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Xiao Y, Yang D, Zhang H, Guo H, Liao Y, Lian C, Yao Y, Gao H, Huang Y. Theabrownin as a Potential Prebiotic Compound Regulates Lipid Metabolism via the Gut Microbiota, Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, and Hepatic FoxO/PPAR Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8506-8520. [PMID: 38567990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The dysregulation of lipid metabolism poses a significant health threat, necessitating immediate dietary intervention. Our previous research unveiled the prebiotic-like properties of theabrownin. This study aimed to further investigate the theabrownin-gut microbiota interactions and their downstream effects on lipid metabolism using integrated physiological, genomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches. The results demonstrated that theabrownin significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation induced by a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet (HFD). Moreover, theabrownin significantly improved HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and induced significant alterations in microbiota-derived metabolites. Additionally, the detailed interplay between theabrownin and gut microbiota was revealed. Analysis of hepatic transcriptome indicated that FoxO and PPAR signaling pathways played pivotal roles in response to theabrownin-gut microbiota interactions, primarily through upregulating hepatic Foxo1, Prkaa1, Pck1, Cdkn1a, Bcl6, Klf2, Ppara, and Pparg, while downregulating Ccnb1, Ccnb2, Fabp3, and Plin1. These findings underscored the critical role of gut-liver axis in theabrownin-mediated improvements in lipid metabolism disorders and supported the potential of theabrownin as an effective prebiotic compound for targeted regulation of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046013, China
| | - Huan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Changhong Lian
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi 046099, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yina Huang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yu W, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Long X, Yi Y, Ai S. Fumigaclavine C ameliorates liver steatosis by attenuating hepatic de novo lipogenesis via modulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37587459 PMCID: PMC10428638 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been well defined as a common chronic liver metabolism disorder. Statins as a first-line therapeutic treatment had some side effects. Here, we found that Fumigaclavine C (FC) was collected from endophytic Aspergillus terreus via the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae), had potential anti-adipogenic and hepatoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo without obvious adverse side effects. However, the mechanisms of the prevention and management of FC for hepatic steatosis are incompletely delineated. METHODS The pharmacodynamic effects of FC were measured in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Liver index and blood biochemical were examined. Histopathological examination in the liver was performed by hematoxylin & eosin or oil red O. The levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, FFA, T-bili, ALT, AST, creatinine, and creatine kinase were estimated via diagnostic assay kits. The levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes were detected via qRT-PCR. The expression levels of hepatic de novo lipogenesis were quantitated with Western blot analysis. RESULTS: FC-treatment markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. FC significantly attenuated the hepatic lipid metabolism and ameliorated liver injury without obvious adverse side effects. Moreover, FC also could dose-dependently modulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription genes. Mechanically, FC notably suppressed sterol response element binding protein-1c mediated de novo lipogenesis via interfering with the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway by decreasing the levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that FC could improve hepatic steatosis through inhibiting de novo lipogenesis via modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanguo Yu
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoya Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Long
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yi
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ai
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
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Wang N, Lan C, Mehmood MA, He M, Xiao X, Li L, Liao D, Xu K, Mo S, Zhang P, Zhou X, Gu B, Zhu H, Wu T. Effects of Pu-erh and Dian Hong tea polyphenols on the gut-liver axis in mice. AMB Express 2023; 13:53. [PMID: 37266757 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) are the most biologically active components in tea, with antioxidant, antiobesity, and antitumor properties, as well as the ability to modulate the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. This experimental study evaluated the chemical constituents of polyphenols in Pu-erh (PTP) and Dian Hong tea (DHTP). It also investigated the co-regulatory effects of PTP and DHTP on intestinal flora and liver tissues in mice using 16 S rRNA gene and transcriptome sequencing. The results revealed that DHT had higher concentrations of EGC (epigallocatechin), C (catechin), EC (epicatechin), and EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate). In contrast, PT had higher concentrations of GA (gallic acid), ECG (epicatechin-3-gallate), TF (theaflavin), and TB (theabrownin). PTP and DHTP consumption significantly reduced the rates of weight gain in mice. Microbial community diversity was significantly higher in PTP and DHTP-treated mice than in the control group. Notably, beneficial microbes such as Lactobacillus increased significantly in PTP-treated mice, whereas Lachnospiraceae increased significantly in DHTP-treated mice. Both PTP and DHTP improved the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the beneficial effects of PTP and DHTP were due to changes in various metabolic pathways, the majority of which were related to antioxidant and lipid metabolism. This study discovered that PTP and DHTP had beneficial effects in mice via the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaohua Lan
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Manli He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiongjun Xiao
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Linman Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Dalong Liao
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shan Mo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Puyu Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Baoxiang Gu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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Wen JJ, Li MZ, Chen CH, Hong T, Yang JR, Huang XJ, Geng F, Hu JL, Nie SP. Tea polyphenol and epigallocatechin gallate ameliorate hyperlipidemia via regulating liver metabolism and remodeling gut microbiota. Food Chem 2023; 404:134591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Research progress on the lipid-lowering and weight loss effects of tea and the mechanism of its functional components. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109210. [PMID: 36395969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity caused by poor eating habits has become a great challenge faced by public health organizations worldwide. Optimizing dietary intake and ingesting special foods containing biologically active substances (such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes) is a safe and effective dietary intervention to prevent the occurrence and development of obesity. Tea contains several active dietary factors, and daily tea consumption has been shown to have various health benefits, especially in regulating human metabolic diseases. Here, we reviewed recent advances in research on tea and its functional components in improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and gut microbiota homeostasis and related clinical research. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms by which the functional components of tea could promote lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects by regulating fat synthesis/metabolism, glucose metabolism, gut microbial homeostasis, and liver function were summarized. The research results showing a "positive effect" or "no effect" objectively evaluates the lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects of the functional components of tea. This review provides a new scientific basis for further research on the functional ingredients of tea for lipid lowering and weight loss and the development of lipid-lowering and weight-loss functional foods and beverages derived from tea.
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Wang N, Lan C, Lu H, Li L, Liao D, Xu K, Sun H, Tang Y, Wang Y, Mei J, Wei M, Wu T, Zhu H. Preventive effect and mechanism of Tibetan tea extract on thrombosis in arachidonic acid-induced zebrafish determined via RNA-seq transcriptome profiles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285216. [PMID: 37205684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a key pathological event in cardiovascular diseases and is also the most important targeting process for their clinical management. In this study, arachidonic acid (AA) was used to induce thrombus formation in zebrafish larvae. Blood flow, red blood cell (RBCs) aggregation and cellular oxidative stress were measured to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of Tibetan tea (TT). Meanwhile, the potential molecular mechanism was further explored by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The results indicated that TT could significantly restore heart RBCs intensity of thrombotic zebrafish, whilst decreasing RBCs accumulation in the caudal vein. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the preventive effect of TT on thrombosis could be mostly attributed to changes in lipid metabolism related signaling pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, glycerollipid metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction and steroid biosynthesis signaling pathway. This study demonstrated that Tibetan tea could alleviate thrombosis by reducing oxidative stress levels and regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou, PR China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle (Luzhou) Advanced Technology Research Institute, Luzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Lan
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linman Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Dalong Liao
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle (Luzhou) Advanced Technology Research Institute, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Tang
- Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle (Luzhou) Advanced Technology Research Institute, Luzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jie Mei
- Sichuan Jixiang Tea Co., Ltd., Ya'an, China
| | - Mengting Wei
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
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Yuan Y, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Wan H, Hu Y, Wu Z, Li X, Song W, Chen X. Physicochemical and Colon Cancer Cell Inhibitory Properties of Theabrownins Prepared by Weak Alkali Oxidation of Tea Polyphenols. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:405-411. [PMID: 35794451 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing studies on the biological activity of theabrownins are not based on their free state but on the complexes of theabrownins, polysaccharides, proteins, and flavonoids. In this study, theabrownins (TBs-C) were prepared by weak alkali oxidation of tea polyphenols. The ultraviolet-visible scanning spectrum of TBs-C showed two characteristic absorption peaks at 203 and 270 nm. The zeta potential of the TBs-C aqueous solution was negative, and the values varied from - 6.26 to -19.55 mV with a solution pH of 3-9. Storage conditions of pH 5.0-7.0 and around 25 °C were beneficial for the physical and chemical stability of the TBS-C solution. Cells were treated with series concentrations and examined by MTT, HE staining, PI immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR to investigate the antiproliferative effect of TBs-C on human colon cancer HT-29 cells. The results showed that TBs-C, particularly at 500 µg/mL, inhibited cell growth. TBs-C induced HT-29 cell apoptosis, as confirmed by morphological changes, nucleus propidium iodide staining, and distributions of the cell cycle. The apoptotic mechanism may be due to the intracellular redox imbalance induced by TBs-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
- South Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute for Characteristic Agriculture, 437100, Xianning, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226-8501, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
- South Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute for Characteristic Agriculture, 437100, Xianning, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- South Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute for Characteristic Agriculture, 437100, Xianning, China
| | - Yuxi Hu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
- South Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute for Characteristic Agriculture, 437100, Xianning, China
| | - Zhengqi Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
- South Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute for Characteristic Agriculture, 437100, Xianning, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China.
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Wu D, Chen R, Zhang W, Lai X, Sun L, Li Q, Zhang Z, Cao J, Wen S, Lai Z, Li Z, Cao F, Sun S. Tea and its components reduce the production of uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8239. [PMID: 35844955 PMCID: PMC9250135 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health benefits of tea are as diverse including the reduction of uric acid levels. Xanthine oxidase is the most directly mediated enzyme in the production of uric acid. Objective To explore the inhibitory effects of different teas and its main bioactive components on the production of uric acid. Design Experimental study. The experiments were conducted in vitro using human immortalized normal liver cell line HL-7702 (L-02). Results The inhibition of the xanthine oxidase activities and the expression level of xanthine dehydrogenase mRNA stimulated in the hyperuric hepatocyte cell model showed that the unfermented green tea and th1e lightly fermented yellow tea, white tea, and oolong tea significantly stronger than the highly fermented black tea and dark tea. The main bioactive compound, gallic acid, showed the strongest inhibitory effect on uric acid production, followed by tea polyphenols and theaflavins. Discussion All teas exhibited significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase activities, and the degree of fermentation of tea may be inversely proportional to its ability to inhibit the production of uric acid. Compared with tea polyphenols rich in tea, gallic acid may be a more potential uric acid-lowering component. Conclusion In this article, we first compared the effects of six traditional Chinese tea made from a single variety in stabilizing the synthesis of uric acid and found that the lighter the fermentation, the greater the potential for inhibiting the production of uric acid. Furthermore, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of its main biochemical active ingredients and found that the inhibitory effects of polyphenols rich in lightly fermented tea were significantly stronger than caffeine rich in highly fermented tea. Our findings will be helpful for people to choose a proper tea for alleviating hyperuricemia and provide a scientific basis for uric acid-lowering tea processing. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxi Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Fanrong Cao, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou, China
- Shili Sun, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dafeng Road No.6, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
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Li Q, Van de Wiele T. Gut microbiota as a driver of the interindividual variability of cardiometabolic effects from tea polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1500-1526. [PMID: 34515591 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1965536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols have been extensively studied for their preventive properties against cardiometabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the evidence of these effects from human intervention studies is not always consistent, mainly because of a large interindividual variability. The bioavailability of tea polyphenols is low, and metabolism of tea polyphenols highly depends on individual gut microbiota. The accompanying reciprocal relationship between tea polyphenols and gut microbiota may result in alterations in the cardiometabolic effects, however, the underlying mechanism of which is little explored. This review summarizes tea polyphenols-microbiota interaction and its contribution to interindividual variability in cardiometabolic effects. Currently, only a few bacteria that can biodegrade tea polyphenols have been identified and generated metabolites and their bioactivities in metabolic pathways are not fully elucidated. A deeper understanding of the role of complex interaction necessitates fully individualized data, the ntegration of multiple-omics platforms and development of polyphenol-centered databases. Knowledge of this microbial contribution will enable the functional stratification of individuals in the gut microbiota profile (metabotypes) to clarify interindividual variability in the health effects of tea polyphenols. This could be used to predict individual responses to tea polyphenols consumption, hence bringing us closer to personalized nutrition with optimal dose and additional supplementation of specific microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiong Li
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bao T, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Chen W. Phenolic profile of jujube fruit subjected to gut microbiota fermentation and its antioxidant potential against ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:397-409. [PMID: 33973421 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the composition of bioactive substances and the antioxidant effects of jujube fruit under gut microbiota fermentation (GMF), and the inhibitory effect on cytotoxicity caused by ethyl carbamate (EC). METHODS Changes in the contents of flavonoids, polyphenols, total sugars, and reducing sugars of jujube fruit after GMF (0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) were determined. The oxidation resistance of fermented jujube fruits (from 0 to 48 h fermentation) was evaluated using in vitro 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Inhibitory effects of 48 h-fermented jujube fruit at various concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg/mL) on EC-treated toxicity and DNA damage of Caco-2 cells were estimated using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and nuclear staining assays, respectively. Effects of different concentrations of jujube fruit on EC-treated Caco-2 cells' intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also evaluated. RESULTS Jujube fruit has rich bioactive components after GMF and shows strong antioxidant capacity. Fermented jujube fruit can inhibit the cytotoxicity and DNA damage of Caco-2 cells caused by EC and reduce intracellular ROS generation, as well as restoring GSH and MMP. CONCLUSIONS Fermented jujube fruit extracts produced by GMF still contain biologically active substances which retain biological activity and antioxidation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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11
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Xie L, Tang Q, Yao D, Gu Q, Zheng H, Wang X, Yu Z, Shen X. Effect of Decaffeinated Green Tea Polyphenols on Body Fat and Precocious Puberty in Obese Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:736724. [PMID: 34712203 PMCID: PMC8546255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been reported to be an important contributing factor for precocious puberty, especially in girls. The effect of green tea polyphenols on weight reduction in adult population has been shown, but few related studies have been conducted in children. This study was performed to examine the effectiveness and safety of decaffeinated green tea polyphenols (DGTP) on ameliorating obesity and early sexual development in girls with obesity. DESIGN This is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Girls with obesity aged 6-10 years old were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg/day DGTP or isodose placebo orally for 12 weeks. During this period, all participants received the same instruction on diet and exercise from trained dietitians. Anthropometric measurements, secondary sexual characteristics, B-scan ultrasonography of uterus, ovaries and breast tissues, and related biochemical parameters were examined and assessed pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS Between August 2018 and January 2020, 62 girls with obesity (DGTP group n = 31, control group n = 31) completed the intervention and were included in analysis. After the intervention, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio significantly decreased in both groups, but the percentage of body fat (PBF), serum uric acid (UA), and the volumes of ovaries decreased significantly only within the DGTP group. After controlling confounders, DGTP showed a significantly decreased effect on the change of PBF (β = 2.932, 95% CI: 0.214 to 5.650), serum UA (β = 52.601, 95% CI: 2.520 to 102.681), and ovarian volumes (right: β = 1.881, 95% CI: 0.062 to 3.699, left: β = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.019 to 1.923) in girls with obesity. No side effect was reported in both groups during the whole period. CONCLUSION DGTP have shown beneficial effects of ameliorated obesity and postponed early sexual development in girls with obesity without any adverse effects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03628937], identifier [NCT03628937].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingya Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Yao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyun Gu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuhua Shen,
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12
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Wang Z, Yu X, Chen Y. Recruitment of Thermogenic Fat: Trigger of Fat Burning. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:696505. [PMID: 34367068 PMCID: PMC8341719 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.696505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissues possess the remarkable capacity to convert energy into heat, which potentially opens novel therapeutic perspectives targeting the epidemic of metabolic syndromes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These thermogenic fats implement mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and uncouple respiration to catabolize fatty acids and glucose, which leads to an increase in energy expenditure. In particular, beige adipocytes that arise in white adipose tissue display their thermogenic capacity through various noncanonical mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the general overview of thermogenic fat, especially including the UCP1-independent adaptive thermogenesis and the emerging mechanisms of "beiging", which may provide more evidence of targeting thermogenic fat to counteract obesity and other metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Chen,
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Matacchione G, Gurău F, Baldoni S, Prattichizzo F, Silvestrini A, Giuliani A, Pugnaloni A, Espinosa E, Amenta F, Bonafè M, Procopio AD, Rippo MR, Olivieri F, Sabbatinelli J. Pleiotropic effects of polyphenols on glucose and lipid metabolism: Focus on clinical trials. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101074. [PMID: 32335301 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence from observational studies suggests that dietary polyphenols (PPs) - phytochemicals found in a variety of plant-based foods - can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical trials have also indicated that PPs may help manage the two key features of T2DM, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Since the incidence of T2DM is dramatically increasing worldwide, identifying food-based approaches that can reduce the risk of developing it and help manage its main risk factors in early-stage disease has clinical and socioeconomic relevance. After a brief overview of current epidemiological data on the incidence of T2DM in individuals consuming PP-rich diets, we review the evidence from clinical trials investigating PP-enriched foods and/or PP-based nutraceutical compounds, report their main results, and highlight the knowledge gaps that should be bridged to enhance our understanding of the role of PPs in T2DM development and management.
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Li Y, Li J, Cao P, Liu Y. Sinapine-enriched rapeseed oils reduced fatty liver formation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21248-21258. [PMID: 35518778 PMCID: PMC9054371 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil enrichment with trace amounts of components has significant effects on animal nutrition and health. In this work, the potential impact of sinapine, a trace amount of polyphenol naturally present in rapeseeds, was investigated in high-fat diet (HF)-fed C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed with different diets including chow diet (LF), HF diet, rapeseed oil-containing HF diet (RO), and rapeseed oils enriched with sinapine (500 mg kg-1 oil, high-fat diet, RP) for 12 weeks. Here, it was demonstrated that sinapine supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) body weight increase, fat accumulation, and fatty liver formation in mice when compared with those fed with a high-fat diet. The TG, LDL-C, ALT and AST levels in the RP group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by 15.67%, 73.62%, 20.67%, and 31.58%, respectively, compared with that in the HF group. Besides, the addition of sinapine prevented the degeneration of mouse adipocytes and lipid accumulation in the liver. Moreover, this change was achieved by downregulating SREBP-1c and FAS and upregulating PPAR-α and ACOX1 gene expression levels. Our results indicate that sinapine can be used as a prebiotic to enhance the nutritional function of vegetable oils to prevent obesity-related chronic diseases such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081 +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081 +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Peirang Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081 +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081 +86-510-85876799 +86-510-85329081
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Zhang L, Xu YJ, Li J, Cao P, Liu Y. Evaluation of the functional quality of rapeseed oil obtained by different extraction processes in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Food Funct 2020; 10:6503-6516. [PMID: 31536073 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01592b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional function of vegetable oil is influenced by different oil extraction methods. In this study, the effects of different processing techniques on the quality of rapeseed oil and animal lipid metabolism were evaluated. Results showed that rapeseed oil obtained by the aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) method had the highest polyphenol (152.08 ± 11.44 mg GAE per kg), α-tocopherol (208.97 ± 15.84 mg kg-1), and β-carotene (5.40 mg kg-1) contents and a better oxidation resistance. It was noted in an experiment on rats fed with diets containing rapeseed oils that AEE rapeseed oil reduces total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (ALT) and alanine transaminase (AST) in high-fat diet rats by 27.09%, 11.81%, 35.52%, 31.02% and 27.61%, respectively, and the body and liver weights of rats were decreased. mRNA expression indicated that AEE could significantly down-regulate fatty acid synthase (FAS) and up-regulate acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) gene expression levels (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the AEE method can increase the content of trace active substances in rapeseed oil and ameliorate chronic diseases induced by a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Gu M, Wang R, Li M, Li D, Xie Z. Dietary supplement of Yunkang 10 green tea and treadmill exercise ameliorate high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome of C57BL/6 J mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32042300 PMCID: PMC7001212 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and exercise play important roles in ameliorating metabolic syndrome. Yunkang 10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) is a most cultivated tea variety for making tea in the Southwestern China. Currently, there is no report of healthy effects of Yunkang 10 green tea (YKGT) and treadmill exercise (Ex) on high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and molecular mechanism of YKGT and Ex using high fat diet induced MetS of C57BL/6 mice. Methods Catechins and caffeine in water extract of YKGT were measured via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 10-week old mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obese mice. Then the obese mice were fed with continuous high fat diet (HFD), HFD with YKGT, HFD with Ex, and HFD with both YKGT and Ex for 8 weeks, respectively. The another group of 10-week old mice fed with low fat diet (LFD) were used as control. Results HPLC data revealed that YKGT has abundantly high concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine compared to Longjing 43 (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) green tea. YKGT and Ex significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), insulin, and alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) when compared to HFD group. The fatty liver and hepatic pro-inflammatory gene expression in the YKGT, Ex and YKGT+Ex groups was mitigated significantly compared with HFD group, respectively. The phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α/β (IKKα/β) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α (IkBα) protein in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also decreased in YKGT or YKGT+Ex groups. The combination of YKGT and Ex prevented gene expression for lipid synthesis in the liver tissue, and significantly upregulated mRNA level of glucose transport genes in the skeletal muscles, when compared to the HFD group. Conclusions This study demonstrated that YKGT supplement or exercise appeared to reverse preexisting metabolic syndrome, and effectively relieved the fatty liver and hepatic inflammatory response induced by high fat diet. YKGT supplement and treadmill exercise together had better beneficial effects than only one intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Zhang
- 1Department of Sports Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Gu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruru Wang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Menwan Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
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17
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Chung S, Shin EJ, Choi H, Park JH, Hwang J. Anacardic acid mitigates liver fat accumulation and impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:796-804. [PMID: 32148789 PMCID: PMC7020305 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of anacardic acid (AA), a phenolic lipid found in cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale), on metabolic disorders related to obesity, fatty liver disease, and diabetes using both in vitro and in vivo models. The application of AA led to a reduction in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells without observable cytotoxicity. Results from Western blot analysis revealed that AA treatment also led to decreased expression of fatty acid synthase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the effects of AA treatment on fatty liver disease and diabetes. Mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet had significantly higher body and liver weights, and higher levels of liver fat, cholesterol, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, 12 weeks of oral treatment with 500 μg/kg BW AA slowed down lipid accumulation rates in the liver and mitigated insulin resistance in these mice. Thus, AA may reduce lipid levels and have an antidiabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
| | | | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
| | - Jin‐Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonKorea
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18
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Structural Characteristics and Hypolipidemic Activity of Theabrownins from Dark Tea Fermented by Single Species Eurotium cristatum PW-1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020204. [PMID: 32019226 PMCID: PMC7072556 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies on theabrownins (TBs), the main bioactive polymeric pigments found in dark tea, have received increasing attention for its health effects. Thus far, information on their structural characteristics is unclear. In the present study, theabrownins were isolated from single species Eurotium cristatum PW-1-fermented loose tea and their structural and hypolipidemic characteristics were studied for the first time. The theabrownins were fractionated by their molecular weights and were then analyzed. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and Flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that they were polymerized phenolic substances containing abundant hydroxy and carboxyl groups. All theabrownin samples exhibited hypolipidemic activity in high-fat zebrafish; among which TBs-10-30k sample, decreased lipid level in high-fat zebrafish to 51.57% at 1000 μg/mL, was most effective. It was found that TBs-10-30k was a type of amorphous and thermostable polymer with slice shape and smooth surface under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis showed that it had island-like structure because of aggregation of theabrownin molecules. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) analysis further showed that the main pyrolytic products of TBs-10-30k were hexadecanoic acid (33.72%), phenol (14.90%), and eicosane (12.95%), indicating TBs-10-30k was mainly composed of phenols, lipids, saccharides, and proteins. These results not only facilitate subsequent identification of theabrownins, but also provide insights into the applications of theabrownins in functional foods.
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Concha F, Prado G, Quezada J, Ramirez A, Bravo N, Flores C, Herrera JJ, Lopez N, Uribe D, Duarte-Silva L, Lopez-Legarrea P, Garcia-Diaz DF. Nutritional and non-nutritional agents that stimulate white adipose tissue browning. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:161-171. [PMID: 31020455 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a public health problem present in both developed and developing countries. The white adipose tissue (WAT) is the main deposit of lipids when there is an excess of energy. Its pathological growth is directly linked to the development of obesity and to a wide number of comorbidities, such as insulin-resistance, cardiovascular disease, among others. In this scenario, it becomes imperative to develop new approaches to the treatment and prevention of obesity and its comorbidities. It has been documented that the browning of WAT could be a suitable strategy to tackle the obesity epidemic that is developing worldwide. Currently there is an intense search for bioactive compounds with anti-obesity properties, which present the particular ability to generate thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) or beige. The present study provide recent information of the bioactive nutritional compounds capable of inducing thermogenesis and therefore capable of generate positive effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Concha
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Prado
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Quezada
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Ramirez
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Bravo
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Flores
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J J Herrera
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Lopez
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Uribe
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Duarte-Silva
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Lopez-Legarrea
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Yu WG, He Y, Chen YF, Gao XY, Ning WE, Liu CY, Tang TF, Liu Q, Huang XC. Fumigaclavine C attenuates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:161-169. [PMID: 31080347 PMCID: PMC6488706 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fumigaclavine C (FC), an active indole alkaloid, is obtained from endophytic Aspergillus terreus (strain No. FC118) by the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae). This study is designed to evaluate whether FC has anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether it ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. FC notably increased the levels of glycerol in the culture supernatants and markedly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FC differentially inhibited the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor proteins, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. FC markedly reduced the expressions of lipid synthesis-related genes, such as the fatty acid binding protein, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, FC significantly increased the expressions of lipolysis-related genes, such as the hormone-sensitive lipase, Aquaporin-7, and adipose triglyceride lipase. In HFD-induced obese mice, intraperitoneal injections of FC decreased both the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight. FC administration significantly reduced lipid accumulation. Moreover, FC could dose-dependently and differentially regulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription factors. All these data indicated that FC exhibited anti-obesity effects through modulating adipogenesis and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Guo Yu
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun He
- Gastroenterology Department, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun-Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yao Gao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Wan-E Ning
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-You Liu
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Fan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
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Chen Y, Wang C, Liu H, Liu Q, Kong B. Enhanced physical and oxidative stability of porcine plasma protein hydrolysates based oil-in-water emulsions by adding oxidized chlorogenic acid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Wu X, Xie CQ, Zhu QQ, Wang MY, Sun B, Huang YP, Shen C, An MF, Zhao YL, Wang XJ, Sheng J. Green tea ( Camellia sinensis) aqueous extract alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats and prevents RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1478. [PMID: 30349445 PMCID: PMC6190732 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Green tea (Camelliasinensis [L.] Kuntze) belongs to the plant family Theaceae and is mainly distributed in East Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. This plant has been proven to be beneficial to human health, and green tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water. However, until now, the effect of green tea aqueous extract (GTE) upon postmenopausal osteoporosis has remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of GTE on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and explored the possible mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods Ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were orally administered with GTE at doses of 60, 120, and 370 mg kg−1 for 13 consecutive weeks. The biochemical parameters, bone gla protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, estrogen, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in blood samples were detected, and histological change in bones was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of GTE on osteoclast formation were explored in RAW 264.7 cells induced by receptor activation of the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). Results The results showed that GTE could increase bone mass and inhibit trabecular bone loss in OVX rats. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis from in vitro experiments also showed that GTE reduced the mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes such as cathepsin K (cath-K), c-Fos, matrix metalloproteinase 9, nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. In addition, GTE caused a reduction in the protein levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, c-src and cath-K. Conclusion Evidence from both animal models and in vitro experiments suggested that GTE might effectively ameliorate the symptoms of osteoporosis in OVX rats and inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast-specific gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Fei An
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
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23
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Liu T, Xiang Z, Chen F, Yin D, Huang Y, Xu J, Hu L, Xu H, Wang X, Sheng J. Theabrownin suppresses in vitro osteoclastogenesis and prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1339-1347. [PMID: 30119205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking tea exhibits beneficial effects on bone health and may protect against osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women. Theabrownin (TB) is the main component responsible for the biological activities of Pu-erh tea, but whether it possesses anti-osteoporotic potential remains unknown. Here we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteoporotic effects of TB in the RAW 264.7 cell line and ovariectomized (OVX) rats, respectively. Our in vitro studies showed that TB significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and the expression of related marker proteins, including NFATc1, TRAP, c-Fos, and cathepsin K. In vivo studies showed that TB treatment effectively ameliorated blood biochemical parameters, organ weights and organ coefficients in OVX rats. In addition, TB treatment significantly improved femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties. What's more, TB treatment strikingly ameliorated bone microarchitecture in OVX rats because of increased cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone area in the femur. Our study therefore demonstrated that TB can inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Consequently, TB has a promising potential in postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zemin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China.
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24
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Xu H, Yin D, Liu T, Chen F, Chen Y, Wang X, Sheng J. Tea polysaccharide inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:539-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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25
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Rothenberg DO, Zhou C, Zhang L. A Review on the Weight-Loss Effects of Oxidized Tea Polyphenols. Molecules 2018; 23:E1176. [PMID: 29758009 PMCID: PMC6099746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic systems in the body through which tea causes weight loss are complex and multi-dimensional. Additionally, the bioactive components in tea such as catechins, caffeine, and products of tea polyphenol oxidation vary greatly from one major tea type to the next. Green tea has been the primary subject of consideration for investigation into the preventative health effects of tea because it contains the highest levels of phenolic compounds and retains the highest antioxidant capabilities of any major tea type. However, recent research suggests decreasing body fat accumulation has little to do with antioxidant activity and more to do with enzyme inhibition, and gut microbiota interactions. This paper reviews several different tea polyphenol-induced weight-loss mechanisms, and purposes a way in which these mechanisms may be interrelated. Our original 'short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) hypothesis' suggests that the weight-loss efficacy of a given tea is determined by a combination of carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibition and subsequent reactions of undigested carbohydrates with gut microbiota. These reactions among residual carbohydrates, tea polyphenols, and gut microbiota within the colon produce short-chain fatty acids, which enhance lipid metabolism through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Some evidence suggests the mechanisms involved in SCFA generation may be triggered more strongly by teas that have undergone fermentation (black, oolong, and dark) than by non-fermented (green) teas. We discussed the mechanistic differences among fermented and non-fermented teas in terms of enzyme inhibition, interactions with gut microbiota, SCFA generation, and lipid metabolism. The inconsistent results and possible causes behind them are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caibi Zhou
- Department of Tea Science, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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26
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Gong W, Huang Y, Ji A, Peng W, Liu C, Zeng Y, Yang R, Yan L, Wang X, Sheng J. Optimisation of saponin extraction conditions with Camellia sinensis var. assamica seed and its application for a natural detergent. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2312-2319. [PMID: 28990656 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia sinensis var. assamica seed cake (a by-product of tea-seed oil) is an abundant resource with poor utilisation. C. sinensis var. assamica seed saponin (CSS) is one kind of non-ionic surfactant. In this study, the CSS extraction conditions were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM) and then the CSS detergent was developed. Additionally, the safety and decontamination ability of the developed detergent were evaluated. RESULTS The optimised extraction conditions were including the extracting temperature of 40.04 °C, extraction time of 4.97 h, ethanol concentration of 64.11% and liquid-solid ratio of 14.57:1 mL g-1 . The formula of the CSS detergent was as follows: 20% crude CSS, 0.3% oxidised tea polyphenols (OTPs), 0.2% nisin, 0.3% sodium dehydroacetate, 0.7% sodium alginate and 0.5% sodium polyacrylate. The LD50 of the CSS detergent exceeds 14 g kg-1 in mice, indicating the detergent was non-toxic. Both of the emulsifying and the pesticide residues removal abilities of the CSS detergent were significantly stronger than the commercial detergent. CONCLUSION A natural tea seed saponin detergent with good safety and decontamination ability was successfully developed. This can make better use of the tea seed cake, thereby creating added value in the tea seed oil industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu-er, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Aibing Ji
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu-er, China
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu-er, China
| | - Yin Zeng
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu-er, China
| | | | - Liang Yan
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu-er, China
- College of Tea (Pu-er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu-er, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu-er, China
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27
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Polyphenol- and Caffeine-Rich Postfermented Pu-erh Tea Improves Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome by Remodeling Intestinal Homeostasis in Mice. Infect Immun 2017; 86:IAI.00601-17. [PMID: 29061705 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00601-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postfermented Pu-erh tea (PE) protects against metabolic syndrome (MS), but little is known regarding its underlying mechanisms. Animal experiments were performed to determine whether the gut microbiota mediated the improvement in diet-induced MS by PE and its main active components (PEAC). We confirmed that PE altered the body composition and energy efficiency, attenuated metabolic endotoxemia and systemic and multiple-tissue inflammation, and improved the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice via multiple pathways. Notably, PE promoted the lipid oxidation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in HFD-fed mice. Polyphenols and caffeine (CAF) played critical roles in improving these parameters. Meanwhile, PE remodeled the disrupted intestinal homeostasis that was induced by the HFD. Many metabolic changes observed in the mice were significantly correlated with alterations in specific gut bacteria. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were speculated to be the key gut bacterial links between the PEAC treatment and MS at the genus and species levels. Interestingly, A. muciniphila administration altered body composition and energy efficiency, promoted the browning of WAT, and improved the lipid and glucose metabolism disorder in the HFD-fed mice, whereas F. prausnitzii administration reduced the HFD-induced liver and intestinal inflammatory responses. In summary, polyphenol- and CAF-rich PE improved diet-induced MS, and this effect was associated with a remodeling of the gut microbiota.
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28
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Liu T, Ding S, Yin D, Cuan X, Xie C, Xu H, Wang X, Sheng J. Pu-erh Tea Extract Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats and Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:324. [PMID: 28620304 PMCID: PMC5450042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Tea drinking is associated with positive effects on bone health and may protect against osteoporosis, especially in elderly women. Pu-erh tea has many beneficial effects on human health; however, whether Pu-erh tea has anti-osteoporotic potential remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of Pu-erh tea extract (PTE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats and on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: the sham, model, and Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB) groups, and the low-, medium-, and high-dose PTE groups. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were used as an animal model of osteoporosis. The animals were intragastrically administered distilled water, XLGB, or different concentrations of PTE for 13 weeks. Body weight, blood biochemical indicators, relative organ coefficients, femoral bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, and bone microarchitecture were examined and analyzed. Additionally, the in vitro effects of PTE on osteoclastic activities were investigated using the RAW 264.7 cell line as an osteoclast differentiation model. The effects of PTE on osteoclast differentiation and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins were determined. Results: PTE reduced OVX-induced body weight gain after 6 weeks of treatment, and the high-dose exerted a significant effect. High-dose PTE significantly ameliorated OVX-induced estradiol (E2) deficiency. PTE treatment maintained calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and improved other blood biochemical parameters to various degrees. In addition, PTE treatment improved organ coefficients of the femur, uterus, and vagina and improved femoral BMD and bone biomechanical properties. PTE treatment strikingly ameliorated bone microarchitecture. Moreover, in the in vitro studies, osteoclast differentiation using the differentiation cell model was significantly inhibited by PTE without cytotoxic effects. Additionally, PTE efficaciously suppressed the expression of key osteoclast-specific genes and proteins. Conclusion: PTE can ameliorate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats and suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Shihua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Xiangdan Cuan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Chuanqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanKunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China.,Tea Research Center of YunnanKunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanKunming, China
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