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Xiao Y, Quan Y. Associations between dietary fatty acids intake and abdominal aortic calcification: a national population-based study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:73. [PMID: 38461250 PMCID: PMC10924990 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a crucial indicator of cardiovascular health. This study aims investigates the associations between dietary fatty acid intake and AAC. METHODS In this study, a cross-sectional assessment was performed on a group of 2,897 individuals aged 40 and above, utilizing data from the NHANES. The focus was on examining dietary consumption of various fatty acids, including Saturated (SFA), Monounsaturated (MUFA), Polyunsaturated (PUFA), as well as Omega-3 and Omega-6. The evaluation of AAC was done by applying the Kauppila AAC score to results obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. For statistical analysis, weighted multivariate linear and logistic regression were employed, with adjustments for variables like gender, age, ethnicity, and overall health condition. RESULTS Participants with higher intake of SFA and PUFA showed a positive association with AAC score, while higher levels of dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids was connected with a negative correlation. Subgroup analyses indicated consistent associations across different sexes and age groups. The study found that an increase in SFA and PUFA intake correlated with an increase in AAC score, whereas Omega-3 and Omega-6 intake correlated with a decrease. CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of dietary fatty acid composition in the prevalence of AAC and its potential implications for dietary guidelines and cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yingping Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
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Markey O, Garcimartín A, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem KE, Fagan CC, Humphries DJ, Todd S, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Impact of dairy fat manipulation on endothelial function and lipid regulation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to human plasma samples: an in vitro investigation from the RESET study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:539-548. [PMID: 38093120 PMCID: PMC10899290 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Longer-term intake of fatty acid (FA)-modified dairy products (SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched) was reported to attenuate postprandial endothelial function in humans, relative to conventional (control) dairy. Thus, we performed an in vitro study in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to investigate mechanisms underlying the effects observed in vivo. METHODS This sub-study was conducted within the framework of the RESET study, a 12-week randomised controlled crossover trial with FA-modified and control dairy diets. HAEC were incubated for 24 h with post-intervention plasma samples from eleven adults (age: 57.5 ± 6.0 years; BMI: 25.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2) at moderate cardiovascular disease risk following representative sequential mixed meals. Markers of endothelial function and lipid regulation were assessed. RESULTS Relative to control, HAEC incubation with plasma following the FA-modified treatment increased postprandial NOx production (P-interaction = 0.019), yet up-regulated relative E-selectin mRNA gene expression (P-interaction = 0.011). There was no impact on other genes measured. CONCLUSION Incubation of HAEC with human plasma collected after longer-term dairy fat manipulation had a beneficial impact on postprandial NOx production. Further ex vivo research is needed to understand the impact of partial replacement of SFA with unsaturated fatty acids in dairy foods on pathways involved in endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oonagh Markey
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dafni Vasilopoulou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Kirsty E Kliem
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Colette C Fagan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - David J Humphries
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Susan Todd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
| | - David I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
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Shirani M, Talebi S, Sadeghi O, Hassanizadeh S, Askari G, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A. Effects of marine-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation on soluble adhesion molecules: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106963. [PMID: 37863453 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects but their effects on serum levels of adhesion molecules are inconsistent and contradictory. In this updated systematic review and meta-analysis, marine sources of omega-3 fatty acids were pooled up to determine the effects of omega-3 supplementation on adhesion molecules. PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases (from inception to April 2023) were searched and all RCTs investigating the effects of marine sources of omega-3, on blood concentrations of adhesion molecules were included and a meta-analysis undertaken. Forty-two RCTs were included involving 3555 participants aged from 18 to 75 years. Meta-analysis of 38 arms from 30 RCTs reporting serum concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) showed a significant reduction after omega-3 supplementation (WMD: -1.26, 95% CI: -1.88 to -0.64 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of 40 arms from 30 RCTs reporting serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) revealed a reduction following omega-3 supplementation, although it was not significant (WMD: -1.76, 95%CI: -3.68 to 0.16 ng/mL, P = 0.07). Meta-analysis of 27 arms from 21 trials showed no effect on E-selectin (WMD: 0.01, 95%CI: -0.02 to 0.04 ng/mL, P = 0.62). Pooling 15 arms from 11 RCTs showed a marginally significant reducing effect on P-selectin concentrations (WMD: -2.67, 95%CI: -5.53 to 0.19 ng/mL, P = 0.06). A considerable decrease in VCAM concentration was observed after omega-3 supplementation in this meta-analysis with a trend to decreases in both ICAM and P-selectin levels, with effects that may be significant depending on study design, and there was no effect on E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shirani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Talebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Hassanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Boone KM, Klebanoff MA, Rogers LK, Rausch J, Coury DL, Keim SA. Effects of Omega-3-6-9 fatty acid supplementation on behavior and sleep in preterm toddlers with autism symptomatology: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Early Hum Dev 2022; 169:105588. [PMID: 35644107 PMCID: PMC9516351 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born extremely preterm disproportionately experience sequelae of preterm birth compared to those born at later gestational ages, including higher prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated behaviors. AIM Explore effects of combined dietary docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and oleic acid (omega 3-6-9) on caregiver-reported behavior and sleep in toddlers born at ≤29 weeks' gestation who were exhibiting symptoms commonly seen with ASD. STUDY DESIGN 90-day randomized (1:1), double blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SUBJECTS Thirty-one children aged 18-38 months received omega 3-6-9 (n = 15) or canola oil placebo (n = 16). OUTCOME MEASURES Mixed effects regression analyses followed intent to treat and explored treatment effects on measures of caregiver-reported behavior (Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5, Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire - Short Form, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition) and sleep (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire). RESULTS Twenty-nine of 31 (94%; ntx = 13, nplacebo = 16) children randomized had data available for at least one outcome measure, 27 (87%; ntx = 12, nplacebo = 15) had complete outcome data. Children randomized to omega 3-6-9 experienced a medium magnitude benefit of supplementation on anxious and depressed behaviors (ΔDifference = -1.27, d = -0.58, p = 0.049) and internalizing behaviors (ΔDifference = -3.41, d = -0.68, p = 0.05); and a large magnitude benefit on interpersonal relationship adaptive behaviors (ΔDifference = 7.50, d = 0.83, p = 0.01), compared to placebo. No effects were observed on other aspects of behavior or sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary support for further exploration of omega 3-6-9 during toddlerhood to improve socioemotional outcomes among children born preterm, especially for those showing early symptoms commonly seen with ASD. Results need to be replicated in a larger sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01683565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Boone
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Corresponding author at: 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. (K.M. Boone)
| | - Mark A. Klebanoff
- Center for Perinatal Research., Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lynette K. Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research., Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Rausch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Daniel L. Coury
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah A. Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Differential effects of single fatty acids and fatty acid mixtures on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/eNOS pathway in endothelial cells. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2463-2473. [PMID: 35157107 PMCID: PMC9279250 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fat composition is an important modulator of vascular function. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA) are thought to reduce vascular reactivity by attenuating insulin signalling via vasodilator pathways (phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)) and enhancing signalling via pro-inflammatory pathways. METHODS To examine the effects of fatty acids on these pathways, human aortic endothelial cells were incubated with single fatty acids, and mixtures of these fatty acids to mimic typical NEFA composition and concentrations achieved in our previous human study. RNA was extracted to determine gene expression using real-time RT-PCR and cell lysates prepared to assess protein phosphorylation by Western blotting. RESULTS Oleic acid (OA, 100 µM) was shown to down regulate expression of the insulin receptor, PTEN and a PI3K catalytic (p110β) and regulatory (p85α) subunit compared to palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids (P < 0.04), and promote greater eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. Both concentration and composition of the SFA and SFA plus n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mixtures had significant effects on genes involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway. Greater up-regulation was found with 800 than 400 µM concentration (respective of concentrations in insulin resistant and normal individuals), whereas greater down-regulation was evident with SFA plus n-3 PUFA than SFA mixture alone. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel insights into the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway by single fatty acids and fatty acid mixtures. In particular, OA appears to promote signalling via this pathway, with further work required to determine the primary molecular site(s) of action.
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Boone KM, Gracious B, Klebanoff MA, Rogers LK, Rausch J, Coury DL, Keim SA. Omega-3 and -6 fatty acid supplementation and sensory processing in toddlers with ASD symptomology born preterm: A randomized controlled trial. Early Hum Dev 2017; 115:64-70. [PMID: 28941976 PMCID: PMC9530960 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in the health and long-term survival of infants born preterm, they continue to face developmental challenges including higher risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and atypical sensory processing patterns. AIMS This secondary analysis aimed to describe sensory profiles and explore effects of combined dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) supplementation on parent-reported sensory processing in toddlers born preterm who were exhibiting ASD symptoms. STUDY DESIGN 90-day randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SUBJECTS 31 children aged 18-38months who were born at ≤29weeks' gestation. OUTCOME MEASURE Mixed effects regression analyses followed intent to treat and explored effects on parent-reported sensory processing measured by the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). RESULTS Baseline ITSP scores reflected atypical sensory processing, with the majority of atypical scores falling below the mean. Sensory processing sections: auditory (above=0%, below=65%), vestibular (above=13%, below=48%), tactile (above=3%, below=35%), oral sensory (above=10%; below=26%), visual (above=10%, below=16%); sensory processing quadrants: low registration (above=3%; below=71%), sensation avoiding (above=3%; below=39%), sensory sensitivity (above=3%; below=35%), and sensation seeking (above=10%; below=19%). Twenty-eight of 31 children randomized had complete outcome data. Although not statistically significant (p=0.13), the magnitude of the effect for reduction in behaviors associated with sensory sensitivity was medium to large (effect size=0.57). No other scales reflected a similar magnitude of effect size (range: 0.10 to 0.32). CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support for larger randomized trials of omega fatty acid supplementation for children at risk of sensory processing difficulties, especially those born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Boone
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Corresponding author at: 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. (K.M. Boone)
| | - Barbara Gracious
- Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Mark A. Klebanoff
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lynette K. Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Joseph Rausch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Daniel L. Coury
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Sarah A. Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA
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Dymkowska D, Kawalec M, Wyszomirski T, Zabłocki K. Mild palmitate treatment increases mitochondrial mass but does not affect EA.hy926 endothelial cells viability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 634:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Whey protein hydrolysate and branched-chain amino acids downregulate inflammation-related genes in vascular endothelial cells. Nutr Res 2017; 38:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Da Silva MS, Rudkowska I. Dairy nutrients and their effect on inflammatory profile in molecular studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1249-63. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine S. Da Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology; CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology; CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec QC Canada
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Livingstone KM, Givens DI, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA. Comparative effect of dairy fatty acids on cell adhesion molecules, nitric oxide and relative gene expression in healthy and diabetic human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:65-72. [PMID: 24632039 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dairy intake, despite its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This in vitro study determined the effect of individual fatty acids (FA) found in dairy, and FA mixtures representative of a high SFA and a low SFA dairy lipid on markers of endothelial function in healthy and type II diabetic aortic endothelial cells. METHODS Cells were incubated for 24 h with FA mixtures (400 μM) and individual FA: oleic acid (OA; 150 μM); palmitic acid (PA; 150 μM); stearic acid (SA: 40 μM); trans-palmitelaidic acid (trans-PA; 20 μM); trans-vaccenic acid (trans-VA; 20 μM); α-linolenic acid (ALA; 20 μM) and linoleic acid (LA; 20 μM). Cellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured using ELISA and a chemiluminescent-based assay, respectively. Relative gene expression of these markers, including the insulin receptor, was performed using real-time PCR as well as FA compositions of cell pellets by gas chromatography. RESULTS FA mixtures affected sE-selectin concentrations (P = 0.008), with concentrations lower following the high SFA compared to the low SFA mixture (P = 0.004), while NO concentrations were higher in diabetic compared to healthy cells (P = 0.029). Individual FA affected NO (P = 0.007) and sE-selectin (P = 0.040) concentrations with an increase following PA incubation relative to all other FA treatments (P < 0.05). PA increased sE-selectin compared with other FA treatments (P < 0.05). sE-selectin concentrations were also higher in healthy compared to diabetic cells (P = 0.023). Expression of ICAM-1 and insulin receptor was up-regulated in healthy compared to diabetic cells (P = 0.014 and P = 0.006 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Healthy and type II diabetic cells respond differently to incubation with FA treatments. Overall, physiological concentrations of dairy FA, but not dairy FA mixtures, substantially affected markers of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Livingstone
- Food Production and Quality Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - D I Givens
- Food Production and Quality Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - K G Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - J A Lovegrove
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
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Dessì M, Noce A, Bertucci P, Manca di Villahermosa S, Zenobi R, Castagnola V, Addessi E, Di Daniele N. Atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and inflammation: the significant role of polyunsaturated Fatty acids. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:191823. [PMID: 24049656 PMCID: PMC3767348 DOI: 10.1155/2013/191823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids play an essential role in cell membrane structure and function. The length and number of double bonds of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are main determinants of fluidity, transport systems, activity of membrane-bound enzymes, and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The fatty acid profile of serum lipids, especially the phospholipids, reflects the fatty acid composition of cell membranes. Moreover, long-chain n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids decrease very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion reducing triacylglycerol production. N-6 and n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids are the precursors of signalling molecules, termed "eicosanoids," which play an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 polyunsatured fatty acids have proinflammatory actions, while eicosanoids derived from n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids have anti-inflammatory ones. Previous studies showed that inflammation contributes to both the onset and progression of atherosclerosis: actually, atherosclerosis is predominantly a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease of the vessel wall. Several studies suggested the relationship between long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation, showing that fatty acids may decrease endothelial activation and affect eicosanoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Dessì
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Bertucci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Manca di Villahermosa
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Zenobi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Castagnola
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana Addessi
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Alcock J, Franklin ML, Kuzawa CW. Nutrient signaling: evolutionary origins of the immune-modulating effects of dietary fat. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2012; 87:187-223. [PMID: 22970557 DOI: 10.1086/666828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many dietary fatty acids (FA) have potent effects on inflammation, which is not only energetically costly, but also contributes to a range of chronic diseases. This presents an evolutionary paradox: Why should the host initiate a costly and damaging response to commonly encountered nutrients? We propose that the immune system has evolved a capacity to modify expenditure on inflammation to compensate for the effects of dietary FA on gut microorganisms. In a comprehensive literature review, we show that the body preferentially upregulates inflammation in response to saturated FA that promote harmful microbes. In contrast, the host opften reduces inflammation in response to the many unsaturated FA with antimicrobial properties. Our model is supported by contrasts involving shorter-chain FA and omega-3 FA, but with less consistent evidence for trans fats, which are a recent addition to the human diet. Our findings support the idea that the vertebrate immune system has evolved a capacity to detect diet-driven shipfts in the composition of gut microbiota from the profile of FA consumed and to calibrate the costs of inflammation in response to these cues. We conclude by extending the nutrient signaling model to other nutrients, and consider implications for drug discovery and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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Catalán U, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pons L, Heras M, Aragonés G, Anglès N, Morelló JR, Solà R. Alpha-tocopherol and BAY 11-7082 reduce vascular cell adhesion molecule in human aortic endothelial cells. J Vasc Res 2012; 49:319-28. [PMID: 22572606 DOI: 10.1159/000337466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In endothelial dysfunction, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression (collectively termed cell adhesion molecules; CAMs) increase at sites of atherosclerosis and are stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). METHODS We evaluated the effect of alpha-tocopherol (AT; 10-150 µM) and BAY 11-7082 (BAY; 0.1 or 1 µM) on CAMs mRNA expression as well as their protein in soluble release form (sCAMs) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) activated by TNF-α (1 or 10 ng/ml). Also, we determined the extent of lymphocyte adhesion to activated HAECs. RESULTS BAY reduced VCAM-1, E-selectin and ICAM-1 mRNA expression by 30, 30 and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, protein reduction of sVCAM-1 by 70%, sE-selectin by 51% and sICAM-1 by 25% compared to HAECs stimulated by TNF-α was observed (p < 0.05). AT (50, 75 and 150 µM) decreased VCAM-1 mRNA expression by 30% and sVCAM-1 protein by 33% compared to HAECs stimulated by TNF-α (p < 0.05). TNF-α-activated HAEC adhesion to human Jurkat T lymphocytes was higher compared to nonactivated HAECs (p < 0.05). BAY (2 and 5 µM) reduced this lymphocyte adhesion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION BAY reduces all the CAMs studied as well as cell adhesion, while AT selectively inhibits VCAM-1; both induce endothelial dysfunction improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Catalán
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Kiec-Wilk B, Czech U, Janczarska K, Knapp A, Goralska J, Cialowicz U, Malecki MT, Dembinska-Kiec A. Connexin 43 and metabolic effect of fatty acids in stressed endothelial cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:257-63. [PMID: 21948354 PMCID: PMC3316752 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψ) may lead either to apoptosis or to protective autophagy. Connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, is suggested to affect mitochondrial membrane permeability. The aim of our study was to analyze Cx43 gene expression, Cx43 protein localization and mitochondrial function in the human endothelial cells stressed by dietary-free fatty acids (FFA) and TNFα. Human endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with (10–30 uM) palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) or arachidonic (AA) acids for 24 h. TNFα (5 ng/ml) was added at the last 4 h of incubation. The Cx43 gene expression was analyzed by the quantitative real-time PCR. The Cx43 protein concentrations in whole cells and in the isolated mitochondria were measured. Changes in ∆ψ and Cx43 localization were analyzed by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. Generated ATP was measured by a luminescence assay. TNFα, PA and OA significantly decreased ∆ψ, while AA (P = 0.047) and EPA (P = 0.004) increased ∆ψ value. Preincubation with EPA or AA partially prevented the TNFα-induced decrease of ∆ψ. Incubation with AA resulted in up-regulation of the Cx43 gene expression. AA or PA significantly increased Cx43 protein content; however, presence of TNFα in general aggravated the negative effect of FFA. Only EPA was found to increase ATP generation in HUVECs. The fatty acid-specific induction of changes in Cx43 expression and protein concentration as well as the normalization of ∆ψ and increase of ATP generation seem to be the separate, independent mechanisms of FFA-mediated modulatory effect in the human endothelial cells pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kiec-Wilk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland,
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Abstract
Compelling evidence exists for the cardioprotective benefits resulting from consumption of fatty acids from fish oils, EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3). EPA and DHA alter membrane fluidity, interact with transcription factors such as PPAR and sterol regulatory element binding protein, and are substrates for enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450. As a result, fish oils may improve cardiovascular health by altering lipid metabolism, inducing haemodynamic changes, decreasing arrhythmias, modulating platelet function, improving endothelial function and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. The independent effects of EPA and DHA are poorly understood. While both EPA and DHA decrease TAG levels, only DHA appears to increase HDL and LDL particle size. Evidence to date suggests that DHA is more efficient in decreasing blood pressure, heart rate and platelet aggregation compared to EPA. Fish oil consumption appears to improve arterial compliance and endothelial function; it is not yet clear as to whether differences exist between EPA and DHA in their vascular effects. In contrast, the beneficial effect of fish oils on inflammation and insulin sensitivity observed in vitro and in animal studies has not been confirmed in human subjects. Further investigation to clarify the relative effects of consuming EPA and DHA at a range of doses would enable elaboration of current understanding regarding cardioprotective effects of consuming oily fish and algal sources of long chain n-3 PUFA, and provide clearer evidence for the clinical therapeutic potential of consuming either EPA or DHA-rich oils.
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Abstract
The endothelium is critical for the maintenance of a proper vessel function. Disturbances of endothelial function, called endothelial dysfunction, have serious implications, and lead to the development of atherosclerosis. It is well established that the risk for atherosclerosis development is influenced by nutritional factors such as the intake of certain fatty acids. Due to the fundamental role of the endothelium for atherosclerosis development, it is, therefore, likely that fatty acids directly influence the function of endothelial cells. The present review aims to explain the divergent effects of different types of fatty acids on cardiovascular disease risk by summarizing in vitro-data on the effects of fatty acids on (1) important signalling pathways involved in the modulation of endothelial cell function, and (2) endothelial cell functional properties, namely vasoactive mediator release and mononuclear cell recruitment, both of which are typically dysregulated during endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Tull SP, Yates CM, Maskrey BH, O'Donnell VB, Madden J, Grimble RF, Calder PC, Nash GB, Rainger GE. Omega-3 Fatty acids and inflammation: novel interactions reveal a new step in neutrophil recruitment. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e1000177. [PMID: 19707265 PMCID: PMC2718617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While investigating new mechanisms by which the dietary omega-3 fatty acids regulate inflammation, the authors have identified a new step in the regulation of neutrophil migration across vascular endothelial cells. Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue trauma or infection, but leukocytes, which are the effector cells of the inflammatory process, have powerful tissue remodelling capabilities. Thus, to ensure their precise localisation, passage of leukocytes from the blood into inflamed tissue is tightly regulated. Recruitment of blood borne neutrophils to the tissue stroma occurs during early inflammation. In this process, peptide agonists of the chemokine family are assumed to provide a chemotactic stimulus capable of supporting the migration of neutrophils across vascular endothelial cells, through the basement membrane of the vessel wall, and out into the tissue stroma. Here, we show that, although an initial chemokine stimulus is essential for the recruitment of flowing neutrophils by endothelial cells stimulated with the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α, transit of the endothelial monolayer is regulated by an additional and downstream stimulus. This signal is supplied by the metabolism of the omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6-PUFA), arachidonic acid, into the eicosanoid prostaglandin-D2 (PGD2) by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. This new step in the neutrophil recruitment process was revealed when the dietary n-3-PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), was utilised as an alternative substrate for COX enzymes, leading to the generation of PGD3. This alternative series eicosanoid inhibited the migration of neutrophils across endothelial cells by antagonising the PGD2 receptor. Here, we describe a new step in the neutrophil recruitment process that relies upon a lipid-mediated signal to regulate the migration of neutrophils across endothelial cells. PGD2 signalling is subordinate to the chemokine-mediated activation of neutrophils, but without the sequential delivery of this signal, neutrophils fail to penetrate the endothelial cell monolayer. Importantly, the ability of the dietary n-3-PUFA, EPA, to inhibit this process not only revealed an unsuspected level of regulation in the migration of inflammatory leukocytes, it also contributes to our understanding of the interactions of this bioactive lipid with the inflammatory system. Moreover, it indicates the potential for novel therapeutics that target the inflammatory system with greater affinity and/or specificity than supplementing the diet with n-3-PUFAs. Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue trauma or infection. Neutrophils, which circulate in the blood stream, are the first inflammatory cells to be recruited to a site of tissue inflammation. In response to recruitment signals provided by chemotactic peptides called chemokines, neutrophils traverse the endothelial cell lining of blood vessels. This process involves a multistep cascade of neutrophil adhesion and activation events on the endothelial barrier. While investigating the anti-inflammatory functions of the omega-3 fatty acid , EPA, which is found, for instance, in dietary fish oil, we identified an additional unexpected lipid-derived signal that is essential for neutrophil migration across the endothelium. Our experiments show that a chemokine delivered the first signal needed to bind neutrophils firmly to the endothelial surface. However, in order to traverse the endothelium, a subsequent signal delivered by prostaglandin-D2 (PGD2), a lipid derived from the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, was essential. When EPA, was introduced into the experiment, it was used to form PGD3. This alternative lipid blocked interactions between PGD2 and its receptor on neutrophils, preventing the process of migration across the endothelial barrier. Thus, we reveal a new step in the recruitment of neutrophils during inflammation, and a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of dietary EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P. Tull
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clara M. Yates
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin H. Maskrey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B. O'Donnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Madden
- Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F. Grimble
- Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard B. Nash
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - G. Ed. Rainger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Masi LN, Silva ÉPP. A influência dos ácidos graxos trans na disfunção da célula endotelial e o possível efeito terapêutico do exercício sobre o tecido endotelial como forma de prevenção ou regressão da aterosclerose. J Vasc Bras 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-54492009000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O endotélio atua ativamente na regulação do tônus vascular, sintetizando e liberando substâncias vasoativas. A inflamação e os fatores de risco cardiovasculares alteram a homeostase vascular, levando à disfunção endotelial e possível formação de placas de ateroma. O aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de ácidos graxos livres pode causar lipotoxicidade vascular, disfunção do endotélio e, finalmente, aterosclerose. Dieta rica em lipídeos contendo ácidos graxos trans tem correlação positiva com a progressão de doenças cardiovasculares. Mudanças no estilo de vida, na adoção de dieta balanceada e atividade física são estratégias para a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e a reabilitação de pacientes. Nesta revisão, discutimos a influência benéfica do exercício físico em aspectos importantes da disfunção endotelial causados pelos ácidos graxos trans, incluindo evidências recentes e/ou ainda não exploradas. Discutimos também quais seriam os mecanismos envolvidos no comprometimento funcional da célula endotelial frente ao aumento de ácidos graxos trans na circulação.
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Dietary saturated and unsaturated fats as determinants of blood pressure and vascular function. Nutr Res Rev 2009; 22:18-38. [DOI: 10.1017/s095442240925846x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The amount and type of dietary fat have long been associated with the risk of CVD. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors in the aetiology of CHD. A range of methods exists to assess vascular function that may be used in nutritional science, including clinic and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated dilatation and venous occlusion plethysmography. The present review focuses on the quantity and type of dietary fat and effects on blood pressure, arterial compliance and endothelial function. Concerning fat quantity, the amount of dietary fat consumed habitually appears to have little influence on vascular function independent of fatty acid composition, although single high-fat meals postprandially impair endothelial function compared with low-fat meals. The mechanism is related to increased circulating lipoproteins and NEFA which may induce pro-inflammatory pathways and increase oxidative stress. Regarding the type of fat, cross-sectional data suggest that saturated fat adversely affects vascular function whereas polyunsaturated fat (mainly linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) and n-3 PUFA) are beneficial. EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) can reduce blood pressure, improve arterial compliance in type 2 diabetics and dyslipidaemics, and augment endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The mechanisms for this vascular protection, and the nature of the separate physiological effects induced by EPA and DHA, are priorities for future research. Since good-quality observational or interventional data on dietary fatty acid composition and vascular function are scarce, no further recommendations can be suggested in addition to current guidelines at the present time.
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Wang S, Wu D, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Lecker JL, Lichtenstein AH. Reduction in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ratio minimizes atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammatory response in the LDL receptor null mouse. Atherosclerosis 2008; 204:147-55. [PMID: 18842266 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary very long chain omega (omega)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been associated with reduced CVD risk, the mechanisms of which have yet to be fully elucidated. LDL receptor null mice (LDLr-/-) were used to assess the effect of different ratios of dietary omega-6 PUFA to eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (omega-6:EPA+DHA) on atherogenesis and inflammatory response. Mice were fed high saturated fat diets without EPA and DHA (HSF omega-6), or with omega-6:EPA+DHA at ratios of 20:1 (HSF R=20:1), 4:1 (HSF R=4:1), and 1:1 (HSF R=1:1) for 32 weeks. Mice fed the lowest omega-6:EPA+DHA ratio diet had lower circulating concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol (25%, P<0.05) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (44%, P<0.05) compared to mice fed the HSF omega-6 diet. Aortic and elicited peritoneal macrophage (Mphi) total cholesterol were 24% (P=0.07) and 25% (P<0.05) lower, respectively, in HSF R=1:1 compared to HSF omega-6 fed mice. MCP-1 mRNA levels and secretion were 37% (P<0.05) and 38% (P<0.05) lower, respectively, in elicited peritoneal Mphi isolated from HSF R=1:1 compared to HSF omega-6 fed mice. mRNA and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette A1, and mRNA levels of TNFalpha were significantly lower in elicited peritoneal Mphi isolated from HSF R=1:1 fed mice, whereas there was no significant effect of diets with different omega-6:EPA+DHA ratios on CD36, Mphi scavenger receptor 1, scavenger receptor B1 and IL-6 mRNA or protein levels. These data suggest that lower omega-6:EPA+DHA ratio diets lowered some measures of inflammation and Mphi cholesterol accumulation, which was associated with less aortic lesion formation in LDLr-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Index of Authors. Proc Nutr Soc 2007. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665107005927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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