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Sørensen KK, Andersen MP, Møller FT, Eves C, Junker TG, Zareini B, Torp-Pedersen C. Cohort profile: The Health, Food, Purchases and Lifestyle (SMIL) cohort - a Danish open cohort. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078773. [PMID: 38508644 PMCID: PMC10961505 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Health, Food, Purchases and Lifestyle (SMIL) cohort is a prospective open Danish cohort that collects electronic consumer purchase data, which can be linked to Danish nationwide administrative health and social registries. This paper provides an overview of the cohort's baseline characteristics and marginal differences in the monetary percentage spent on food groups by sex, age and hour of the day. PARTICIPANTS As of 31 December 2022, the cohort included 11 214 users of a smartphone-based receipt collection application who consented to share their unique identification number for linkage to registries in Denmark. In 2022, the composition of the cohort was as follows: 62% were men while 24% were aged 45-55. The cohort had a median of 63 (IQR 26-116) unique shopping trips. The cohort included participants with a range of health statuses. Notably, 21% of participants had a history of cardiovascular disease and 8% had diabetes before donating receipts. FINDINGS TO DATE The feasibility of translating consumer purchase data to operationalisable food groups and merging with registers has been demonstrated. We further demonstrated differences in marginal distributions which revealed disparities in the amount of money spent on various food groups by sex and age, as well as systematic variations by the hour of the day. For example, men under 30 spent 8.2% of their total reported expenditure on sugary drinks, while women under 30 spent 6.5%, men over 30 spent 4.3% and women over 30 spent 3.9%. FUTURE PLANS The SMIL cohort is characterised by its dynamic, continuously updated database, offering an opportunity to explore the relationship between diet and disease without the limitations of self-reported data. Currently encompassing data from 2018 to 2022, data collection is set to continue. We expect data collection to continue for many years and we are taking several initiatives to increase the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederik Trier Møller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Eves
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Grønborg Junker
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bochra Zareini
- Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Charreire H, Conti B, Bauchard L, Cissé NA, Perignon M, Rollet P, Perrin C, Blanchard S, Roda C, Feuillet T, Madelin M, Dupuis V, Evrard AS, Hellequin AP, Coll I, Larrue C, Baudet-Michel S, Vernouillet G, Ntsame-Abegue F, Fabre I, Méjean C, Oppert JM. A natural experiment to assess how urban interventions in lower socioeconomic areas influence health behaviors: the UrbASanté study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:498. [PMID: 36922807 PMCID: PMC10015725 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying the associations between changes in the urban environment and changes in health-related outcomes are complex and their study requires specific approaches. We describe the protocol of the interdisciplinary UrbASanté study, which aims to explore how urban interventions can modify environmental exposures (built, social, and food environments; air quality; noise), health-related behaviors, and self-reported health using a natural experiment approach. METHODS The study is based on a natural experiment design using a before/after protocol with a control group to assess changes in environmental exposures, health-risk behaviors, and self-reported health outcomes of a resident adult population before and after the implementation of a time series of urban interventions in four contiguous neighborhoods in Paris (France). The changes in environmental exposures, health-related behaviors, and self-reported health outcomes of a resident adult population will be concurrently monitored in both intervention and control areas. We will develop a mixed-method framework combining substantial fieldwork with quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches. This study will make use of (i) data relating to exposures and health-related outcomes among all participants and in subsamples and (ii) interviews with residents regarding their perceptions of their neighborhoods and with key stakeholders regarding the urban change processing, and (iii) existing geodatabases and field observations to characterize the built, social, and food environments. The data collected will be analyzed with a focus on interrelationships between environmental exposures and health-related outcomes using appropriate approaches (e.g., interrupted time series, difference-in-differences method). DISCUSSION Relying on a natural experiment approach, the research will provide new insights regarding issues such as close collaboration with urban/local stakeholders, recruitment and follow-up of participants, identification of control and intervention areas, timing of the planned urban interventions, and comparison of subjective and objective measurements. Through the collaborative work of a consortium ensuring complementarity between researchers from different disciplines and stakeholders, the UrbASanté study will provide evidence-based guidance for designing future urban planning and public health policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION This research was registered at the ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05743257).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Charreire
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Université Paris Est-Créteil, LabUrba, Créteil, France.
| | - Benoit Conti
- LVMT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ponts, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Lucile Bauchard
- LVMT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ponts, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Ndèye Aïta Cissé
- LVMT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ponts, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Marlène Perignon
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascaline Rollet
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Coline Perrin
- Innovation, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Céline Roda
- Université Paris Cité, Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne-Sophie Evrard
- Université Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon 1, Umrestte, UMR-T9405, Bron, France
| | | | - Isabelle Coll
- Université Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, Créteil, 94010, France
| | | | | | - Gabrielle Vernouillet
- Direction de la Santé Publique, Service Parisien Santé Environnement, Ville de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fernande Ntsame-Abegue
- Direction de la Voirie et des Déplacements, Agence de la mobilité, Ville de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Méjean
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, 93017, France
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