura, Japan
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Maki Oi
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masaharu Akao
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeru Makiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihito Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Javed S, Gupta D, Lip GYH. Obesity and atrial fibrillation: making inroads through fat. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2020; 7:59-67. [PMID: 32096865 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions, paralleled by a rise in cases of atrial fibrillation (AF). Data from epidemiological cohorts support the role of obesity as an independent risk factor for AF. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity may contribute to the AF substrate through a number of pathways including by altering epicardial adipose tissue biology, inflammatory pathways, structural cardiac remodelling, and inducing atrial fibrosis. Due to changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, specific therapeutic considerations are required to guide management of patients with AF including anticoagulation and rhythm control. Also, weight loss in patients with AF has been associated with reduced progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF and indeed regression from persistent to proximal AF. However, the role of dietary intervention in AF control remains to be fully elucidated and hard prospective outcome data to support weight loss are required in AF to determine its role as part of a comprehensive risk factor management strategy for AF in obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Javed
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee SR, Choi EK, Park CS, Han KD, Jung JH, Oh S, Lip GYH. Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Low Body Weight. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:919-931. [PMID: 30819360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether the overall effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are consistent in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and extremely low body weight (<50 kg). OBJECTIVES This study compared DOACs with warfarin in AF patients with low body weight. METHODS Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from January 2014 to December 2016, AF patients with body weight ≤60 kg and who were treated with oral anticoagulants (n = 14,013 taking DOACs and n = 7,576 taking warfarin) were included and examined for ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), gastrointestinal bleeding, major bleeding, all-cause death, and composite outcome. The propensity score weighting was used to balance the 2 groups. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the 2 groups (mean age 73 years, mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 4, and 28% of patients weighed <50 kg). DOACs were associated with lower risks of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.591; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.510 to 0.686) and major bleeding (HR: 0.705; 95%: CI 0.601 to 0.825), which were caused by a reduction in ICH (HR: 0.554; 95% CI: 0.429 to 0.713) compared with warfarin. DOAC improved the net clinical benefit compared with warfarin (HR for composite outcome: 0.660; 95% CI: 0.606 to 0.717), and this was consistent in patients who weighed <50 kg (HR for composite outcome: 0.665; 95% CI: 0.581 to 0.762). CONCLUSIONS In this real-world Asian AF population with low body weight, DOACs showed better effectiveness and safety than warfarin. These results were consistent in patients with extremely low body weight. Regular dosages of DOACs showed comparable results as reduced dosages of DOACs in both effectiveness and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ryoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Soon Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Chest & Heart Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee SR, Choi EK, Han KD, Jung JH, Oh S, Lip GYH. Optimal Rivaroxaban Dose in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Normal or Mildly Impaired Renal Function. Stroke 2020; 50:1140-1148. [PMID: 30913984 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.024210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Although rivaroxaban 15 mg (R15) was only given to patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≤50 mL/min in the pivotal clinical trial, this dose has been commonly prescribed in Asian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation regardless of renal function. There is a paucity of information on the clinical outcomes of R15 compared with rivaroxaban 20 mg (R20) in patients with CrCl ≥50 mL/min. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of 2 doses of rivaroxaban in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation and CrCl ≥50 mL/min. Methods- Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients with atrial fibrillation and normal or mildly impaired renal function (CrCl ≥50 mL/min) and naive to rivaroxaban or warfarin were included from January 2014 to December 2016. Three separate 1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts were conducted: R20 versus warfarin (n=15 584), R15 versus warfarin (n=11 554), and R20 versus R15 (n=10 392). Hazard ratios for ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, major bleeding, all-cause death, and composite clinical outcome were analyzed. Results- Compared with warfarin, both R20 and R15 showed significantly lower risk for ischemic stroke, major bleeding (mainly through reduction of intracranial hemorrhage), and all-cause death. Compared with R15, R20 showed better results for the composite clinical outcome (hazard ratio, 0.852; 95% CI, 0.735-0.988). This benefit was consistently observed in patients aged ≥80 years and those <50 kg. R20 was associated with higher risk of major bleeding than R15 in patients with marginal CrCl (50-60 mL/min). Conclusions- Among Asians with atrial fibrillation and CrCl ≥50 mL/min, both R20 and R15 were associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, major bleeding, and all-cause death without significantly increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding compared with warfarin. In patients with CrCl ≥50 mL/min, on-label R20 showed better results for the composite clinical outcome compared with off-label R15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ryoung Lee
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-R.L.)
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (E.-K.C., S.O.)
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (K.-D.H., J.-H.J.)
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (K.-D.H., J.-H.J.)
| | - Seil Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (E.-K.C., S.O.)
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Chest and Heart Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, Albaladejo P, Antz M, Desteghe L, Haeusler KG, Oldgren J, Reinecke H, Roldan-Schilling V, Rowell N, Sinnaeve P, Collins R, Camm AJ, Heidbüchel H. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:1330-1393. [PMID: 29562325 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1287] [Impact Index Per Article: 257.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current manuscript is the second update of the original Practical Guide, published in 2013 [Heidbuchel et al. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013;15:625-651; Heidbuchel et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015;17:1467-1507]. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are an alternative for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and have emerged as the preferred choice, particularly in patients newly started on anticoagulation. Both physicians and patients are becoming more accustomed to the use of these drugs in clinical practice. However, many unresolved questions on how to optimally use these agents in specific clinical situations remain. The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) set out to coordinate a unified way of informing physicians on the use of the different NOACs. A writing group identified 20 topics of concrete clinical scenarios for which practical answers were formulated, based on available evidence. The 20 topics are as follows i.e., (1) Eligibility for NOACs; (2) Practical start-up and follow-up scheme for patients on NOACs; (3) Ensuring adherence to prescribed oral anticoagulant intake; (4) Switching between anticoagulant regimens; (5) Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of NOACs; (6) NOACs in patients with chronic kidney or advanced liver disease; (7) How to measure the anticoagulant effect of NOACs; (8) NOAC plasma level measurement: rare indications, precautions, and potential pitfalls; (9) How to deal with dosing errors; (10) What to do if there is a (suspected) overdose without bleeding, or a clotting test is indicating a potential risk of bleeding; (11) Management of bleeding under NOAC therapy; (12) Patients undergoing a planned invasive procedure, surgery or ablation; (13) Patients requiring an urgent surgical intervention; (14) Patients with AF and coronary artery disease; (15) Avoiding confusion with NOAC dosing across indications; (16) Cardioversion in a NOAC-treated patient; (17) AF patients presenting with acute stroke while on NOACs; (18) NOACs in special situations; (19) Anticoagulation in AF patients with a malignancy; and (20) Optimizing dose adjustments of VKA. Additional information and downloads of the text and anticoagulation cards in different languages can be found on an EHRA website (www.NOACforAF.eu).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steffel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Lien Desteghe
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karl Georg Haeusler
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin and Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Oldgren
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Sinnaeve
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronan Collins
- Age-Related Health Care & Stroke-Service, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin Ireland
| | - A John Camm
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University, London, UK, and Imperial College
| | - Hein Heidbüchel
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kalani C, Awudi E, Alexander T, Udeani G, Surani S. Evaluation of the efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in comparison to warfarin in morbidly obese patients. Hosp Pract (1995) 2019; 47:181-185. [PMID: 31580732 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2019.1674586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: There is limited clinical data evaluating anticoagulation with the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in morbidly obese patients. We sought to examine the efficacy in preventing stroke or other systemic embolic events and safety of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, in comparison to warfarin in patients with either a body-mass index (BMI) over 40 kg/m2 and/or a weight over 120 kg.Methods: After approval from IRB, we collected retrospective data from our institution's records on 180 patients. We analyzed the rates of stroke and systemic embolic events as defined as ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and myocardial infarction (MI) as well as major bleeding in morbidly obese patients receiving apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban in comparison to warfarin for anticoagulation due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, postoperative thrombus prophylaxis, or DVT/PE treatment and/or reduction in risk for recurrence.Results: The final analysis included 90 patients in both arms. Fifty-two percent (n = 41) of patients in the DOAC group were on apixaban therapy, 12% (n = 11) on dabigatran, and 37% (n = 33) on rivaroxaban. The average BMI and weight in the DOAC group were 46.7 kg/m2 and 139.3 kg, respectively. In the warfarin group, average BMI and weight were 45.8 kg/m2 and 135.9 kg, respectively. There were 11 patients who developed a stroke or thromboembolic event in the DOAC group and 10 in the warfarin group (OR 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-2.78; p = 0.82). The events in the DOAC group consisted of three patients who developed ischemic stroke, three patients who developed DVTs, one who developed a PE, and four patients who developed MIs. There were two major bleeding events in the DOAC group and three events in the warfarin group (p = 0.65).Conclusions: Anticoagulation therapy with DOACs in morbidly obese patients may be a safe and effective alternative to warfarin for prevention of stroke or systemic embolic events. However, additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Kalani
- Pharmacy, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Awudi
- Pharmacy, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Alexander
- Pharmacy, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.,Cardiology, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi
| | - George Udeani
- Pharmacy, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.,Texas Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Salim Surani
- Pharmacy, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.,Pulmonology/Critical Care, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,College of Medicine, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lucijanic M, Jurin I, Jurin H, Lucijanic T, Starcevic B, Skelin M, Glasnovic A, Catic J, Jurisic A, Hadzibegovic I. Patients with higher body mass index treated with direct / novel oral anticoagulants (DOAC / NOAC) for atrial fibrillation experience worse clinical outcomes. Int J Cardiol 2019; 301:90-95. [PMID: 31748190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to fixed dosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), uncertainty exists about their efficacy in a population of obese/overweight patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated a real-life cohort of 325 DOAC anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation [179 receiving dabigatran (55%), 74 apixaban (23%) and 72 rivaroxaban (22%)]. Patients were stratified according to the body mass index (BMI) into non-obese (233 with BMI <30 kg/m2), class I obesity (71 with BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2) and class II + obesity (21 with BMI ≥35 kg/m2). RESULTS Patients with higher BMI receiving DOACs were more likely to experience stroke/systemic embolism sooner (P = 0.043), experience major bleeding sooner (P < 0.001) and have shorter time to composite event consisting of thrombosis, bleeding or death (P < 0.001) whereas there was no significant association with overall survival (P = 0.470). BMI was significantly associated with thrombosis but not bleeding among dabigatran treated patients, and significantly associated with bleeding but not thrombosis among patients treated with factor Xa inhibitors. Associations of higher thrombotic, bleeding and composite endpoint risks with higher BMI remained statistically significant in multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for age, gender, eGFR, CHA2DS2VASC and HAS-BLED. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that obese patients receiving DOACs, especially ones with class II + obesity, might be under higher risks of stroke/bleeding depending on DOAC subtype. Loss of efficacy might be associated with dabigatran, whereas higher risk of major bleeding might be associated with factor Xa inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lucijanic
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Jurin
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Jurin
- University Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva ul. 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomo Lucijanic
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Starcevic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Skelin
- Pharmacy Department, General Hospital Sibenik, Ul. Stjepana Radica 83, 22000, Sibenik, Croatia
| | - Anton Glasnovic
- Histology and Embryology Department, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Catic
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andjela Jurisic
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irzal Hadzibegovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Ul. Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia; Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aloi KG, Fierro JJ, Stein BJ, Lynch SM, Shapiro RJ. Investigation of Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Weighing ≥120 kg Compared to Patients Weighing <120 kg. J Pharm Pract 2019; 34:64-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190019854578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) present a favorable alternative to warfarin based on the decreased burden of monitoring and fewer drug and food interactions. Although studied in the general population, limited clinical data justifying efficacy in patients weighing ≥120 kg present concern for using DOACs in this specific population. Objective: The purpose was to identify if a difference exists in incidence of recurrent thromboembolic events in patients receiving a DOAC for the indication of venous thromboembolism (VTE) weighing ≥120 kg compared to patients weighing <120 kg. Methods: A retrospective database analysis was conducted with patients on apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for treatment of VTE from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 8 between January 2012 and June 2017. The primary outcome was incidence of recurrent VTEs while on anticoagulation. Fisher’s exact tests were used to evaluate difference in VTEs between the groups. Results: There were 133 patients weighing ≥120 kg and 1063 patients weighing <120 kg identified within the 5-year time frame that met inclusion criteria. Although no statistically significant difference was found in incidence of recurrent VTEs between study groups (0.8% vs 1.1%; odds ratio: 0.66; 95% confidence interval: 0.09-5.14; P = .69) few events occurred limiting the power to be able to detect a difference. Conclusion: This study found no difference in VTE recurrence in patients weighing ≥120 kg compared to patients <120 kg with few events in either group. Although promising, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
|
40
|
Jennings SLT, Manh KNP, Bita J. Morbidly Obese Patient on Rivaroxaban Presents With Recurrent Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report. J Pharm Pract 2019; 33:712-719. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190019851358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A morbidly obese patient with history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was diagnosed with an acute left upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and started on rivaroxaban. Three months later, the patient returned with swelling in the right arm and was found to have a right brachial thrombosis. Anticoagulant therapy was switched to a low-molecular-weight heparin, and patient was discharged on enoxaparin along with an order to follow-up with a hematologist. Subanalyses from randomized controlled trials, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, and real-world studies suggest that rivaroxaban may be effective and safe in morbidly obese patients for primary and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. However, the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis does not recommend the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants in this population. If used, drug levels should be monitored to guide the therapy. Due to the disparity in data to show efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in morbidly obese subjects, the interpatient variability of rivaroxaban’s effects in subjects, and the lack of defined therapeutic range for rivaroxaban drug concentration, rivaroxaban should be used cautiously in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ling T. Jennings
- Beaumont Hospital–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University (WSU), Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nakamura M, Yamada N, Asamura T, Shiosakai K, Uchino K. Safety and Effectiveness of Edoxaban in Japanese Patients With Venous Thromboembolism - An Interim Analysis of Data From a Japanese Postmarketing Observational Study (ETNA-VTE-Japan). Circ J 2019; 83:1394-1404. [PMID: 31080193 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETNA-VTE-Japan is an ongoing prospective observational study conducted as part of a postmarketing observational study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of edoxaban in Japanese patients for whom the drug has been newly prescribed to treat venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevent VTE recurrence. The results of an interim analysis of data collected at 3 months are presented.Methods and Results:A total of 1,732 patients were enrolled. The safety and effectiveness analyses included data from 1,703 and 1,699 patients, respectively. In the safety analysis set, 39.4% of patients were aged ≥75 years, 58.2% had body weight ≤60 kg, and 22.2% had creatinine clearance <50 mL/min. Approximately 90% of patients received a dose in accordance with the package insert. Approximately 80% of patients continued treatment; the mean treatment period was 74.5 days. The incidence of bleeding adverse events and major bleeding was 6.3% and 1.4%, respectively. The incidence of VTE recurrence and symptomatic VTE recurrence in the on-treatment population was 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively. Safety and effectiveness profiles of edoxaban in patients receiving the low dose (30 mg/day), generally administered to patients with high bleeding risk, were similar to those of the standard dose (60 mg/day). CONCLUSIONS The results confirm no major concerns about the safety and effectiveness of edoxaban in Japanese patients with VTE in the first 3 months of treatment. (Trial registration No.: UMIN000016387.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashio Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Cardiology, Nakamura Medical Clinic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Verheugt FWA. Low Body Weight and Prescribing DOACs in Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:932-934. [PMID: 30819361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freek W A Verheugt
- Department of Cardiology, Heartcenter, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lip GYH, Merino JL, Banach M, de Groot JR, Maier LS, Themistoclakis S, Boriani G, Jin J, Melino M, Winters SM, Goette A. Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes in the Edoxaban Versus Warfarin Therapy Groups in Patients Underwent Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation (from ENSURE-AF). Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:592-597. [PMID: 30527775 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the EdoxabaN versus warfarin in subjectS UndeRgoing cardiovErsion of Atrial Fibrillation study (NCT 02072434), edoxaban showed similar efficacy and safety versus enoxaparin-warfarin in patients underwent electrical cardioversion of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In this ancillary analysis, we compared the primary efficacy (composite of stroke, systemic embolic event, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and overall study period) and safety (composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, on-treatment) end points in relation to body mass index (BMI; <30 vs ≥30 kg/m2). We also compared cardioversion outcomes in relation to BMI. Of 2,199 patients enrolled, 1,095 were randomized to edoxaban and 1,104 to enoxaparin-warfarin. Mean age was 64 ± 10 and 64 ± 11 years and mean BMI 30.6 and 30.7 kg/m2, respectively. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases were more prevalent in obese (n = 1067) than nonobese patients. Overall ischemic event rates were low; rates in the BMI <30 kg/m2 subgroup were numerically lower than the ≥30 kg/m2 subgroup, but not significantly different (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 [95% confidence interval 0.23, 2.24]). Composite major + clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding rates were low and numerically lower, but not significantly different (OR 0.88 [0.38, 2.04]), between the edoxaban and enoxaparin-warfarin arms and across weight categories. Successful cardioversion rate was higher in the BMI <30 versus ≥30 kg/m2 subgroup (73.9% vs 69.9%; OR 1.22 [1.01 to 1.48]). In EdoxabaN versus warfarin in subjectS UndeRgoing cardiovErsion of Atrial Fibrillation, BMI did not significantly impact the relative efficacy and safety of edoxaban versus enoxaparin-warfarin. Nevertheless, the nonobese group had a higher rate of cardioversion success than the obese group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Jose L Merino
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - James Jin
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersy
| | | | | | - Andreas Goette
- St. Vincenz-Hospital, Paderborn, Germany; Working Group: Molecular Electrophysiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Perlman A, Horwitz E, Hirsh-Raccah B, Aldouby-Bier G, Fisher Negev T, Hochberg-Klein S, Kalish Y, Muszkat M. Clinical pharmacist led hospital-wide direct oral anticoagulant stewardship program. Isr J Health Policy Res 2019; 8:19. [PMID: 30709417 PMCID: PMC6357500 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-019-0285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the past decade, direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have been introduced to medical practice for several indications, with a wide range of dosing regimens. As both over- and under-dosing might lead to life-threatening events, development of methods promoting safe and effective utilization of these agents is imperative. The Hadassah Clinical Pharmacy team initiated a hospital-wide program, for monitoring and promoting safe and effective prescription of DOAC during hospitalization. This study describes the types of drug related problems addressed and the program’s performance in terms of consultation rates and physician acceptance. Methods Electronic medical records throughout the hospital were screened for DOAC orders. All DOAC orders were assessed by a clinical pharmacist for potentially-inappropriate prescribing. When potentially-inappropriate prescribing or a drug-related problem was identified, the clinical pharmacist provided consultation on management options. In specific cases, additional guidance was provided by coagulation and pharmacology specialists. Data on patient characteristics, clinical pharmacist consultations, and physician response was retrospectively retrieved for the first six months of 2017. Characteristics of patients with and without consultations were compared, consultations were categorized by the recommended management of the drug related problem, and physician acceptance rates were evaluated by category. Results During the evaluated period, 585 patients with DOAC orders were identified. Patients were evenly distributed by gender, and age averaged 78 years. Most patients received apixaban (75%) followed by rivaroxaban (14%) and dabigatran (11%), and most (63%) received “reduced dose” regimens. Clinical pharmacists provided 258 consultations for 210 patients, regarding anticoagulation management, such that more than one in three patients on DOAC had potentially inappropriate prescribing or drug related problems. Consultations included alerts regarding potentially inappropriate DOAC doses and recommendations to increase (29%) or decrease (5%) the dose, potentially inappropriate concomitant antiplatelet agents (20%), need for DOAC level monitoring (23%), and alerts regarding other drug related problems (23%). More than 70% of recommendations were accepted by the attending physician. Conclusion Due to the complexity of DOAC management, potentially-inappropriate prescribing and drug related problems are common. Multidisciplinary collaborative projects including review and consultation by clinical pharmacists are an effective method of improving management of patients on DOAC. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03527615.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amichai Perlman
- Department of Pharmacy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Horwitz
- Department of Pharmacy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bruria Hirsh-Raccah
- Department of Pharmacy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gefen Aldouby-Bier
- Department of Pharmacy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthopedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Fisher Negev
- Department of Pharmacy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Hochberg-Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Kalish
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mordechai Muszkat
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
LMU Munich: platelet inhibition novel aspects on platelet inhibition and function. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 107:30-39. [PMID: 29995218 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A core research area in the Department of Cardiology at Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich focuses on antiplatelet therapy, its translational aspects, and its underlying mechanism with respect to platelet physiology. We are conducting a broad range of investigator-initiated clinical trials (phase II-IV) and preclinical studies on the topic of antithrombotic therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention patients, platelet activation, and reactivity as well as on novel inhibitors of platelet adhesion. Just recently, we completed the large multi-centre investigator-initiated TROPICAL-ACS trial on guided early de-escalation of antiplatelet treatment in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients (Sibbing et al. in Lancet 390:1747-1757, 2017; Sibbing et al. in Thromb Haemost 117:1240-1248), done at 33 sites in Europe. Furthermore, besides other ongoing clinical studies, we initiated and are currently recruiting patients for the multi-centre randomized APixaban versus PhenpRocoumon in Patients With ACS and AF: APPROACH-ACS-AF study as well as for the multi-centre phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of revacept in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Revacept/CAD/02) trial.
Collapse
|
46
|
Daaboul IS, Koroleva SY, Kudrjavtseva AA, Sokolova AA, Napalkov DA, Fomin VV. THROMBOSIS OF LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE DURING THERAPY WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANT. CLINICAL CASE. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-3-350-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents a clinical observation of the left atrial appendage thrombosis in a 51-year-old female patient with a paroxysmal form of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation which occurred despite long-term anticoagulant therapy with apixaban in a full dose (5 mg b.i.d.), and the patient’s management. The patient was admitted with recurrent symptomatic paroxysm for more than 48 hours, because of which, in accordance with the recommendations, transesophageal echocardiography was performed before an emergency rhythm restoration. Thrombus in the left atrial appendage 0.5×1.03 cm in size was detected. It was decided to refrain from the immediate restoration of the rhythm due to the very high risk of thromboembolic complications. In connection with the categorical refusal of the patient from warfarin, it was decided to replace apixaban with another direct oral anticoagulant – dabigatran 150 mg bid for a period of 4 weeks followed by performing a control transesophageal echocardiographic study. As a result, no thrombus was found on control echocardiography. The particularity of this observation is concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus type 1 in this patient.
Collapse
|
47
|
State of play and future direction with NOACs: An expert consensus. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 106:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
48
|
Duerschmied D, Brachmann J, Darius H, Frey N, Katus HA, Rottbauer W, Schäfer A, Thiele H, Bode C, Zeymer U. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: should we change our practice after the PIONEER AF-PCI and RE-DUAL PCI trials? Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 107:533-538. [PMID: 29679144 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasing. Since these patients have a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 or higher, they should be treated with oral anticoagulation to prevent stroke. However, combination therapy with oral anticoagulation for prevention of embolic stroke and dual platelet inhibition for prevention of coronary thrombosis significantly increases bleeding complications. The optimal combination, intensity and duration of antithrombotic combination therapy is still not known. In the rather small randomized WOEST trial, the combination of a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and clopidogrel decreased bleeding compared to the conventional triple therapy with VKA, clopidogrel and aspirin. In the PIONEER AF-PCI trial, two rivaroxaban-based treatment regimens significantly reduced bleeding complications compared to conventional triple therapy without increasing embolic or ischemic complications following PCI. Dual therapy with rivaroxaban and clopidogrel appeared to provide an optimal risk-benefit ratio. In the RE-DUAL PCI trial, dual therapy with dabigatran also reduced bleeding complications compared to conventional triple therapy. With respect to the composite efficacy end point of thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or systemic embolism), death, or unplanned revascularization dabigatran-based dual therapy was non-inferior to VKA-based triple therapy. The upcoming trials AUGUSTUS with apixaban and ENTRUST-PCI with edoxaban will further examine the use of NOACs in this setting. While recent guidelines recommend NOAC-based dual therapy in only a subset of patients (those who are at increased risk of bleeding), the available data now suggest that this should be the preferred choice for the majority of patients. Adding aspirin to this primary choice for up to 4 weeks in patients at especially high ischemic risk would likely prevent atherothrombotic events, but this needs further investigation. Taken together, it is time to adjust our practice and move to dual therapy consisting of a NOAC plus clopidogrel in most patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Brachmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, Second Medical Clinic, Coburg Hospital, Coburg, Germany
| | - H Darius
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Vivantes Neukoelln Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - H Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig - UniversityHospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- Klinikum Ludwigshafen and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Bremserstrasse 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Canavero I, Micieli G, Paciaroni M. Decision Algorithms for Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Practical Guide for Neurologists. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 24:396-404. [PMID: 28914077 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617720068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are valid alternative options to vitamin K antagonists due to their limited interactions with drugs or food and the fact that they do not require regular coagulation monitoring. To this regard, recent practice guidelines recommend that DOACs should be considered as first-line anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This review (1) outlines current international guidelines for the management of DOACs to prevent stroke in patients with NVAF, (2) outlines indications for elderly patients as well as specific settings including acute coronary syndromes and intracranial hemorrhage, and (3) offers a practical guide for the use of DOACs in neurological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Canavero
- 1 Department of Emergency Neurology, IRCCS National Neurological Institute "Casimiro Mondino," Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micieli
- 1 Department of Emergency Neurology, IRCCS National Neurological Institute "Casimiro Mondino," Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- 2 Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|