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Korkalo L, Alfthan G, Fidalgo L, Freese RI. Prevalence of vitamin E inadequacy, dietary intake and sources of alpha-tocopherol, and predictors of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol status in adolescent girls in Central Mozambique. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e121. [PMID: 38155808 PMCID: PMC10753459 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An adequate alpha-tocopherol status is important for females at reproductive age. We studied the dietary intake and sources of alpha-tocopherol and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol status indicators in 14-19-year-old girls in Central Mozambique. We also explored factors associated with alpha- and gamma-tocopherol status. The participants (n 508) were from the cross-sectional ZANE Study that was conducted in 2010. We recruited two separate samples, one in January-February and the other in May-June. We collected venous blood samples and conducted 24 h dietary recall interviews. At the time of blood sampling, 11 % of participants were pregnant and 10 % were lactating. In the total sample, both seasons combined, the median intake of alpha-tocopherol was 6⋅7 mg/d, the mean plasma alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations were 13⋅5 and 0⋅75 μmol/l, respectively, and the prevalence of vitamin E inadequacy (alpha-tocopherol <12 μmol/l) was 36⋅7 % (95 % CI: 31⋅9-42⋅0 %). Season and lactation status were significant predictors of alpha-tocopherol status regardless of which the three indicators (plasma concentration, alpha-tocopherol:total cholesterol ratio, gamma-tocopherol:alpha-tocopherol ratio) were used. Being a lactating mother was negatively associated and having a blood sample taken in January-February, when the main sources of alpha-tocopherol were mango and dark green leafy vegetables, was positively associated with alpha-tocopherol status. In conclusion, vitamin E inadequacy was common in Central Mozambique, and the status may fluctuate due to seasonal changes in the diet. We suggest that lactating mothers are specifically at risk of poor alpha-tocopherol status in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georg Alfthan
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lourdes Fidalgo
- Food Security and Nutrition Association (ANSA), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Riitta I. Freese
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mutonhodza B, Chagumaira C, Dembedza MP, Joy EJM, Manzeke-Kangara MG, Njovo H, Nyadzayo TK, Lark RM, Kalimbira AA, Bailey EH, Broadley MR, Matsungo TM, Chopera P. A pilot survey of selenium status and its geospatial variation among children and women in three rural districts of Zimbabwe. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1235113. [PMID: 37497053 PMCID: PMC10367098 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1235113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Selenium (Se) deficiency is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The current cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and geospatial patterns of Se deficiency among children aged 6-59 months (n = 741) and women of 15-49 years old (n = 831) selected by simple random sampling in rural Zimbabwe (Murewa, Shamva, and Mutasa districts). Venous blood samples were collected and stored according to World Health Organization guidelines. Plasma Se concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results Median, Q1, and Q3 plasma Se concentrations were 61.2, 48.7, and 73.3 μg/L for women and 40.5, 31.3, and 49.5 μg/L for children, respectively. Low plasma Se concentrations (9.41 μg/L in children and 10.20 μg/L in women) indicative of severe Se deficiency risk was observed. Overall, 94.6% of children and 69.8% of women had sub-optimal Se status defined by plasma Se concentrations of <64.8 μg/L and <70 μg/L, respectively. Discussion High and widespread Se deficiency among women and children in the three districts is of public health concern and might be prevalent in other rural districts in Zimbabwe. Geostatistical analysis by conditional kriging showed a high risk of Se deficiency and that the Se status in women and children in Murewa, Shamva, and Mutasa districts was driven by short-range variations of up to ⁓12 km. Selenium status was homogenous within each district. However, there was substantial inter-district variation, indicative of marked spatial patterns if the sampling area is scaled up. A nationwide survey that explores the extent and spatial distribution of Se deficiency is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaula Mutonhodza
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Christopher Chagumaira
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mavis P. Dembedza
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Edward J. M. Joy
- London School for Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | | | - Handrea Njovo
- National Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tasiana K. Nyadzayo
- National Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - R. Murray Lark
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander A. Kalimbira
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth H. Bailey
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tonderayi M. Matsungo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Prosper Chopera
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Mutonhodza B, Joy EJM, Bailey EH, Lark MR, Kangara MGM, Broadley MR, Matsungo TM, Chopera P. Linkages between soil, crop, livestock, and human selenium status in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022; 57:6336-6349. [PMID: 36605250 PMCID: PMC9804181 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential for human health, however, data on population Se status and agriculture-nutrition-health linkages are limited in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The scoping review aims to identify linkages between Se in soils/crops, dietary Se intakes, and livestock and human Se status in SSA. Online databases, organisational websites and grey literature were used to identify articles. Articles were screened at title, abstract and full text levels using eligibility criteria. The search yielded 166 articles from which 112 were excluded during abstract screening and 54 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. The scoping review included 34 primary studies published between 1984 and 2021. The studies covered Se concentrations in soils (n = 7), crops (n = 9), animal tissues (n = 2), livestock (n = 3), and human Se status (n = 15). The evidence showed that soil/crop Se concentrations affected Se concentration in dietary sources, dietary Se intake and biomarkers of Se status. Soil types are a primary driver of human Se status and crop Se concentration correlates positively with biomarkers of Se dietary status. Although data sets of Se concentrations exist across the food system in SSA, there is limited evidence on linkages across the agriculture-nutrition nexus. Extensive research on Se linkages across the food chain is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaula Mutonhodza
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food SciencesUniversity of ZimbabweP.O. Box MP167, Mt PleasantHarareZimbabwe
| | - Edward J. M. Joy
- London School for Hygiene and Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK,Rothamsted ResearchWest CommonHarpendenAL5 2JQUK
| | - Elizabeth H. Bailey
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Murray R. Lark
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | | | - Martin R. Broadley
- Rothamsted ResearchWest CommonHarpendenAL5 2JQUK,School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Tonderayi M. Matsungo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food SciencesUniversity of ZimbabweP.O. Box MP167, Mt PleasantHarareZimbabwe
| | - Prosper Chopera
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food SciencesUniversity of ZimbabweP.O. Box MP167, Mt PleasantHarareZimbabwe
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Jakaša I, Peremin I, Domijan AM, Vučić Lovrenčić M, Kežić S, Bituh M, Moraes de Andrade V. Inflammatory, oxidative and DNA damage status in vegetarians: is the future of human diet green? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-33. [PMID: 34634971 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The health benefit of a vegetarian diet is still under debate as it may result in a higher intake of some beneficial micronutrients, while others may be reduced, thus influencing various metabolic pathways and health-related biomarkers. This scoping review discusses inflammatory, oxidative and DNA damage status in vegetarians and vegans compared to omnivores. Most of the reviewed studies indicated favorable effects of a vegetarian diet on oxidative status compared to omnivores but did not clearly associate particular dietary habits to genome damage. The evidence on the effect of vegetarian diet on the inflammatory and immunological biomarkers is poor, which could at least partly be explained by methodological constraints such as small sample size, short duration of vegetarianism and inconsistent definitions of the omnivorous diet. The only inflammatory biomarker that seems to be associated with the vegetarian diet was inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein, which in several studies showed lower values in vegetarians as compared to omnivores. There were very few studies on immunological markers and the results on the difference between vegetarians and omnivores were inconclusive. Although several biomarkers involved in oxidative stress and inflammation showed a beneficial association with the vegetarian diet, further research in well-defined and sufficiently sized cohorts is needed to provide more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivone Jakaša
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Peremin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Domijan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Kežić
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Bituh
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Quality Control, Laboratory for Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Health Sciences Unit, Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
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Absalome MA, Massara CC, Alexandre AA, Gervais K, Chantal GGA, Ferdinand D, Rhedoor AJ, Coulibaly I, George TG, Brigitte T, Marion M, Jean-Paul C. Biochemical properties, nutritional values, health benefits and sustainability of palm oil. Biochimie 2020; 178:81-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ligowe IS, Phiri FP, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Chilimba ADC, Gashu D, Joy EJM, Lark RM, Kabambe V, Kalimbira AA, Kumssa DB, Nalivata PC, Young SD, Broadley MR. Selenium deficiency risks in sub-Saharan African food systems and their geospatial linkages. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 32264979 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of Se deficiency is less than for other micronutrients of public health concern such as iodine, iron and zinc, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies of food systems in SSA, in particular in Malawi, have revealed that human Se deficiency risks are widespread and influenced strongly by geography. Direct evidence of Se deficiency risks includes nationally representative data of Se concentrations in blood plasma and urine as population biomarkers of Se status. Long-range geospatial variation in Se deficiency risks has been linked to soil characteristics and their effects on the Se concentration of food crops. Selenium deficiency risks are also linked to socio-economic status including access to animal source foods. This review highlights the need for geospatially-resolved data on the movement of Se and other micronutrients in food systems which span agriculture-nutrition-health disciplinary domains (defined as a GeoNutrition approach). Given that similar drivers of deficiency risks for Se, and other micronutrients, are likely to occur in other countries in SSA and elsewhere, micronutrient surveillance programmes should be designed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Ligowe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30799, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - F P Phiri
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - E L Ander
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - A D C Chilimba
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30799, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - D Gashu
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
| | - R M Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - V Kabambe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - A A Kalimbira
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - D B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - P C Nalivata
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - M R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
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7
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Phiri FP, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Chilima B, Chilimba ADC, Gondwe J, Joy EJM, Kalimbira AA, Kumssa DB, Lark RM, Phuka JC, Salter A, Suchdev PS, Watts MJ, Young SD, Broadley MR. The risk of selenium deficiency in Malawi is large and varies over multiple spatial scales. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6566. [PMID: 31024041 PMCID: PMC6484074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential human micronutrient. Deficiency of Se decreases the activity of selenoproteins and can compromise immune and thyroid function and cognitive development, and increase risks from non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of Se deficiency is unknown in many countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Here we report that the risk of Se deficiency in Malawi is large among a nationally representative population of 2,761 people. For example, 62.5% and 29.6% of women of reproductive age (WRA, n = 802) had plasma Se concentrations below the thresholds for the optimal activity of the selenoproteins glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3; <86.9 ng mL−1) and iodothyronine deiodinase (IDI; <64.8 ng mL−1), respectively. This is the first nationally representative evidence of widespread Se deficiency in SSA. Geostatistical modelling shows that Se deficiency risks are influenced by soil type, and also by proximity to Lake Malawi where more fish is likely to be consumed. Selenium deficiency should be quantified more widely in existing national micronutrient surveillance programmes in SSA given the marginal additional cost this would incur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P Phiri
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
| | - E Louise Ander
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Benson Chilima
- Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Private Bag 65, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Allan D C Chilimba
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30799, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - Jellita Gondwe
- Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Private Bag 65, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Edward J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alexander A Kalimbira
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Food and Human Sciences, Bunda Campus, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Diriba B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - R Murray Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - John C Phuka
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Andrew Salter
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Parminder S Suchdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Scott D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Olafisoye OB, Oguntibeju OO, Osibote OA. Trace elements and radionuclides in palm oil, soil, water, and leaves from oil palm plantations: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1295-1315. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.886032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. B. Olafisoye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O. O. Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - O. A. Osibote
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jiao Y, Zhang J, Yan J, Stuart J, Gibson G, Lu L, Willaims R, Wang YJ, Gu W. Differential gene expression between wild-type and Gulo-deficient mice supplied with vitamin C. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:386-95. [PMID: 21931508 PMCID: PMC3168176 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hepatic vitamin C (VC) levels in VC deficient mice rescued with high doses of VC supplements still do not reach the optimal levels present in wild-type mice. For this, we used a mouse scurvy model (sfx) in which the L-gulonolactone oxidase gene (Gulo) is deleted. Six age- (6 weeks old) and gender- (female) matched wild-type (WT) and sfx mice (rescued by administering 500 mg of VC/L) were used as the control (WT) and treatment (MT) groups (n = 3 for each group), respectively. Total hepatic RNA was used in triplicate microarray assays for each group. EDGE software was used to identify differentially expressed genes and transcriptomic analysis was used to assess the potential genetic regulation of Gulo gene expression. Hepatic VC concentrations in MT mice were significantly lower than in WT mice, even though there were no morphological differences between the two groups. In MT mice, 269 differentially expressed transcripts were detected (≥ twice the difference between MT and WT mice), including 107 up-regulated and 162 down-regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes included stress-related and exclusively/predominantly hepatocyte genes. Transcriptomic analysis identified a major locus on chromosome 18 that regulates Gulo expression. Since three relevant oxidative genes are located within the critical region of this locus we suspect that they are involved in the down-regulation of oxidative activity in sfx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Tiahou G, Dupuy AM, Jaussent I, Sees D, Cristol JP, Badiou S. Determinants of homocysteine levels in Ivorian rural population. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2010; 79:319-27. [PMID: 20533218 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.79.56.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B status were determined in healthy subjects living in two opposite regions of the Ivory Coast. Fifty-six subjects from a coastal region (Bodou) having a fish-based diet and 56 subjects from a mountainous area (Glanle) having a vegetarian diet were tested to sample Hcy, folate, vitamin B12, creatinine, and lipid levels, as well as inflammation and nutritional parameters. An increased prevalence of Hcy > or = 15 micromol/L was observed, reaching 60 % of all subjects. The Bodou group exhibited significantly higher Hcy levels than the Glanle group [20.1 (9.7 - 41.4) vs. 13.6 (5.5 - 48.7) micromol/L, p<0.0001], despite higher vitamin B12 levels [593 (163 - 1860) vs. 234 (83 - 585) pg/mL, p<0.0001]. Although folate levels were lower in subjects from Bodou compared to Glanle [3.2 (2.0 - 7.3) vs. 6.0 (1.9 - 18.2) ng/mL, p<0.0001], there was no significant relationship with Hcy levels in any groups. Interestingly, there were significantly higher creatinine levels in subjects from Bodou compared to Glanle and a significant positive relationship with Hcy levels was evident in each group. In conclusion, Hcy levels in an Ivorian population having a fish-based diet appeared significantly higher compared to subjects having a vegetarian diet. However, folate and vitamin B12 status did not emerge as the major determinants of this difference; a stronger relationship was observed with creatinine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Tiahou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Université Bouake, Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire
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11
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Sen CK, Khanna S, Rink C, Roy S. Tocotrienols: the emerging face of natural vitamin E. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2007; 76:203-61. [PMID: 17628176 PMCID: PMC3681510 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(07)76008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural vitamin E includes eight chemically distinct molecules: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols. More than 95% of all studies on vitamin E are directed toward the specific study of alpha-tocopherol. The other forms of natural vitamin E remain poorly understood. The abundance of alpha-tocopherol in the human body and the comparable efficiency of all vitamin E molecules as antioxidants led biologists to neglect the non-tocopherol vitamin E molecules as topics for basic and clinical research. Recent developments warrant a serious reconsideration of this conventional wisdom. The tocotrienol subfamily of natural vitamin E possesses powerful neuroprotective, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering properties that are often not exhibited by tocopherols. Current developments in vitamin E research clearly indicate that members of the vitamin E family are not redundant with respect to their biological functions. alpha-Tocotrienol, gamma-tocopherol, and delta-tocotrienol have emerged as vitamin E molecules with functions in health and disease that are clearly distinct from that of alpha-tocopherol. At nanomolar concentration, alpha-tocotrienol, not alpha-tocopherol, prevents neurodegeneration. On a concentration basis, this finding represents the most potent of all biological functions exhibited by any natural vitamin E molecule. Recently, it has been suggested that the safe dose of various tocotrienols for human consumption is 200-1000/day. A rapidly expanding body of evidence supports that members of the vitamin E family are functionally unique. In recognition of this fact, title claims in publications should be limited to the specific form of vitamin E studied. For example, evidence for toxicity of a specific form of tocopherol in excess may not be used to conclude that high-dosage "vitamin E" supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Such conclusion incorrectly implies that tocotrienols are toxic as well under conditions where tocotrienols were not even considered. The current state of knowledge warrants strategic investment into the lesser known forms of vitamin E. This will enable prudent selection of the appropriate vitamin E molecule for studies addressing a specific health need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. Tocotrienols: Vitamin E beyond tocopherols. Life Sci 2006; 78:2088-98. [PMID: 16458936 PMCID: PMC1790869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In nature, eight substances have been found to have vitamin E activity: alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol; and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol. Yet, of all papers on vitamin E listed in PubMed less than 1% relate to tocotrienols. The abundance of alpha-tocopherol in the human body and the comparable efficiency of all vitamin E molecules as antioxidants, led biologists to neglect the non-tocopherol vitamin E molecules as topics for basic and clinical research. Recent developments warrant a serious reconsideration of this conventional wisdom. Tocotrienols possess powerful neuroprotective, anti-cancer and cholesterol lowering properties that are often not exhibited by tocopherols. Current developments in vitamin E research clearly indicate that members of the vitamin E family are not redundant with respect to their biological functions. alpha-Tocotrienol, gamma-tocopherol, and delta-tocotrienol have emerged as vitamin E molecules with functions in health and disease that are clearly distinct from that of alpha-tocopherol. At nanomolar concentration, alpha-tocotrienol, not alpha-tocopherol, prevents neurodegeneration. On a concentration basis, this finding represents the most potent of all biological functions exhibited by any natural vitamin E molecule. An expanding body of evidence support that members of the vitamin E family are functionally unique. In recognition of this fact, title claims in manuscripts should be limited to the specific form of vitamin E studied. For example, evidence for toxicity of a specific form of tocopherol in excess may not be used to conclude that high-dosage "vitamin E" supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Such conclusion incorrectly implies that tocotrienols are toxic as well under conditions where tocotrienols were not even considered. The current state of knowledge warrants strategic investment into the lesser known forms of vitamin E. This will enable prudent selection of the appropriate vitamin E molecule for studies addressing a specific need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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