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Sun C, Wang L, Huang H, Zheng Z, Xu X, Wang H, Chen K, Li X, Lai Y, Zhang H, Chu M, Zheng J. Mitigation of gestational diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction through FGF21-NRF2 pathway activation involving L-Cystine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167329. [PMID: 38960053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) disrupts glucolipid metabolism, endangering maternal and fetal health. Despite limited research on its pathogenesis and treatments, we conducted a study using serum samples from GDM-diagnosed pregnant women. We performed metabolic sequencing to identify key small molecule metabolites and explored their molecular interactions with FGF21. We also investigated FGF21's impact on GDM using blood samples from affected women. Our analysis revealed a novel finding: elevated levels of L-Cystine in GDM patients. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between L-Cystine and FGF21 levels, and found that L-Cystine induces NRF2 expression via FGF21 for a period of 96 h. Under high glucose (HG) conditions, FGF21 upregulates NRF2 and downstream genes NQO1 and EPHX1 via AKT phosphorylation induced by activation of IRS1, enhancing endothelial function. Additionally, we confirmed that levels of FGF21, L-Cystine, and endothelial function at the third trimester were effectively enhanced through appropriate exercise and diet during pregnancy in GDM patients (GDM + ED). These findings suggest FGF21 as a potential therapeutic agent for GDM, particularly in protecting endothelial cells. Moreover, elevated L-Cystine via appropriate exercise and diet might be a potential strategy to enhance FGF21's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiya Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanan Lai
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, Province, China.
| | - Jianqiong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China.
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Lin CA, Hayashi N, Badenhorst CE, Goto K. Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation on Iron Regulation after Endurance Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:4924. [PMID: 38068782 PMCID: PMC10708027 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pre-exercise amino acid (AA) supplementation on post-exercise iron regulation. Ten healthy males participated under two different sets of conditions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with a washout period of at least 21 days. Participants received either an AA supplement or placebo (PLA) for five consecutive days (4 g/dose, 3 doses/day). On the sixth day, participants ran on a treadmill for 60 min at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max). Venous blood samples were collected before (baseline), immediately after, and 1 and 3 h after exercise. The serum hepcidin levels increased significantly 3 h post-exercise in both trials when compared to the baseline (p < 0.001), but the levels were not different between trials. The plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) level significantly increased immediately after exercise compared to the baseline (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in the AA trial than in the PLA trial (p = 0.014). Moreover, the exercise-induced increase in serum glycerol level was significantly higher in the AA trial (21.20 ± 3.98 mg/L) than in the PLA trial (17.28 ± 4.47 mg/L, p = 0.017). No significant differences were observed between the AA and PLA trials for serum iron, ferritin, and total ketone body levels (p > 0.05). In conclusion, five days of AA supplementation augmented exercise-induced increases in IL-6 and glycerol in healthy males. However, it did not affect post-exercise iron status or regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-An Lin
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Nanako Hayashi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan;
| | - Claire E. Badenhorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand;
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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