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Petersen KS, Smith S, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Li Z, Sabate J, Rajaram S, Segovia-Siapco G, Reboussin DM, Kris-Etherton PM. One Avocado per Day as Part of Usual Intake Improves Diet Quality: Exploratory Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102079. [PMID: 38375072 PMCID: PMC10875193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Few clinical trials have evaluated diet quality change as a predictor of intervention effectiveness. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine changes in the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 after a food-based intervention, and assess the associations between HEI-2015 change and intervention effects on cardiometabolic risk-related outcomes. Methods The Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial was a 26-wk, multicenter, randomized, controlled parallel-arm study. Participants were 1008 individuals aged ≥25 y with abdominal obesity (females ≥ 35 inches; males ≥ 40 inches). The avocado-supplemented diet group was provided 1 avocado per day, and the habitual diet group maintained their usual diet. Change in diet quality was assessed using the HEI-2015 from a single 24-h recall conducted at 4 time points. Mixed models were used for analysis. Results The avocado-supplemented diet group had a greater increase in the HEI-2015 (4.74 points; 95% CI: 2.93, 6.55) at 26 wk than the habitual diet group. Compared with the habitual diet group, the avocado-supplemented diet group had greater increases in the following HEI-2015 components from baseline: total vegetables (0.99 points; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.21), fatty acid ratio (2.25 points; 95% CI: 1.74, 2.77), sodium (1.03 points; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.55), refined grains (0.82 points; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.31), and added sugars (0.84 points; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.19). No differences in HEI-2015 improvements were observed by race, ethnicity, study site, body mass index, or age category. In the avocado-supplemented diet compared with the habitual diet group, the HEI-2015 increased in females (6.50 points; 95% CI: 4.39, 8.62) but not in males (0.02 points; 95% CI: -3.44, 3.48). Median HEI-2015 change was not associated with intervention-related changes in cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Conclusions Intake of 1 avocado per day for 26 wk in adults with abdominal obesity increased adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Changes in diet quality did not predict changes in risk factors for cardiometabolic disease.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03528031 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03528031).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Sydney Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, Unite States
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joan Sabate
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Gina Segovia-Siapco
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - David M Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, Unite States
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
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So J, Wu D, Tai AK, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S. Monocyte transcriptomic profile following EPA and DHA supplementation in men and women with low-grade chronic inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2024; 388:117407. [PMID: 38091778 PMCID: PMC10872449 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicate considerable variability in response to very long chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk. This inconsistency may be due to differential effects of EPA vs DHA and/or sex-specific responses. METHODS Sixteen subjects (eight men and eight women) 50-75 y and with low-grade chronic inflammation participated in a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing 3 g/d EPA, 3 g/d DHA, and placebo (3 g/d high oleic acid sunflower oil). Blood monocytes were isolated at the end of each phase for RNA-sequencing. RESULTS Sex dimorphism in monocyte gene expression was observed, therefore, data for men and women were analyzed separately. 1088 genes were differentially expressed in men and 997 in women (p < 0.05). In both men and women, EPA and DHA repressed genes involved in protein turnover and mitochondrial energy metabolism, relative to placebo. In men only, EPA and DHA upregulated genes related to wound healing and PPARα activation. In women only, EPA and DHA activated genes related to ER stress response. Relative to DHA, EPA resulted in lower expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes in men, and lower expression of genes involved in ER stress response in women. CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA supplementation elicited both similar and differential effects on monocyte transcriptome, some of which were sex specific. The observed variability in response to EPA and DHA in men and women could in part explain the conflicting results from previous cardiovascular clinical trials using omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun So
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Worldwide dietary guidelines in the late 20th century promoted a low-fat diet, based, in part, on the notion that dietary fat, the most energy dense macronutrient, causes excess weight gain. However, high-quality evidence accumulating since then refute a direct association between dietary fat and adiposity. Moreover, substitution of carbohydrates for unsaturated fat can increase insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease, especially among populations with highly prevalent insulin resistance. In this context, the recent WHO conditional recommendation to carry forward the guidance to limit dietary fat to ≤30% seems ill advised and should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frank B Hu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Walter C Willett
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
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Volpp KG, Berkowitz SA, Sharma SV, Anderson CAM, Brewer LC, Elkind MSV, Gardner CD, Gervis JE, Harrington RA, Herrero M, Lichtenstein AH, McClellan M, Muse J, Roberto CA, Zachariah JPV. Food Is Medicine: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 148:1417-1439. [PMID: 37767686 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy diets are a major impediment to achieving a healthier population in the United States. Although there is a relatively clear sense of what constitutes a healthy diet, most of the US population does not eat healthy food at rates consistent with the recommended clinical guidelines. An abundance of barriers, including food and nutrition insecurity, how food is marketed and advertised, access to and affordability of healthy foods, and behavioral challenges such as a focus on immediate versus delayed gratification, stand in the way of healthier dietary patterns for many Americans. Food Is Medicine may be defined as the provision of healthy food resources to prevent, manage, or treat specific clinical conditions in coordination with the health care sector. Although the field has promise, relatively few studies have been conducted with designs that provide strong evidence of associations between Food Is Medicine interventions and health outcomes or health costs. Much work needs to be done to create a stronger body of evidence that convincingly demonstrates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different types of Food Is Medicine interventions. An estimated 90% of the $4.3 trillion annual cost of health care in the United States is spent on medical care for chronic disease. For many of these diseases, diet is a major risk factor, so even modest improvements in diet could have a significant impact. This presidential advisory offers an overview of the state of the field of Food Is Medicine and a road map for a new research initiative that strategically approaches the outstanding questions in the field while prioritizing a human-centered design approach to achieve high rates of patient engagement and sustained behavior change. This will ideally happen in the context of broader efforts to use a health equity-centered approach to enhance the ways in which our food system and related policies support improvements in health.
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Ukegbu TE, Wylie-Rosett J, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Diamantis PM, Rieder J, Ginsberg M, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Shankar V. Waist-to-height ratio associated cardiometabolic risk phenotype in children with overweight/obesity. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1549. [PMID: 37582739 PMCID: PMC10426079 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with an elevated risk of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) may be a simple screening tool to quickly identify children at elevated risk for cardiometabolic disorders. The primary objective of the present study was to create sex-specific tertile cut points of WHtR and assess its association with Insulin resistance and elevated liver enzyme concentrations in children, factors using cross-sectional data from the randomized, controlled Family Weight Management Study. METHODS Baseline data from 360 children (7-12 years, mean Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile for age and sex) were used to calculate WHtR tertiles by sex, male: ≤ 0.55 (T1), > 0.55- ≤ 0.59 (T2), > 0.59 (T3); female: ≤ 0.56 (T1), > 0.56- ≤ 0.6 (T2), > 0.6 (T3). The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to categorize participants as insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.6) and insulin-sensitive (HOMA-IR < 2.6). Liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were categorized as normal vs. elevated (AST of < 36.0 µkat/L or ≥ 36.0 µkat/L; ALT of < 30.0 µkat/L or ≥ 30.0 µkat/L; ALT > 26 µkat/L males, > 22 µkat/L females). We examined differences in baseline cardiometabolic risk factors by WHtR tertiles and sex-specific multivariable logistic regression models to predict HOMA-IR and elevation of liver enzymes. RESULTS Study participants had a mean WHtR of 0.59 ([SD: 0.06]). Irrespective of sex, children in WHtR T3 had higher BMIz scores, blood pressure, triglycerides, 2-h glucose, fasting 2-h insulin, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations than those in T2 and T1. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of elevated HOMA-IR (> 2.6) were over five-fold higher among males in T3 versus T1 [OR, 95%CI: 5.83, 2.34-14.52] and T2 [OR, 95%CI: 4.81, 1.94-11.92] and females in T3 [OR, 95%CI: 5.06, 2.10-12.20] versus T1. The odds of elevated ALT values (≥ 30) were 2.9 [95%CI: 1.01-8.41] fold higher among females in T3 compared to T1. CONCLUSION In public health settings, WHtR may be a practical screening tool in pediatric populations to identify children at risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochi E Ukegbu
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Adriana E Groisman-Perelstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, NY, 10461, Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, USA
| | - Pamela M Diamantis
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, NY, 10461, Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, USA
| | - Jessica Rieder
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Mindy Ginsberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, MA, 02111, Boston, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, MA, 02111, Boston, USA
| | - Viswanathan Shankar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Ganz P, Miller ER, Coresh J, Appel LJ, Rebholz CM. Associations of circulating proteins with lipoprotein profiles: proteomic analyses from the OmniHeart randomized trial and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37400771 PMCID: PMC10316599 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within healthy dietary patterns, manipulation of the proportion of macronutrient can reduce CVD risk. However, the biological pathways underlying healthy diet-disease associations are poorly understood. Using an untargeted, large-scale proteomic profiling, we aimed to (1) identify proteins mediating the association between healthy dietary patterns varying in the proportion of macronutrient and lipoproteins, and (2) validate the associations between diet-related proteins and lipoproteins in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. METHODS In 140 adults from the OmniHeart trial, a randomized, cross-over, controlled feeding study with 3 intervention periods (carbohydrate-rich; protein-rich; unsaturated fat-rich dietary patterns), 4,958 proteins were quantified at the end of each diet intervention period using an aptamer assay (SomaLogic). We assessed differences in log2-transformed proteins in 3 between-diet comparisons using paired t-tests, examined the associations between diet-related proteins and lipoproteins using linear regression, and identified proteins mediating these associations using a causal mediation analysis. Levels of diet-related proteins and lipoprotein associations were validated in the ARIC study (n = 11,201) using multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for important confounders. RESULTS Three between-diet comparisons identified 497 significantly different proteins (protein-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich = 18; unsaturated fat-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich = 335; protein-rich vs. unsaturated fat-rich dietary patterns = 398). Of these, 9 proteins [apolipoprotein M, afamin, collagen alpha-3(VI) chain, chitinase-3-like protein 1, inhibin beta A chain, palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, guanylate-binding protein 2, COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7b] were positively associated with lipoproteins [high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) = 2; triglyceride = 5; non-HDL-C = 3; total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio = 1]. Another protein, sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, was inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio. The proportion of the association between diet and lipoproteins mediated by these 10 proteins ranged from 21 to 98%. All of the associations between diet-related proteins and lipoproteins were significant in the ARIC study, except for afamin. CONCLUSIONS We identified proteins that mediate the association between healthy dietary patterns varying in macronutrients and lipoproteins in a randomized feeding study and an observational study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00051350 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Peter Ganz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Edgar R. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Kim H, Appel LJ, Lichtenstein AH, Wong KE, Chatterjee N, Rhee EP, Rebholz CM. Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Blood Pressure Reduction in Response to the DASH and DASH-Sodium Dietary Interventions. Hypertension 2023; 80:1494-1506. [PMID: 37161796 PMCID: PMC10262995 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets reduced blood pressure (BP) in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We identified metabolites associated with systolic BP or diastolic BP (DBP) changes induced by dietary interventions (DASH versus control arms) in 2 randomized controlled feeding studies-the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials. METHODS Metabolomic profiling was conducted in serum and urine samples collected at the end of diet interventions: DASH (n=219) and DASH-Sodium (n=395). Using multivariable linear regression models, associations were examined between metabolites and change in systolic BP and DBP. Tested for interactions between diet interventions and metabolites were the following comparisons: (1) DASH versus control diets in the DASH trial (serum), (2) DASH high-sodium versus control high-sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial (urine), and (3) DASH low-sodium versus control high-sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial (urine). RESULTS Sixty-five significant interactions were identified (DASH trial [serum], 12; DASH high sodium [urine], 35; DASH low sodium [urine], 18) between metabolites and systolic BP or DBP. In the DASH trial, serum tryptophan betaine was associated with reductions in DBP in participants consuming the DASH diets but not control diets (P interaction, 0.023). In the DASH-Sodium trial, urine levels of N-methylglutamate and proline derivatives (eg, stachydrine, 3-hydroxystachydrine, N-methylproline, and N-methylhydroxyproline) were associated with reductions in systolic BP or DBP in participants consuming the DASH diets but not control diets (P interaction, <0.05 for all tests). CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolites that were associated with BP lowering in response to dietary interventions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03403166; Unique identifier: NCT03403166 (DASH trial). URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT00000608; Unique identifier: NCT00000608 (DASH-Sodium trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A., C.M.R.)
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (A.H.L.)
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC (K.E.W.)
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics (N.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Nephrology Division and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.P.R.)
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Ganz P, Du S, Tang O, Yu B, Chatterjee N, Appel LJ, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Identification of Protein Biomarkers of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet in Randomized Feeding Studies and Validation in an Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028821. [PMID: 36974735 PMCID: PMC10122905 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention. We aimed to identify protein biomarkers of the DASH diet using data from 2 randomized feeding studies and validate them in an observational study, the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Methods and Results Large-scale proteomic profiling was conducted in serum specimens (SomaLogic) collected at the end of 8-week and 4-week DASH diet interventions in multicenter, randomized controlled feeding studies of the DASH trial (N=215) and the DASH-Sodium trial (N=396), respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare the relative abundance of 7241 proteins between the DASH and control diet interventions. Estimates from the 2 trials were meta-analyzed using fixed-effects models. We validated significant proteins in the ARIC study (N=10 490) using the DASH diet score. At a false discovery rate <0.05, there were 71 proteins that were different between the DASH diet and control diet in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials. Nineteen proteins were validated in the ARIC study. The 19 proteins collectively improved the prediction of the DASH diet intervention in the feeding studies (range of difference in C statistics, 0.267-0.313; P<0.001 for both tests) and the DASH diet score in the ARIC study (difference in C statistics, 0.017; P<0.001) beyond participant characteristics. Conclusions We identified 19 proteins robustly associated with the DASH diet in 3 studies, which may serve as biomarkers of the DASH diet. These results suggest potential pathways that are impacted by consumption of the DASH diet. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT03403166, NCT00000608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Peter Ganz
- Cardiovascular Division, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Shutong Du
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Olive Tang
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston School of Public Health Houston TX
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD
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Huang NK, Lichtenstein AH, Matuszek G, Matthan NR. Comparison of Plasma Metabolome Response to Diets Enriched in Soybean and Partially-Hydrogenated Soybean Oil in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Adults-A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:474. [PMID: 37110133 PMCID: PMC10140885 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Partially-hydrogenated fat/trans fatty acid intake has been associated with adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Comparatively unexplored is the effect of unmodified oil relative to partially-hydrogenated fat on the plasma metabolite profile and lipid-related pathways. To address this gap, we conducted secondary analyses using a subset of samples randomly selected from a controlled dietary intervention trial involving moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. Participants (N = 10, 63 ± 8 y, BMI, 26.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2, LDL-C, 3.9 ± 0.5 mmol/L) were provided with diets enriched in soybean oil (SO) and partially-hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO). Plasma metabolite concentrations were determined using an untargeted approach and pathway analysis using LIPIDMAPS. Data were assessed using a volcano plot, receiver operating characteristics curve, partial least square-discrimination analysis and Pearson correlations. Among the known metabolites higher in plasma after the PHSO diet than the SO diet, the majority were phospholipids (53%) and di- and triglycerides (DG/TG, 34%). Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from DG and phosphatidylethanolamine. We identified seven metabolites (TG_56:9, TG_54:8, TG_54:7, TG_54:6, TG_48:5, DG_36:5 and benproperine) as potential biomarkers for PHSO intake. These data indicate that TG-related metabolites were the most affected lipid species, and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis was the most active pathway in response to PHSO compared to SO intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K. Huang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gregory Matuszek
- Bionformatics Core Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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10
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Gervis JE, Ma J, Chui K, Lichtenstein AH. Abstract P424: Associations of Taste-Related Genes With Empirical Dietary Patterns Among Community-Dwelling Adults - The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.147.suppl_1.p424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Understanding the genetic contribution to food choices and intake is critical for the development of effective precision nutrition guidance. Recent findings by our lab suggest that genetic variants (SNPs) related to bitter and umami taste perception are differentially associated with food group intakes. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of bitter- and umami-related SNPs, combined as polygenic taste scores, with overall dietary patterns.
Methods:
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 5,817 Framingham Heart Study Offspring (1998-2001) and Third Generation (2002-05) participants (mean age ± SD: 50 ± 14 years; 54% female). Weighed polygenic taste scores were derived using SNPs identified from prior genome-wide association studies for taste perception (11 SNPs: 9 bitter and 2 umami). Higher scores indicated more alleles for higher taste perception. Empirical dietary patterns were derived using Principal Component (PC) analysis with food groups tabulated from food frequency questionnaires. Associations were assessed using linear mixed effects models with FDR adjustment.
Results:
Three dietary patterns were identified, explaining 32% of total variance in dietary intake: a vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish pattern (Prudent); a refined grains, sweets, salty foods, and pizza pattern (Western); and a liquor, beer, and wine pattern (Alcohol). On average, after adjusting for age, sex, genetic PCs and energy intake, higher umami polygenic taste scores were associated with lower adherence to the Prudent dietary pattern (OR [95% CI] for upper vs. lower tertial of dietary pattern adherence scores per additional allele for higher umami perception: 0.87 [0.79, 0.97];
P
= 0.01). Subsequent analysis at the SNP-level identified one umami-related SNP (rs7691456_T) independently associated with lower Prudent dietary pattern adherence (
P
= 0.009), potentially driving the observed association. Both associations remained significant after additional adjustment for smoking, physical activity, and BMI. No significant associations were identified for bitter-related genes and dietary patterns.
Conclusions:
Among community dwelling adults, higher genetic predisposition to perceive umami was associated with lower adherence to a Prudent dietary pattern, suggesting the potential benefit of leveraging knowledge of taste-related genes in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Gervis
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Rsch Cntr on Aging, Tufts Univ, Boston, MA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Friedman Sch of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts Univ, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Dept of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts Univ, Boston, MA
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11
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Kim H, Appel LJ, Lichtenstein AH, Wong K, Chatterjee N, Rhee EP, Rebholz CM. Abstract P208: Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Blood Pressure Reduction in Response to the DASH and DASH-Sodium Trials. Circulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.147.suppl_1.p208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet significantly reduced blood pressure (BP) in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that certain metabolites will be associated with BP reductions.
Methods:
Metabolomic profiling was conducted at the end of the diet interventions for participants randomly assigned to the DASH or control diet in multicenter, controlled feeding studies: DASH (N=219) and DASH-Sodium trials (N=395). Using multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between metabolites and BP change, we tested for interactions between diet and metabolites for the following comparisons: 1) DASH vs. control diets in the DASH trial, 2) DASH-high sodium vs. control-high sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial, and 3) DASH-low sodium vs. control-high sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial. Pathway overrepresentation analysis was constructed for significant metabolites.
Results:
Identified were 65 significant interactions [DASH=12; DASH-high sodium=35; DASH-low sodium=18]. Most amino acids (16/19), cofactors and vitamins (15/15), xenobiotics (9/13), peptides (4/5), and a nucleotide (1/1) were higher in participants consuming the DASH diets vs. the control diets. These metabolites were associated with BP reductions in participants consuming the DASH diets, but not control diets (
Figure
). Many lipid metabolites (10/12) were lower in participants consuming the DASH vs. the control diets. Lipid concentrations were associated with BP elevations in participants consuming the DASH diets and with BP reductions in participants consuming the control diets. Metabolites associated with tocopherol metabolism, ceramides, and pantothenate and CoA metabolism were overrepresented.
Conclusions:
Using data from randomized feeding studies, we identified metabolites that were associated with BP lowering. These metabolites highlight the pathways through which DASH diet reduced BP.
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12
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Zhang W, Matuszek G, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR. Abstract P425: Diets Enriched in Stearate, Palmitate, and Oleate Differentially Modulate Gut Microbiome Composition in Post-Menopausal Women. Circulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.147.suppl_1.p425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Dietary stearic acid (18:0), a major saturated fatty acid (SFA) in Western diets, does not raise plasma LDL-C concentrations relative to other shorter chain SFAs (palmitic [16:0], myristic [14:0] and lauric [12:0]), and is associated with lower CVD risk. We investigated whether the cardioprotective effects of 18:0 and its metabolic product oleic acid (18:1, a monounsaturated fatty acid) relative to 16:0 is mediated via alterations in the gut microbiome.
Methods:
Twenty mildly hypercholesterolemic (LDL-C>100mg/dL) post-menopausal women (50-85 years; BMI 25-35kg/m
2
) consumed each of 3 isocaloric diets for 5 weeks according to a randomized controlled cross-over design. Diets provided 55%E carbohydrate, 15%E protein and 30%E fat with half of the fat provided by 16:0, 18:0 or 18:1, respectively. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each diet phase and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Alpha diversity (Shannon index, Simpson index and observed counts) was compared between diet groups using two-sample non-parametric tests. Beta-diversity was assessed using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity with PERMANOVA test. Differences in metagenomic features by diet group were evaluated using Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) models of pairwise diet differences developed using the R package ‘mixOmics’.
Results:
No significant differences were observed in alpha and beta diversity between diet groups. However, the variability in microbial relative abundance was greater after participants consumed the 18:0 and 18:1 diets compared to the 16:0 diet. Specifically, mean relative abundance of
Bacterioides dorei
,
Bacteroides vulgatus
, and
Ruminococcus
were highest after participants consumed the 18:0 relative to the 16:0 diet and intermediate after the 18:1 diet. The relative abundance of
Coprococcus
,
Parabacteroides distasonis
,
Coprobacillus
and
Blautia
were higher after participants consumed the 18:1 relative to the 16:0 diet. These microbial species have been associated with several anti-inflammatory pathways and decreased bacterial lipopolysaccharide production.
Conclusion:
These data document modest but distinctive effects of dietary SFAs on gut microbiome composition and functionality, suggesting that the favorable effects of 18:0 and 18:1 relative to 16:0 on CVD risk factors could be mediated, in part, by the gut microbiome.
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13
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Gervis JE, Ma J, Chui KKH, McKeown NM, Levy D, Lichtenstein AH. Bitter- and Umami-Related Genes are Differentially Associated with Food Group Intakes: the Framingham Heart Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:483-492. [PMID: 36774228 PMCID: PMC10196583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As suboptimal diet quality remains the leading modifiable contributor to chronic disease risk, it is important to better understand the individual-level drivers of food choices. Recently, a genetic component of food choices was proposed based on variants (SNPs) in genes related to taste perception (taste-related SNPs). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the cumulative contribution of taste-related SNPs for basic tastes (bitter, sweet, umami, salt, and sour), summarized as "polygenic taste scores," to food group intakes among adults. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 6230 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age ± SD: 50 ± 14 y; 54% female). Polygenic taste scores were derived for tastes with ≥2 related SNPs identified in prior genome-wide association studies, and food group intakes (servings per week [sev/wk]) were tabulated from food frequency questionnaires. Associations were determined via linear mixed-effects models, using false discovery rates and bootstrap resampling to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Thirty-three taste-related SNPs (9 bitter, 19 sweet, 2 umami, 2 sour, 1 salt) were identified and used to derive polygenic taste scores for bitter, sweet, umami, and sour. Per additional allele for higher bitter perception, whole grain intakes were lower by 0.17 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.06) sev/wk, and for higher umami perception, total and red/orange vegetable intakes were lower by 0.73 (95% CI: -1.12, -0.34) and 0.25 (95% CI: -0.40, -0.10) sev/wk, respectively. Subsequent analyses at the SNP level identified four novel SNP-diet associations-two bitter-related SNPs with whole grains (rs10960174 and rs6782149) and one umami-related SNP with total and red/orange vegetables (rs7691456)-which may have been driving the identified associations. CONCLUSIONS Taste-related genes for bitter and umami were differentially associated with food choices that may impact diet quality. Hence, a benefit could be derived from leveraging knowledge of taste-related genes when developing personalized risk reduction dietary guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Gervis
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Nutritional Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kenneth K H Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Du S, Chen J, Kim H, Walker ME, Lichtenstein AH, Chatterjee N, Ganz P, Yu B, Vasan RS, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Plasma Protein Biomarkers of Healthy Dietary Patterns: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Framingham Heart Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:34-46. [PMID: 36913470 PMCID: PMC10196586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of healthy dietary patterns are poorly understood. Identifying protein biomarkers of dietary patterns can contribute to characterizing biological pathways influenced by food intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify protein biomarkers associated with four indexes of healthy dietary patterns: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015); Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010); DASH diet; and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED). METHODS Analyses were conducted on 10,490 Black and White men and women aged 49-73 y from the ARIC study at visit 3 (1993-1995). Dietary intake data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and plasma proteins were quantified using an aptamer-based proteomics assay. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between 4955 proteins and dietary patterns. We performed pathway overrepresentation analysis for diet-related proteins. An independent study population from the Framingham Heart Study was used for replication analyses. RESULTS In the multivariable-adjusted models, 282 out of 4955 proteins (5.7%) were significantly associated with at least one dietary pattern (HEI-2015: 137; AHEI-2010: 72; DASH: 254; aMED: 35; P value < 0.05/4955 = 1.01 × 10-5). There were 148 proteins that were associated with only one dietary pattern (HEI-2015: 22; AHEI-2010: 5; DASH: 121; aMED: 0), and 20 proteins were associated with all four dietary patterns. Five unique biological pathways were significantly enriched by diet-related proteins. Seven out of 20 proteins associated with all dietary patterns in the ARIC study were available for replication analyses, and 6 out of these 7 proteins were consistent in direction and significantly associated with at least 1 dietary pattern in the Framingham Heart Study (HEI-2015: 2; AHEI-2010: 4; DASH: 6; aMED: 4; P value < 0.05/7 = 7.14 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS A large-scale proteomic analysis identified plasma protein biomarkers that are representative of healthy dietary patterns among middle-aged and older US adult population. These protein biomarkers may be useful objective indicators of healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Ganz
- Cardiovascular Division, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Vadiveloo MK, Thorndike AN, Lichtenstein AH. Integrating Diet Screening Into Routine Clinical Care: The Time Is Now. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 12:e028583. [PMID: 36583426 PMCID: PMC9973602 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya K. Vadiveloo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRI
| | - Anne N. Thorndike
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMA
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16
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Zertuche JP, Rabasa G, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Nevitt M, Torner J, Lewis CE, Dai Z, Misra D, Felson D. Alkylresorcinol, a biomarker for whole grain intake, and its association with osteoarthritis: the MOST study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1337-1343. [PMID: 35863678 PMCID: PMC9554937 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Higher intake of fiber has been associated with lower risk of incident symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). We examined whether levels of alkylresorcinol (AR), a marker of whole grain intake, were associated with OA in subjects in The Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study. METHOD Knee x-rays and knee pain were assessed at baseline and through 60-months. Stored baseline fasting plasma samples were analyzed for AR homologues (C17:0, C19:0, C21:0, C23:0, C25:0) and total AR levels (AR sum). Two nested case-control studies, one for incident radiographic OA and one for incident symptomatic OA were performed with participants re-assessed at 15, 30 and 60 months. Multivariable conditional logistic regression with baseline covariates including age, sex, BMI, physical activity, quadriceps strength, race, smoking, depressive symptoms, diabetes and knee injury tested the association of log transformed AR levels with OA outcomes. RESULTS Seven hundred seventy-seven subjects were, on average, in their 60's, and most were women. For 60-month cumulative incidence, there was no significant association between quartiles of AR concentration and incident radiographic (e.g., for incident radiographic OA, highest vs lowest quartile of AR sum showed RR = 0.93 (95% CI 0.59, 1.47), and for symptomatic OA RR was 1.22 (95% CI 0.76, 1.94). In secondary analyses examining 30-month incidence, high AR levels were associated with a reduced risk of X-ray OA (RR = 0.31 (95% CI 0.15, 0.64). CONCLUSION In primary analyses, AR levels were not associated with risk of OA, but secondary analyses left open the possibility that high AR levels may protect against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M Nevitt
- University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | | | - C E Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | - Z Dai
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - D Misra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, HMS, USA.
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17
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Field MS, Bailey RL, Brannon PM, Gregory JF, Lichtenstein AH, Saldanha IJ, Schneeman BO. Scanning the evidence: process and lessons learned from an evidence scan of riboflavin to inform decisions on updating the riboflavin dietary reference intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:299-302. [PMID: 35731705 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture and Department of Nutrition Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Patsy M Brannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian J Saldanha
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara O Schneeman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA (Emeritus), USA
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18
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Haslam DE, Chasman DI, Peloso GM, Herman MA, Dupuis J, Lichtenstein AH, Smith CE, Ridker PM, Jacques PF, Mora S, McKeown NM. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein, and Lipoprotein Particle Size Concentrations in US Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:2534-2545. [PMID: 36774119 PMCID: PMC9644170 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective cohort studies have found a relation between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (sodas and fruit drinks) and dyslipidemia. There is limited evidence linking SSB consumption to emerging features of dyslipidemia, which can be characterized by variation in lipoprotein particle size, remnant-like particle (RLP), and apolipoprotein concentrations. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between SSB consumption and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein particle size concentrations among US adults. METHODS We examined participants from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS; 1987-1995, n = 3047) and the Women's Health Study (1992, n = 26,218). Concentrations of plasma LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), triglyceride (TG), and non-HDL cholesterol, as well as total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio and apoB:apoA1 ratio, were quantified in both cohorts; concentrations of apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein C3, RLP-TG, and RLP cholesterol (RLP-C) were measured in the FOS only. Lipoprotein particle sizes were calculated from nuclear magnetic resonance signals for lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations (TG-rich lipoprotein particles [TRL-Ps]: very large, large, medium, small, and very small; LDL particles [LDL-Ps]: large, medium, and small; HDL particles [HDL-Ps]: large, medium, and small). SSB consumption was estimated from food frequency questionnaire data. We examined the associations between SSB consumption and all lipoprotein and apoprotein measures in linear regression models, adjusting for confounding factors such as lifestyle, diet, and traditional lipoprotein risk factors. RESULTS SSB consumption was positively associated with LDL cholesterol, apoB, TG, RLP-TG, RLP-C, and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations and total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol and apoB:apoA1 ratios; and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol and apoA1 concentrations (P-trend range: <0.0001 to 0.008). After adjustment for traditional lipoprotein risk factors, SSB consumers had smaller LDL-P and HDL-P sizes; lower concentrations of large LDL-Ps and medium HDL-Ps; and higher concentrations of small LDL-Ps, small HDL-Ps, and large TRL-Ps (P-trend range: <0.0001 to 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher SSB consumption was associated with multiple emerging features of dyslipidemia that have been linked to higher cardiometabolic risk in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Haslam
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Programs of Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Lichtenstein AH, Kris‐Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Matthan NR, Barnes S, Vitolins MZ, Li Z, Sabaté J, Rajaram S, Chowdhury S, Davis KM, Galluccio J, Gilhooly CH, Legro RS, Li J, Lovato L, Perdue LH, Petty G, Rasmussen AM, Segovia‐Siapco G, Sirirat R, Sun A, Reboussin DM. Effect of Incorporating 1 Avocado Per Day Versus Habitual Diet on Visceral Adiposity: A Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025657. [PMID: 35861827 PMCID: PMC9707833 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
Excess visceral adiposity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Short‐term well‐controlled clinical trials suggest that regular avocado consumption favorably affects body weight, visceral adiposity, and satiety.
Methods and Results
The HAT Trial (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial) was a multicenter, randomized, controlled parallel‐arm trial designed to test whether consuming 1 large avocado per day for 6 months in a diverse group of free‐living individuals (N=1008) with an elevated waist circumference compared with a habitual diet would decrease visceral adiposity as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary and additional end points related to risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders were assessed. The primary outcome, change in visceral adipose tissue volume during the intervention period, was not significantly different between the Avocado Supplemented and Habitual Diet Groups (estimated mean difference (0.017 L [−0.024 L, 0.058 L],
P
=0.405). No significant group differences were observed for the secondary outcomes of hepatic fat fraction, hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), and components of the metabolic syndrome. Of the additional outcome measures, modest but nominally significant reductions in total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in the Avocado Supplemented compared with the Habitual Diet Group. Changes in the other additional and post hoc measures (body weight, body mass index, insulin, very low‐density lipoprotein concentrations, and total cholesterol:high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) were similar between the 2 groups.
Conclusions
Addition of 1 avocado per day to the habitual diet for 6 months in free‐living individuals with elevated waist circumference did not reduce visceral adipose tissue volume and had minimal effect on risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders.
Registration
URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Barnes
- Department of Radiology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Mara Z. Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention Loma Linda University School of Public Health Center for Nutrition Loma Linda CA
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention Loma Linda University School of Public Health Center for Nutrition Loma Linda CA
| | - Shilpy Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Kristin M. Davis
- Department of Behavioral Health Pennsylvania State University State College PA
| | - Jean Galluccio
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston MA
| | | | | | - Jason Li
- Center for Human Nutrition David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Laura Lovato
- Department of Biostatistics Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC
| | - Letitia H. Perdue
- Department of Biostatistics Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC
| | - Gayle Petty
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Anna M. Rasmussen
- Center for Human Nutrition David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Gina Segovia‐Siapco
- Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention Loma Linda University School of Public Health Center for Nutrition Loma Linda CA
| | - Rawiwan Sirirat
- Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention Loma Linda University School of Public Health Center for Nutrition Loma Linda CA
| | - April Sun
- Center for Human Nutrition David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - David M. Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC
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20
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Dong KR, Beckwith CG, Grossman A, Weiner DE, Lichtenstein AH. Utilizing the Probation Office as an Opportunity to Screen for Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Feasibility Study. J Correct Health Care 2022; 28:274-282. [PMID: 35687477 PMCID: PMC9529367 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.20.11.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined whether the probation office setting was feasible to screen adults on probation for cardiometabolic risk factors, measure risk profiles, and estimate the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. During June and August 2019, screening included blood pressure, anthropometrics, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose. A survey included demographics, medical history, and current medication. The participation rate was 36% (N = 202). The screening identified 5% had hypercholesterolemia, 38% of men and 50% of women had low HDL cholesterol, 70% had overweight/obesity, 31% of men and 55% of women had elevated waist circumferences, and 26.7% had Stage 1 hypertension. Of individuals with a history of hypertension (n = 74), 77% had elevated blood pressure. Of those with a history of diabetes (n = 27), 22% had hyperglycemia, independent of whether they reported being prescribed medication. The screening identified 11% with Stage 2 hypertension, 27% with Stage 1 hypertension, 22% with elevated blood pressure, and 5% with hyperglycemia. Our findings suggest it is feasible to identify individuals at high risk for cardiometabolic disorders during routine probation office visits. These data can then be used to provide referrals for treatment to improve long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Dong
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Curt G Beckwith
- The Miriam Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anna Grossman
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel E Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Cahoon DS, Shertukde SP, Nirmala N, Lau J, Lichtenstein AH. Perspective: Appraisal of the Evidence Base to Update DRI Values-Lessons from the Past, Thoughts for the Future. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:975-981. [PMID: 35404437 PMCID: PMC9340966 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Updating evidence-based nutrient guidance is challenging. One set of recommendations for which a robust evidence base is essential is the DRIs. In the past 10 y, DRI values for 4 essential nutrients have been re-evaluated in 2 groups: vitamin D and calcium, and sodium and potassium. To support the work of the committees tasked with evaluating the available evidence, the federal agencies that sponsor the DRI reviews contracted with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to perform systematic reviews on predefined questions for these nutrient groups. Our aims were to tabulate the studies included in these systematic reviews and then, within the context of prespecified outcomes, summarize the totality of the available evidence and identify areas for consideration to maximize the value of the end products for future DRI committees. For the outcomes of interest, the available studies did not tend to report age data consistent with the current DRI categories. For some life stage categories, particularly pregnancy and lactation, there is a dearth of data. A wide range of study interventions were used, making it challenging to combine data to accurately derive or re-evaluate DRI values. There is also an under-representation of data on race/ethnicity and overweight/obesity, which is of concern, given the shifting demographic in the US and Canadian populations. Moving forward, it may be advantageous to develop a process to prospectively target research funding for studies designed to generate data that will most closely support re-evaluation of DRI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Cahoon
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti P Shertukde
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nanguneri Nirmala
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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Matthan NR, Barger K, Wylie-Rosett J, Xue X, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Diamantis PM, Ginsberg M, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Lichtenstein AH. Spillover Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Weight-Management Intervention on Parental Nutrient Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzab152. [PMID: 35155982 PMCID: PMC8826936 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental involvement has been shown to favorably affect childhood weight-management interventions, but whether these interventions influence parental diet and cardiometabolic health outcomes is unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate whether a 1-y family-based childhood weight-management intervention altered parental nutrient biomarker concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). METHODS Secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial (NCT00851201). Families were recruited from a largely Hispanic population and assigned to either standard care (SC; American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations) or SC + enhanced program (SC+EP; targeted diet/physical activity strategies, skill building, and monthly support sessions). Nutrient biomarkers (plasma carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins, RBC fatty acid profiles) and CMRFs (BMI, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers, adipokines) were measured in archived samples collected from parents of participating children at baseline and end of the 1-y intervention. RESULTS Parents in both groups (SC = 106 and SC+EP = 99) had significant reductions in trans fatty acid (-14%) and increases in MUFA (2%), PUFA n-6 (ɷ-6) (2%), PUFA n-3 (7%), and β-carotene (20%) concentrations, indicative of lower partially hydrogenated fat and higher vegetable oil, fish, and fruit/vegetable intake, respectively. Significant reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; -21%) TNF-α (-19%), IL-6 (-19%), and triglycerides (-6%) were also observed in both groups. An additional significant improvement in serum insulin concentrations (-6%) was observed in the SC+EP parents. However, no major reductions in BMI or blood pressure and significant unfavorable trajectories in LDL-cholesterol and endothelial dysfunction markers [P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), thrombomodulin] were observed. Higher carotenoid, MUFA, and PUFA (n-6 and n-3) and lower SFA and trans fatty acid concentrations were associated with improvements in circulating glucose and lipid measures, inflammatory markers, and adipokines. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of a family-based childhood weight-management intervention can spill over to parents, resulting in apparent healthier dietary shifts that are associated with modest improvements in some CMRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Pamela M Diamantis
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy Ginsberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Schwager JL, Nevitt MC, Torner J, Lewis CE, Matthan NR, Wang N, Sun X, Lichtenstein AH, Felson D. Association of Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Total Cholesterol With Development of Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74:274-280. [PMID: 32961029 PMCID: PMC8054264 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies suggest an association between elevated total serum cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and osteoarthritis (OA). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association between total cholesterol, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and risk of knee OA. METHODS We studied participants from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis study (MOST) cohort at risk of developing knee OA. From baseline through 7 years, repeated knee radiographs and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were obtained, and knee symptoms were queried. From baseline fasting blood samples, lipids and lipoproteins were analyzed using standard assays. After excluding participants with baseline OA, we defined 2 sets of patients: those developing radiographic OA, and those developing symptomatic OA (knee pain and radiographic OA). Controls did not develop these outcomes. Additionally, we examined worsening of cartilage loss and synovitis on MRI and of knee pain using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale. We carried out logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, baseline pain, and depressive symptoms, testing total cholesterol and lipoproteins as continuous measures, and we performed sensitivity analyses examining whether commonly used thresholds for high cholesterol, LDL, or low HDL increased risk. RESULTS We studied 337 patients with incident symptomatic OA and 283 patients with incident radiographic OA. The mean age at baseline was 62 years (55% women). Neither total cholesterol, LDL, nor HDL showed a significant association with radiographic or symptomatic OA. Additionally, we found no association of these lipid measures with cartilage loss, worsening synovitis, or worsening knee pain. CONCLUSION Our data do not support an association between total cholesterol, LDL, or HDL with OA outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Na Wang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | | | - David Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine;,University of Manchester Centre for Epidemiology, and the NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Trust
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24
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, White K, Wong KE, Miller ER, Coresh J, Appel LJ, Rebholz CM. Plasma Metabolites Associated with a Protein-Rich Dietary Pattern: Results from the OmniHeart Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100890. [PMID: 35081272 PMCID: PMC8930517 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Scope Lack of biomarkers is a challenge for the accurate assessment of protein intake and interpretation of observational study data. The study aims to identify biomarkers of a protein‐rich dietary pattern. Methods and Results The Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OmniHeart) trial is a randomized cross‐over feeding study which tested three dietary patterns with varied macronutrient content (carbohydrate‐rich; protein‐rich with about half from plant sources; and unsaturated fat‐rich). In 156 adults, differences in log‐transformed plasma metabolite levels at the end of the protein‐ and carbohydrate‐rich diet periods using paired t‐tests is examined. Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis is used to identify a set of metabolites which are influential in discriminating between the protein‐rich versus carbohydrate‐rich dietary patterns. Of 839 known metabolites, 102 metabolites differ significantly between the protein‐rich and the carbohydrate‐rich dietary patterns after Bonferroni correction, the majority of which are lipids (n = 35), amino acids (n = 27), and xenobiotics (n = 24). Metabolites which are the most influential in discriminating between the protein‐rich and the carbohydrate‐rich dietary patterns represent plant protein intake, food or beverage intake, and preparation methods. Conclusions The study identifies many plasma metabolites associated with the protein‐rich dietary pattern. If replicated, these metabolites may be used to assess level of adherence to a similar dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen White
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari E Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edgar R Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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Garvey ME, Shi L, Lichtenstein AH, Must A, Hayman LL, Crouter SE, Camhi SM. Association of Bone Mineral Density with Lean Mass, Fat Mass, and Physical Activity in Young Overweight and Obese Women. Int J Exerc Sci 2022; 15:585-598. [PMID: 36896025 PMCID: PMC9987430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
To examine the associations between bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and habitual physical activity in women who are overweight/obese. We measured whole-body bone, and body composition (lean mass, fat mass, and total fat percent) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (model General Electric Lunar whole-body scanner) in a diverse group of women (N=48, age 26.6+/-4.7 years, 63% Black) living in an urban setting. The relations between BMD with total fat percent [%]), lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and physical activity were examined using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models, adjusted for race, age, and dietary calcium. BMD was positively correlated with lean mass (r=0.43, p=0.002) and negatively correlated with total fat percentage (r=-0.31, p=0.03). Multiple linear regression models indicated BMD was positively associated with lean mass (β: 0.007, p<0.001), and negatively associated with fat mass (kg) and total fat percentage (β: -0.003, p=0.03; β: -0.004, p=0.03, respectively). When stratified by race, these relations were maintained in white women but only lean mass in Black women. When stratified by age, the positive correlation between BMD and lean mass was significant in younger women (<30y) only. There were no significant relationships between BMD and any physical activity measures. Our results indicate that in young women who are overweight/obese BMD is significantly associated with body composition, both lean mass and total fat percentage, but not habitual physical activity. An emphasis on lean mass accrual may be valuable for young women, particularly Black women, to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Garvey
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Shi
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, MA USA
| | | | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston, MA
| | - Laura L Hayman
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, MA USA
| | - Scott E Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville; Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Camhi
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144:e472-e487. [PMID: 34724806 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.
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27
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Abstract
Background Significant associations between total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and incident stroke have been reported in some prospective cohort studies. We evaluated the associations between incident stroke and serum concentrations of nonesterified saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids. Methods and Results CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (N=2028) who were free of stroke at baseline (1996–1997) and had an archived fasting serum sample were included in this study. A total of 35 NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations of 5 subclasses (nonesterified saturated, monounsaturated, omega (n)‐6 polyunsaturated, n‐3 polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids) of NEFAs and individual NEFAs with incident stroke. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding cases with hemorrhagic stroke (n=45). A total of 338 cases of incident stroke occurred during the median 10.5‐year follow‐up period. Total n‐3 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.61–0.97]) and n‐6 (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.01–1.73]) subclasses of NEFA were negatively and positively associated with incident stroke, respectively. Among individual NEFAs, dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (20:3n‐6) was associated with higher risk (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.02–1.63]), whereas cis‐7‐hexadecenoic acid (16:1n‐9c) and arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) were associated with a lower risk (HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.47–0.97]; HR, 0.81 [95% CI. 0.65–1.00], respectively) of incident stroke per standard deviation increment. After the exclusion of cases with hemorrhagic stroke, these associations did not remain significant. Conclusions A total of 2 NEFA subclasses and 3 individual NEFAs were associated with incident stroke. Of these, the NEFA n‐3 subclass and dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid are diet derived and may be potential biomarkers for total stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Huang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts University Boston MA
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts University Boston MA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA
| | | | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts University Boston MA
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28
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Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Després JP, Anderson CAM, Deedwania P, Furie KL, Lear S, Lichtenstein AH, Lobelo F, Morris PB, Sacks FM, Ma J. Strategies for Promotion of a Healthy Lifestyle in Clinical Settings: Pillars of Ideal Cardiovascular Health: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144:e495-e514. [PMID: 34689589 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors is suboptimal. The vast majority of the US population does not meet current recommendations. A healthy lifestyle is defined by consuming a healthy dietary pattern, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding exposure to tobacco products, habitually attaining adequate amounts of sleep, and managing stress levels. For all these health behaviors there are well-established guidelines; however, promotion in clinical settings can be challenging. It is critical to overcome these challenges because greater promotion of heathy lifestyle practices in clinical settings effectively motivates and initiates patient behavior change. The 5A Model (assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange) was developed to provide a framework for clinical counseling with requisite attention to the demands of clinical settings. In this science advisory, we present strategies, based on the 5A Model, that clinicians and other health care professionals can use for efficient lifestyle-related behavior change counseling in patients at all levels of cardiovascular disease risk at every visit. In addition, we discuss the underlying role of psychological health and well-being in lifestyle-related behavior change counseling, and how clinicians can leverage health technologies when providing brief patient-centered counseling. Greater attention to healthy lifestyle behaviors during routine clinician visits will contribute to promoting cardiovascular health.
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29
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Das SK, Bukhari AS, Taetzsch AG, Ernst AK, Rogers GT, Gilhooly CH, Hatch-McChesney A, Blanchard CM, Livingston KA, Silver RE, Martin E, McGraw SM, Chin MK, Vail TA, Lutz LJ, Montain SJ, Pittas AG, Lichtenstein AH, Allison DB, Dickinson S, Chen X, Saltzman E, Young AJ, Roberts SB. Randomized trial of a novel lifestyle intervention compared with the Diabetes Prevention Program for weight loss in adult dependents of military service members. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1546-1559. [PMID: 34375387 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment for obesity, but participant weight loss is typically low. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the efficacy of an alternative lifestyle intervention [Healthy Weight for Living (HWL)] compared with a modified Diabetes Prevention Program (m-DPP). HWL was based on a revised health behavior change model emphasizing hunger management and the development of healthy food preferences. m-DPP was a standard Diabetes Prevention Program implemented with counselor time matched to HWL. Participants were adult dependents of military personnel and had overweight or obesity. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to HWL (n = 121) or m-DPP (n = 117), delivered primarily by group videoconference with additional midweek emails. The primary outcome was 12-mo weight change. Secondary outcomes included 6-mo changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and diet. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and complete case (CC) analyses were performed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Retention did not differ between groups (72% and 66% for HWL and m-DPP at 12 mo, respectively; P = 0.30). Mean ± SE adjusted 12-mo weight loss in the ITT cohort was 7.46 ± 0.85 kg for HWL and 7.32 ± 0.87 kg for m-DPP (P = 0.91); in the CC cohort, it was 7.83 ± 0.82 kg for HWL and 6.86 ± 0.88 kg for m-DPP (P = 0.43). Thirty-eight percent of HWL and 30% of m-DPP completers achieved ≥10% weight loss (P = 0.32). Improvements in systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, general health, sleep, and mood were similar across groups; improvements in diastolic blood pressure were greater in m-DPP. Adjusted group mean reductions in energy intake were not significantly different between groups, but HWL participants were more adherent to their dietary prescription for lower glycemic index and high fiber and protein (P = 0.05 to <0.001 for ITT). CONCLUSIONS HWL and m-DPP showed equivalent and clinically impactful mean weight loss with cardiometabolic benefits. These results identify an alternative approach for behavioral treatment of overweight and obesity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02348853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krupa Das
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asma S Bukhari
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Amy G Taetzsch
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy K Ernst
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail T Rogers
- Biostatistics and Data Management Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl H Gilhooly
- Metabolic Research Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne Hatch-McChesney
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Blanchard
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara A Livingston
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel E Silver
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Martin
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan M McGraw
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Meghan K Chin
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor A Vail
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura J Lutz
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Montain
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie Dickinson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Young
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Reboussin DM, Kris-Etherton PM, Lichtenstein AH, Li Z, Sabate J, Matthan NR, Petersen K, Rajaram S, Vitolins M, Ford N. The design and rationale of a multi-center randomized clinical trial comparing one avocado per day to usual diet: The Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT). Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 110:106565. [PMID: 34496276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Excess visceral adiposity is associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the U.S. approximately 60% of adults have visceral obesity. Despite high calorie and fat, small, well-controlled clinical studies suggest that avocado consumption has favorable effects on body weight and visceral adiposity. Additionally, short-term studies also suggest that consuming avocados increases satiety, hence, may decrease overall energy intake. The Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial HAT is a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial designed to test whether in a large, diverse cohort providing one avocado per day for consumption for six months compared to a habitual diet essentially devoid of avocados, will result in a decrease in visceral adiposity as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in individuals with an increased waist circumference (WC). Additional outcome measures include hepatic lipid content, plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Inclusion criteria were increased WC and not currently eating more than two avocados per month. Major exclusion criteria were not eating or being allergic to avocados, and not willing or able to undergo MRI scans. From June 27, 2018 to March 4, 2020, 1008 participants were randomized at 4 clinics. The cohort was 72% women, 53% Non-Hispanic White, and had a mean age of 50 years. Follow-up was completed in October 2020 when 936 participants had final MRI scans. HAT will provide information on the effects of avocado consumption on visceral fat adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in a diverse sample of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, N.C. 27157, USA.
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, 319 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA,.
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B365, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,.
| | - Joan Sabate
- Center for Nutrition, Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA,.
| | - Kristina Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA.
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Mara Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, N.C. 27157, USA.
| | - Nikki Ford
- Hass Avocado Board, 25212 Marguerite Parkway, Suite 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA.
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Sawicki CM, Jacques PF, Lichtenstein AH, Rogers GT, Ma J, Saltzman E, McKeown NM. Whole- and Refined-Grain Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 151:2790-2799. [PMID: 34255848 PMCID: PMC8417925 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater whole grain (WG) consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, few prospective studies have examined WG or refined grain (RG) intake and intermediate cardiometabolic risk factors. OBJECTIVES We examined the longitudinal association between WG and RG intake on changes in waist circumference (WC); fasting HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations; and blood pressure. METHODS Subjects were participants in the Framingham Offspring cohort study [n = 3121; mean ± SD baseline age: 54.9 ± 0.2 y; BMI (kg/m2) 27.2 ± 0.1]. FFQ, health, and lifestyle data were collected approximately every 4 y over a median 18-y follow-up. Repeated measure mixed models were used to estimate adjusted mean changes per 4-y interval in risk factors across increasing categories of WG or RG intake. RESULTS Greater WG intake was associated with smaller increases in WC (1.4 ± 0.2 compared with 3.0 ± 0.1 cm in the highest compared with the lowest category, respectively; P-trend < 0.001), fasting glucose concentration (0.7 ± 0.4 compared with 2.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL; P-trend < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (SBP; 0.2 ± 0.5 compared with 1.4 ± 0.3 mm Hg; P-trend < 0.001) per 4-y interval. When stratified by sex, a stronger association with WC was observed among females than males. Higher intake of WG was associated with greater increases in HDL cholesterol and declines in triglyceride concentrations; however, these differences did not remain significant after adjustment for change in WC. Conversely, greater RG intake was associated with greater increases in WC (2.7 ± 0.2 compared with 1.8 ± 0.1 cm, P-trend < 0.001) and less decline in triglyceride concentration (-0.3 ± 1.3 compared with -7.0 ± 0.7 mg/dL, P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among middle- to older-age adults, replacing RG with WG may be an effective dietary modification to attenuate abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia over time, thereby reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh M Sawicki
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail T Rogers
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Gervis JE, Chui KKH, Ma J, Coltell O, Fernández-Carrión R, Sorlí JV, Barragán R, Fitó M, González JI, Corella D, Lichtenstein AH. Data-Driven Clustering Approach to Derive Taste Perception Profiles from Sweet, Salt, Sour, Bitter, and Umami Perception Scores: An Illustration among Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr 2021; 151:2843-2851. [PMID: 34114008 PMCID: PMC8861513 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current approaches to studying relations between taste perception and diet quality typically consider each taste-sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami-separately or aggregately, as total taste scores. Consistent with studying dietary patterns rather than single foods or total energy, an additional approach may be to study all 5 tastes collectively as "taste perception profiles." OBJECTIVE We developed a data-driven clustering approach to derive taste perception profiles from taste perception scores and examined whether profiles outperformed total taste scores for capturing individual variability in taste perception. METHODS The cohort included 367 community-dwelling adults [55-75 y; 55% female; BMI (kg/m2): 32.2 ± 3.6] with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. Cluster analysis identified subgroups of individuals with similar patterns in taste perception (taste perception profiles); quantitative criteria were used to select the cluster algorithm, determine the optimal number of clusters, and assess the profiles' validity and stability. Goodness-of-fit parameters from adjusted linear regression evaluated the individual variability captured by each approach. RESULTS A k-means algorithm with 6 clusters best fit the data and identified the following taste perception profiles: Low All, High Bitter, High Umami, Low Bitter & Umami, High All But Bitter and High All But Umami. All profiles were valid and stable. Compared with total taste scores, taste perception profiles explained more variability in bitter and umami perception (adjusted R2: 0.19 vs. 0.63, respectively; 0.40 vs. 0.65, respectively) and were comparable for sweet, salt, and sour. In addition, taste perception profiles captured differential perceptions of each taste within individuals, whereas these patterns were lost with total taste scores. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles derived via data-driven clustering may provide a valuable approach to capture individual variability in perception of all 5 tastes and their collective influence on diet quality. This trial was registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN89898870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Gervis
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth K H Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Department of Nutrition Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Coltell
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, University of Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, Ference BA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Kersten S, Lewis GF, Lichtenstein AH, Moulin P, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Staels B, Stroes ESG, Taskinen MR, Tokgözoğlu LS, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Stock JK, Catapano AL. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4791-4806. [PMID: 34472586 PMCID: PMC8670783 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - M John Chapman
- Sorbonne University Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), 47 Hôpital boulevard, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, Nuevo León 3000, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Marina Square, 61, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE, Clinical and Translational Research Center, and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 Rue St Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Eaton Building, Room 12E248, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St Ste 9, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Department of Endocrinology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1060, CENS-ELI B, Univ-Lyon1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr Ste 10-7C114, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1541 Kings Hwy, Amsterdam 71103, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Blegdamsvej 9, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej, Frederiksberg 57 2000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 3B 2200, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, Gothenburg SE-412 51, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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Barzilay JI, Buzkova P, Djoussé L, Ix J, Kizer J, Cauley J, Matthan N, Lichtenstein AH, Mukamal KJ. Serum non-esterified fatty acid levels and hip fracture risk: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1745-1751. [PMID: 33651122 PMCID: PMC8572549 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Among elderly participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, we found that non-esterified trans fatty acid levels had a significant prospective association with hip fracture risk. Other non-esterified fatty acid classes were not associated with hip fracture risk. INTRODUCTION Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are bioactive metabolic intermediates that can be taken up by bone tissue. Their associations with hip fracture risk have not been previously examined. METHODS Thirty-five individual NEFAs in five classes (saturated [SFA], mono-un-saturated [MUFA], poly-unsaturated n-6 and n-3 [PUFA], and trans-FA) were measured in Cardiovascular Health Study participants (n = 2139, mean age 77.8 years) without known diabetes. The multivariable associations of NEFA levels with hip fracture risk were evaluated in Cox hazards models. RESULTS We documented 303 incident hip fractures during 11.1 years of follow-up. Among the five NEFA classes, total trans FA levels were positively associated with higher hip fracture risk (HR 1.17 [95% CI, 1.04, 1.31; p = 0.01] per one standard deviation higher level). The SFA lignoceric acid (24:0) was positively associated with higher risk (HR 1.09 [1.04, 1.1]; p < 0.001), while behenic (22:0) and docosatetraenoic (22:4 n6) acids were associated with lower risk (HR 0.76 [0.61, 0.94]; p = 0.01; 0.84 [0.70, 1.00]; p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Total plasma trans NEFA levels are related to hip fracture risk, suggesting an unrecognized benefit of their systematic removal from food. Novel associations of individual NEFAs with hip fracture risk require confirmation in other cohort studies.
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Grants
- This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided by R01AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL080295 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL130114 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268200800007C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC55222 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85086 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85082 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85083 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85080 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85081 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201200036C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85079 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG023629 NIA NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Barzilay
- Division of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, 3650 Steve Reynolds Blvd, Duluth, GA, 30096, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - P Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Djoussé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Ix
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Brookline, MA, USA
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35
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Wu Z, Huang Z, Lichtenstein AH, Jin C, Chen S, Wu S, Gao X. Different associations between HDL cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes mellitus and people without diabetes mellitus: a prospective community-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:907-913. [PMID: 34019626 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have found that the functionality of HDL cholesterol may be lost in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVES We aimed to elucidate whether DM modified the association between HDL-cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. METHODS Included were 91,354 Chinese adults (8244 participants with DM and 83,110 participants without DM) free of CVD or cancer at baseline (2006) and without use of lipid-lowering drugs at baseline and during follow-up. The primary endpoint of interest was a composite of CVDs (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke). Cumulative average HDL-cholesterol concentrations were calculated from all available HDL-cholesterol measures at baseline (2006) and during the follow-up period (2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014). RESULTS During a mean of 10.4 y of follow-up, there were 5076 CVD events identified. There was a significant interaction between DM and HDL-cholesterol concentrations on CVD risk (Pinteraction = 0.003). The association between HDL-cholesterol concentrations and CVD followed a U-shaped curve in individuals without DM (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). The adjusted HR of CVD was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.48) for HDL-cholesterol concentrations < 1.04 mmol/L and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.53, 2.03) for HDL-cholesterol concentrations > 2.07 mmol/L, relative to the lowest-risk group (HDL-cholesterol concentrations of 1.30-1.42 mmol/L). In participants with DM, higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations were associated with a higher risk of CVD, in a dose-response manner (Pnonlinearity = 0.44; Ptrend < 0.001). The adjusted HR of CVD was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.20) for HDL-cholesterol concentrations >2.07 mmol/L, relative to HDL-cholesterol concentrations of 1.30-1.42 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS High HDL-cholesterol concentrations were paradoxically associated with high risk of composite CVD outcomes in individuals with or without DM. However, low HDL-cholesterol concentrations failed to predict future CVD risk in individuals with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Huang NK, Bůžková P, Matthan NR, Djoussé L, Kizer JR, Mukamal KJ, Polak JF, Lichtenstein AH. Serum Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Flow-Mediated Dilation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093052. [PMID: 34578930 PMCID: PMC8465602 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and aims: Elevated common carotid artery intima-media thickness (carotid IMT) and diminished flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are early subclinical indicators of atherosclerosis. Serum total non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations have been positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. The relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD have as yet to be assessed. Methods: We investigated the associations between fasting serum individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD among Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants with (n = 255 for carotid IMT, 301 for FMD) or without (n = 1314 for carotid IMT, 1462 for FMD) known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Using archived samples (fasting) collected from 1996-1997 (baseline), 35 individual NEFAs were measured using gas chromatography. Carotid IMT and estimated plaque thickness (mean of maximum internal carotid IMT) were determined in 1998-1999. FMD was measured in 1997-1998. Linear regression adjusted by the Holm-Bonferroni method was used to assess relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD. Results: In multivariable adjusted linear regression models per SD increment, the non-esterified trans fatty acid conjugated linoleic acid (trans-18:2 CLA) was positively associated with carotid IMT [β (95% CI): 44.8 (19.2, 70.4), p = 0.025] among participants with, but not without, ASCVD [2.16 (-6.74, 11.5), p = 1.000]. Non-esterified cis-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7c) was positively associated with FMD [19.7 (8.34, 31.0), p = 0.024] among participants without, but not with ASCVD. No significant associations between NEFAs and estimated plaque thickness were observed. Conclusions: In older adults, serum non-esterified CLA and palmitoleic acid were positively associated with carotid IMT and FMD, respectively, suggesting potential modifiable biomarkers for arteriopathy.
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Grants
- HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01AG023629, R01AG053325, and K24AG065525 NIA NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K. Huang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of General Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Joseph F. Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-556-3127
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37
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So J, Tai AK, Lichtenstein AH, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S. Sexual dimorphism of monocyte transcriptome in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 34321081 PMCID: PMC8320037 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the immune system is evidenced by a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women and higher susceptibility to infectious diseases in men. However, the molecular basis of these sex-based differences is not fully understood. We have characterized the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood monocytes from males and postmenopausal females with chronic low-grade inflammation. We identified 41 sexually differentially expressed genes [adjusted p value (FDR) < 0.1], including genes involved in immune cell activation (e.g., CEACAM1, FCGR2B, and SLAMF7) and antigen presentation (e.g., AIM2, CD1E, and UBA1) with a higher expression in females than males. Moreover, signaling pathways of immune or inflammatory responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling [z-score = 2.45, -log(p) = 3.88], were found to be more upregulated in female versus male monocytes, based on a set of genes exhibiting sex-biased expression (p < 0.03). The contribution of IFN signaling to the sexual transcriptional differences was further confirmed by direct comparisons of the monocyte sex-biased genes with IFN signature genes (ISGs) that were previously curated in mouse macrophages. ISGs showed a greater overlap with female-biased genes than male-biased genes and a higher overall expression in female than male monocytes, particularly for the genes of antiviral and inflammatory responses to IFN. Given the role of IFN in immune defense and autoimmunity, our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in immune functions may be associated with more priming of innate immune pathways in female than male monocytes. These findings highlight the role of sex on the human immune transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun So
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Haslam DE, Peloso GM, Guirette M, Imamura F, Bartz TM, Pitsillides AN, Wang CA, Li-Gao R, Westra JM, Pitkänen N, Young KL, Graff M, Wood AC, Braun KVE, Luan J, Kähönen M, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Ghanbari M, Tintle N, Lemaitre RN, Mook-Kanamori DO, North K, Helminen M, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Snetselaar L, Martin LW, Viikari JS, Oddy WH, Pennell CE, Rosendall FR, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, Psaty BM, Mozaffarian D, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Livingston KA, Voortman T, Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ, de Mutsert R, Rich SS, Manson JE, Mora S, Ridker PM, Merino J, Meigs JB, Dashti HS, Chasman DI, Lichtenstein AH, Smith CE, Dupuis J, Herman MA, McKeown NM. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption May Modify Associations Between Genetic Variants in the CHREBP (Carbohydrate Responsive Element Binding Protein) Locus and HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) and Triglyceride Concentrations. Circ Genom Precis Med 2021; 14:e003288. [PMID: 34270325 PMCID: PMC8373451 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: ChREBP (carbohydrate responsive element binding protein) is a transcription factor that responds to sugar consumption. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and genetic variants in the CHREBP locus have separately been linked to HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and triglyceride concentrations. We hypothesized that SSB consumption would modify the association between genetic variants in the CHREBP locus and dyslipidemia. Methods: Data from 11 cohorts from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium (N=63 599) and the UK Biobank (N=59 220) were used to quantify associations of SSB consumption, genetic variants, and their interaction on HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations using linear regression models. A total of 1606 single nucleotide polymorphisms within or near CHREBP were considered. SSB consumption was estimated from validated questionnaires, and participants were grouped by their estimated intake. Results: In a meta-analysis, rs71556729 was significantly associated with higher HDL-C concentrations only among the highest SSB consumers (β, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.16–3.07] mg/dL per allele; P<0.0001), but not significantly among the lowest SSB consumers (P=0.81; PDiff <0.0001). Similar results were observed for 2 additional variants (rs35709627 and rs71556736). For triglyceride, rs55673514 was positively associated with triglyceride concentrations only among the highest SSB consumers (β, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.02–0.09] ln-mg/dL per allele, P=0.001) but not the lowest SSB consumers (P=0.84; PDiff=0.0005). Conclusions: Our results identified genetic variants in the CHREBP locus that may protect against SSB-associated reductions in HDL-C and other variants that may exacerbate SSB-associated increases in triglyceride concentrations. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00005133, NCT00005121, NCT00005487, and NCT00000479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Haslam
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program (D.E.H., M. Guirette, K.A.L., N.M.M.), Tufts University, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine (D.E.H., J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.E.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (G.M.P., A.N.P., J.D.)
| | - Melanie Guirette
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program (D.E.H., M. Guirette, K.A.L., N.M.M.), Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (F.I., J.L., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Medicine (T.M.B., R.N.L., B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Achilleas N Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (G.M.P., A.N.P., J.D.)
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia (C.A.W., C.E.P.)
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.G., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R., R.dM.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Niina Pitkänen
- Auria Biobank (N.P.), University of Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (N.P., O.T.R.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (K.L.Y., M. Graff, K.N.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (K.L.Y., M. Graff, K.N.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.C.W.)
| | - Kim V E Braun
- Department of Epidemiology (K.V.E.B., J.C.K.-d.J., M. Ghanbari, M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jian'an Luan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (F.I., J.L., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care (J.C.L.d.J., D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology (K.V.E.B., J.C.K.-d.J., M. Ghanbari, M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology (K.V.E.B., J.C.K.-d.J., M. Ghanbari, M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Department of Medicine (T.M.B., R.N.L., B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.G., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R., R.dM.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care (J.C.L.d.J., D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (K.L.Y., M. Graff, K.N.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.,Carolina Center for Genome Science (K.N.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Mika Helminen
- Research Development and Innovation Centre (M.H.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Finland (M.H.)
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.S.)
| | - Lisa W Martin
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. (L.W.M.)
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Department of Medicine (J.S.V.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (J.S.V.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, HOB, Australia (W.H.O.)
| | - Craig E Pennell
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory (C.E.S.), Tufts University, Boston, MA.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia (C.A.W., C.E.P.)
| | - Frits R Rosendall
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.G., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R., R.dM.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology (K.V.E.B., J.C.K.-d.J., M. Ghanbari, M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.G.U.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine (T.M.B., R.N.L., B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.)
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy (D.M.), Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., K.D.T.)
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., K.D.T.)
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (T.L.)
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (N.P., O.T.R.), University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kara A Livingston
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program (D.E.H., M. Guirette, K.A.L., N.M.M.), Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nita G Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (F.I., J.L., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Nick J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (F.I., J.L., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.G., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R., R.dM.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Steven S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (S.S.R.)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (D.E.H., J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M., S.M., P.M.R., D.I.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M., S.M., P.M.R., D.I.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Cardiovascular Division of Medicine and Center for Lipid Metabolomics (S.M., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M., S.M., P.M.R., D.I.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Cardiovascular Division of Medicine and Center for Lipid Metabolomics (S.M., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Merino
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (J.M., J.B.M., H.S.D.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Metabolism (J.M., J.B.M.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.M., J.B.M.).,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.M.).,Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine (J.M., H.S.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (J.M., J.B.M., H.S.D.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Metabolism (J.M., J.B.M.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.M., J.B.M.).,Division of General Internal Medicine (J.B.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (J.M., J.B.M., H.S.D.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine (J.M., H.S.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (H.S.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M., S.M., P.M.R., D.I.C.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (G.M.P., A.N.P., J.D.)
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division Of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (M.A.H.)
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program (D.E.H., M. Guirette, K.A.L., N.M.M.), Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Tanprasertsuk J, Scott TM, Barbey AK, Barger K, Wang XD, Johnson MA, Poon LW, Vishwanathan R, Matthan NR, Lichtenstein AH, Ferland G, Johnson EJ. Carotenoid-Rich Brain Nutrient Pattern Is Positively Correlated With Higher Cognition and Lower Depression in the Oldest Old With No Dementia. Front Nutr 2021; 8:704691. [PMID: 34268331 PMCID: PMC8275828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.704691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Healthy dietary patterns are related to better cognitive health in aging populations. While levels of individual nutrients in neural tissues are individually associated with cognitive function, the investigation of nutrient patterns in human brain tissue has not been conducted. Methods: Brain tissues were acquired from frontal and temporal cortices of 47 centenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, vitamins A, E, K, and fatty acids [FA]) were measured and averaged from the two brain regions. Nutrient patterns were constructed using principal component analysis. Cognitive composite scores were constructed from cognitive assessment from the time point closest to death. Dementia status was rated by Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Pearson's correlation coefficients between NP scores and cognitive composite scores were calculated controlling for sex, education, hypertension, diabetes, and APOE ε4 allele. Result: Among non-demented subjects (GDS = 1–3, n = 23), a nutrient pattern higher in carotenoids was consistently associated with better performance on global cognition (r = 0.38, p = 0.070), memory (r = 0.38, p = 0.073), language (r = 0.42, p = 0.046), and lower depression (r = −0.40, p = 0.090). The findings were confirmed with univariate analysis. Conclusion: Both multivariate and univariate analyses demonstrate that brain nutrient pattern explained mainly by carotenoid concentrations is correlated with cognitive function among subjects who had no dementia. Investigation of their synergistic roles on the prevention of age-related cognitive impairment remains to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Tanprasertsuk
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Leonard W Poon
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Rohini Vishwanathan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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40
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Wu Z, Huang Z, Lichtenstein AH, Liu Y, Chen S, Jin Y, Na M, Bao L, Wu S, Gao X. The risk of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in Chinese adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations < 70 mg/dL. BMC Med 2021; 19:142. [PMID: 34130689 PMCID: PMC8207613 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of stroke in individuals with very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations remains high. We sought to prioritize predictive risk factors for stroke in Chinese participants with LDL-C concentrations < 70 mg/dL using a survival conditional inference tree, a machine learning method. METHODS The training dataset included 9327 individuals with LDL-C concentrations < 70 mg/dL who were free of cardiovascular diseases and did not use lipid-modifying drugs from the Kailuan I study (N = 101,510). We examined the validity of this algorithm in a second Chinese cohort of 1753 participants with LDL-C concentrations < 70 mg/dL from the Kailuan II study (N = 35,856). RESULTS During a mean 8.5-9.0-year follow-up period, we identified 388 ischemic stroke cases and 145 hemorrhagic stroke cases in the training dataset and 20 ischemic stroke cases and 8 hemorrhagic stroke cases in the validation dataset. Of 15 examined predictors, poorly controlled blood pressure and very low LDL-C concentrations (≤ 40 mg/dL) were the top hierarchical predictors of both ischemic stroke risk and hemorrhagic stroke risk. The groups, characterized by the presence of 2-3 of aforementioned risk factors, were associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio (HR) 7.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.01-9.85 in the training dataset; HR 4.68, 95%CI 1.58-13.9 in the validation dataset) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR 3.94, 95%CI 2.54-6.11 in the training dataset; HR 4.73, 95%CI 0.81-27.6 in the validation dataset), relative to the lowest risk groups (presence of 0-1 of these factors). There was a linear association between cumulative average LDL-C concentrations and stroke risk. LDL-C concentrations ≤ 40 mg/dL was significantly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (HR 2.07, 95%CI 1.53, 2.80) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR 2.70, 95%CI 1.70, 4.30) compared to LDL-C concentrations of 55-70 mg/dL, after adjustment for age, hypertension status, and other covariates. CONCLUSION Individuals with extremely low LDL-C concentrations without previous lipid-modifying treatment could still be at high stroke risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489 . Registered on 24-08-2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yesong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Health Care Center, Kailuan Medical Group, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Le Bao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, 109 Chandlee Lab, State College, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Gervis JE, Chui K, Ma J, Coltell O, Fernández-Carrión R, Sorlí JV, Barragán R, González JI, Gimenez-Alba IM, Martinez-Lacruz R, Guillem-Saiz P, Pascual-Catelló EC, Portolés O, Ortega-Azorín C, Corella D, Lichtenstein AH. Abstract MP04: Taste Perception Profiles Are Associated With Patterns Of Adherence To A Mediterranean Diet Among Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.mp04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Evidence suggests perception of sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami tastes may be independently related to food preferences and intake. Our objective was to determine whether a collective measure of taste perception for all 5 tastes—“taste perception profiles”—was related to adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD).
Methods:
Participants were 367 older adults (55-75 years; 55% female) with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. A data-driven clustering approach identified six taste perception profiles from baseline taste perception scores: Low All (
n =
85), High Bitter (
n
= 41), High Umami (
n
= 61), Low Bitter & Umami (
n
= 59), High All But Bitter (
n
= 72) and High All But Umami (
n
= 49). A MedD adherence score was tabulated from a questionnaire which captured adherence to 17 pre-determined MedD criteria (range = 0-17; 1 point per criteria met). Generalized linear models were used to determine the relations between taste perception profiles and MedD adherence scores, with confounder adjustment.
Results:
Across profiles, there were no significant differences in MedD adherence scores (unadjusted mean range = 8.1-8.6; ANOVA, p
=
0.97); however, there were significant differences in the criteria met by each profile. For High All But Bitter and Low All profiles, 71% vs. 42% of individuals, respectively, met criteria for adequate vegetable intake (chi square = 12.8, p = 0.03); and for High All But Umami and High All But Bitter profiles, 95% vs. 65% of individuals, respectively, reported preferring lean over red meat (chi square = 12.5, p = 0.03). After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, diabetes, medication use and energy intake, compared to individuals with Low All (reference), those with High All But Bitter were more likely to meet criteria for adequate vegetable (OR [95% CI] = 2.9 [1.3, 6.6]), adequate sofrito (2.4 [1.1, 5.4]) and moderate wine (4.1 [1.5, 11.3]) intakes, and less likely to meet criteria for low non-whole grain pasta/rice (0.3 [0.1, 0.8]), white bread (0.3 [0.1, 0.6]) and red/processed meat (0.3 [0.2, 0.7]) intakes, and to report preferring lean over red meat (0.3 [0.1, 0.8]) and using extra virgin olive oil as a main cooking fat (0.4 [0.2, 0.95]); individuals with High Bitter were more likely to meet criteria for adequate fruit (2.7 [1.3, 5.5]) and less likely to meet criteria for low sugar-sweetened beverage (0.4 [0.2, 0.8]) intakes, while those with High Umami were more likely to meet criterion for adequate vegetable intake (2.2 [1.1, 4.5]). Neither Low Bitter & Umami nor High All But Umami were significantly associated with MedD adherence.
Conclusions:
Among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles were associated with differential patterns of adherence to a MedD, supporting the use of taste perception profiles when developing individualized dietary modification strategies to improve cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Dept of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts Univ Sch of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Friedman Sch of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts Univ, Boston, MA
| | - Oscar Coltell
- Dept of Computing Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I González
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Martinez-Lacruz
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Guillem-Saiz
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva C Pascual-Catelló
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Portolés
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Sch of Medicine, Univ of Valencia, Valencia-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Huang NK, Bůžková P, Matthan NR, Djoussé L, Hirsch CH, Kizer JR, Longstreth WT, Mukamal KJ, Lichtenstein AH. Associations of Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids With Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction: The CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019135. [PMID: 33682438 PMCID: PMC8174223 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Significant associations have been reported between serum total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in some prospective cohort studies. Little is known about whether individual or subclasses (saturated, polyunsaturated [n‐6 and n‐3], and trans fatty acids) of serum NEFAs relate to CHD mortality and nonfatal MI. Methods and Results CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (N=1681) who had no history of MI, angina, or revascularization or were free of MI at baseline (1996–1997) were included. NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate associations of 5 subclasses and individual NEFAs with CHD composite (CHD mortality and nonfatal MI), CHD mortality, and incident nonfatal MI. During a median follow‐up of 11.7 years, 266 cases of CHD death and 271 cases of nonfatal MI occurred. In the fully adjusted model, no significant associations were identified between individual NEFA and CHD composite. Exploratory analyses indicated that lauric acid (12:0) was negatively associated (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59–0.98; P=0.0328) and dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (20:3n‐6) was positively associated with CHD mortality (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02–1.76; P=0.0351). Elaidic acid (18:1n‐7t) was positively associated with incident nonfatal MI (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01–2.12; P=0.0445). No significant associations were observed for NEFA subclass and any outcomes. Conclusions In CHS participants, 2 NEFAs, dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and elaidic acids, were positively associated with CHD mortality and nonfatal MI, respectively, suggesting potential susceptibility biomarkers for risks of CHD mortality and nonfatal MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Huang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Calvin H Hirsch
- Division of General Internal Medicine University of California at Davis CA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System San Francisco CA.,Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology and Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
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Djousse L, Biggs ML, Matthan NR, Ix JH, Fitzpatrick AL, King I, Lemaitre RN, McKnight B, Kizer JR, Lichtenstein AH, Mukamal KJ, Siscovick DS. Serum Individual Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Risk of Heart Failure in Older Adults. Cardiology 2021; 146:351-358. [PMID: 33631767 DOI: 10.1159/000513917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with high costs. Although serum total nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) have been positively associated with HF risk, the contribution of each individual NEFA to HF risk has not been examined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association of individual fasting NEFAs with HF risk in older adults. METHODS In this prospective cohort study of older adults, we measured 35 individual NEFAs in 2,140 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study using gas chromatography. HF was ascertained using review of medical records by an endpoint committee. RESULTS The mean age was 77.7 ± 4.4 years, and 38.8% were male. During a median follow-up of 9.7 (maximum 19.0) years, 655 new cases of HF occurred. In a multivariable Cox regression model controlling for demographic and anthropometric variables, field center, education, serum albumin, glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, hormone replacement therapy, unintentional weight loss, and all other measured NEFAs, we observed inverse associations (HR [95% CI] per standard deviation) of nonesterified pentadecanoic (15:0) (0.73 [0.57-0.94]), γ-linolenic acid (GLA) (0.87 [0.75-1.00]), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.73 [0.61-0.88]) acids with HF, and positive associations of nonesterified stearic (18:0) (1.30 [1.04-1.63]) and nervonic (24:1n-9) (1.17 [1.06-1.29]) acids with HF. CONCLUSION Our data are consistent with a higher risk of HF with nonesterified stearic and nervonic acids and a lower risk with nonesterified 15:0, GLA, and DHA in older adults. If confirmed in other studies, specific NEFAs may provide new targets for HF prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Irena King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Li S, Lichtenstein AH, Chen S, Na M, Veldheer S, Xing A, Wang Y, Wu S, Gao X. Alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2021; 20:13. [PMID: 33522924 PMCID: PMC7852289 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies regarding whether light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have generated mixed results. Further, few studies have examined the potential impact of alcohol consumption on diverse disease outcomes simultaneously. We aimed to prospectively study the dose-response association between alcohol consumption and risk of CVD, cancer, and mortality. Methods This study included 83,732 adult Chinese participants, free of CVD and cancer at baseline. Participants were categorized into 6 groups based on self-report alcohol consumption: 0, 1–25, 26–150, 151–350, 351–750, and > 750 g alcohol/wk. Incident cases of CVD, cancers, and mortality were confirmed by medical records. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the composite risk of these three outcomes, and each individual outcome, were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model. Results During a median follow-up of 10.0 years, there were 6411 incident cases of CVD, 2947 cancers and 6646 deaths. We observed a J-shaped relation between alcohol intake and risk of CVD, cancer, and mortality, with the lowest risk at 25 g/wk., which is equivalent to ~ 2 servings/wk. Compared to consuming 1–25 g/wk., the adjusted HR for composite outcomes was 1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.29–1.49) for non-drinker, 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04–1.27) for 26–150 g/wk., 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10–1.34) for 151–350 g/wk., 1.33 (95% CI: 1.21–1.46) for 351–750 g/wk., and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.30–1.90) for > 750 g/wk., after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle, social economic status, and medication use. Conclusions Light alcohol consumption at ~ 25 g/wk was associated with lower risk of CVD, cancer, and mortality than none or higher consumption in Chinese adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00671-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 109 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 109 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Susan Veldheer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Aijun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 109 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Wong KE, Appel LJ, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Urine Metabolites Associated with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet: Results from the DASH-Sodium Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000695. [PMID: 33300290 PMCID: PMC7967699 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Serum metabolomic markers of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are previously reported. In an independent study, the similarity of urine metabolomic markers are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the DASH-Sodium trial, participants are randomly assigned to the DASH diet or control diet, and received three sodium interventions (high, intermediate, low) within each randomized diet group in random order for 30 days each. Urine samples are collected at the end of each intervention period and analyzed for 938 metabolites. Two comparisons are conducted: 1) DASH-high sodium (n = 199) versus control-high sodium (n = 193), and 2) DASH-low sodium (n = 196) versus control-high sodium. Significant metabolites identified using multivariable linear regression are compared and the top 10 influential metabolites identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis to the results from the DASH trial. Nine out of 10 predictive metabolites of the DASH-high sodium and DASH-low sodium diets are identical. Most candidate biomarkers from the DASH trial replicated. N-methylproline, chiro-inositol, stachydrine, and theobromine replicated as influential metabolites of DASH diets. CONCLUSIONS Candidate biomarkers of the DASH diet identified in serum replicated in urine. Replicated influential metabolites are likely to be objective biomarkers of the DASH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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46
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Pellegrini CN, Buzkova P, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Ix JH, Siscovick DS, Heckbert SR, Tracy RP, Mukamal KJ, Djoussé L, Kizer JR. Individual non-esterified fatty acids and incident atrial fibrillation late in life. Heart 2021; 107:1805-1812. [PMID: 33483356 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and dysmetabolism are major risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). Expansion of fat depots is associated with increased circulating total non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), elevated levels of which are associated with incident AF. We undertook comprehensive serum measurement of individual NEFA to identify specific associations with new-onset AF late in life. METHODS The present study focused on participants with available serum and free of AF selected from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based longitudinal investigation of older US adults. Thirty-five individual NEFAs were measured by gas chromatography. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of individual NEFAs with incident AF. RESULTS The study sample included 1872 participants (age 77.7±4.4). During median follow-up of 11.3 years, 715 cases of incident AF occurred. After concurrent adjustment of all NEFAs and full adjustment for potential confounders, higher serum concentration of nervonic acid (24:1 n-9), a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, was associated with higher risk of AF (HR per SD: 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.29; p<0.001). Conversely, higher serum concentration of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3 n-6), a polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acid, was associated with lower risk of AF (HR per SD: 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.94; p=0.004). None of the remaining NEFAs was significantly associated with AF. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults, serum levels of non-esterified nervonic acid were positively associated, while serum levels of non-esterified GLA were inversely associated, with incident AF. If confirmed, these results could offer new strategies for AF prevention and early intervention in this segment of the population at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara N Pellegrini
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA .,Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Biostatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Medicine and Epidemiology, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ye S, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Solano-Aguilar G, Turner JR, Walker ME, Chai Z, Lakshman S, Chen C, Dawson H, Urban JF, Lichtenstein AH. Colon transcriptome is modified by a dietary pattern/atorvastatin interaction in the Ossabaw pig. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 90:108570. [PMID: 33429036 PMCID: PMC8994518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing diet quality in conjunction with statin therapy is currently the most common approach for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk management. Although effects on the cardiovascular system have been extensively investigated, little is known about the effect of these interventions in the colon and subsequent associations with CAD progression. To address this gap, Ossabaw pigs were randomly allocated to receive, for a six-month period, isocaloric amounts of either a heart healthy-type diet (HHD; high in unrefined carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, fiber, supplemented with fish oil, and low in cholesterol) or a Western-type diet (WD; high in refined carbohydrate, saturated fat and cholesterol, and low in fiber), without or with atorvastatin therapy. At the end of the intervention period, colon samples were harvested, mucosa fraction isolated, and RNA sequenced. Gene differential expression and enrichment analyses indicated that dietary patterns and atorvastatin therapy differentially altered gene expression, with diet-statin interactions. Atorvastatin had a more profound effect on differential gene expression than diet. In pigs not receiving atorvastatin, the WD upregulated “LXR/RXR Activation” pathway compared to pigs fed the HHD. Enrichment analysis indicated that atorvastatin therapy lowered inflammatory status in the HHD-fed pigs, whereas it induced a colitis-like gene expression phenotype in the WD-fed pigs. No significant association was identified between gene expression phenotypes and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the left anterior descending-left circumflex bifurcation artery. These data suggested diet quality modulated the response to atorvastatin therapy in colonic mucosa, and these effects were unrelated to atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Ye
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi Chai
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology and Department of Nutritional Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Celine Chen
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry Dawson
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Ye S, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Aguilar GS, Turner JR, Walker ME, Chai Z, Lakshman S, Urban JF, Lichtenstein AH. Western and heart healthy dietary patterns differentially affect the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108577. [PMID: 33388349 PMCID: PMC8982565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet quality and statin therapy are established modulators of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, but their effect on the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent sequelae that could affect CAD progression are relatively unexplored. To address this gap, Ossabaw pigs (N = 32) were randomly assigned to receive isocaloric amounts of a Western-type diet (WD; high in saturated fat, refined carbohydrate, and cholesterol, and low in fiber) or a heart healthy-type diet (HHD; high in unsaturated fat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, supplemented with fish oil, and low in cholesterol), with or without atorvastatin, for 6 months. At the end of the study, RNA sequencing with 100 base pair single end reads on NextSeq 500 platform was conducted in isolated pig jejunal mucosa. A two-factor edgeR analysis revealed that the dietary patterns resulted in three differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism (SCD, FADS1, and SQLE). The expression of these genes was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerotic lesion severity. Subsequent gene enrichment analysis indicated the WD, compared to the HHD, resulted in higher interferon signaling and inflammation, with some of these genes being significantly associated with serum TNF-α and/or hsCRP concentrations, but not atherosclerotic lesion severity. No significant effect of atorvastatin therapy on gene expression, nor its interaction with dietary patterns, was identified. In conclusion, Western and heart healthy-type dietary patterns differentially affect the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Ye
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Solano Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Chai
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, Department of Nutritional Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Faits T, Walker ME, Rodriguez-Morato J, Meng H, Gervis JE, Galluccio JM, Lichtenstein AH, Johnson WE, Matthan NR. Exploring changes in the human gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites in response to diets enriched in simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydrate-containing foods: a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1631-1641. [PMID: 32936872 PMCID: PMC7727488 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary carbohydrate type may influence cardiometabolic risk through alterations in the gut microbiome and microbial-derived metabolites, but evidence is limited. OBJECTIVES We explored the relative effects of an isocaloric exchange of dietary simple, refined, and unrefined carbohydrate on gut microbiota composition/function, and selected microbial metabolite concentrations. METHODS Participants [n = 11; age: 65 ± 8 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 29.8 ± 3.2] were provided with each of 3 diets for 4.5 wk with 2-wk washout, according to a randomized, crossover design. Diets [60% of energy (%E) carbohydrate, 15%E protein, and 25%E fat] differed in type of carbohydrate. Fecal microbial composition, metatranscriptomics, and microbial-derived SCFA and secondary bile acid (SBA) concentrations were assessed at the end of each phase and associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). RESULTS Roseburia abundance was higher (11% compared with 5%) and fecal SBA concentrations were lower (lithocolic acid -50% and deoxycholic acid -64%) after consumption of the unrefined carbohydrate diet relative to the simple carbohydrate diet [false discovery rate (FDR): all P < 0.05), whereas Anaerostipes abundance was higher (0.35% compared with 0.12%; FDR: P = 0.04) after the simple carbohydrate diet relative to the refined carbohydrate diet. Metatranscriptomics indicated upregulation of 2 cellular stress genes (FDR: P < 0.1) after the unrefined carbohydrate diet compared with the simple carbohydrate or refined carbohydrate diets. The microbial expression of 3 cellular/oxidative stress and immune response genes was higher (FDR: P < 0.1) after the simple carbohydrate diet relative to the refined carbohydrate diet. No significant diet effect was observed in fecal SCFA concentrations. Independent of diet, we observed 16 associations (all FDR: P < 0.1) of taxon abundance (15 phylum and 1 genera) with serum inflammatory markers and also with fecal SCFA and SBA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Consuming an unrefined carbohydrate-rich diet had a modest effect on the gut microbiome and SBAs, resulting in favorable associations with selected CMRFs. Simple carbohydrate- and refined carbohydrate-rich diets have distinctive effects on the gut microbiome, suggesting differential mechanisms mediate their effects on cardiometabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01610661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Faits
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Morato
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huicui Meng
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Julie E Gervis
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean M Galluccio
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Evan Johnson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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So J, Wu D, Lichtenstein AH, Tai AK, Matthan NR, Maddipati KR, Lamon-Fava S. EPA and DHA differentially modulate monocyte inflammatory response in subjects with chronic inflammation in part via plasma specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators: A randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 316:90-98. [PMID: 33303222 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The independent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on chronic inflammation through their downstream lipid mediators, including the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM), remain unstudied. Therefore, we compared the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on monocyte inflammatory response and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) SPM lipidome. METHODS After a 4-week lead-in phase (baseline), 9 men and 12 postmenopausal women (50-75 years) with chronic inflammation received two phases of 10-week supplementation with 3 g/day EPA and DHA in a random order, separated by a 10-week washout. RESULTS Compared with baseline, EPA and DHA supplementation differently modulated LPS-stimulated monocyte cytokine expression. EPA lowered TNFA (p < 0.001) whereas DHA reduced TNFA (p < 0.001), IL6 (p < 0.02), MCP1 (p < 0.03), and IL10 (p < 0.01). DHA lowered IL10 expression relative to EPA (p = 0.03). Relative to baseline, EPA, but not DHA, decreased the ratios of TNFA/IL10 and MCP1/IL10 (both p < 0.01). EPA and DHA also significantly changed plasma PUFA SPM lipidome by replacing n-6 AA derivatives with their respective derivatives including 18-hydroxy-EPA (+5 fold by EPA) and 17- and 14-hydroxy-DHA (+3 folds by DHA). However, DHA showed a wider effect than EPA by also significantly increasing EPA derivatives and DPA-derived SPM at a greater expense of AA derivatives. Different groups of PUFA derivatives mediated the differential effects of EPA and DHA on monocyte cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA had distinct effects on monocyte inflammatory response with a broader effect of DHA in attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokines. These differential effects were potentially mediated by different groups of PUFA derivatives, suggesting immunomodulatory activities of SPM and their intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun So
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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