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Bernard L, Chen J, Kim H, Wong KE, Steffen LM, Yu B, Boerwinkle E, Levey AS, Grams ME, Rhee EP, Rebholz CM. Serum Metabolomic Markers of Protein-Rich Foods and Incident CKD: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100793. [PMID: 38495599 PMCID: PMC10940775 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective While urine excretion of nitrogen estimates the total protein intake, biomarkers of specific dietary protein sources have been sparsely studied. Using untargeted metabolomics, this study aimed to identify serum metabolomic markers of 6 protein-rich foods and to examine whether dietary protein-related metabolites are associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants A total of 3,726 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study without CKD at baseline. Exposures Dietary intake of 6 protein-rich foods (fish, nuts, legumes, red and processed meat, eggs, and poultry), serum metabolites. Outcomes Incident CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with ≥25% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline relative to visit 1, hospitalization or death related to CKD, or end-stage kidney disease). Analytical Approach Multivariable linear regression models estimated cross-sectional associations between protein-rich foods and serum metabolites. C statistics assessed the ability of the metabolites to improve the discrimination of highest versus lower 3 quartiles of intake of protein-rich foods beyond covariates (demographics, clinical factors, health behaviors, and the intake of nonprotein food groups). Cox regression models identified prospective associations between protein-related metabolites and incident CKD. Results Thirty significant associations were identified between protein-rich foods and serum metabolites (fish, n = 8; nuts, n = 5; legumes, n = 0; red and processed meat, n = 5; eggs, n = 3; and poultry, n = 9). Metabolites collectively and significantly improved the discrimination of high intake of protein-rich foods compared with covariates alone (difference in C statistics = 0.033, 0.051, 0.003, 0.024, and 0.025 for fish, nuts, red and processed meat, eggs, and poultry-related metabolites, respectively; P < 1.00 × 10-16 for all). Dietary intake of fish was positively associated with 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine (22:6n3), which was inversely associated with incident CKD (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.89; P = 7.81 × 10-6). Limitations Residual confounding and sample-storage duration. Conclusions We identified candidate biomarkers of fish, nuts, red and processed meat, eggs, and poultry. A fish-related metabolite, 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine (22:6n3), was associated with a lower risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bernard
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Morgan E. Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Precision of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Nephrology Division and Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Aslamy A, Wood AC, Jensen ET, Bertoni AG, Sheridan PA, Wong KE, Ramesh G, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Goodarzi MO. Increased Plasma Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Improved Glucose Homeostasis: The Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES). Diabetes 2024; 73:385-390. [PMID: 37992186 PMCID: PMC10882143 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been extensively studied for potential beneficial roles in glucose homeostasis and risk of diabetes; however, most of this research has focused on butyrate, acetate, and propionate. The effect on metabolism of branched SCFAs (BSCFAs; isobutyrate, isovalerate, and methylbutyrate) is largely unknown. In a cohort of 219 non-Hispanic White participants and 126 African American participants, we examined the association of BSCFA with dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) and oral glucose tolerance test-based measures of glucose and insulin homeostasis, as well as with demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and lipid traits, and other SCFAs. We observed a bimodal distribution of BSCFAs, with 25 individuals having high levels (H-BSCFA group) and 320 individuals having lower levels (L-BSCFA group). The prevalence of dysglycemia was lower in the H-BSCFA group compared with the L-BSCFA group (16% vs. 49%; P = 0.0014). This association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, and levels of other SCFAs. Consistent with the lower rate of dysglycemia, fasting and postprandial glucose levels were lower and the disposition index was higher in the H-BSCFA group. Additional findings in H-BSCFA versus L-BSCFA included lower fasting and postprandial C-peptide levels and lower insulin clearance without differences in insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, or other variables examined, including diet and physical activity. As one of the first human studies associating higher BSCFA levels with lower odds of dysglycemia and improved glucose homeostasis, this study sets the stage for further investigation of BSCFA as a novel target for prevention or treatment of diabetes. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Aslamy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexis C. Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth T. Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Gautam Ramesh
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Harbor-Torrance, CA
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Harbor-Torrance, CA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Liu G, Nguyen NQH, Wong KE, Agarwal SK, Boerwinkle E, Chang PP, Claggett BL, Loehr LR, Ma J, Matsushita K, Rodriguez CJ, Rossi JS, Russell SD, Stacey RB, Shah AM, Yu B. Metabolomic Association and Risk Prediction With Heart Failure in Older Adults. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e010896. [PMID: 38426319 PMCID: PMC10942215 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults have markedly increased risks of heart failure (HF), specifically HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Identifying novel biomarkers can help in understanding HF pathogenesis and improve at-risk population identification. This study aimed to identify metabolites associated with incident HF, HFpEF, and HF with reduced ejection fraction and examine risk prediction in older adults. METHODS Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed in Black and White adults from the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) visit 5 (n=3719; mean age, 75 years). We applied Cox regressions to identify metabolites associated with incident HF and its subtypes. The metabolite risk score (MRS) was constructed and examined for associations with HF, echocardiographic measures, and HF risk prediction. Independent samples from visit 3 (n=1929; mean age, 58 years) were used for replication. RESULTS Sixty metabolites (hazard ratios range, 0.79-1.49; false discovery rate, <0.05) were associated with incident HF after adjusting for clinical risk factors, eGFR, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide). Mannonate, a hydroxy acid, was replicated (hazard ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.19-1.56]) with full adjustments. MRS was associated with an 80% increased risk of HF per SD increment, and the highest MRS quartile had 8.7× the risk of developing HFpEF than the lowest quartile. High MRS was also associated with unfavorable values of cardiac structure and function. Adding MRS over clinical risk factors and NT-proBNP improved 5-year HF risk prediction C statistics from 0.817 to 0.850 (∆C, 0.033 [95% CI, 0.017-0.047]). The association between MRS and incident HF was replicated after accounting for clinical risk factors (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Novel metabolites associated with HF risk were identified, elucidating disease pathways, specifically HFpEF. An MRS was associated with HF risk and improved 5-year risk prediction in older adults, which may assist at at-risk population identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guning Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics Center and Environmental Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.L., N.Q.H.N., E.B., J.M., B.Y.)
| | - Ngoc Quynh H. Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics Center and Environmental Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.L., N.Q.H.N., E.B., J.M., B.Y.)
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon Inc, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC (K.E.W.)
| | - Sunil K. Agarwal
- Interventional Cardiology at St. John’s Hospital, Hospital Sister Health System, Springfield, IL (S.K.A.)
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics Center and Environmental Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.L., N.Q.H.N., E.B., J.M., B.Y.)
| | - Patricia P. Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (P.P.C., J.S.R.)
| | - Brian L. Claggett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (B.L.C.)
| | - Laura R. Loehr
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (L.R.L.)
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics Center and Environmental Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.L., N.Q.H.N., E.B., J.M., B.Y.)
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (K.M.)
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (C.J.R.)
| | - Joseph S. Rossi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (P.P.C., J.S.R.)
| | - Stuart D. Russell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.D.R.)
| | - R. Brandon Stacey
- Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (R.B.S.)
| | - Amil M. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.M.S.)
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics Center and Environmental Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.L., N.Q.H.N., E.B., J.M., B.Y.)
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Feofanova EV, Brown MR, Alkis T, Manuel AM, Li X, Tahir UA, Li Z, Mendez KM, Kelly RS, Qi Q, Chen H, Larson MG, Lemaitre RN, Morrison AC, Grieser C, Wong KE, Gerszten RE, Zhao Z, Lasky-Su J, Yu B. Author Correction: Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Human Metabolome in Multi-Ethnic Populations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6611. [PMID: 37857625 PMCID: PMC10587143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taryn Alkis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Astrid M Manuel
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xihao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin M Mendez
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bernard L, Chen J, Kim H, Huang Z, Bazzano L, Qi L, He J, Rao VS, Potts KS, Kelly TN, Wong KE, Steffen LM, Yu B, Rhee EP, Rebholz CM. Serum Metabolomic Markers of Dairy Consumption: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:2994-3002. [PMID: 37541543 PMCID: PMC10613758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy consumption is related to chronic disease risk; however, the measurement of dairy consumption has largely relied upon self-report. Untargeted metabolomics allows for the identification of objective markers of dietary intake. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify associations between dietary dairy intake (total dairy, low-fat dairy, and high-fat dairy) and serum metabolites in 2 independent study populations of United States adults. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate cross-sectional associations between dietary intake of dairy and 360 serum metabolites analyzed in 2 subgroups of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC; n = 3776). Results from the 2 subgroups were meta-analyzed using fixed effects meta-analysis. Significant meta-analyzed associations in the ARIC study were then tested in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; n = 785). RESULTS In the ARIC study and BHS, the mean age was 54 and 48 years, 61% and 29% were Black, and the mean dairy intake was 1.7 and 1.3 servings/day, respectively. Twenty-nine significant associations between dietary intake of dairy and serum metabolites were identified in the ARIC study (total dairy, n = 14; low-fat dairy, n = 10; high-fat dairy, n = 5). Three associations were also significant in BHS: myristate (14:0) was associated with high-fat dairy, and pantothenate was associated with total dairy and low-fat dairy, but 23 of the 27 associations significant in the ARIC study and tested in BHS were not associated with dairy in BHS. CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolomic associations with dietary intake of dairy, including 3 associations found in 2 independent cohort studies. These results suggest that myristate (14:0) and pantothenate (vitamin B5) are candidate biomarkers of dairy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bernard
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Varun S Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kaitlin S Potts
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kari E Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Kim H, Appel LJ, Lichtenstein AH, Wong KE, Chatterjee N, Rhee EP, Rebholz CM. Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Blood Pressure Reduction in Response to the DASH and DASH-Sodium Dietary Interventions. Hypertension 2023; 80:1494-1506. [PMID: 37161796 PMCID: PMC10262995 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets reduced blood pressure (BP) in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We identified metabolites associated with systolic BP or diastolic BP (DBP) changes induced by dietary interventions (DASH versus control arms) in 2 randomized controlled feeding studies-the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials. METHODS Metabolomic profiling was conducted in serum and urine samples collected at the end of diet interventions: DASH (n=219) and DASH-Sodium (n=395). Using multivariable linear regression models, associations were examined between metabolites and change in systolic BP and DBP. Tested for interactions between diet interventions and metabolites were the following comparisons: (1) DASH versus control diets in the DASH trial (serum), (2) DASH high-sodium versus control high-sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial (urine), and (3) DASH low-sodium versus control high-sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial (urine). RESULTS Sixty-five significant interactions were identified (DASH trial [serum], 12; DASH high sodium [urine], 35; DASH low sodium [urine], 18) between metabolites and systolic BP or DBP. In the DASH trial, serum tryptophan betaine was associated with reductions in DBP in participants consuming the DASH diets but not control diets (P interaction, 0.023). In the DASH-Sodium trial, urine levels of N-methylglutamate and proline derivatives (eg, stachydrine, 3-hydroxystachydrine, N-methylproline, and N-methylhydroxyproline) were associated with reductions in systolic BP or DBP in participants consuming the DASH diets but not control diets (P interaction, <0.05 for all tests). CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolites that were associated with BP lowering in response to dietary interventions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03403166; Unique identifier: NCT03403166 (DASH trial). URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT00000608; Unique identifier: NCT00000608 (DASH-Sodium trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A., C.M.R.)
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (A.H.L.)
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC (K.E.W.)
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics (N.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Nephrology Division and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.P.R.)
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
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7
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Beaudoin JJ, Clemens L, Miedel MT, Gough A, Zaidi F, Ramamoorthy P, Wong KE, Sarangarajan R, Battista C, Shoda LKM, Siler SQ, Taylor DL, Howell BA, Vernetti LA, Yang K. The Combination of a Human Biomimetic Liver Microphysiology System with BIOLOGXsym, a Quantitative Systems Toxicology (QST) Modeling Platform for Macromolecules, Provides Mechanistic Understanding of Tocilizumab- and GGF2-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119692. [PMID: 37298645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics address a range of unmet clinical needs, but the occurrence of biologics-induced liver injury remains a major challenge. Development of cimaglermin alfa (GGF2) was terminated due to transient elevations in serum aminotransferases and total bilirubin. Tocilizumab has been reported to induce transient aminotransferase elevations, requiring frequent monitoring. To evaluate the clinical risk of biologics-induced liver injury, a novel quantitative systems toxicology modeling platform, BIOLOGXsym™, representing relevant liver biochemistry and the mechanistic effects of biologics on liver pathophysiology, was developed in conjunction with clinically relevant data from a human biomimetic liver microphysiology system. Phenotypic and mechanistic toxicity data and metabolomics analysis from the Liver Acinus Microphysiology System showed that tocilizumab and GGF2 increased high mobility group box 1, indicating hepatic injury and stress. Tocilizumab exposure was associated with increased oxidative stress and extracellular/tissue remodeling, and GGF2 decreased bile acid secretion. BIOLOGXsym simulations, leveraging the in vivo exposure predicted by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and mechanistic toxicity data from the Liver Acinus Microphysiology System, reproduced the clinically observed liver signals of tocilizumab and GGF2, demonstrating that mechanistic toxicity data from microphysiology systems can be successfully integrated into a quantitative systems toxicology model to identify liabilities of biologics-induced liver injury and provide mechanistic insights into observed liver safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Beaudoin
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lara Clemens
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mark T Miedel
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina Battista
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lisl K M Shoda
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Scott Q Siler
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Brett A Howell
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lawrence A Vernetti
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kyunghee Yang
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Feofanova EV, Brown MR, Alkis T, Manuel AM, Li X, Tahir UA, Li Z, Mendez KM, Kelly RS, Qi Q, Chen H, Larson MG, Lemaitre RN, Morrison AC, Grieser C, Wong KE, Gerszten RE, Zhao Z, Lasky-Su J, Yu B. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Human Metabolome in Multi-Ethnic Populations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3111. [PMID: 37253714 PMCID: PMC10229598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating metabolite levels may reflect the state of the human organism in health and disease, however, the genetic architecture of metabolites is not fully understood. We have performed a whole-genome sequencing association analysis of both common and rare variants in up to 11,840 multi-ethnic participants from five studies with up to 1666 circulating metabolites. We have discovered 1985 novel variant-metabolite associations, and validated 761 locus-metabolite associations reported previously. Seventy-nine novel variant-metabolite associations have been replicated, including three genetic loci located on the X chromosome that have demonstrated its involvement in metabolic regulation. Gene-based analysis have provided further support for seven metabolite-replicated loci pairs and their biologically plausible genes. Among those novel replicated variant-metabolite pairs, follow-up analyses have revealed that 26 metabolites have colocalized with 21 tissues, seven metabolite-disease outcome associations have been putatively causal, and 7 metabolites might be regulated by plasma protein levels. Our results have depicted the genetic contribution to circulating metabolite levels, providing additional insights into understanding human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taryn Alkis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Astrid M Manuel
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xihao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin M Mendez
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Bernard L, Chen J, Kim H, Wong KE, Steffen LM, Yu B, Boerwinkle E, Rebholz CM. Metabolomics of Dietary Intake of Total, Animal, and Plant Protein: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100067. [PMID: 37304852 PMCID: PMC10257224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary consumption has traditionally been studied through food intake questionnaires. Metabolomics can be used to identify blood markers of dietary protein that may complement existing dietary assessment tools. Objectives We aimed to identify associations between 3 dietary protein sources (total protein, animal protein, and plant protein) and serum metabolites using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Methods Participants' dietary protein intake was derived from a food frequency questionnaire administered by an interviewer, and fasting serum samples were collected at study visit 1 (1987-1989). Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed in 2 subgroups (subgroup 1: n = 1842; subgroup 2: n = 2072). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations between 3 dietary protein sources and 360 metabolites, adjusting for demographic factors and other participant characteristics. Analyses were performed separately within each subgroup and meta-analyzed with fixed-effects models. Results In this study of 3914 middle-aged adults, the mean (SD) age was 54 (6) y, 60% were women, and 61% were Black. We identified 41 metabolites significantly associated with dietary protein intake. Twenty-six metabolite associations overlapped between total protein and animal protein, such as pyroglutamine, creatine, 3-methylhistidine, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid. Plant protein was uniquely associated with 11 metabolites, such as tryptophan betaine, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, N-δ-acetylornithine, and pipecolate. Conclusions The results of 17 of the 41 metabolites (41%) were consistent with those of previous nutritional metabolomic studies and specific protein-rich food items. We discovered 24 metabolites that had not been previously associated with dietary protein intake. These results enhance the validity of candidate markers of dietary protein intake and introduce novel metabolomic markers of dietary protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bernard
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor Colleague of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Su D, Chen J, Du S, Kim H, Yu B, Wong KE, Boerwinkle E, Rebholz CM. Metabolomic Markers of Ultra-Processed Food and Incident CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:327-336. [PMID: 36735499 PMCID: PMC10103271 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High ultra-processed food consumption is associated with higher risk of CKD. However, there is no biomarker for ultra-processed food, and the mechanism through which ultra-processed food is associated with CKD is not clear. Metabolomics can provide objective biomarkers of ultra-processed food and provide important insights into the mechanisms by which ultra-processed food is associated with risk of incident CKD. Our objective was to identify serum metabolites associated with ultra-processed food consumption and investigate whether ultra-processed food-associated metabolites are prospectively associated with incident CKD. METHODS We used data from 3751 Black and White men and women (aged 45-64 years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative 66-item food frequency questionnaire, and ultra-processed food was classified using the NOVA classification system. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify the association between 359 metabolites and ultra-processed food consumption. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the prospective association of ultra-processed food-associated metabolites with incident CKD. RESULTS Twelve metabolites (saccharine, homostachydrine, stachydrine, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine, catechol sulfate, caffeine, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, theobromine, docosahexaenoate, glucose, mannose, and bradykinin) were significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption after controlling for false discovery rate <0.05 and adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, eGFR, and total energy intake. The 12 ultra-processed food-related metabolites significantly improved the prediction of ultra-processed food consumption (difference in C statistics: 0.069, P <1×10 -16 ). Higher levels of mannose, glucose, and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine were associated with higher risk of incident CKD after a median follow-up of 23 years. CONCLUSIONS We identified 12 serum metabolites associated with ultra-processed food consumption and three of them were positively associated with incident CKD. Mannose and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine are novel markers of CKD that may explain observed associations between ultra-processed food and CKD. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_03_08_CJN08480722.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Su
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shutong Du
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Cui J, Ramesh G, Wu M, Jensen ET, Crago O, Bertoni AG, Gao C, Hoffman KL, Sheridan PA, Wong KE, Wood AC, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Petrosino JF, Rich SS, Goodarzi MO. Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Insulin Homeostasis: The Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES). Diabetes 2022; 71:2438-2446. [PMID: 35972231 PMCID: PMC9630078 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiome studies have documented depletion of butyrate-producing taxa in type 2 diabetes. We analyzed associations between butyrate-producing taxa and detailed measures of insulin homeostasis, whose dysfunction underlies diabetes in 224 non-Hispanic Whites and 129 African Americans, all of whom completed an oral glucose tolerance test. Stool microbiome was assessed by whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing with taxonomic profiling. We examined associations among 36 butyrate-producing taxa (n = 7 genera and 29 species) and insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, disposition index, insulin clearance, and prevalence of dysglycemia (prediabetes plus diabetes, 46% of cohort), adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and race. The genus Coprococcus was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (β = 0.14; P = 0.002) and disposition index (β = 0.12; P = 0.012) and a lower rate of dysglycemia (odds ratio [OR] 0.91; 95% CI 0.85-0.97; P = 0.0025). In contrast, Flavonifractor was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (β = -0.13; P = 0.004) and disposition index (β = -0.11; P = 0.04) and higher prevalence of dysglycemia (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.08-1.38; P = 0.0013). Species-level analyses found 10 bacteria associated with beneficial directions of effects and two bacteria with adverse associations on insulin homeostasis and dysglycemia. Although most butyrate producers analyzed appear to be metabolically beneficial, this is not the case for all such bacteria, suggesting that microbiome-directed therapeutic measures to prevent or treat diabetes should be targeted to specific butyrate-producing taxa rather than all butyrate producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gautam Ramesh
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Elizabeth T. Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Osa Crago
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Chunxu Gao
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kristi L. Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Alexis C. Wood
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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12
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Kim H, Yu B, Li X, Wong KE, Boerwinkle E, Seidelmann SB, Levey AS, Rhee EP, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Serum metabolomic signatures of plant-based diets and incident chronic kidney disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:151-164. [PMID: 35218183 PMCID: PMC9257476 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater adherence to plant-based diets is associated with a lower risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Metabolomics can help identify blood biomarkers of plant-based diets and enhance understanding of underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVES Using untargeted metabolomics, we aimed to identify metabolites associated with 4 plant-based diet indices (PDIs) (overall PDI, provegetarian diet, healthful PDI, and unhealthful PDI) and incident CKD in 2 subgroups within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. METHODS We calculated 4 PDIs based on participants' responses on an FFQ. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between 4 PDIs and 374 individual metabolites, adjusting for confounders. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations between PDI-related metabolites and incident CKD. Estimates were meta-analyzed across 2 subgroups (n1 = 1762; n2 = 1960). We calculated C-statistics to assess whether metabolites improved the prediction of those in the highest quintile compared to the lower 4 quintiles of PDIs, and whether PDI- and CKD-related metabolites predicted incident CKD beyond the CKD prediction model. RESULTS We identified 82 significant PDI-metabolite associations (overall PDI = 27; provegetarian = 17; healthful PDI = 20; unhealthful PDI = 18); 11 metabolites overlapped across the overall PDI, provegetarian diet, and healthful PDI. The addition of metabolites improved prediction of those in the highest quintile as opposed to the lower 4 quintiles of PDIs compared with participant characteristics alone (range of differences in C-statistics = 0.026-0.104; P value ≤ 0.001 for all tests). Six PDI-related metabolites (glycerate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, γ-glutamylalanine, γ-glutamylglutamate, γ-glutamylleucine, γ-glutamylvaline), involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and γ-glutamyl peptide metabolism, were significantly associated with incident CKD and improved prediction of incident CKD beyond the CKD prediction model (difference in C-statistics for 6 metabolites = 0.005; P value = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS In a community-based study of US adults, we identified metabolites that were related to plant-based diets and predicted incident CKD. These metabolites highlight pathways through which plant-based diets are associated with incident CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Nephrology Division and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, White K, Wong KE, Miller ER, Coresh J, Appel LJ, Rebholz CM. Plasma Metabolites Associated with a Protein-Rich Dietary Pattern: Results from the OmniHeart Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100890. [PMID: 35081272 PMCID: PMC8930517 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Scope Lack of biomarkers is a challenge for the accurate assessment of protein intake and interpretation of observational study data. The study aims to identify biomarkers of a protein‐rich dietary pattern. Methods and Results The Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OmniHeart) trial is a randomized cross‐over feeding study which tested three dietary patterns with varied macronutrient content (carbohydrate‐rich; protein‐rich with about half from plant sources; and unsaturated fat‐rich). In 156 adults, differences in log‐transformed plasma metabolite levels at the end of the protein‐ and carbohydrate‐rich diet periods using paired t‐tests is examined. Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis is used to identify a set of metabolites which are influential in discriminating between the protein‐rich versus carbohydrate‐rich dietary patterns. Of 839 known metabolites, 102 metabolites differ significantly between the protein‐rich and the carbohydrate‐rich dietary patterns after Bonferroni correction, the majority of which are lipids (n = 35), amino acids (n = 27), and xenobiotics (n = 24). Metabolites which are the most influential in discriminating between the protein‐rich and the carbohydrate‐rich dietary patterns represent plant protein intake, food or beverage intake, and preparation methods. Conclusions The study identifies many plasma metabolites associated with the protein‐rich dietary pattern. If replicated, these metabolites may be used to assess level of adherence to a similar dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen White
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari E Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edgar R Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Wong KE, Appel LJ, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Urine Metabolites Associated with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet: Results from the DASH-Sodium Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000695. [PMID: 33300290 PMCID: PMC7967699 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Serum metabolomic markers of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are previously reported. In an independent study, the similarity of urine metabolomic markers are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the DASH-Sodium trial, participants are randomly assigned to the DASH diet or control diet, and received three sodium interventions (high, intermediate, low) within each randomized diet group in random order for 30 days each. Urine samples are collected at the end of each intervention period and analyzed for 938 metabolites. Two comparisons are conducted: 1) DASH-high sodium (n = 199) versus control-high sodium (n = 193), and 2) DASH-low sodium (n = 196) versus control-high sodium. Significant metabolites identified using multivariable linear regression are compared and the top 10 influential metabolites identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis to the results from the DASH trial. Nine out of 10 predictive metabolites of the DASH-high sodium and DASH-low sodium diets are identical. Most candidate biomarkers from the DASH trial replicated. N-methylproline, chiro-inositol, stachydrine, and theobromine replicated as influential metabolites of DASH diets. CONCLUSIONS Candidate biomarkers of the DASH diet identified in serum replicated in urine. Replicated influential metabolites are likely to be objective biomarkers of the DASH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Salic K, Gart E, Seidel F, Verschuren L, Caspers M, van Duyvenvoorde W, Wong KE, Keijer J, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Wielinga PY, Kleemann R. Combined Treatment with L-Carnitine and Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Hepatic Metabolism and Attenuates Obesity and Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184359. [PMID: 31491949 PMCID: PMC6770226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity characterized by adiposity and ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Treatments that stimulate lipid utilization may prevent the development of obesity and comorbidities. This study evaluated the potential anti-obesogenic hepatoprotective effects of combined treatment with L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside, i.e., components that can enhance fatty acid transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane and increase nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+) levels, which are necessary for β-oxidation and the TCA cycle, respectively. Ldlr -/-.Leiden mice were treated with high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with L-carnitine (LC; 0.4% w/w), nicotinamide riboside (NR; 0.3% w/w) or both (COMBI) for 21 weeks. L-carnitine plasma levels were reduced by HFD and normalized by LC. NR supplementation raised its plasma metabolite levels demonstrating effective delivery. Although food intake and ambulatory activity were comparable in all groups, COMBI treatment significantly attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain, fat mass gain (-17%) and hepatic steatosis (-22%). Also, NR and COMBI reduced hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal adducts. Upstream-regulator gene analysis demonstrated that COMBI reversed detrimental effects of HFD on liver metabolism pathways and associated regulators, e.g., ACOX, SCAP, SREBF, PPARGC1B, and INSR. Combination treatment with LC and NR exerts protective effects on metabolic pathways and constitutes a new approach to attenuate HFD-induced obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Florine Seidel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Martien Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivana Bobeldijk-Pastorova
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Y Wielinga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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West MD, Chang CF, Larocca D, Li J, Jiang J, Sim P, Labat I, Chapman KB, Wong KE, Nicoll J, Van Kanegan MJ, de Grey ADNJ, Nasonkin IO, Stahl A, Sternberg H. Clonal derivation of white and brown adipocyte progenitor cell lines from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:7. [PMID: 30616682 PMCID: PMC6323697 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of brown fat in non-shivering thermogenesis and the discovery of brown fat depots in adult humans has made it the subject of intense research interest. A renewable source of brown adipocyte (BA) progenitors would be highly valuable for research and therapy. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells to white or brown adipocytes is limited by lack of cell purity and scalability. Here we describe an alternative approach involving the identification of clonal self-renewing human embryonic progenitor (hEP) cell lines following partial hPS cell differentiation and selection of scalable clones. METHODS We screened a diverse panel of hPS cell-derived clonal hEP cell lines for adipocyte markers following growth in adipocyte differentiation medium. The transcriptome of the human hES-derived clonal embryonic progenitor cell lines E3, C4ELS5.1, NP88, and NP110 representing three class of definitive adipocyte progenitors were compared to the relatively non-adipogenic line E85 and adult-derived BAT and SAT-derived cells using gene expression microarrays, RT-qPCR, metabolic analysis and immunocytochemistry. Differentiation conditions were optimized for maximal UCP1 expression. RESULTS Many of the differentiated hEP cell lines expressed the adipocyte marker, FAPB4, but only a small subset expressed definitive adipocyte markers including brown adipocyte marker, UCP1. Class I cells (i.e., E3) expressed CITED1, ADIPOQ, and C19orf80 but little to no UCP1. Class II (i.e., C4ELS5.1) expressed CITED1 and UCP1 but little ADIPOQ and LIPASIN. Class III (i.e., NP88, NP110) expressed CITED1, ADIPOQ, C19orf80, and UCP1 in a similar manner as fetal BAT-derived (fBAT) cells. Differentiated NP88 and NP110 lines were closest to fBAT cells morphologically in adiponectin and uncoupling protein expression. But they were more metabolically active than fBAT cells, had higher levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, and lacked expression of fetal/adult marker, COX7A1. The hEP BA progenitor lines were scalable to 17 passages without loss of differentiation capacity and could be readily rederived. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that self-renewing adipocyte progenitor cells can be derived from hES cells and that they are functionally like BAT cells but with unique properties that might be advantageous for basic research and for development of cell-based treatments for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. West
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- 0000 0001 2181 7878grid.47840.3fUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Dana Larocca
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Jie Li
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Jianjie Jiang
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Pamela Sim
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Ivan Labat
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Karen B. Chapman
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Kari E. Wong
- grid.429438.0Metabolon Inc., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - James Nicoll
- grid.422945.cZen-Bio, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | | | - Aubrey D. N. J. de Grey
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA ,SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
| | | | - Andreas Stahl
- 0000 0001 2181 7878grid.47840.3fUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Hal Sternberg
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
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17
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Goedeke L, Bates J, Vatner DF, Perry RJ, Wang T, Ramirez R, Li L, Ellis MW, Zhang D, Wong KE, Beysen C, Cline GW, Ray AS, Shulman GI. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibition Reverses NAFLD and Hepatic Insulin Resistance but Promotes Hypertriglyceridemia in Rodents. Hepatology 2018; 68:2197-2211. [PMID: 29790582 PMCID: PMC6251774 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymes, ACC1 and ACC2, offers an attractive therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through simultaneous inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. However, the effects of ACC inhibition on hepatic mitochondrial oxidation, anaplerosis, and ketogenesis in vivo are unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of a liver-directed allosteric inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2 (Compound 1) on these parameters, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, in control and diet-induced rodent models of NAFLD. Oral administration of Compound 1 preferentially inhibited ACC enzymatic activity in the liver, reduced hepatic malonyl-CoA levels, and enhanced hepatic ketogenesis by 50%. Furthermore, administration for 6 days to high-fructose-fed rats resulted in a 20% reduction in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Importantly, long-term treatment (21 days) significantly reduced high-fat sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis, protein kinase C epsilon activation, and hepatic insulin resistance. ACCi treatment was associated with a significant increase in plasma triglycerides (approximately 30% to 130%, depending on the length of fasting). ACCi-mediated hypertriglyceridemia could be attributed to approximately a 15% increase in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein production and approximately a 20% reduction in triglyceride clearance by lipoprotein lipase (P ≤ 0.05). At the molecular level, these changes were associated with increases in liver X receptor/sterol response element-binding protein-1 and decreases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α target activation and could be reversed with fenofibrate co-treatment in a high-fat diet mouse model. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies warrant further investigation into the therapeutic utility of liver-directed ACC inhibition for the treatment of NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | - Daniel F. Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City CA 94404
| | | | - Li Li
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City CA 94404
| | - Matthew W. Ellis
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | | | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
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18
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Seiler SE, Koves TR, Gooding JR, Wong KE, Stevens RD, Ilkayeva OR, Wittmann AH, DeBalsi KL, Davies MN, Lindeboom L, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Muoio DM. Carnitine Acetyltransferase Mitigates Metabolic Inertia and Muscle Fatigue during Exercise. Cell Metab 2015; 22:65-76. [PMID: 26154055 PMCID: PMC4754082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acylcarnitine metabolites have gained attention as biomarkers of nutrient stress, but their physiological relevance and metabolic purpose remain poorly understood. Short-chain carnitine conjugates, including acetylcarnitine, derive from their corresponding acyl-CoA precursors via the action of carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT), a bidirectional mitochondrial matrix enzyme. We show here that contractile activity reverses acetylcarnitine flux in muscle, from net production and efflux at rest to net uptake and consumption during exercise. Disruption of this switch in mice with muscle-specific CrAT deficiency resulted in acetyl-CoA deficit, perturbed energy charge, and diminished exercise tolerance, whereas acetylcarnitine supplementation produced opposite outcomes in a CrAT-dependent manner. Likewise, in exercise-trained compared to untrained humans, post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery rates were positively associated with CrAT activity and coincided with dramatic shifts in muscle acetylcarnitine dynamics. These findings show acetylcarnitine serves as a critical acetyl buffer for working muscles and provide insight into potential therapeutic strategies for combatting exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Seiler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Division of Geriatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Jessica R Gooding
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Kari E Wong
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - April H Wittmann
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Karen L DeBalsi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Michael N Davies
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Lucas Lindeboom
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Radiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA.
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19
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Wong KE, Mikus CR, Slentz DH, Seiler SE, DeBalsi KL, Ilkayeva OR, Crain KI, Kinter MT, Kien CL, Stevens RD, Muoio DM. Muscle-Specific Overexpression of PGC-1α Does Not Augment Metabolic Improvements in Response to Exercise and Caloric Restriction. Diabetes 2015; 64:1532-43. [PMID: 25422105 PMCID: PMC4407850 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study used mice with muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, to determine whether increased oxidative potential facilitates metabolic improvements in response to lifestyle modification. MCK-PGC1α mice and nontransgenic (NT) littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, followed by stepwise exposures to voluntary wheel running (HFD+Ex) and then 25% caloric restriction with exercise (Ex/CR), each for an additional 10 weeks with continued HFD. Running and CR improved weight and glucose control similarly in MCK-PGC1α and NT mice. Sedentary MCK-PGC1α mice were more susceptible to diet-induced glucose intolerance, and insulin action measured in isolated skeletal muscles remained lower in the transgenic compared with the NT group, even after Ex/CR. Comprehensive profiling of >200 metabolites and lipid intermediates revealed dramatic group-specific responses to the intervention but did not produce a lead candidate that tracked with changes in glucose tolerance irrespective of genotype. Instead, principal components analysis identified a chemically diverse metabolite cluster that correlated with multiple measures of insulin responsiveness. These findings challenge the notion that increased oxidative capacity defends whole-body energy homeostasis and suggest that the interplay between mitochondrial performance, lipotoxicity, and insulin action is more complex than previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Wong
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Catherine R Mikus
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah E Seiler
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Karen L DeBalsi
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Karen I Crain
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Free Radical Biology & Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - C Lawrence Kien
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
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20
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DeBalsi KL, Wong KE, Koves TR, Slentz DH, Seiler SE, Wittmann AH, Ilkayeva OR, Stevens RD, Perry CGR, Lark DS, Hui ST, Szweda L, Neufer PD, Muoio DM. Targeted metabolomics connects thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) to mitochondrial fuel selection and regulation of specific oxidoreductase enzymes in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8106-20. [PMID: 24482226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an α-arrestin family member involved in redox sensing and metabolic control. Growing evidence links TXNIP to mitochondrial function, but the molecular nature of this relationship has remained poorly defined. Herein, we employed targeted metabolomics and comprehensive bioenergetic analyses to evaluate oxidative metabolism and respiratory kinetics in mouse models of total body (TKO) and skeletal muscle-specific (TXNIP(SKM-/-)) Txnip deficiency. Compared with littermate controls, both TKO and TXNIP(SKM-/-) mice had reduced exercise tolerance in association with muscle-specific impairments in substrate oxidation. Oxidative insufficiencies in TXNIP null muscles were not due to perturbations in mitochondrial mass, the electron transport chain, or emission of reactive oxygen species. Instead, metabolic profiling analyses led to the discovery that TXNIP deficiency causes marked deficits in enzymes required for catabolism of branched chain amino acids, ketones, and lactate, along with more modest reductions in enzymes of β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The decrements in enzyme activity were accompanied by comparable deficits in protein abundance without changes in mRNA expression, implying dysregulation of protein synthesis or stability. Considering that TXNIP expression increases in response to starvation, diabetes, and exercise, these findings point to a novel role for TXNIP in coordinating mitochondrial fuel switching in response to nutrient availability.
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21
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Szeto FL, Reardon CA, Yoon D, Wang Y, Wong KE, Chen Y, Kong J, Liu SQ, Thadhani R, Getz GS, Li YC. Vitamin D receptor signaling inhibits atherosclerosis in mice. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1091-101. [PMID: 22638071 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin D has been implicated in cardiovascular protection, few studies have addressed the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in atherosclerosis. Here we investigate the effect of inactivation of the VDR signaling on atherogenesis and the antiatherosclerotic mechanism of vitamin D. Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)(-/-)/VDR(-/-) mice exhibited site-specific accelerated atherogenesis, accompanied by increases in adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in the aorta and cholesterol influx in macrophages. Macrophages showed marked renin up-regulation in the absence of VDR, and inhibition of renin by aliskiren reduced atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-)/VDR(-/-) mice, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) promotes atherosclerosis in the absence of VDR. LDLR(-/-) mice receiving LDLR(-/-)/VDR(-/-) BMT developed larger lesions than LDLR(-/-) BMT controls. Moreover, LDLR(-/-) mice receiving Rag-1(-/-)/VDR(-/-) BMT, which were unable to generate functional T and B lymphocytes, still had more severe atherosclerosis than Rag-1(-/-) BMT controls, suggesting a critical role of macrophage VDR signaling in atherosclerotic suppression. Aliskiren treatment eliminated the difference in lesions between Rag-1(-/-)/VDR(-/-) BMT and Rag-1(-/-) BMT recipients, indicating that local RAS activation in macrophages contributes to the enhanced atherogenesis seen in Rag-1(-/-)/VDR(-/-) BMT mice. Taken together, these observations provide evidence that macrophage VDR signaling, in part by suppressing the local RAS, inhibits atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Szeto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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22
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Wong KE, Kong J, Zhang W, Szeto FL, Ye H, Deb DK, Brady MJ, Li YC. Targeted expression of human vitamin D receptor in adipocytes decreases energy expenditure and induces obesity in mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33804-10. [PMID: 21840998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.257568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated a high fat diet-resistant lean phenotype of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mutant mice mainly due to increased energy expenditure, suggesting an involvement of the VDR in energy metabolism. Here, we took a transgenic approach to further define the role of VDR in adipocyte biology. We used the aP2 gene promoter to target the expression of the human (h) VDR in adipocytes in mice. In contrast to the VDR-null mice, the aP2-hVDR Tg mice developed obesity compared with the wild-type counterparts without changes in food intake. The increase in fat mass was mainly due to markedly reduced energy expenditure, which was correlated with decreased locomotive activity and reduced fatty acid β-oxidation and lipolysis in the adipose tissue in the transgenic mice. Consistently, the expression of genes involved in the regulation of fatty acid transport, thermogenesis, and lipolysis were suppressed in the transgenic mice. Taken together, these data confirm an important role of the VDR in the regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Wong
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Division of Biological Sciences,The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Lee KM, Guo S, Manning V, Thane K, Wong KE. Are the demographic and clinical features of pathological gamblers seeking treatment in Singapore changing? Singapore Med J 2011; 52:428-431. [PMID: 21731995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The expansion in gambling activities over the past decade has made gambling more accessible than ever. This could bring changes in the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of those seeking treatment for pathological gambling. METHODS This study examined the differences between two cohorts of 150 patients each, treated at the National Addictions Management Service between 2001 and 2006 (cohort-1) and between 2006 and 2008 (cohort-2), respectively. RESULTS Compared to cohort-1, cohort-2 was significantly younger (p-value less than 0.01), comprised fewer Chinese and were more highly educated (p-value less than 0.05), with no significant difference in gender or marital status. Regarding the type of gambling activities, cohort-2 was more likely to engage in soccer betting (p-value less than 0.01). Although the proportion presenting with any comorbidity remained unchanged, alcohol use disorders had increased more than three-fold and suicide risk was slightly elevated, although not significantly. DISCUSSION Clinicians should undertake routine screening and assessment of alcohol misuse and suicide risk, offering brief interventions, where necessary, for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lee
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747
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Zheng W, Wong KE, Zhang Z, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Kong J, Deb DK, Zheng H, Bissonnette M, Li YC. Inactivation of the vitamin D receptor in APC(min/+) mice reveals a critical role for the vitamin D receptor in intestinal tumor growth. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:10-9. [PMID: 21328347 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an inhibitory role for vitamin D in colorectal carcinogenesis; however, the mechanism remains unclear. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The purpose of our study is to explore the interactions of vitamin D and APC/β-catenin pathways in intestinal tumor development. APC(min/+) mice with genetic inactivation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were generated through breeding. Intestinal tumorigenesis was compared between APC(min/+) and APC(min/+) VDR(-/-) mice at different ages. No differences were seen in the number of small intestinal and colonic tumors between APC(min/+) and APC(min/+) VDR(-/-) mice aged 3, 4, 6 and 7 months. The size of the tumors, however, was significantly increased in APC(min/+) VDR(-/-) mice in all age groups. Immunostaining showed significant increases in β-catenin, cyclin D1, phosphorylated Stat-3 and MSH-2 levels and decreases in Stat-1 in APC(min/+) VDR(-/-) tumors compared to APC(min/+) tumors. These observations suggest that VDR signaling inhibits tumor growth rather than tumor initiation in the intestine. Thus, the increased tumor burden in APC(min/+) VDR(-/-) mice is likely due to the loss of the growth-inhibiting effect of VDR. This study provides strong evidence for the in vivo relevance of the interaction demonstrated in vitro between the vitamin D and β-catenin signaling pathways in intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medical Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Recent studies have established that vitamin D plays multiple biological roles beyond calcium metabolism; however, whether vitamin D is involved in energy metabolism is unknown. To address this question, we characterized the metabolic phenotypes of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mutant mice. Under a normocalcemic condition, VDR-null mice displayed less body fat mass and lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels compared with wild-type (WT) mice; when placed on a high-fat diet, VDR-null mice showed a slower growth rate and accumulated less fat mass globally than WT mice, even though their food intake and intestinal lipid transport capacity were the same as WT mice. Consistent with the lower adipose mass, plasma leptin levels were lower and white adipocytes were histologically smaller in VDR-null mice than WT mice. The rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation in the white adipose tissue was higher, and the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, UCP2 and UCP3 was markedly upregulated in VDR-null mice, suggesting a higher energy expenditure in the mutant mice. Experiments using primary brown fat culture confirmed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly suppressed the expression of the UCPs. Consistently, the energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and CO2 production in VDR-null mice were markedly higher than in WT mice. These data indicate that vitamin D is involved in energy metabolism and adipocyte biology in vivo in part through regulation of beta-oxidation and UCP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Wong
- Department of Medicine, Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, MC 4076, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Deb DK, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Szeto FL, Wong KE, Kong J, Li YC. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses high glucose-induced angiotensinogen expression in kidney cells by blocking the NF-{kappa}B pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F1212-8. [PMID: 19193728 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00002.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a major mediator of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy. Our previous studies demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] plays a renoprotective role by suppressing the RAS, with renin and angiotensinogen (AGT) as the main targets. The mechanism whereby 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) transcriptionally suppresses renin gene expression has been elucidated; however, how vitamin D regulates AGT remains unknown. Exposure of mesangial cells or podocytes to high glucose (HG; 30 mM) markedly stimulated AGT expression. In mesangial cells, the stimulation was inhibited by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (20 nM) or NF-kappaB inhibitor BAY 11-7082, suggesting the involvement of NF- kappaB in HG-induced AGT expression and the interaction between 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and NF-kappaB in the regulation. Plasmid pNF-kappaB-Luc luciferase reporter assays showed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) blocked HG-induced NF-kappaB activity. EMSA and ChIP assays demonstrated increased p65/p50 binding to a NF-kappaB binding site at -1734 in the AGT gene promoter upon high glucose stimulation, and the binding was disrupted by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. Overexpression of p65/p50 overcame 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppression, and mutation of this NF-kappaB binding site blunted 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppression of the promoter activity. In mice lacking the vitamin D receptor, AGT mRNA expression in the kidney was markedly increased compared with wild-type mice, and AGT induction in diabetic mice was suppressed by treatment with a vitamin D analog. These data indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppresses hyperglycemia-induced AGT expression by blocking NF-kappaB-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Deb
- Department of Medicine and Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kong J, Zhang Z, Li D, Wong KE, Zhang Y, Szeto FL, Musch MW, Li YC. Loss of vitamin D receptor produces polyuria by increasing thirst. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:2396-405. [PMID: 18832438 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice develop polyuria, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D and homeostasis of water and electrolytes. VDR-null mice had polyuria, but the urine osmolarity was normal as a result of high salt excretion. The urinary responses to water restriction and to vasopressin were similar between wild-type and VDR-null mice, suggesting intact fluid-handling capacity in VDR-null mice. Compared with wild-type mice, however, renin and angiotensin II were dramatically upregulated in the kidney and brain of VDR-null mice, leading to a marked increase in water intake and salt appetite. Angiotensin II-mediated upregulation of intestinal NHE3 expression partially explained the increased salt absorption and excretion in VDR-null mice. In the brain of VDR-null mice, expression of c-Fos, which is known to associate with increased water intake, was increased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the subfornical organ. Treatment with an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist normalized water intake, urinary volume, and c-Fos expression in VDR-null mice. Furthermore, despite a salt-deficient diet to reduce intestinal salt absorption, VDR-null mice still maintained the increased water intake and urinary output. Together, these data indicate that the polyuria observed in VDR-null mice is not caused by impaired renal fluid handling or increased intestinal salt absorption but rather is the result of increased water intake induced by the increase in systemic and brain angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Yuan W, Pan W, Kong J, Zheng W, Szeto FL, Wong KE, Cohen R, Klopot A, Zhang Z, Li YC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses renin gene transcription by blocking the activity of the cyclic AMP response element in the renin gene promoter. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29821-30. [PMID: 17690094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705495200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) down-regulates renin expression. To explore the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the mouse Ren-1c gene promoter by luciferase reporter assays. Deletion analysis revealed two DNA fragments from -2,725 to -2,647 (distal fragment) and from -117 to +6 (proximal fragment) that are sufficient to mediate the repression. Mutation of the cAMP response element (CRE) in the distal fragment blunted forskolin stimulation as well as 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibition of the transcriptional activity, suggesting the involvement of CRE in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced suppression. EMSA revealed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) markedly inhibited nuclear protein binding to the CRE in the promoter. ChIP and GST pull-down assays demonstrated that liganded VDR blocked the binding of CREB to the CRE by directly interacting with CREB with the ligand-binding domain, and the VDR-mediated repression can be rescued by CREB, CBP, or p300 overexpression. These data indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppresses renin gene expression at least in part by blocking the formation of CRE-CREB-CBP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Zhang Z, Yuan W, Sun L, Szeto FL, Wong KE, Li X, Kong J, Li YC. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 targeting of NF-kappaB suppresses high glucose-induced MCP-1 expression in mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2007; 72:193-201. [PMID: 17507908 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages accumulate in kidney glomeruli and interstitium of patients with diabetic nephropathy in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); a chemokine produced by both tubular epithelial and mesangial cells (MCs). Vitamin D and its analogs have been shown to have renoprotective effects; however, there are few studies involving diabetic nephropathy. We explored mechanisms by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) can be renoprotective by measuring MCP-1 expression in MCs. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we found that high glucose (HG)-induced MCP-1 transcription and that this induction is blocked by 1,25(OH)2D3. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that HG increased the p65/p50 binding to the two NF-kappaB sites within the promoter. This was suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D3, but this decrease was reversed by overexpression of p65. 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to stabilize IkappaBalpha leading to an inhibition of p65 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent reduction of NF-kappaB binding. In primary MCs prepared from vitamin D receptor knockout animals, basal MCP-1 levels were elevated but not affected by 1,25(OH)2D3. The analog paricalcitol inhibited the induction and activity of MCP-1 while ameliorating glomerulosclerosis in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Our results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 might block hyperglycemia-induced renal injury by blunting NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome and predictors of patients with schizophrenia 20 years later. METHOD The patients, aged 15-39 years, with diagnosis of schizophrenia and first admitted to a national mental hospital in Singapore in 1975 were included. In 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995, their hospital records were examined and the patients were interviewed to determine their working and treatment status. Possible predictors of good outcome and suicide data were determined. RESULTS A total of 402 patients were included. Over 20 years, there was lower percentage of patients working full time and proportionately more patients were receiving out-patient treatment. Overall, about two-third of the patients had a good/fair outcome. Shorter illness duration before admission was significantly associated with a good outcome. The suicide rate was the highest in the first 10 years. CONCLUSION Most patients with schizophrenia had a good/fair outcome at 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kua
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health & Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lee HS, Tan CH, Khoo YM, Chee KT, Wong KE, Chong SA, Mahendran R, Yap JL, Low BL, Choo CH, Chan A. Serum concentrations and clinical effects of risperidone in schizophrenic patients in Singapore--a preliminary report. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47:460-1. [PMID: 10366241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Chong SA, Yap HL, Low BL, Choo CH, Chan AO, Wong KE, Mahendran R, Chee KT. Clinical evaluation of risperidone in Asian patients with schizophrenia in Singapore. Singapore Med J 1999; 40:41-3. [PMID: 10361485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of risperidone in a group of Asian patients with schizophrenia in an 8-week open-label, prospective study. METHODS Patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia were recruited from Woodbridge Hospital. After a washout period, they were started on a 56-day trial of risperidone. Outcome was assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the clinical global impression scale (CGI) and the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS). RESULTS The mean daily risperidone dose at end point was 5.6 mg (range, 3 to 8 md/day). Mean PANSS scores were reduced significantly from 78 +/- 15.1 at baseline to 56.6 +/- 10.9 at end point. Seventeen patients (85%) who were treatment responders, showed at least a 20% reduction in total PANSS scores at end point while nine patients (45%) had a greater than 50% reduction in the total PANSS scores. According to the CGI scale, 85% improved at end point. The severity of extrapyramidal symptoms (mean ESRS scores) were significantly lower at end point than at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Risperidone was effective in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chong
- Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
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Chong SA, Mahendran R, Wong KE. Use of atypical neuroleptics in a state mental institute. Ann Acad Med Singap 1998; 27:547-51. [PMID: 9791664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors sought to give a perspective of the local use of two atypical neuroleptics which may represent a new era in the treatment of schizophrenia. The findings from local drug trials and clinical reports are summarised. Both clozapine and risperidone are efficacious in reducing the psychotic symptomatology of schizophrenia as well as inducing less extrapyramidal side-effects. Differences in plasma clozapine levels were found in local Chinese patients when compared to American subjects. Combined use of clozapine and risperidone may give rise to adverse reactions. Both clozapine and risperidone are efficacious and safe in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chong
- Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tay AH, Lim LC, Lee WL, Wong KE, Wong LY, Tsoi WF. Association between allele 1 of T102C polymorphism, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2a receptor gene and schizophrenia in Chinese males in Singapore. Hum Hered 1997; 47:298-300. [PMID: 9358020 DOI: 10.1159/000154428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The T102C polymorphism at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2a receptor (5HTR2a) gene was studied in 101 Chinese male schizophrenics and 103 controls. Genotyping revealed a predominance of allele 1 among schizophrenics. This is in contrast to previous reports in Caucasians and Japanese which showed an association of allele 2 of this polymorphism with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Wong KE, Chong SA, Ngui F, Winslow M, Devan GS, Leong OK, Choo CH. Initial experience with clozapine in Woodbridge Hospital. Singapore Med J 1997; 38:336-8. [PMID: 9364887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and side-effect profile of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine in local Asian patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHOD Patients were treated with 12 weeks of clozapine after undergoing a washout of all previous neuroleptics. They were assessed weekly on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal Side-Effects. RESULTS Clinical improvement (according to criteria established a priori) at study end point was shown in 78.9% of the patients. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of the extrapyramidal side-effects at starting and end points. The mean daily dosage was 356.6 mg. The most common adverse effect was hypersalivation. CONCLUSION Clozapine is effective and well tolerated in local patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Wong
- Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
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Chong SA, Tan CH, Khoo YM, Lee HS, Wong KE, Ngui F, Winslow M. Clinical evaluation and plasma clozapine concentrations in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Ther Drug Monit 1997; 19:219-23. [PMID: 9108654 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199704000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between clozapine dosages, plasma concentrations, and clinical responses in Chinese schizophrenics were studied. Fourteen treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients were treated with clozapine for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed before and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and the Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effect. Plasma clozapine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ten patients (71.4%) responded after 12 weeks of treatment. Although the mean daily dosage at week 12 (373 +/- 90 mg/day) was lower than that reported in American trials (444 mg/day), the mean plasma clozapine concentration attained (1,078 +/- 385 ng/ml) was higher. This higher concentration may be due to the lower body wight and the preponderance of women among our patients, absence of smoking and alcohol use, and/or ethnic difference between Chinese and non-Chinese. There was wide interindividual variation in the plasma clozapine concentrations. Compared with other studies, the plasma clozapine concentrations and the response rate were higher. Although the sample size was small, the findings are suggestive of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic ethnic differences in Chinese with clozapine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chong
- Institute of Mental Health and Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
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Mahendran R, Chee KT, Peh LH, Wong KE, Lim L. A postmarketing surveillance study of zopiclone in insomnia. Singapore Med J 1994; 35:390-3. [PMID: 7899899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Zopiclone, a novel cyclopyrrolone compound has recently become available for the treatment of insomnia in Singapore. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies have shown it to be an effective hypnotic with a good safety profile and minimal side-effects. The efficacy of Zopiclone was studied in a group of patients with insomnia (n = 40). The study group comprised patients with and without a psychiatric diagnosis. About two-thirds (65%) of the patients had been on hypnotics previously without relief of the insomnia. There was improvement in the various sleep parameters studied: sleep latency, sleep duration, night awakening, sleep quality, dreams, "day-after" effects. The drug was well-tolerated and only four patients experienced minor side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahendran
- Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
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Wong KE. A practical approach to the management of psychoses. Singapore Med J 1993; 34:346-8. [PMID: 8266211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The importance of differentiating between the organic and functional psychoses is stressed. The salient features of the different types of functional psychoses are discussed and the management of the psychoses is approached from biological, psychological and sociological angles at the same time. Corroboration of history by concerned relatives or friends is deemed indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Wong
- Unit III, Woodbridge Hospital, Jalan Woodbridge, Singapore
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Abstract
A cohort of 330 Chinese schizophrenic patients below age 40 were interviewed 5, 10 and 15 years later to determine which variables could predict their outcome. There were 189 males (57%) and 141 females (43%). At the end of 15 years, 48 (15%) died (34 (10%) from suicide). At the end of 5, 10 and 15 years, the percentages of patients still able to work were 55%, 54% and 48%, and still receiving treatment were 45%, 41% and 45% respectively. The patients who were well in 1990 had fewer readmissions. The only variables that consistently predicted outcome was duration of illness. Age and education level were fairly useful in predicting outcome. Sex, family history, work status, marital status, alcohol, drug and suicide history, and such symptoms as thought disorder, affective blunting, depression, delusions and hallucinations were not useful in predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Tsoi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore
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Wong KE. Stevens-Johnson syndrome in neuroleptic-carbamazepine combination. Singapore Med J 1990; 31:432-3. [PMID: 1979691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome developing after the addition of Carbamazepine to existing neuroleptic medication are described. In all 3, the syndrome developed within two weeks of starting Carbamazepine. It is suggested that neuroleptic-Carbamazepine combination predisposes the patient to increased risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. This observation is pertinent in everyday psychiatric practice as there is indication of increasing prescription of Carbamazepine.
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Chee KT, Wong KE. Depersonalization syndrome--a report of 9 cases. Singapore Med J 1990; 31:331-4. [PMID: 2255928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depersonalization is defined and the clinical characteristics of 9 patients presenting with Depersonalization Syndrome are discussed. The cases comprise 5 males and 4 females with an age range of 15-47 years, of which two-thirds presented with an acute onset of symptoms. The diagnosis is made on the patients' own descriptions of their symptoms. Criteria laid out by Ackner and ICD-9 are closely adhered to. The findings of the study are compared with those of Shorvon's 66 cases and similarities are found. Depersonalization symptoms described by Mayer-Gross are reviewed. That depersonalization itself appears to have an affective aspect and a somatic aspect is noted, and an explanation for both aspects is attempted. The resistance to various treatment is confirmed.
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Leong OK, Wong KE, Tay WK, Gill RC. A comparative study of pipothiazine palmitate and fluphenazine decanoate in the maintenance of remission of schizophrenia. Singapore Med J 1989; 30:436-40. [PMID: 2575796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a randomized, controlled, partially-blinded, flexible dose, parallel group, comparative study of the efficacy and tolerance of pipothiazine palmitate and fluphenazine decanoate in patients in remission from Schizophrenia over a 28 week period. The results show that pipothiazine palmitate is at least as efficacious and well-tolerated as fluphenazine decanoate in preventing relapses from maintained Schizophrenia.
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Tsoi WF, Chew SK, Kua EH, Wong KE. A ten-year follow-up study of schizophrenia. Singapore Med J 1988; 29:347-9. [PMID: 3249960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wong KE. Masturbation during sleep--a somnambulistic variant? Singapore Med J 1986; 27:542-3. [PMID: 3589730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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