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Feng J, Huang X, Xu Q, Tang R, Zhou Y, Qin S, Xing S, Gao Y, Mei S, He Z. Pharmacological inhibition of the ACE/Ang-2/AT1 axis alleviates mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111855. [PMID: 38493697 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. However, it can also induce mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (MVPF) and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Based on a mouse model of MVPF, the present study aimed to explore the role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin type 1 receptor (ACE/Ang-2/AT1R) axis in the process of MVPF. In addition, recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(rACE2), AT1R inhibitor valsartan, AGTR1-directed shRNA and ACE inhibitor perindopril were applied to verify the effect of inhibiting ACE/Ang-2/AT1R axis in the treatment of MVPF. Our study found MV induced an inflammatory reaction and collagen deposition in mouse lung tissue accompanied by the activation of ACE in lung tissue, increased concentration of Ang-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and upregulation of AT1R in alveolar epithelial cells. The process of pulmonary fibrosis could be alleviated by the application of the ACE inhibitor perindopril, ATIR inhibitor valsartan and AGTR1-directed shRNA. Meanwhile, rACE2 could also alleviate MVPF through the degradation of Ang-2. Our finding indicated the ACE/Ang-2/AT1R axis played an essential role in the pathogenesis of MVPF. Pharmacological inhibition of the ACE/Ang-2/AT1R axis might be a promising strategy for the treatment of MVPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiaoyi Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ri Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shaojie Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shunpeng Xing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuya Mei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zhengyu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Pastacı Özsobacı N, Karataş M, Tunçdemir M, Özcelik D. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker on oxidative stress and metabolism of elements in kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109851. [PMID: 38065251 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes, increased oxidative stress and impaired trace element metabolism play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this research was to examine the outcomes of blocking the renin-angiotensin system, using either the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), perindopril, or the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, irbesartan, on oxidative stress and trace element levels such as Zn, Mg, Cu, and Fe in the kidneys of diabetic rats that had been induced with streptozotocin. Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group was used as a control. The second group of rats developed diabetes after receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ. The third and fourth groups of rats had STZ-induced diabetes and received daily dosages of irbesartan (15 mg/kg b.w/day) and perindopril (6 mg/kg b.w/day) treatment, respectively. Biochemical analysis of the kidneys showed a distinct increase in oxidative stress, indicated by heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In the kidneys of diabetic rats, the mean levels of Fe and Cu were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group. Additionally, the mean levels of Zn and Mg were significantly lower in the diabetic rats compared to the control rats. Both perindopril and irbesartan decreased significantly MDA content and increased SOD activities and GSH levels in the kidneys of rats with diabetes. The Zn and Mg concentrations in the kidneys of diabetic rats treated with perindopril and irbesartan were markedly higher than in untreated STZ-diabetic rats, while the Cu and Fe concentrations were significantly lower. The urinary excretion of rats treated with perindopril and irbesartan showed a pronounced increase in Cu levels, along with a significant reduction in Zn and Mg levels. Although diabetic rats demonstrated degenerative morphological alterations in their kidneys, both therapies also improved diabetes-induced histopathological modifications in the kidneys. Finally, the present results suggest that manipulating the levels of Zn, Mg, Cu, and Fe - either through ACE inhibition or by blocking AT1 receptors - could be advantageous in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant concentration in the kidneys of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nural Pastacı Özsobacı
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Metehan Karataş
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Matem Tunçdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Derviş Özcelik
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye; Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Liang H, Zhang N, Zhao L, Wang Q, Deng S, Shen J, Wang H. Perindopril improves cardiac fibrosis through targeting the AngII/AT1R pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:234-238. [PMID: 37807306 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.9.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
To uncover the potential effect of Perindopril on cardiac fibrosis caused by pressure overload and the underlying mechanism. Cardiac fibrosis model in mice was established by TAC method. Mice were assigned into sham group, TAC group, 2 mg/kg Perindopril group (Per (2 mg/kg)) and 8 mg/kg Perindopril group (Per (8 mg/kg)). Cardiac structure changes were assessed by measuring HW/BW, HW/TBL, LW/BW and LW/TBL in each group. Echocardiography was performed to assess mouse cardiac function by recording EF, LVIDd, IVSd and LVPWd. Relative levels of fibrosis markers were determined. AngII content was examined by ELISA. Besides, mRNA levels of key genes in the AngII/AT1R pathway were finally detected. TAC induced cardiac insufficiency, left ventricular dilatation, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial collagen deposition in mice. In addition, fibrosis markers were upregulated in mice of TAC group. Perindopril markedly reversed TAC-induced pathological changes in cardiac structure and function of mice. Meanwhile, Perindopril dose-dependently reversed the upregulated genes in the AngII/AT1R pathway. Perindopril improves cardiac fibrosis induced by pressure overload through activating the AngII/AT1R pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
| | - Shuai Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, China.
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Ardiana M, Suryawan IGR, Hermawan HO, Harsoyo PM, Sufiyah IM, Muhammad AR, Zaini BSI. Perindopril and losartan attenuate pro-coagulation factors in human adipocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 74. [PMID: 37661180 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic events are highly prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in patients presenting with risk factors of adverse outcomes such as obesity. Recently, the associations between the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway and thrombosis have been reported. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used cardiovascular pharmacologic agents that upregulate ACE2 levels. An observation of the alterations in pro-coagulation factors after exposure to ACEIs and ARBs may provide valuable insight into the thrombosis mechanism and how it may relate to ACE2. This study use adipose tissue harvested from an obese male donor was isolated and exposed to perindopril, losartan, and ACE2 recombinant as binding assay, following exposure with 10 nm of SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein. After 48 hours, tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as pro-coagulation factors as well as ACE2 levels and binding evaluated. The results shows TF level was significantly reduced in Perindopril group compared to control (4.834; p=0.005), while a non-significant reduction was observed in Losartan group (5.624; p=0.111). However, Losartan group showed a better reduction of PAI-1 levels (2.633; p≤0.001) than Perindopril group (3.484; p=0.001). These findings were consistent with the observations in ACE2 recombinant group, suggesting that both drugs lowered the bindings of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. This study indicated that both perindopril and losartan may attenuate pro-coagulation factors in human adipocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, and therefore showcased a potential role of ACE2 in the mechanism of COVID-19-related thrombosis. Further investigation in non-COVID-19 populations should commence and may be of value to expanding this potential in general cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ardiana
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I G R Suryawan
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - H O Hermawan
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - P M Harsoyo
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I M Sufiyah
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - A R Muhammad
- Medical Faculty of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - B S I Zaini
- Medical Faculty of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Miotto DS, Duchatsch F, Macedo AG, Ruiz TFR, Vicentini CA, Amaral SL. Perindopril Reduces Arterial Pressure and Does Not Inhibit Exercise-Induced Angiogenesis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:519-528. [PMID: 33394824 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sympathetic activity, arteriolar structure, and angiogenesis are important mechanisms modulating hypertension and this study aimed to analyze the effects of perindopril treatment, associated or not with exercise training, on the mechanisms that control blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were allocated into 4 groups: 1/sedentary (S); 2/perindopril (P, 3.0 mg/kg/d); 3/trained (T); and 4/trained + perindopril (TP). Wistar rats were used as normotensive sedentary control group. SHR were assigned to undergo a treadmill training (T) or were kept sedentary. Heart rate, BP, sympathetic activity to the vessels (LF-SBP), and skeletal muscle and myocardial morphometric analyses were performed. BP was significantly lower after all 3 strategies, compared with S and was accompanied by lower LF-SBP (-76%, -53%, and -44%, for P, T, and TP, respectively). Arteriolar vessel wall cross-sectional area was lower after treatments (-56%, -52%, and -56%, for P, T, and TP, respectively), and only TP presented higher arteriolar lumen area. Capillary rarefaction was present in soleus muscle and myocardium in S group and both trained groups presented higher vessel density, although perindopril attenuated this increase in soleus muscle. Although myocyte diameter was not different between groups, myocardial collagen deposition area, higher in S group, was lower after 3 strategies. In conclusion, we may suggest that perindopril could be an option for the hypertensive people who practice exercise and need a specific pharmacological treatment to reach a better BP control, mainly because training-induced angiogenesis is an important response to facilitate blood flow perfusion and oxygen uptake and perindopril did not attenuate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle S Miotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles F R Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences- UNESP, School of Sciences, São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil; and
| | | | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
- Physical Education, UNESP, School of Sciences, Bauru/SP, Brazil
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Lancellotti P, Ancion A, Scheen AJ. [Fixed combination atorvastatin-perindopril (Lipercosyl®) for substitution treatment of cardiovascular risk management]. Rev Med Liege 2021; 76:128-133. [PMID: 33543860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fixed combination atorvastatin-perindopril (Lipercosyl®) for substitution treatment of cardiovascular risk management Lipercosyl® is a fixed combination of atorvastatin and perindopril, a cholesterol-lowering and an antihypertensive agent, which allows blood pressure and cholesterol levels to be controlled in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia : atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Six presentations with different dosages of each molecule are available so the treatment can be individualized. Specific precautions of use to each medication must obviously be observed. The use of such a combination helps to ensure a good level of cholesterol while controlling blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lancellotti
- ULiège, Service de Cardiologie, GIGA Cardiovasculaire, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - A Ancion
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - A J Scheen
- ULiège, Service de Diabétologie, Nutrition et Maladies métaboliques, CHU Liège, Belgique
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Safonova JI, Kozhevnikova MV, Danilogorskaya YA, Zheleznykh EA, Zektser VY, Shchendrygina AA, Ilgisonis IS, P EV, Khabarova NV, Belenkov YN. [Positive Effects of Perindopril on Microvascular Vessels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure]. Kardiologiia 2020; 60:65-70. [PMID: 33155960 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.8.n1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of 12-month perindopril treatment on structure and function of microvasculature (MV) in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and intermediate (HFiEF) left ventricular ejection fraction.Material and methods 30 patients with HFpEF and HFiEF were evaluated. Perindopril at a maximum tolerated dose was administered to all patients for 12 months. Changes in MV structure and function were assessed with photoplethysmography and capillaroscopy prior to the treatment onset and at 12 months, i.e., after completion of the perindopril treatment.Results The 12-month perindopril treatment was associated with improvement of the endothelial function evident as increases in the occlusion index (OI) and the phase shift (PS). OI increased from 1.45 [1.3; 1.6] to 1.8 [1.6; 2.2] (p=0.00004). PS increased from 7.1 ms [4.8; 10.2] to 9.2 ms [6.7; 13.2] (p=0.0003). Stiffness of muscular large blood vessels was decreased. Arterial stiffness index (aSI) decreased from 8.8 [6.6; 11.0] to 7.45 [6.5; 9.4] m /s (р=0.01). The perindopril treatment was associated with increased density of the capillary network at rest (р=0.008) and in tests with venous occlusion (р=0.003) and reactive hyperemia (р=0.0003).Conclusion The study showed an improvement of endothelial function associated with the 12-month perindopril therapy in patients with HFpEF and HFiEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Safonova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - M V Kozhevnikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - Yu A Danilogorskaya
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - E A Zheleznykh
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - V Y Zektser
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - A A Shchendrygina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - I S Ilgisonis
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - E V P
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - N V Khabarova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
| | - Yu N Belenkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
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Chang Y, Ding Y. Long-term effects of the perindopril or irbesartan combined with diltiazem on left ventricular hypertrophy in outpatient mild to moderate hypertensive subjects. Hellenic J Cardiol 2020; 62:324-325. [PMID: 32931921 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116021 China
| | - Yanchun Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116021 China.
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Gueguen C, Burke SL, Barzel B, Eikelis N, Watson AMD, Jha JC, Jackson KL, Sata Y, Lim K, Lambert GW, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM, Cooper ME, Thomas MC, Head GA. Empagliflozin modulates renal sympathetic and heart rate baroreflexes in a rabbit model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1424-1434. [PMID: 32372207 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We determined whether empagliflozin altered renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and baroreflexes in a diabetes model in conscious rabbits. METHODS Diabetes was induced by alloxan, and RSNA, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured before and after 1 week of treatment with empagliflozin, insulin, the diuretic acetazolamide or the ACE inhibitor perindopril, or no treatment, in conscious rabbits. RESULTS Four weeks after alloxan administration, blood glucose was threefold and MAP 9% higher than non-diabetic controls (p < 0.05). One week of treatment with empagliflozin produced a stable fall in blood glucose (-43%) and increased water intake (+49%) but did not change RSNA, MAP or heart rate compared with untreated diabetic rabbits. The maximum RSNA to hypotension was augmented by 75% (p < 0.01) in diabetic rabbits but the heart rate baroreflex was unaltered. Empagliflozin and acetazolamide reduced the augmentation of the RSNA baroreflex (p < 0.05) to be similar to the non-diabetic group. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) spillover was similar in untreated diabetic and non-diabetic rabbits but twofold greater in empagliflozin- and acetazolamide-treated rabbits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION As empagliflozin can restore diabetes-induced augmented sympathetic reflexes, this may be beneficial in diabetic patients. A similar action of the diuretic acetazolamide suggests that the mechanism may involve increased sodium and water excretion. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Benjamin Barzel
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yusuke Sata
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Diabetic Nephropathy Research Group, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibnitz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Merlin C Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Lin J, Zhong B, Yan J, Chen L. Effect of trimetazidine combined with perindopril on NT-proBNP level in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:198-203. [PMID: 32415948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to study the effect of trimetazidine combined with perindopril on NT-proBNP levels in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). 40 SD rats were selected and 10 rats were randomly selected to continue to be fed as the blank group. The other 30 rats were injected with adriamycin to establish the DCM rat model. Then they were divided into 3 groups, namely control group (without any drug intervention), trimetazidine group (with trimetazidine single-agent intervention) and combination drug group (with trimetazidine combined with perindopril intervention), with 10 DCM rats in each group. After 4 weeks of intervention, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) of rats were measured by echocardiography. The changes of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to detect the regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1Rs) and lamin A mRNA expression in rat myocardium. After the intervention, the LVEF%, LVEDD and LVESD measured values of the rats in the combination drug group were significantly better than those in the trimetazidine group and the control group (P< 0.05). The BNP, NT-proBNP and AT1Rs levels of the rats in the combination drug group were significantly lower than those in the trimetazidine group and the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The lamin A expression of the rats in the combination drug group was significantly higher than that in the trimetazidine group and the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Compared with trimetazidine single-agent, trimetazidine combined with perindopril can significantly improve the cardiac function of rats with dilated cardiomyopathy, reduce the serum NT-proBNP level and improve the expression of AT1Rs and lamin A in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jinling Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Lin P, Li H, Yu T, Liu Y. The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms on the Clinical Efficacy of Perindopril Prescribed for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Chinese Han Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:316-324. [PMID: 30942616 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Perindopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is commonly used in the treatment of Chinese Han patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there have been few studies on whether polymorphisms of the ACE gene affect the efficacy of perindopril or the prognosis of AMI patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among the ACE rs121912703 (C>T), rs767880620 (C>A), and rs397514689 (C>T) gene polymorphisms and the prognosis of AMI patients and the clinical efficacy of perindopril in the treatment of AMI. Methods: The ACE genotypes at the rs121912703, rs767880620, and rs397514689 loci in 225 AMI patients treated with perindopril were determined by polymerase chain reaction/Sanger sequencing. Differences in cardiac structure, functional indicators, hemodynamic parameters, and related laboratory indicators were detected before and after treatment. Results: After administration of perindopril, improved ventricular remodeling in AMI patients with wild-type ACE was better than in patients with the ACE rs121912703, rs767880620, and rs397514689 minor variant alleles. The patients harboring wild-type ACE had lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure than the patients harboring the minor variant alleles (p < 0.01). The contents of serum ACE and Ang II (angiotensin II) in AMI patients carrying the wild-type ACE alleles were lower than those of patients harboring any of the minor variant alleles (p < 0.01). The 3-year survival time of AMI patients carrying the wild-type ACE alleles was markedly greater compared with AMI patients carrying the mutant genes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Mutations at the ACE rs121912703, rs767880620, and rs397514689 loci affect the efficacy of perindopril on ventricular remodeling and hemodynamics in Chinese Han AMI patients. The 3-year survival of AMI patients harboring the variant alleles is less than that of the patients harboring the wild-type gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- 1 Department of Intensive Care Unit and Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Li
- 2 Department of Emergency, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Tianhua Yu
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Penglai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- 2 Department of Emergency, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, P.R. China
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Much of the chronic care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension involves the prevention of diabetic complications. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are recommended as first-line therapies because of their nephroprotective properties. Their combination with metabolically neutral diuretics is recommended to reduce blood pressure, morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to review the mechanisms by which the combination of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, and metabolically neutral thiazide-like diuretic, indapamide, targets the pathways involved in microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications. METHODS For this narrative review, extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed/Medline. Articles published in English describing clinical trials and mechanism of action studies that were relevant to the treatment of patients with perindopril and/or indapamide were included. RESULTS Perindopril/indapamide treatment has been shown to reduce blood pressure and to have significant beneficial effects on arterial distensibility, kidney structure and function, and endothelial function. Recent data also suggests that perindopril may reduce the deleterious accumulation of advanced glycation end products in diabetic tissue. In the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation diabetes trial, perindopril/indapamide treatment significantly reduced the relative risk of microvascular and macrovascular events by 9%, cardiovascular mortality by 18%, and all-cause mortality by 14%. Interestingly, 6 years after the end of the double-blind period, follow-up data showed that the beneficial effects on mortality continued to be significant even though differences in blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin levels had not been significant for several years. Together this data suggests that treatment with perindopril/indapamide has microvascular and macrovascular effects that extend beyond blood pressure lowering and that this treatment might confer a long-lasting beneficial vascular legacy. CONCLUSION Moving forward, understanding the pathophysiological bases of the effects that extend beyond those of blood pressure control will help us differentiate between anti-hypertensive choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Taddei
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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13
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Lancellotti P, Ancion A, D'Orio V, Gach O, Maréchal P, Krzesinski JM. [Bradykinin and cardiovascular protection. Role of perindopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin conversion enzyme]. Rev Med Liege 2018; 73:197-205. [PMID: 29676873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium plays a vital role as part of the cardiovascular continuum. Risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia unbalance angiotensin II - bradykinin homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and changes in vascular structure that promote atherosclerosis and thrombosis. When dealing with risk factors, treatment should focus on the prevention and restoration of endothelial function. Not all cardiovascular drugs are able to reverse vascular and structural endothelial dysfunction. Increasing levels of bradykinin is an effect of the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), and also a fundamental part of their mode of action. The cardiovascular protection observed with ACE-I, and not with sartans, can be explained rationally by the specific effects of bradykinin on the endothelium. In the pharmacological class of ACE-Is, perindopril likely produces the strongest effects on bradykinin, which may explain, at least in part, the documented superiority of this drug in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lancellotti
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - A Ancion
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - V D'Orio
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - O Gach
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - P Maréchal
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - J M Krzesinski
- Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Hypertension, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
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14
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Staniszewska-Slezak E, Wiercigroch E, Fedorowicz A, Buczek E, Mateuszuk L, Baranska M, Chlopicki S, Malek K. A possible Fourier transform infrared-based plasma fingerprint of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced reversal of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700044. [PMID: 28700133 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) display vasoprotective activity and represent the cornerstone in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we tested whether Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-based analysis of blood plasma is sensitive to detect vasoprotective effects of treatment with perindopril including reversal of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. For this purpose, plasma samples were collected from untreated db/db mice, db/db mice treated with 2 or 10 mg/kg perindopril and db+ mice. The effect of perindopril on endothelial function was examined in ex vivo aortic rings; 10 mg/kg but not 2 mg/kg of perindopril reversed endothelial dysfunction. In plasma of db/db mice, the balance between conformations of plasma proteins was noted, and treatment with perindopril at a high dose but not at a low dose reversed this effect. This was revealed by amide II/amide I ratio attributed to increased β-sheet formation. Spectral markers at 3010, 1520/1238 cm-1 , representative for unsaturation degree of lipids and phosphorylation of tyrosine, respectively, were also affected by perindopril treatment. In conclusion, although metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia strongly affected spectral FTIR profile of diabetic plasma, we identified FTIR features that seem to be associated with the vasoprotective activity of ACE-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Staniszewska-Slezak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiercigroch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Fedorowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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15
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Abstract
Most somatic cells contain many copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Because of both the high copy number and the lack of repair mechanisms available to mtDNA, damage to it largely goes unrepaired, and can accumulate over time. Large scale deletions are a recognised type of damage sustained by mtDNA as a consequence of exposure to the ultraviolet light in sunlight. A group of patients were identified as having abnormally high levels of either a 4977 base pair deletion (mtDNA4977) or 3895 base pair deletion (mtDNA3895), in mtDNA from sun exposed skin or skin suspected to be a non-melanoma skin cancer, but not in their non-sun exposed skin biopsies. In three of the four cases, skin cancer was ruled out due to histological testing. Additional factors from these patients' medical histories were studied, and it was noted that they shared diagnoses for multiple pathologies common to an older population, and that they were being treated with the same or related pharmaceuticals, including some that had been known to cause dermal side effects. Investigation into the biochemistry underlying the symptoms, the effects of sun exposure and side effects of the prescribed pharmaceuticals revealed a possible synergistic relationship leading to the localised high levels of mtDNA deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Montelin Powers
- Mitochondrial Biology & Radiation Research Centre, Dept Life Sciences, IT Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | | | - Nikki Ralph
- Dept of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - James E J Murphy
- Mitochondrial Biology & Radiation Research Centre, Dept Life Sciences, IT Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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16
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Gach O, Falque B, Canivet A, Krzesinski F, Krzesinski JM, Lancellotti P. [Bipressil® : first single-pill combination of bisoprolol and perindopril arginine]. Rev Med Liege 2017; 72:260-265. [PMID: 28520326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In patients suffering from systemic arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, or heart failure, beta-blockers and angiotensin-convertase enzyme inhibitors play a major therapeutic and preventive role. Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries. Unless adapted preventive strategy, notably pharmacological interventions, cardiovascular events in these patients remain high. One reason for this relative failure is represented by non-adherence to treatment. A treatment consisting in an association in one pill of several different molecules should confer a higher treatment compliance and thus efficacy. This article describes the characteristics of the first available dual association between a cardioselective beta-blocker agent, bisoprolol, and an angiotensin-convertase enzyme inhibitor, perindopril arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gach
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - B Falque
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - A Canivet
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - F Krzesinski
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - J-M Krzesinski
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
| | - P Lancellotti
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Valve Clinic. Université de Liège
- Service des Soins intensifs cardiologiques, Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique
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17
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Buda V, Andor M, Petrescu L, Cristescu C, Baibata DE, Voicu M, Munteanu M, Citu I, Muntean C, Cretu O, Tomescu MC. Perindopril Induces TSP-1 Expression in Hypertensive Patients with Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020348. [PMID: 28178210 PMCID: PMC5343883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, widely studied as a target in drug development for treating cancer. Several studies performed in the cardiovascular field on TSP-1 are contradictory, the role of TSP-1 in the physiopathology of cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) being, for the moment, incompletely understood and may be due to the presence of several domains in its structure which can stimulate many cellular receptors. It has been reported to inhibit NO-mediated signaling and to act on the angiogenesis, tissue perfusion, endothelial cell proliferation, and homeostasis, so we aimed to quantify the effect Perindopril has on TSP-1 plasma levels in hypertensive patients with endothelial dysfunction in comparison with other antihypertensive drugs, such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, in a chronic treatment. As a conclusion, patients under treatment with Perindopril had increased plasma levels of TSP-1 compared with other hypertensive patients and with the control group. The results of this study confirms the pleiotropic properties of Perindopril: anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, with effects showed by quantifying a single biomarker: TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Buda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Minodora Andor
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Carmen Cristescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Dana Emilia Baibata
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Melania Munteanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VasileGoldis Western University, 86 LiviuRebreanu, 310045 Arad, Romania.
| | - Ioana Citu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Calin Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Mirela Cleopatra Tomescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 EftimieMurgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
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18
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Tunçdemir M, Öztürk M. Regulation of the Ku70 and apoptosis-related proteins in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2016; 65:1466-77. [PMID: 27621182 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis contributes nephropathy pathogenesis in diabetes. However, its mechanisms still remain unclear. We examined the extent to which the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker (AT1RB) irbesartan and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) perindopril affected the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome-c and Ku70 in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into five groups of eight each, four of which received STZ (60mg/kg in a single dose, i.p.) to induce diabetes. The groups were performed as untreated diabetic; non-diabetic control; daily irbesartan (15mg/kg/day) or perindopril (6mg/kg/day) and also combined irbesartan and perindopril (respectively, 5mg/kg/day, 3mg/kg/day) were applied by gavage for 30days to STZ-diabetic rats. The kidney tissue analysis was performed by using immunohistochemical staining with Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome-c and Ku70 antibodies and by using Western blot analysis with caspase-3 and cytochrome-c antibodies. RESULTS Immunoreactivity of Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome-c and Ku70 was increased in the tubuli and glomeruli of the untreated diabetic group, but decreased in all treated diabetic groups. In the irbesartan and perindopril treated diabetic groups Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was higher than that of the untreated diabetic group. Caspase-3 and cytoplasmic cytochrome-c protein levels increased in the untreated diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the increased expression of Bax and caspase-3, and the increased level of cytoplasmic cytochrome-c relate to renal tissue injury. This case is also seen in the early stages of diabetes as a result of the damage caused by local increased expression of renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the renal tissue, which is induced by hyperglycemia. The increase of the cytosolic cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and Ku70 expression in the tubuli is suggestive of apoptosis. Overall, our results show that treatments of irbesartan and perindopril are effective and efficient in preventing renal tissue injury and apoptosis by blocking the RAS in experimental diabetic nephropathy and reducing the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matem Tunçdemir
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Melek Öztürk
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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19
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Verrico CD, Haile CN, De La Garza R, Grasing K, Kosten TR, Newton TF. Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Methamphetamine during Perindopril Maintenance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Laboratory Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw029. [PMID: 27207905 PMCID: PMC4966279 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our pilot study suggested that the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril might reduce some subjective effects produced by i.v. methamphetamine. We characterized the impact of a wider range of perindopril doses on methamphetamine-induced effects in a larger group of non-treatment-seeking, methamphetamine-using volunteers. METHODS Before treatment, participants received 30mg methamphetamine. After 5 to 7 days of perindopril treatment (0, 4, 8, or 16mg/d), participants received 15 and 30mg of methamphetamine on alternate days. Before and after treatment, participants rated subjective effects and cardiovascular measures were collected. RESULTS Prior to treatment with perindopril, there were no significant differences between treatment groups on maximum or peak subjective ratings or on peak cardiovascular effects. Following perindopril treatment, there were significant main effects of treatment on peak subjective ratings of "anxious" and "stimulated"; compared to placebo treatment, treatment with 8mg perindopril significantly reduced peak ratings of both anxious (P=.0009) and stimulated (P=.0070). There were no significant posttreatment differences between groups on peak cardiovascular effects. CONCLUSIONS Moderate doses of perindopril (8mg) significantly reduced peak subjective ratings of anxious and stimulated as well as attenuated many other subjective effects produced by methamphetamine, likely by inhibiting angiotensin II synthesis. Angiotensin II is known to facilitate the effects of norepinephrine, which contributes to methamphetamine's subjective effects. The lack of a classic dose-response function likely results from either nonspecific effects of perindopril or from between-group differences that were not accounted for in the current study (i.e., genetic variations and/or caffeine use). The current findings suggest that while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can reduce some effects produced by methamphetamine, more consistent treatment effects might be achieved by targeting components of the renin-angiotensin system that are downstream of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Verrico
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing).
| | - Colin N Haile
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Kenneth Grasing
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Thomas F Newton
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
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20
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Kochan K, Maslak E, Krafft C, Kostogrys R, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Raman spectroscopy analysis of lipid droplets content, distribution and saturation level in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in mice. J Biophotonics 2015; 8:597-609. [PMID: 25346221 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder, characterized by an excessive lipids deposition within the hepatic tissue. Due to the lack of clear-cut symptoms and optimal diagnostic method, the actual prevalence of NAFLD and its pathogenesis remains unclear, especially in the early stages of progression. In the presented work confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to investigate alterations in the chemical composition of the NAFLD-affected liver. We have investigated two NAFLD models, representative for macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, induced by High Fat Diet (60 kcal %) and Low Carbohydrate High Protein Diet (LCHP), respectively. In both models we confirmed the development of NAFLD, manifested by the presence of lipid droplets (LDs), but of different sizes. Model of macrovesicular steatosis was characterized by large LDs, whereas in the microvesicular steatosis model small droplets were found. In both models, however, we observed a significant decrease in the degree of unsaturation of lipids, in comparison to the control. In addition, for both models, the impact of medical treatment with selected drugs (perindopril and nicotinic acid, respectively) was tested, indicating a significant influence of medicine not only on the occurrence and size of the droplets, but also on their composition. In both cases the drug treatment resulted in an increase of the degree of unsaturation of lipids forming droplets. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was proven to be a powerful tool providing detailed insight into selected areas of hepatic tissue, following the NAFLD pathogenesis and diagnostic potential of the applied drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kochan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Maslak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Renata Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, Agricultural University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Qu Z, Xu H, Tian Y. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and bradykinin peptides in rats with myocardial infarction. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:3410-3417. [PMID: 26045879 PMCID: PMC4440188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been reported to decrease myocardial remodeling and faciliate cardiac function improvement in the setting myocardial infarction by affecting bradykinin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combination effects of perindopril and bradykinin (BK) in rats with myocardial infarction. METHODS Wistar Rats underwent to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation were allocated into MI group (n=6); Perindopril group (n=7); Perindopril+BK group (n=7). An additional sham operation group (Sham group, n=6) were also established. After 4 weeks, the left ventricle function, myocardial tissue morphology, myocardial collagen volume faction, infracted ventricular wall thickness, myocardial infarction area and neovascular formation were evaluated. RESULTS Combination treatment with perindopril and BK were showed significant improvement on LVEDV, LVEF and LVFS than MI group. Moreover, a significant improvement on LVEF was found in Perindopril+BK group than Perindopril group but not on LVEDV and LVFS between these two groups. Furthermore, neo-vessel density was significantly increased in Perindopril+BK group than other groups while no significant improvement on vessel density was found after the treatment of perindopril. In addition, myocardial infarction thickness improvement was found in Perindopril and group than MI group while combination treatment with perindopril and BK can significant improve the myocardial infarction thickness than perindopril only. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with ACE inhibitor perindopril and BK can significantly improve the ventricle function in the rat model of myocardial infarction. Our data suggest BK can serve as adjuvant treatment in myocardial infarction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongxin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Yihao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
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Hadzegova AB. [The Place of Perindopril in the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease From Positions of Evidence Based Medicine]. Kardiologiia 2015; 55:120-123. [PMID: 26502513 DOI: 10.18565/cardio.2015.4.120-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Chen LH, Advani SL, Thai K, Kabir MG, Sood MM, Gibson IW, Yuen DA, Connelly KA, Marsden PA, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE, Advani A. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling preserves microvascular integrity and renal function in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92227. [PMID: 24637920 PMCID: PMC3956917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by both disruption of the microvascular architecture and the accumulation of fibrotic matrix. One angiogenic pathway recently identified as playing an essential role in renal vascular development is the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1)/CXCR4 pathway. Because similar developmental processes may be recapitulated in the disease setting, we hypothesized that the SDF-1/CXCR4 system would regulate microvascular health in CKD. Expression of CXCR4 was observed to be increased in the kidneys of subtotally nephrectomized (SNx) rats and in biopsies from patients with secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a rodent model and human correlate both characterized by aberration of the renal microvessels. A reno-protective role for local SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling was indicated by i) CXCR4-dependent glomerular eNOS activation following acute SDF-1 administration; and ii) acceleration of renal function decline, capillary loss and fibrosis in SNx rats treated with chronic CXCR4 blockade. In contrast to the upregulation of CXCR4, SDF-1 transcript levels were decreased in SNx rat kidneys as well as in renal fibroblasts exposed to the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), the latter effect being attenuated by histone deacetylase inhibition. Increased renal SDF-1 expression was, however, observed following the treatment of SNx rats with the ACE inhibitor, perindopril. Collectively, these observations indicate that local SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling functions to preserve microvascular integrity and prevent renal fibrosis. Augmentation of this pathway, either purposefully or serendipitously with either novel or existing therapies, may attenuate renal decline in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Benzylamines
- Biopsy
- Capillaries/drug effects
- Capillaries/metabolism
- Capillaries/pathology
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Cyclams
- Fibrosis
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/drug therapy
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney/blood supply
- Kidney/enzymology
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/surgery
- Kidney Function Tests
- Nephrectomy
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Perindopril/pharmacology
- Perindopril/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Serine/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Chen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne L. Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Golam Kabir
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manish M. Sood
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian W. Gibson
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darren A. Yuen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A. Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip A. Marsden
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard E. Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hayashi T, Yamaguchi T, Sakakibara Y, Taguchi K, Maeda M, Kuzuya M, Hattori Y. eNOS-dependent antisenscence effect of a calcium channel blocker in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88391. [PMID: 24520379 PMCID: PMC3919771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence of vascular endothelial cells is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of age-associated vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of antihypertensive agents on high glucose-induced cellular senescence in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exposure of HUVECs to high glucose (22 mM) for 3 days increased senescence-associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, a senescence marker, and decreased telomerase activity, a replicative senescence marker. The calcium channel blocker nifedipine, but not the β1-adrenergic blocking agent atenolol or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril, reduced SA-β-gal positive cells and prevented a decrease in telomerase activity in a high-glucose environment. This beneficial effect of nifedipine was associated with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Thus, nifedipine prevented high glucose-induced ROS generation and increased basal eNOS phosphorylation level at Ser-1177. Treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME) and transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting eNOS eliminated the anti-senscence effect of nifedipine. These results demonstrate that nifedipine can prevent endothelial cell senescence in an eNOS-dependent manner. The anti-senescence action of nifedipine may represent a novel mechanism by which it protects against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hayashi
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoe Yamaguchi
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Morihiko Maeda
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Westra IM, Oosterhuis D, Groothuis GMM, Olinga P. Precision-cut liver slices as a model for the early onset of liver fibrosis to test antifibrotic drugs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:328-38. [PMID: 24321339 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Induction of fibrosis during prolonged culture of precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) was reported. In this study, the use of rat PCLS was investigated to further characterize the mechanism of early onset of fibrosis in this model and the effects of antifibrotic compounds. Rat PCLS were incubated for 48h, viability was assessed by ATP and gene expression of PDGF-B and TGF-β1 and the fibrosis markers Hsp47, αSma and Pcol1A1 and collagen1 protein expressions were determined. The effects of the antifibrotic drugs imatinib, sorafenib and sunitinib, PDGF-pathway inhibitors, and perindopril, valproic acid, rosmarinic acid, tetrandrine and pirfenidone, TGFβ-pathway inhibitors, were determined. After 48h of incubation, viability of the PCLS was maintained and gene expression of PDGF-B was increased while TGF-β1 was not changed. Hsp47, αSma and Pcol1A1 gene expressions were significantly elevated in PCLS after 48h, which was further increased by PDGF-BB and TGF-β1. The increased gene expression of fibrosis markers was inhibited by all three PDGF-inhibitors, while TGFβ-inhibitors showed marginal effects. The protein expression of collagen 1 was inhibited by imatinib, perindopril, tetrandrine and pirfenidone. In conclusion, the increased gene expression of PDGF-B and the down-regulation of fibrosis markers by PDGF-pathway inhibitors, together with the absence of elevated TGF-β1 gene expression and the limited effect of the TGFβ-pathway inhibitors, indicated the predominance of the PDGF pathway in the early onset of fibrosis in PCLS. PCLS appear a useful model for research of the early onset of fibrosis and for testing of antifibrotic drugs acting on the PDGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge M Westra
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This article examines evidence-based findings in the literature on the efficacy of perindopril 2 mg/indapamide 0.625 mg, a first-line, low-dose antihypertensive drug combination. In regulatory Phase II and III trials, perindopril/indapamide significantly lowered blood pressure compared with other first-line therapies (atenolol, losartan and irbesartan). This was also the case in STRAtegies of Treatment in Hypertension: Evaluation, a postregistration study versus current monotherapies and stepped-care therapy with different classes of antihypertensive agents. The efficacy/safety ratio (both clinical and with regard to laboratory parameters) of perindopril/indapamide was good. Perindopril/indapamide provides additional antihypertensive efficacy compared with each component used alone and with current monotherapies, with major efficacy on systolic blood pressure, an important predictor of cardiovascular risk. It also reduces pulse pressure, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, large-vessel arterial stiffness and microcirculatory alterations. The fixed dosage of a once-daily tablet, ensures optimal ease of use and enhances patient compliance. Perindopril/indapamide also reduces target organ damage in patients at high cardiovascular risk, such as patients with cardiac hypertrophy and Type 2 diabetics with albuminuria. These benefits, together with the good efficacy/tolerability ratio, fulfill the requirements of the European Society of Hypertension and of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines for low-dose, first-line combination therapy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gosse
- Cardiologie/Hypertension Artérielle Hopital, Saint André, CHU Bordeaux, 1 rue Jean Burguet, 33075, Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Abstract
Perindopril is a long-acting, once-daily lipophilic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with high tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme affinity, lowering angiotensin II and potentiating bradykinin. Its efficacy, safety and tolerability are well established in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Moreover, large morbidity-mortality trials, such as the EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) and Perindopril pROtection aGainst REcurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS), have shown that antihypertensive treatment with perindopril reduces and prevents cardiovascular disease in a large range of patients with vascular diseases, whether hypertensive or not. Thus, the outcome of these and other trials support the concept of cardiovascular protective properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril in addition to the obvious blood-pressure-lowering effect. Considering its properties and the gathered clinical evidence on efficacy and tolerability, perindopril fulfils the criteria of the latest guidelines for hypertension and cardiovascular disease management and should therefore be considered as a first-line antihypertensive agent, forming a consistent part of the comprehensive strategy against hypertension and related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ferrari
- University of Ferrara, Department of Cardiology, Arcispedale S Anna, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Poteshkina NG, Khashieva FM. [Efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of perindopril and amlodipine in the treatment of hypertensive patients. A clinical case]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2014; 86:81-4. [PMID: 25804046 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2014861281-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes a clinical case of the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of perindopril and amlodipine used in a hypertensive patient. It shows its clinical effectiveness with no impact on blood lipid and glucose levels. 24-hour blood pressure monitoring revealed a reduction in daily blood pressure, including its variability, in pulse wave propagation velocity and central aortic pressure.
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Morozova TE, Gontarenko SV, Kuz'mina EP. [Principles of choice of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: specific features of perindopril]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2014; 86:115-118. [PMID: 25518516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a large and heterogeneous group of drugs whose representatives have significant intergroup differences, occupy a special place among many classes of antihypertensive agents. This review focuses on the properties and effects of perindopril, which set off it from other ACE inhibitors, going beyond the scope of the classic effects of this group of drugs.
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30
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Semenkin AA, Novikov AI, Nechaeva GI, Zhivilova LA, Fisun NI, Pritykina TV, Nazarov AG. [Endothelial and metabolic effects of perindopril in patients with essential hypertension]. Kardiologiia 2014; 54:31-35. [PMID: 25177811 DOI: 10.18565/cardio.2014.7.31-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate endothelial and metabolic effects of perindopril and their interaction in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. METHODS The study involved 30 patients treated with perindopril (5-10 mg/day) for 3 months. The following parameters were registered at baseline and at the end of the study: body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids and glucose, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMVD) of brachial artery assessed by ultrasound. RESULTS Treatment with perindopril was associated with significant improvement of FMVD (6.7 ± 4.1% versus 8.7 ± 5.4% at the end of the study, p<0.05) as well as decrease of blood triglycerides (-18%, p<0.05) and glucose (-9%, p<0.01) with no significant changes of other metabolic parameters. Correlation analysis showed no relationship between changes of FMVD and blood pressure during the study (r= -0.14, p=0.42 r= -0.13, p=0.46 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively) whereas inverse association was observed with changes of blood glucose (r= -0.50, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Thus our data confirm the ability of perindopril to restore impaired endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension independently of blood pressure reduction and make possible to propose its positive metabolic effect relative to changes associated with insulin resistance. It seems that endothelial effect of perindopril may in part be related to diminished adverse influence of metabolic changes on vascular wall.
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Ouyang S, Chen W, Kuang XB. [Effects of perindopril on expression of kidney aquaporin-2 and urine aquaporin-2 excretion in chronic heart failure rats]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2013; 41:276-281. [PMID: 23906395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of kidney aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and urine AQP2 excretion in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats and investigate effects of perindopril on the expression and excretion of AQP2. METHODS Sixty rats were randomized into three groups: control group, CHF group, CHF + Perindopril group. According to left ventricular myocardial infarction size, CHF group and perindopril group were further divided into heart failure subgroup (LVMI ≥ 20%) and cardiac functional compensation subgroup (LVMI < 20%), respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected from the rats for measuring serum Na(+), urine volume and urine osmolality. The concentration of plasma arginine vasopressin (p-AVP) was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed for measurement of kidney inner medullary AQP2. The concentration of Urine AQP2 was measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA). RESULTS Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blot examinations revealed increased quantity of the inner kidney medullary AQP2 expression (0.2013 ± 0.0417), AQP2 mRNA (0.98 ± 0.33) and AQP2 protein expression (0.94 ± 0.21) in heart failure subgroup (n = 13) compared to control group (n = 20, 0.1518 ± 0.0214, 0.58 ± 0.51, 0.51 ± 0.46), which could be significantly by perindopril (n = 13, 0.0712 ± 0.0218, 0.76 ± 0.45, 0.82 ± 0.49, all P < 0.05 vs. heart failure subgroup). The concentration of plasma arginine AVP [(19.72 ± 3.91) ng/ml] and Urine AQP2 [(82.52 ± 11.77) ng/L] were significantly higher in heart failure subgroup than in control group [n = 20, (51.67 ± 12.58) ng/L, (6.94 ± 3.10) ng/ml] (P < 0.05), which were significantly reduced by perindopril [n = 13, (15.65 ± 4.10) ng/L, (71.65 ± 9.21) ng/ml]. CONCLUSION Increased expression of the kidney inner medullary AQP2 and the excretion of urine AQP2 in chronic heart failure rats could be reduced by perindopril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University, Hengyang 421001, China
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Tsuruoka S, Wakaumi M, Araki N, Ioka T, Sugimoto K, Fujimura A. Comparative Study of Taste Disturbance by Losartan and Perindopril in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 45:1319-23. [PMID: 16239366 DOI: 10.1177/0091270005280445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the degree of taste disturbance by losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, with that of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Perindopril erbumine (2 mg), losartan potassium (25 mg), or vehicle was given to Japanese volunteers (n = 7) for 14 days in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover design with a 14-day washout period. Gustometry by filter-paper test and electrogustometry were performed before and at the end of each trial. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and serum and salivary zinc concentrations were measured. One subject dropped out because of a perindopril-induced dry cough, but no one claimed a taste disturbance. Detection thresholds of 4 basic tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) by the paper-disc test and electrogustometry were significantly worsened, and plasma renin activity was elevated by the drugs, whereas the deteriorating effects of 2 drugs did not significantly differ. These drugs did not affect zinc concentrations in plasma and saliva. It was concluded that losartan and perindopril similarly alter taste sensitivity during repeated dosing of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
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Iskenderov BG, Budagovskaia ZM, Sisina ON. [Organoprotective effects of the combination of perindopril and amlodipine depending on the renal functional state in patients with arterial hypertension]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2013; 91:35-40. [PMID: 25702428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate effect of combined perindopril/amlodipine therapy on structural and functional characteristics of the heart and blood vessels, intrarenal hemodynamics in patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) depending on the degree of renal dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS 112 patients (63 men and 49 women) were included in the study; 35 of them (group 1) had the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 or higher, 43 (group 2)--60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 34 (group 3)--9-45 ml/min/i1.7 mi. The patients were treated with a fixed combination of dosage forms ofp erindopril and amlodipine at 10/5 mg/days or 10/10 mg/days for 24 weeks. RESULTS Pronounced antihypertensive effect of therapy was comparable in all groups. However dynamics of structural and functional indicators of the left ventricle (LV) and a brachial artery was apparent only in group 3. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation, cardiac index and LV ejectionf raction increased significantly whereas myocardiumnmass index of L decreased .A reduction of resistance andpulsation indices was recorded in interlobar renal arteries especially in groups 2 and 3. Serunmcreatinine level and urinary albumin excretion were significantly decreased while GFR increased . CONCLUSION Manifestations ofr emodeling ofc ardiovascular system and protective efficiencvyof the fixed combination ofp erin.opril and amlodipine correlate with the degree ofr enal dysfunction.
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Iskenderov BG, Budagovskaya ZM, Sisina ON. [Effect of a fixed-dose perindopril and amlodipine combination on intrarenal hemodynamic and kidney functional parameters in patients with essential hypertension]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2013; 85:78-83. [PMID: 23819344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of prestans on intrarenal hemodynamic and kidney functional parameters and to study their correlations during 24-week therapy in patients with grade I-II essential hypertension (EH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty-two patients (44 men and 38 women) with EH were examined and allocated to 3 groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 1) 31 patients with a GFR of > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2; 2) 28 with a GFR of 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2; 3) 23 with a GFR of 59-30 ml/min/1.73 ml. RESULTS Group 3 patients were found to show a preponderance of metabolic disturbances, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, as well as intrarenal arterial lesions and diminished kidney function. In addition, the most pronounced therapy-induced changes in the parameters under study were also observed in Group 3. In particular, resistive index, pulsatility index of interlobar arteries of the kidneys, and serum creatinine levels increased, the frequency of microalbuminuria episodes reduced, and GFR, endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery, and systolic index rose statistically significantly. Group 3 also displayed statistically significant correlations of the resistive index of the interlobar arteries with GFR, urinary albumin excretion, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and cardiac index. CONCLUSION The fixed-dose perindopril and amlodipine combination in patients with EH and hypertensive nephropathy improves intrarenal hemodynamics and exerts marked nephroprotective and antihypertensive effects.
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Trojacanec J, Zafirov D, Labacevski N, Jakjovski K, Zdravkovski P, Trojacanec P, Petrusevska G. Perindopril treatment in streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropaty. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2013; 34:99-108. [PMID: 23928803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of terminal stadium damage to the kidneys. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) represents a significant risk factor for the progression of DN. ACE inhibitors are medications of particular interest knowing the role of angiotensin II in the development of DN. This study aimed to examine the effects of ACE inhibitor treatment perindopril (PER), administered to rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced DN, that developed albuminuria, renal hypertrophy and mild glomerulussclerosis. DN was induced by a STZ (60 mg/kg ip) single injection to normotensive Wistar rats. The administration of STZ caused diabetes mellitus (DM) with symptoms and signs of DN including poor general condition, body-weight loss, kidney weight increase as well as increased values of BUN and serum creatinine, accompanied by increased diuresis as well as distinct albuminuria. The majority of these symptoms were manifested 4 weeks after, and even more distinctly 8 and 12 weeks after administering STZ. The perindopril treatment (6 mg/kg BW), starting 4 weeks after administering STZ, resulted in a significant improvement of all symptoms and signs of DN, significantly lowering the values of BUN and serum creatinine, albuminuria and diuresis. The histopathological examination of the renal samples at 8 and 12 weeks after the beginning of the study have shown that perindopril significantly lowers the progression of glomerulopathy, and significantly improves the glomerulosclerotic index, as well as the progression of renal histological abnormalities induced with STZ. Thus perindopril treatment ameliorates STZ-induced nephropathic changes in DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trojacanec
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Skopje, R. Macedonia
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Jawien J, Toton-Zuranska J, Gajda M, Niepsuj A, Gebska A, Kus K, Suski M, Pyka-Fosciak G, Nowak B, Guzik TJ, Marcinkiewicz J, Olszanecki R, Korbut R. Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas agonist ameliorates progress of atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout mice. J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 63:77-85. [PMID: 22460464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our interest focused on an open question whether AT-(1-7), nonpeptide receptor agonist: AVE 0991, is able to ameliorate atherosclerosis. We used an apolipoprotein E (apoE) - knockout mice model of atherosclerosis. Experimental groups received the same diet as control, mixed with: AVE 0991 at a dose of 0.58 μmol/kg b.w./day, perindopril at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg b.w./day or with tiorphan at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg b.w./day. A-779 [(D-alanine)-angiotensin (1-7)] was given at a dose of 3.3 mg/kg b.w., 3 times a week i.p. Measured by "en face" method, the percentage of occupied by Sudan IV-stained surfaces were as follows: 14.2±1.9 % in control group, whereas in AVE 0991-treated as well as in perindopril-treated groups percentages were statistically significantly lower. In tiorphan group there was no change comparing to control group, whereas in A-779 group percentage was statistically significantly higher. "Cross-section" of aortic roots revealed also the difference in atherosclerotic lesions. The mean surfaces, occupied by oil red O-stained changes were: 91.213±8.123 μm(2) in control group, while in AVE 0991-treated as well as in perindopril-treated groups lesions were statistically significantly lower. In tiorphan group there was no change; however, in A-779 group lesions were statistically significantly higher. Measured by real time RT-PCR relative p22phox (submit of NADPH oxidase) expression was significantly decreased in AVE 0991-treated mice. As revealed by flow cytometry, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules: CD86, CD80 and CD40 on both dendritic cells (CD11c+) and macrophages (F4/80+) was reduced in AVE 0991-treated group, which correlated with decreased expression of CD69 activation marker on CD4+T cells. In our report we showed the beneficial effect of AVE 0991 on atherogenesis in gene-targeted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jawien
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Ni S, Li Y, Huang S, Luo W, Li C, Li X. [Perindopril and losartan attenuate intrahepatic Toll-like receptor 4 protein expression in rats with bile duct ligation-induced hepatic fibrosis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2012; 32:211-214. [PMID: 22381760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the liver tissue of rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis and evaluate the inhibitory effects of perindopril and losartan on TLR4 expression. METHODS Male Wistar Rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=6), BDL group, perindopril treatment group (2 mg/kg) and losartan treatment group (50 mg/kg) (n=12). Perindopril and losartan groups were further divided into two subgroups for corresponding treatments by gastric lavage once daily for 14 and 30 days. The protein level of TLR4 in the liver tissue was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS In 14-day BDL group, the protein level of TLR4 significantly increased to 6.53∓1.11 folds of that in the sham group (P<0.05), and was lowered significantly to 1.71∓0.41 folds and 0.95∓0.38 folds following perindopril and losartan treatments for 14 days. TLR4 expression significantly increased to 6.51∓0.87 folds and 5.64∓0.87 folds of that of the sham group in perindopril and losartan groups after the 30-day treatments (P<0.05). CONCLUSION TLR4 expression is up-regulated in the liver of rats with BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis, and can be lowered by perindopril and losartan treatmemts for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Ni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Suliburska J, Bogdański P, Chiniewicz B. The influence of selected hypotensive drugs on the bioavailability of minerals from buckwheat groats in vitro enzymatic digestion. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2011; 10:507-513. [PMID: 22230932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mineral status in hypertensive patients may be affected by hypotensive drugs. The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of hypotensive drugs (angiotensine converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), β-blockers, Ca-antagonists, diuretics) on the potential bioavailability of magnesium, iron, zinc and copper from buckwheat groats in vitro enzymatic digestion. MATERIAL AND METHODS The degree of release of magnesium, iron, zinc and copper from buckwheat groats was determined with and without (the control sample) an addition of hypotensive drugs. Four antihypertensive drugs in one dose (one tablet per sample) were analysed: metocard (a β-blocker), cardilopin (a Ca-antagonist), apo-perindox (ACE-I) and indapen (a diuretic). The samples were subjected to enzymatic digestion under in vitro conditions. The content of minerals in buckwheat groats before and after enzymatic digestion was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). RESULTS It was found that cardilopin (amlodipine) and indapen (indapamide) significantly increased the release of zinc from groats. The degree of release of magnesium was higher and the release of iron was lower in samples with apo-perindox (perindopril) than in the control group. The release of copper was significantly decreased by indapen (indapamid). CONCLUSIONS Amlodipine, perindopril and indapamide affected the release of magnesium, iron, zinc and copper from buckwheat groats in vitro enzymatic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Hygiene and Human Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Krysiak R, Sierant M, Marek B, Okopień B. The effect of perindopril and enalapril on plasma resistin levels in normotensive patients with coronary heart disease. Endokrynol Pol 2010; 61:683-690. [PMID: 21104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that adipose tissue hormones are involved in the mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Very little is known as to whether the action on resistin contributes to the clinical effectiveness associated with the use of these agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The aim of this study was to compare the effects of plasma- and tissue-type ACE inhibitors (enalapril and perindopril) on plasma resistin content in coronary artery disease (CAD) individuals without arterial hypertension. The samples used in our analysis were obtained at baseline, and again after 30 and 90 days of treatment, from 22 patients receiving enalapril (20 mg/d), 24 receiving perindopril (4 mg/d), 20 receiving no angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and 20 healthy subjects. Each group consisted of patients sensitive and resistant to insulin. RESULTS Plasma resistin content was higher in normotensive CAD patients, particularly in the subgroup with reduced insulin sensitivity, than in the control group. Both ACE inhibitors produced a weak effect on blood pressure. Perindopril treatment reduced resistin levels, while enalapril only tended to decrease its content. The effect of perindopril was stronger in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the superiority of perindopril over enalapril in reducing plasma resistin levels, particularly in insulin-resistant subjects. They justify the choice of a tissue-type ACE inhibitor in normotensive CAD individuals, requiring administration of this group of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on islet structure and function in diabetic rats, and its mechanisms. METHODS Diabetic rat models were created by high-fat high-caloric laboratory chow plus small dose (30 mg/kg) streptozotocin ip injection. After 8-week intervention with perindopril (AE, no.=10) or valsartan (AR, no.=10), all the animals' islet function was evaluated by iv glucose tolerance test. Pancreases were stained by immunohistochemistry technique to qualitative and/or quantitative analysis the content of insulin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factors-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in islets. The apoptosis of islet cells was detected by transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression level of angiotensinogen (AGT) and insulin mRNA in islets were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group (NC, no.=10), area under the curve of insulin from 0 to 10 min (AUCI0-10) of diabetes group (DM, no.=8) was decreased by 66.9%, the relative expression of local AGT was increased by 69.2%, the insulin relative concentration (IRC) of beta-cell and the expression of insulin mRNA were decreased significantly, the amount of apoptotic cells in unit islet area was increased by 2.1 times, the relative content of iNOS and TGF-beta1 positive cell relative volume (TRV) was increased by 23.0% and 2.52 times, respectively (all p<0.01). Compared with DM group, AUCI0-10 of AE and AR group was increased by 41.4% and 33.2%, respectively; the relative expression of local AGT was decreased by 21.4% and 23.4%, respectively; IRC and the expression of insulin mRNA were increased significantly; the amount of apoptotic islet cells was decreased by 79.0% and 36.2%, respectively; the relative content of iNOS was decreased by 16.5% and 18.9%, respectively; TRV was decreased by 43.8% and 35.6%, respectively (all p<0.01). There were no significant differences between group AE and AR. CONCLUSION Blockade of RAS may improve diabetic rats islet function via the amelioration of intra-islets oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HuaZhong Science & Technology University, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan City, China.
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Velkoska E, Warner FJ, Cole TJ, Smith I, Morris MJ. Metabolic effects of low dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in dietary obesity in the rat. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:49-55. [PMID: 19361967 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Given the recent observation of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in adipose tissue, and its association with obesity-related hypertension, the metabolic effects of treatment with a low dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) were investigated in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either standard laboratory chow (12% calories as fat) or palatable high fat (30% calories as fat) diet for 12 weeks. A subset from both dietary groups was given low dose ACEI in drinking water (perindopril, 0.3 mg/kg/day) throughout the study. The high fat diet increased body weight, adiposity, circulating leptin and insulin and in the liver we observed fat accumulation and increased tissue ACE activity. Treatment with perindopril decreased food intake and circulating insulin in both diet groups, and hepatic ACE activity in high fat fed animals only. Decreased plasma leptin concentration with ACE inhibition was only evident in chow fed animals. These effects were independent of any blood pressure lowering effect of ACE inhibition. CONCLUSION Chronic low dose ACEI treatment reduced circulating insulin and leptin levels with some reduction in food intake in chow fed rats. Fewer beneficial effects were observed in obesity, and further work is required to investigate higher ACEI doses. Our data suggest a reduction in hepatic ACE activity may affect lipid accumulation and other inflammatory responses, as well as improving insulin resistance. Our findings may have implications for maximizing the clinical benefit of ACEI in patients without overt cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Velkoska
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Beulens JWJ, Patel A, Vingerling JR, Cruickshank JK, Hughes AD, Stanton A, Lu J, McG Thom SA, Grobbee DE, Stolk RP. Effects of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on the incidence and progression of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2027-36. [PMID: 19633827 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on the incidence and progression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS The Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) Retinal Measurements study, a substudy of ADVANCE, is a randomised (using a central, computer-based procedure) controlled 2 x 2 factorial trial comprising a double-blind comparison of blood pressure lowering with perindopril-indapamide vs placebo, and an open comparison of standard vs intensive glucose control targeting a HbA(1c) of < or = 6.5% in 1,602 diabetic patients from ADVANCE centres with access to retinal cameras conducted from 2001 to 2008. At baseline and the final visit, seven-field stereoscopic retinal photographs were taken and graded by blinded readers (gradeable baseline and final photographs from 1,241 patients). Progression of > or =2 steps in the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification (using the eye with worst grading) was the primary outcome. RESULTS Retinopathy progressed in 59 (4.8%) patients and developed in 128 (10.3%) patients over 4.1 years. Fewer patients on blood pressure-lowering treatment (n = 623) experienced incidence or progression of retinopathy compared with patients on placebo (n = 618), but the difference was not significant (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.57-1.06; p = 0.12). Blood pressure-lowering treatment reduced the occurrence of macular oedema (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.29-0.88; p = 0.016) and arteriovenous nicking compared with placebo (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38-0.94; p = 0.025). Compared with standard glucose control (n = 611), intensive glucose control (n = 630) did not reduce (p = 0.27) the incidence and progression of retinopathy (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.61-1.15). Lower, borderline significant risks of microaneurysms, hard exudates and macular oedema were observed with intensive glucose control, adjusted for baseline retinal haemorrhages. These effects of the two treatments were independent and additive. Adverse events in the ADVANCE study are reported elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Blood pressure lowering or intensive glucose control did not significantly reduce the incidence and progression of retinopathy, although consistent trends towards a benefit were observed, with significant reductions in some lesions observed with both interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID no. NCT00145925. FUNDING Grants from Servier and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, the Netherlands.
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Geng ZH, Liu CY, Peng YH, Li LG, Zhao XH, Cui B, Yu SY. [Effect of carvedilol and perindopril on Ca(2+) pump activity and Ca(2+)-release channel density in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum in rats with chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2009; 29:1461-1464. [PMID: 19620082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of carvedilol combined with perindopril on Ca(2+) pump activity and the density of Ca(2+)-release channel ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in rats with chronic heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. METHODS Rat models of chronic heart failure established by left coronary artery ligation were divided into different groups and treated with carvedilol (6 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)), perindopril (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)), terazosin (2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)), or the combination of carvedilol (6 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) and perindopril (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) for 9 weeks. Another 12 rats with sham operation served as the sham-operated group. The hemodynamic parameters, activity of SR Ca(2+) pump, and RyR2 density were determined. RESULTS Compared with shame-operated group, the rats with chronic heart failure showed significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P<0.01) and decreased +dP/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, activity of SR Ca(2+) pump and density of RyR2 (P<0.01). Both monotherapies with carvedilol and perindopril attenuated the increment of LVEDP, and significantly increased +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, activity of SR Ca(2+) pump and density of RyR2 (P<0.01). Combined treatment even further enhanced the therapeutic effects, whereas terazosin produced no obvious effect. The activity of SR Ca(2+) pump was strongly correlated to +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax (r=0.596 and 0.684, respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Prolonged treatment with beta-blocker carvedilol in combination with ACE inhibitor perindopril may improve the hemodynamic parameters, enhance Ca(2+) pump activity and increase the density of RyR2 of myocardial SR more effectively than either monotherapy in preventing and treating chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Luo TY, Liu XH, DU X, Liu XP, Lei T, Wang HY, Shi JH. [Effects of perindopril and spirolactone on plasma aldosterone and left atrial remodeling in a canine model of atrial fibrillation]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2009; 37:626-629. [PMID: 19961736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of perindopril and spirolactone on plasma aldosterone (Ald) and left atrial remodeling and function in a canine model of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Adult dogs were randomly assigned to receive normal diet (group A), perindopril (group B, 1 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)) and spironolactone (group C, 10 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1), n = 6 each) and rapid paced (500 beats/min) for 8 weeks. Plasma Ald levels as well as atrial dimension and function at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks after pacing were measured by RIA and echocardiography, respectively. Incidence of maintained AF and AF duration were recorded when pacing was stopped after 8 weeks of pacing. Left and right atrial tissues were collected for measurements of tissue Ald levels and fibrosis. RESULTS Plasma Ald was similar among groups at baseline (P > 0.05) and significantly increased post 4 and 8 weeks pacing in group A (P < 0.05) while remained unchanged post pacing in group B and C (P > 0.05) compared to respective baseline level. Atrial Ald was significantly lower in group B and C compared that in group A post 8 weeks pacing (P < 0.05). Left atrial dimension, end-systolic and end-diastolic volume were significantly increased while left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) was significantly reduced post pacing in group A (all P < 0.05 vs. baseline) and thses changes were significantly attenuated in group B and C (P < 0.05 vs. group A). Incidence of maintained AF and AF duration post pacing as well as interstitial collagen volume fraction were significantly lower in group B and C compared those in group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased Ald might be an important pathogenesis for AF formation and progression, spironolactone and perindopril could attenuate atrial remodeling and improve atrial function by reducing plasma and tissue Ald levels in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-yang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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Koz C, Baysan O, Yokusoglu M, Uzun M, Yildirim M, Hasimi A, Oz BS, Erinc K, Karaeren H, Celebi H, Isik E. The effects of perindopril on aortic elasticity and inflammatory markers in hypertensive patients. Med Sci Monit 2009; 15:PI41-PI45. [PMID: 19564839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in hypertension and in atherosclerosis. Inflammatory changes induced even in prehypertensive subjects can lead to increased arterial stiffness. The effects of perindopril on both inflammatory and aortic elasticity markers were tested in hypertensive patients. MATERIAL/METHODS One hundred nine hypertensive patients not taking any antihypertensive therapy were included in the study. Aortic strain, aortic distensibility, aortic stiffness index, and inflammatory markers, including CRP, IL-1alpha IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha, were measured in all patients before and after twenty weeks of perindopril therapy. RESULTS While aortic strain and distensibility showed statistically significant increases with perindopril therapy, the aortic stiffness index and inflammatory markers were found to decrease. CONCLUSIONS Perindopril therapy resulted in an improvement in aortic elastic properties. There was also an attenuation of inflammatory status of the patients as reflected by lower inflammatory marker levels compared with pretreatment values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Koz
- Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical School, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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Xu H, Liu X, Ning W, Tao L. [Expression of HIF-1alpha in 5/6-nephrectomized rat models of chronic kidney fibrosis]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2009; 34:308-312. [PMID: 19411746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression and effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in chronic kidney fibrosis, and to observe the effect of perindopril on its expression. METHODS The rat models of chronic kidney fibrosis were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, and 11 successful 5/6-nephrectomized rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups: a surgery group (n=6) and a treatment group (perindopril, n=5). A control group was induced by sham operation. Five weeks later, Picro-Sirius red stained was applied to measure collagen in the kidney, and Western blot was used to test HIF-1alpha protein; The expression of HIF-1alpha and CTGF mRNA in the kidney was analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Picro-Sirius red stained revealed significant accumulation of collagens in the surgery group than the control group; and lower accumulation of collagens in the treatment group than the surgery group. Western blot showed higher deposit HIF-1alpha in the surgery group than the control group (P<0.01) and lower deposit HIF-1alpha in the treatment group than the surgery group (P<0.01). Real time PCR showed higher expression of HIF-1alpha and CTGF mRNA in the surgery group than the control group (P<0.01)and lower expression of HIF-1alpha and CTGF mRNA in kidney of the treatment group compared with the surgery group (P<0.01). The expression of CTGF had positive correlation with HIF-1alpha (r=0.68, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The HIF-1alpha may induce kidney fibrosis through CTGF. Perindopril may decrease the expression of HIF-1alpha and CTGF to ameliorate kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Zheng Z, Chen H, Ke G, Fan Y, Zou H, Sun X, Gu Q, Xu X, Ho PC. Protective effect of perindopril on diabetic retinopathy is associated with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor-to-pigment epithelium-derived factor ratio: involvement of a mitochondria-reactive oxygen species pathway. Diabetes 2009; 58:954-64. [PMID: 19188429 PMCID: PMC2661575 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify whether the decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-to-pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) ratio can serve as an indicator for the protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to investigate the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the downregulated VEGF-to-PEDF ratio. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetic rats and control animals were randomly assigned to receive perindopril or vehicle for 24 weeks, and bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (BRECs) were incubated with normal or high glucose with or without perindopril. VEGF, PEDF, PPARgamma, and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) in the rat retinas or BREC extracts were examined by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. The levels of VEGF and PEDF in cell culture media were examined by ELISA. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) and ROS production were assayed using JC-1 or CM-H2DCFDA. RESULTS The VEGF-to-PEDF ratio was increased in the retina of diabetic rats; perindopril lowered the increased VEGF-to-PEDF ratio in diabetic rats and ameliorated the retinal damage. In BRECs, perindopril lowered the hyperglycemia-induced elevation of VEGF-to-PEDF ratio by reducing mitochondrial ROS. We found the decreased ROS production was a result of perindopril-induced upregulation of PPARgamma and UCP-2 expression and the subsequent decrease of Deltapsim. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the protective effect of ACEI on DR is associated with a decreased VEGF-to-PEDF ratio, which involves the mitochondria-ROS pathway through PPARgamma-mediated changes of UCP-2. This study paves a way for future application of ACEI in treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genjie Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author: Xun Xu,
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Scheen AJ, Krzesinski JM. [Fixed combination perindopril-amlodipine (Coveram) in the treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease]. Rev Med Liege 2009; 64:223-227. [PMID: 19514543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coveram is a new fixed combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, and a calcium antagonist, amlodipine. This new medication is indicated for the treatment of arterial hypertension and/or stable coronary heart disease. Such fixed combination of two molecules that have been extensively evaluated according to evidence-based medicine offers the advantage of an excellent efficacy, associated with a good tolerance profile, and favours patient's compliance. The marketing of different formulations of Coveram combining various dosages allows easy adjustment and titration of each of the components according to the individual patient's characteristics.
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Sebeková K, Lill M, Boor P, Heidland A, Amann K. Functional and partial morphological regression of established renal injury in the obese zucker rat by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Nephrol 2009; 29:164-70. [PMID: 18753741 DOI: 10.1159/000151771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In experimental nephropathies, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) halted the progression, or even induced a regression in renal injury. We studied the potential of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril and the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan to reverse the established renal injury in the obese Zucker rat (OZR). METHODS Forty 4-week-old OZRs were uninephrectomized and fed a high-protein diet. After 16 weeks, they were randomized into 4 groups (n = 10 each) with comparable proteinuria: (1) control group sacrificed immediately for baseline data, and groups gavaged daily for 8 weeks with (2) placebo, (3) perindopril (1 mg/kg/day), or (4) candesartan (10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Both drugs reduced systolic blood pressure (perindopril -16%, p < 0.001; candesartan -10%, p < 0.05), renal hypertrophy, and proteinuria (perindopril to 32%; candesartan to 37% of pretreatment values). Glomerulosclerosis was halted (perindopril p < 0.001; candesartan p < 0.05), and the numbers of glomerular endothelial and podocyte cells were restored. Mesangiolysis was reversed by perindopril. Metabolic and oxidative parameters were either stabilized (perindopril), or improved (candesartan). CONCLUSION In the OZR late inhibition of RAS halts the progression of glomerulosclerosis, reverses mesangiolysis and prevents the decline in glomerular endothelial cell and podocyte numbers. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis and vascular injury remain unchanged. Proteinuria shows marked regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Sebeková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hou DR, Wang Y, Zhou L, Chen K, Tian Y, Song Z, Bao J, Yang QD. Altered angiotensin-converting enzyme and its effects on the brain in a rat model of Alzheimer disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121:2320-2323. [PMID: 19080340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease related to aging. At present, its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Family members of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a role in neuronal plasticity, as well as formation of learning and memory. In this study, we explore the effects of altered angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and investigate the possible mechanisms of perindopril, an ACE inhibitor, on brain structure and function in a rat model of AD, as well as the role that ACE plays in AD. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: control, AD, and perindopril. Each group consisted of 20 rats, with 10 rats for determining pathology, and the remaining 10 rats for quantifying ACE activity. The rat AD model was established by stereotactically injecting amyloid beta protein (A-beta) 1-42 into the right hippocampus. Learning and memory functions were tested using the Y-type electric maze. The number and morphology of abnormal neurons were determined by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Amyloid deposition was measured by Congo red staining. Finally, ACE activity was estimated by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the number of times needed to escape electrical stimuli increased (23.70 +/- 3.13, P < 0.001), the number of normal neurons in the CA1 region was reduced (density of 96.5 +/- 32.6/mm, P < 0.001), amyloid deposition was obvious, and ACE activity increased ((34.4 +/- 6.6) nmol x g(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.001) in the AD group. In the perindopril group, the number of times needed to escape electrical stimuli decreased (18.50 +/- 3.66, P < 0.001), the number of abnormal neurons increased (density of CA1 neurons was 180.8 +/- 28.5/mm, P < 0.001), amyloid deposition was reduced, and ACE activity was down-regulated ((26.2 +/- 6.2) nmol x g(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ACE activity increased in the brains of AD rats. Perindopril improved learning and memory in AD rats, which correlated with decreased ACE activity and delayed AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-ren Hou
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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