1
|
Norouzzadeh M, Hasan Rashedi M, Shahinfar H, Rahideh ST. Dose-dependent effect of tart cherry on selected cardiometabolic risk factors: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103026. [PMID: 38759306 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of tart cherries on anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic indices. We also aimed to clarify the appropriate dosage for this effect and suggest directions for future studies. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until May 2022. Twelve eligible trials were included. The pooled results were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The Cochrane risk of bias and GRADE tools were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence, respectively. RESULTS Tart cherry generally showed no significant effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. But subgroup analysis revealed that tart cherry significantly lowered total cholesterol (WMD: -0.33 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0.55, -0.10), triglyceride (WMD: -0.19 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0.26, -0.12), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -0.36 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0.58, -0.14), in unhealthy populations. Additionally, subgroup analysis indicated that the favorable effects of tart cherry were more pronounced in a single dose, longer duration, elderly, and obese individuals. Dose-response analysis revealed that 20 ml concentrate has the greatest effect in reducing total cholesterol (WMD: -0.40 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0.61, -0.19), triglyceride (WMD: -0.23 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0.33, -0.13), and elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 0.20 mmol/l; 95 % CI: 0.17, 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Tart cherry supplementation did not have significant effects on anthropometric and glycemic indices, but can improve lipid profile, especially in a single dose, longer duration, and in elderly, obese, and unhealthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Sciences Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Hasan Rashedi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Nutritional Sciences Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefanaki K, Karagiannakis DS, Peppa M, Vryonidou A, Kalantaridou S, Goulis DG, Psaltopoulou T, Paschou SA. Food Cravings and Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Considerations. Nutrients 2024; 16:1049. [PMID: 38613082 PMCID: PMC11013286 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, constitutes a metabolic disorder frequently associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, women with PCOS often suffer from excessive anxiety and depression, elicited by low self-esteem due to obesity, acne, and hirsutism. These mood disorders are commonly associated with food cravings and binge eating. Hypothalamic signaling regulates appetite and satiety, deteriorating excessive food consumption. However, the hypothalamic function is incapable of compensating for surplus food in women with PCOS, leading to the aggravation of obesity and a vicious circle. Hyperandrogenism, IR, the reduced secretion of cholecystokinin postprandially, and leptin resistance defined by leptin receptors' knockout in the hypothalamus have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypothalamic dysfunction and appetite dysregulation. Diet modifications, exercise, and psychological and medical interventions have been applied to alleviate food disorders, interrupting the vicious circle. Cognitive-behavioral intervention seems to be the mainstay of treatment, while the role of medical agents, such as GLP-1 analogs and naltrexone/bupropion, has emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Stefanaki
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (T.P.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Dimitrios S. Karagiannakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andromachi Vryonidou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (T.P.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (T.P.); (S.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wakayama R, Drewnowski A, Horimoto T, Saito Y, Yu T, Suzuki T, Takasugi S. Development and Validation of the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System (Meiji NPS) to Address Dietary Needs of Adults and Older Adults in Japan. Nutrients 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38612970 PMCID: PMC11013258 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System (Meiji NPS), which was specifically designed to respond to age-related shifts in nutrient requirements among Japanese adults (<65 years old) and older adults (≥65 years old). Japan has one of the most aged societies in the world. The health issues of interest are malnutrition and lifestyle-related diseases among adults and frailty among older adults. Two versions of the NPS were developed based on nutrients to encourage (protein, dietary fibers, calcium, iron, and vitamin D), food groups to encourage (fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and dairy), and nutrients to limit (energy, saturated fatty acids, sugars, and salt equivalents). The Meiji NPS for older adults did not include iron or saturated fatty acids. The algorithms were based on the Nutrient-Rich Foods Index (NRF). The convergent validity between the Meiji NPS and the existing NPSs for the same foods was confirmed using Spearman's correlation coefficients (NRF: r = 0.67 for adults and r = 0.60 for older adults; Health Star Rating: r = 0.64 for adults and r = 0.61 for older adults). The Meiji NPS may be useful for nutritional evaluation and reformulation of food products, tailored to adults and older adults to ameliorate health issues in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Wakayama
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Tomohito Horimoto
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Yoshie Saito
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Tao Yu
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Institute for Gerontology, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa, Machida, Tokyo 194-0294, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takasugi
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao M, Wang B, Li L, Zhao W. Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Fibers Extracted from Flaxseed Cake in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071718. [PMID: 37049557 PMCID: PMC10097256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to characterize the functional properties of flaxseed, knowledge concerning the properties of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers in flaxseed is still limited. Here, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers were extracted from flaxseed cake—a valuable resource that has not been fully exploited. Subsequently, their monosaccharide compositions, structural properties, and anti-obesity effects in male mice were characterized. The anti-obesity effects of flaxseed cake insoluble dietary fiber (FIDF), flaxseed cake soluble dietary fiber (FSDF), and FIDF combined with FSDF in diet-induced obese mice were investigated in our study. Supplementation with FSDF alone or FIDF and FSDF together lowered the fat accumulation, improved the serum lipid profile, increased the basal metabolism, and improved the gut microbiota of obese mice. Supplementation with FIDF and FSDF together significantly enriched the abundance of g_Akkermansia and g_Bifidobacterium, which are negatively associated with obesity. Supplementation with FIDF alone improved the liver lipid profile, raised the basal metabolism, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acid levels in the guts of the mice. In conclusion, our results collectively support the therapeutic potential of FIDF and FSDF in obesity treatment and indicate that FIDF and FSDF play different roles in the process of obesity treatment. Furthermore, our results provide critical information for flaxseed cake resource exploitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anti-Obesity Effects of Formulated Biscuits Supplemented with Date's Fiber; Agro-Waste Products Used as a Potent Functional Food. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245315. [PMID: 36558474 PMCID: PMC9783991 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Superabundant date fruit production in Al-Qassim in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), a plentiful region for producing date syrup resulting in massive amounts of date fiber (DF), causes environmental issues with what is considered dietary waste. However, no food producer or researcher has thought of the valorization of DF by extracting the crude polysaccharides that can be converted to nanoparticles (flours) to increase its functional group and enhance its functionality. Using the DF was the primary goal, with the new biscuits used within the current study investigated as a potent integrated approach for controlling obesity levels and its effects. Obesity is one of the most important human problems worldwide, connected to many metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence has recently increased among Saudi children and adolescents. An investigation of the biological effects of the formulated products was carried out by feeding the formulated biscuits with different DF levels (5, 10 and 15%) to obese albino rats, in addition to positive and negative control groups, to evaluate the effect of a reduced calorie product on controlling their body weight and health stats (lipid profile, blood sugars, kidney and liver functions). The collected data showed that the most positive results were obtained from rats fed diets supplemented with 10% DF biscuits. All TCHO, TrGs, HDL, and HDL were decreased to the best levels in this group compared to the positive control group (148.23, 145.30, 37.50, and 81.67 vs. 238.37, 199.07, 62.57, and 135.99, respectively). To conclude, DF supplementation presented anti-obesity properties in animal models; however, more epidemiological trials are needed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dietary carbohydrates: a trade-off between appealing organoleptic and physicochemical properties and ability to control glucose release and weight management. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Effects of protein intake from an energy-restricted diet on the skeletal muscle composition of overweight and obese rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20396. [PMID: 36437293 PMCID: PMC9701787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess weight and obesity are often associated with ectopic adipose tissue accumulation in skeletal muscles. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) impairs muscle quality and reduces insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Although energy restriction and high protein intake can decrease IMAT, the effects and mechanisms of protein intake from an energy-restricted diet on protein and fat masses in skeletal muscle have received little attention. After establishing a diet-induced overweight and obese Sprague-Dawley rat model (half male and half female), rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC; normal weight, general maintenance diet), model control (MC; overweight and obesity, high-fat diet), energy-restricted low protein (LP; overweight and obesity, 60% energy intake of NC, general maintenance diet), energy-restricted normal protein (NP; overweight and obesity, 60% energy intake of NC, high-protein diet 1), and energy-restricted high protein (HP; overweight and obesity, 60% energy intake of NC, high-protein diet 2). After 8 weeks, plasma and skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius) samples were collected. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, and hormones were analyzed, while contents of protein, fat, and factors associated with their synthesis and degradation were evaluated in skeletal muscles. Plasma concentrations of hormones contrasted protein and fat contents in skeletal muscles. Fat weights and contents of quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in the NP group were significantly lower compared with LP and HP groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, concentrations of factors associated with the degradation of muscle fat were significantly higher in the NP group compared with LP and HP groups (P < 0.05). During energy restriction, protein intake equal to that of a normal protein diet increased lipolysis of quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in rats of both sexes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Short-Term Effect of Additional Daily Dietary Fibre Intake on Appetite, Satiety, Gastrointestinal Comfort, Acceptability, and Feasibility. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194214. [PMID: 36235865 PMCID: PMC9572413 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is evidence that high-fibre diets have significant health benefits, although the effect of increasing fibre on individuals’ appetite, satiety, and gastrointestinal comfort is not well established, nor is its acceptability and feasibility. Methods: This mixed-methods feasibility randomised control trial included 38 participants allocated to one of three conditions: FibreMAX (two daily servings of 25 g of BARLEYmax®), FibreGRAD (two daily servings with the amount of fibre gradually increased), and Control (two daily servings totalling 25 g of placebo product). Participants completed a food diary at baseline. The Hunger and Fullness Questionnaire and questions regarding gastrointestinal response were completed at baseline and at the end of each week. Participants completed the acceptability of intervention measure and engaged in a semi-structured interview, following trial completion. Results: The qualitative data suggested that increased fibre influenced appetite and fullness perceptions. Baseline fibre consumption and the method of increased fibre increase did not influence our findings. The qualitative results also indicated that the fibre intake was perceived as beneficial to well-being; it influenced feelings of hunger and caused some minor acute gastrointestinal symptoms that dissipated after a short adaption period. Conclusion: This study suggests that increasing fibre intake through BARLEYmax® is a safe intervention that is acceptable to participants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Beneficial Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Controlling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193985. [PMID: 36235638 PMCID: PMC9572805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has consistently been associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the development of several types of cancer. In recent decades, unfortunately, the rate of overweight/obesity has increased significantly among adults and children. A growing body of evidence shows that there is a relationship between metabolic disorders such as obesity and the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, inflammation is considered to be a driving force in the obesity–gut microbiota connection. Therefore, it seems that anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and/or diets can play an essential role in the management of obesity by affecting the intestinal flora and controlling inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the links between the gut microbiota, obesity, and inflammation, and summarize the benefits of anti-inflammatory diets in preventing obesity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahmudiono T, Jasim SA, Karim YS, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Akhmedov KS, Yasin G, Thangavelu L, Mustafa YF, Shoukat S, Najm MAA, Amraei M. The effect of flaxseed oil consumtion on blood pressure among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3766-3773. [PMID: 35859037 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to elucidate the overall effects of flaxseed oil consumption on blood pressure (BP) in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched until March 31, 2020, to find RCTs that examined the effect of flaxseed oil consumption on BP. Weighed mean difference (WMD) was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. Meta-analysis of five trials (6 arms) showed significant reductions in systolic (WMD: -3.86 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.59 to -0.13, p = .04) BP (SBP) after flaxseed oil consumption. However, the overall effect illustrated no significant change in diastolic (WMD: -1.71 mmHg, 95% CI: -3.67 to 0.26, p = .09) BP (DBP) in the intervention group compared with the control group. Our findings revealed that flaxseed oil consumption has favorable effects on SBP in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. However, further investigations are needed to provide more reliable evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Al-maarif University College, Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Yasir Salam Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq.,Department of Pharmacy, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kholmurod S Akhmedov
- Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases No.3, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Shehla Shoukat
- Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural research centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mazin A A Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Amraei
- Kuhdasht Health Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tondt J, Bays HE. Concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100017. [PMID: 37990714 PMCID: PMC10661915 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the body weight effects of concomitant medications (i.e., pharmacotherapies not specifically for the treatment of obesity) and functional foods, as well as adverse side effects of supplements sometimes used by patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines clinically relevant aspects of concomitant medications, functional foods, and many of the more common supplements as they relate to pre-obesity and obesity. Topics include a discussion of medications that may be associated with weight gain or loss, functional foods as they relate to obesity, and side effects of supplements (i.e., with a focus on supplements taken for weight loss). Special attention is given to the warnings and lack of regulation surrounding weight loss supplements. Conclusions This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity. Implementation of appropriate practices in these areas may improve the health of patients, especially those with adverse fat mass and adiposopathic metabolic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Walsh SK, Lucey A, Walter J, Zannini E, Arendt EK. Resistant starch-An accessible fiber ingredient acceptable to the Western palate. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2930-2955. [PMID: 35478262 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber intakes in Western societies are concerningly low and do not reflect global recommended dietary fiber intakes for chronic disease prevention. Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable dietary fiber that has attracted research interest. As an isolated ingredient, its fine particle size, relatively bland flavor, and white appearance may offer an appealing fiber source to the Western palate, accustomed to highly refined, processed grains. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the current knowledge (classification, production methods, and characterization methods), health benefits, applications, and acceptability of RS. It further discusses the present market for commercially available RS ingredients and products containing ingredients high in RS. The literature currently highlights beneficial effects for dietary RS supplementation with respect to glucose metabolism, satiety, blood lipid profiles, and colonic health. An exploration of the market for commercial RS ingredients indicates a diverse range of products (from isolated RS2, RS3, and RS4) with numerous potential applications as partial or whole substitutes for traditional flour sources. They may increase the nutritional profile of a food product (e.g., by increasing the fiber content and lowering energy values) without significantly compromising its sensory and functional properties. Incorporating RS ingredients into staple food products (such as bread, pasta, and sweet baked goods) may thus offer an array of nutritional benefits to the consumer and a highly accessible functional ingredient to be greater exploited by the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kate Walsh
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice Lucey
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Zannini
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Waddell IS, Orfila C. Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8752-8767. [PMID: 35471164 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a mostly preventable diet-related disease and currently a major challenge for human populations worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and certain cancers. Dietary fiber is a complex mixture of non-digestible molecules, mostly polysaccharides. Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated statistically significant reductions in risks of obesity, T2DM, CVD, colorectal cancer, and pre-menopausal breast cancer with higher dietary fiber intakes. Various direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed including altered digestion and absorption, stimulation of gut hormones including glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), reduced appetite, and altered metabolism of bile and cholesterol. These may act via pathways involving G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and aromatase enzymes. Ultimately, fiber intake contributes to improving glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, lowering risk of T2DM, CVD and certain cancers. Therefore, diets rich in dietary fiber should be encouraged to prevent obesity and associated chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Skye Waddell
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6852276. [PMID: 35388304 PMCID: PMC8977300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6852276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and over bodyweight is emerging as a major health concern. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with multiple pathophysiological clinical conditions as comorbidities are associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, some cancers, and inflammation-based clinical conditions. In obese individuals, adipocyte cells increased the expression of leptin, angiotensin, adipocytokines, plasminogen activators, and C-reactive protein. Currently, options for treatment and lifestyle behaviors interventions are limited, and keeping a healthy lifestyle is challenging. Various types of phytochemicals have been investigated for antiobesity potential. Here, we discuss pathophysiology and signaling pathways in obesity, epigenetic regulations, regulatory mechanism, functional ingredients in natural antiobesity products, and therapeutic application of phytochemicals in obesity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dreher ML, Cheng FW, Ford NA. A Comprehensive Review of Hass Avocado Clinical Trials, Observational Studies, and Biological Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124376. [PMID: 34959933 PMCID: PMC8705026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This first comprehensive review of fresh Hass avocados includes 19 clinical trials, five observational studies, and biological mechanisms. We identified four primary avocado health effects: (1) reducing cardiovascular disease risk in healthy overweight or obese adults with dyslipidemia by lowering non-HDL-C profiles, triglycerides, LDL oxidation, small atherogenic LDL particles and promoting postprandial vascular endothelial health for better peripheral blood flow; (2) lowering the risk of being overweight or obese, supporting weight loss, and reducing visceral fat tissue in overweight or obese women; (3) improving cognitive function in older normal-weight adults and in young to middle age overweight or obese adults especially in frontal cortex executive function; and (4) stimulating improved colonic microbiota health in overweight or obese adults by promoting healthier microflora and fecal metabolites. We also identified a unique combination of four Hass avocado nutritional features that appear to be primarily responsible for these health effects: (1) a 6 to 1 unsaturated (rich in oleic acid) to saturated fat ratio similar to olive oil; (2) a source of multifunctional prebiotic and viscous fiber; (3) a relatively low energy density of 1.6 kcal/g (79% of edible Hass avocado weight consists of water and fiber with a creamy, smooth texture); and (4) its oleic acid and water emulsion increases carotenoid absorption from low-fat fruits and vegetables (e.g., salsa or salad) when consumed with avocados. They are also a good source of micronutrients and polyphenols, and are very low in sodium and available carbohydrates supporting secondary health and wellness benefits. Hass avocado health effects are best demonstrated when consumed in a healthy dietary plan such as the Mediterranean diet. More extensive and longer clinical trials are needed to further enhance our understanding of the Hass avocado’s health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, 900 S Rainbow Ranch Rd., Wimberley, TX 78676, USA;
| | - Feon W. Cheng
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA;
| | - Nikki A. Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-341-3250
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mathews R, Shete V, Chu Y. The effect of cereal Β-glucan on body weight and adiposity: A review of efficacy and mechanism of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34727805 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1994523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current review examines the totality of the evidence to determine if there exists a relationship between β-glucan and body weight and adiposity and whether such a relationship is a consistent, causal and plausible one. Observational studies suggest an association between oat (i.e., β-glucan) intake and reduced body weight, waist circumference and adiposity. High and moderate quality randomized controlled trials that were specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy of β-glucan on anthropometric outcomes were given the highest weight. Several of these studies indicated a causal relationship between β-glucan consumption and reduction in body weight, BMI, and at least one measure of body fat within diets that were not calorie-restricted. A review of additional animal and human evidence suggests multiple plausible mechanisms by which β-glucan may impact satiety perception, gastric emptying, gut hormones, gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in the complex interplay of appetite and energy regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Varsha Shete
- Health & Nutrition Sciences, Global R&D, PepsiCo, Inc. Barrington, Illinois, USA
| | - YiFang Chu
- Health & Nutrition Sciences, Global R&D, PepsiCo, Inc. Barrington, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|