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Kostis WJ, Thijs L, Richart T, Kostis JB, Staessen JA. Persistence of Mortality Reduction After the End of Randomized Therapy in Clinical Trials of Blood Pressure–Lowering Medications. Hypertension 2010; 56:1060-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.160291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Kostis
- From the Cardiology Division (W.J.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Rehabilitation (L.T., T.R., J.A.S.), Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Medicine (J.B.K.), University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- From the Cardiology Division (W.J.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Rehabilitation (L.T., T.R., J.A.S.), Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Medicine (J.B.K.), University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Tom Richart
- From the Cardiology Division (W.J.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Rehabilitation (L.T., T.R., J.A.S.), Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Medicine (J.B.K.), University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - John B. Kostis
- From the Cardiology Division (W.J.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Rehabilitation (L.T., T.R., J.A.S.), Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Medicine (J.B.K.), University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- From the Cardiology Division (W.J.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Rehabilitation (L.T., T.R., J.A.S.), Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Medicine (J.B.K.), University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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Skowasch D, Viktor A, Schneider-Schmitt M, Lüderitz B, Nickenig G, Bauriedel G. Differential antiplatelet effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: comparison of ex vivo platelet aggregation in cardiovascular patients with ramipril, captopril and enalapril. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 95:212-6. [PMID: 16598590 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-006-0363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors exert antithrombotic effects. Based on the assumption of differential effects of various ACE inhibitors on coagulation, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the coagulative activities of cardiovascular (CV) patients treated with either ramipril, captopril, and enalapril, and to compare these with patients treated with established antithrombotics such as aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel or none of these medication. METHODS Blood samples of 320 CV patients with coronary artery disease and/or arterial hypertension were analyzed by wholeblood aggregometry. Platelet aggregation was determined by measuring the increase in impedance across paired electrodes in response to the aggregatory agents collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), respectively. These data were correlated with medical treatment. RESULTS Platelet aggregation was attenuated ex vivo by ramipril and captopril as well as by ASA and clopidogrel. While collagen-induced platelet aggregation was significantly reduced by ramipril (35%; P <0.01) and captopril (27%; P = 0.01), no change was seen with enalapril. After induction with ADP, platelet aggregation was reduced in the presence of captopril therapy by 46% (P <0.05). There was a trend of inhibition with ramipril (32%, P = n.s.), whereas no antithrombotic effect was seen with enalapril. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that ACE inhibitors decrease platelet aggregation ex vivo. The differential antiaggregatory profile may explain at least in part different effects of ACE inhibitors on cardiovascular endpoints as observed in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Heart Center University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril erbumine, has been approved for use in the United States only recently but has been studied extensively worldwide over the last decade. Placebo-controlled trials in a wide range of patients with hypertension, including the elderly, those with isolated systolic hypertension, and those with concomitant diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, nephropathy with proteinuria, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have shown that perindopril is highly effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Studies in which BP has been monitored for 24-hour intervals show that perindopril (1) has a gradual onset of action, (2) provides smooth BP control over its once-daily dosing interval, (3) has a trough-peak ratio of about 1, and (4) maintains its antihypertensive efficacy despite missed doses. Perindopril increases arterial compliance and reverses left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Both of these effects are at least partly independent of its ability to lower BP. Perindopril is safe and well tolerated in patients with hypertension. Rates of adverse events and discontinuation because of such events are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program of the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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