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Xiao W, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wu W. Recombinant DTβ4-inspired porous 3D vascular graft enhanced antithrombogenicity and recruited circulating CD93 +/CD34 + cells for endothelialization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1958. [PMID: 35857526 PMCID: PMC9278867 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Matching material degradation with host remodeling, including endothelialization and muscular remodeling, is important to vascular regeneration. We fabricated 3D PGS-PCL vascular grafts, which presented tunable polymer components, porosity, mechanical strength, and degrading rate. Furthermore, highly porous structures enabled 3D patterning of conjugated heparin-binding peptide, dimeric thymosin β4 (DTβ4), which played key roles in antiplatelets, fibrinogenesis inhibition, and recruiting circulating progenitor cells, thereafter contributed to high patency rate, and unprecedentedly acquired carotid arterial regeneration in rabbit model. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and cell tracing studies, a subset of endothelial progenitor cells, myeloid-derived CD93+/CD34+ cells, was identified as the main contributor to final endothelium regeneration. To conclude, DTβ4-inspired porous 3DVGs present adjustable physical properties, superior anticoagulating, and re-endothelializing potentials, which leads to the regeneration of small-caliber artery, thus offering a promising tool for vessel replacement in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xiao
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinggang Wang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinchi Zhang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siqian Zhang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:379-384. [PMID: 32500160 PMCID: PMC7272315 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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CX3CL1/CX3CR1-signalling in the CD9/S100β/SOX2-positive adult pituitary stem/progenitor cells modulates differentiation into endothelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:385-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bachelier K, Bergholz C, Friedrich EB. Differentiation potential and functional properties of a CD34‑CD133+ subpopulation of endothelial progenitor cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:501-507. [PMID: 31746407 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote angiogenesis and play an important role in myocardial and vascular repair after ischemia and infarction. EPCs consist of different subpopulations including CD34‑CD133+ EPCs, which are precursors of more mature CD34+CD133+ EPCs and functionally more active in terms of homing and endothelial regeneration. In the present study we analyzed the functional and differentiation abilities of CD34‑CD133+ EPCs. Isolation of EPC populations (CD34+CD133+, CD34‑CD133+) were performed by specific multi‑step magnetic depletion. After specific stimulation a significant higher adhesive and migrative capacity of CD34‑CD133+ cells could be detected compared to CD34+CD133+ cells (P<0.001, respectively). Next to this finding, not only significantly higher rates of proliferation (P<0.005) were detected among CD34‑CD133+ cells, but also a higher potential of cell‑differentiation capacity into other cell types. Next to a significant increase of CD34‑CD133+ EPCs differentiating into a fibroblast cell‑type (P<0.001), an enhancement into a hepatocytic cell‑type (P=0.033) and a neural cell‑type (P=0.016) could be measured in contrast to CD34+CD133+ cells. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in differentiation into a cardiomyocyte cell‑type between these EPC subpopulations (P=0.053). These results demonstrate that EPC subpopulations vary in their functional abilities and, to different degrees, have the capacity to transdifferentiate into unrelated cell‑types such as fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and neurocytes. This indicates that CD34‑CD133+ cells are more pluripotent compared to the CD34+CD133+ EPC subset, which may have important consequences for the therapy of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bachelier
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University of The Saarland, D‑66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Carolin Bergholz
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University of The Saarland, D‑66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erik B Friedrich
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University of The Saarland, D‑66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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5
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Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Nosaka M, Furuta M, Kimura A, Taruya A, Yamamoto H, Shimada E, Akiyama M, Mukaida N, Kondo T. CCL2-Mediated Reversal of Impaired Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice by Normalization of Neovascularization and Collagen Accumulation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2517-2527.e5. [PMID: 31247201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes frequently present with complications such as impaired skin wound healing. Skin wound sites display a markedly enhanced expression of CCL2, a potent macrophage chemoattractant, together with macrophage infiltration during the early inflammatory phase in skin wound healing of healthy individuals, but the association of CCL2 with delayed skin wound healing in patients with diabetes remains elusive. In this study, we showed that, compared with control mice, mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes displayed impaired healing after excisional skin injury, with decreased neovascularization, CCL2 expression, and macrophage infiltration. Compromised skin wound healing in mice with diabetes was reversed by the administration of topical CCL2 immediately after the injury, as evidenced by normalization of wound closure rates, neovascularization, collagen accumulation, and infiltration of macrophages expressing vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent angiogenic factor, and transforming growth factor-β. CCL2 treatment further increased the accumulation of endothelial progenitor cells at the wound sites of mice with diabetes and eventually accelerated neovascularization. Thus, the topical application of CCL2 can be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with diabetes with defective wound repair, promoting neovascularization and collagen accumulation at skin wound sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Machi Furuta
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Taruya
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Emi Shimada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mariko Akiyama
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan.
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Emontzpohl C, Simons D, Kraemer S, Goetzenich A, Marx G, Bernhagen J, Stoppe C. Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287533 DOI: 10.3791/55192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited from the bone marrow under pathological conditions like hypoxia and are crucially involved in the neovascularization of ischemic tissues. The origin, classification and characterization of EPCs are complex; notwithstanding, two prominent sub-types of EPCs have been established: so-called "early" EPCs (subsequently referred to as early-EPCs) and late-outgrowth EPCs (late-EPCs). They can be classified by biological properties as well as by their appearance during in vitro culture. While "early" EPCs appear in less than a week after culture of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells in EC-specific media, late-outgrowth EPCs can be found after 2-3 weeks. Late-outgrowth EPCs have been recognized to be directly involved in neovascularization, mainly through their ability to differentiate into mature endothelial cells, whereas "early" EPCs express various angiogenic factors as endogenous cargo to promote angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. During myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), various factors control the homing of EPCs to regions of blood vessel formation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a chemokine-like pro-inflammatory and ubiquitously expressed cytokine and was recently described to function as key regulator of EPCs migration at physiological concentrations1. Interestingly, MIF is stored in intracellular pools and can rapidly be released into the blood stream after several stimuli (e.g. myocardial infarction). This protocol describes a method for the reliable isolation and culture of early-EPCs from adult human peripheral blood based on CD34-positive selection with subsequent culture in medium containing endothelial growth factors on fibronectin-coated plates for use in in vitro migration assays against serum samples of cardiac surgical patients. Furthermore, the migratory influence of MIF on chemotaxis of EPCs compared to other well-known angiogenesis-stimulating cytokines is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Aachen
| | - David Simons
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Aachen
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Aachen
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufkrankheiten (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen;
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Berry E, Liu Y, Chen L, Guo AM. Eicosanoids: Emerging contributors in stem cell-mediated wound healing. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 132:17-24. [PMID: 27825971 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid products primarily derived from the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA). The individual contributions of eicosanoids and stem cells to wound healing have been of great interest. This review focuses on how stem cells work in concert with eicosanoids to create a beneficial environment in the wound bed and in the promotion of wound healing. Stem cells contribute to wound healing through modulating inflammation, differentiating into skin cells or endothelial cells, and exerting paracrine effects by releasing various potent growth factors. Eicosanoids have been shown to stimulate proliferation, migration, homing, and differentiation of stem cells, all of which contribute to the process of wound healing. Increasing evidence has shown that eicosanoids improve wound healing through increasing stem cell densities, stimulating differentiation, and enhancing the angiogenic properties of stem cells. Chronic wounds have become a major problem in health care. Therefore, research regarding the effects of stem cells and eicosanoids in the promotion wound healing is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 United States
| | - Yanzhou Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Austin M Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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Endothelial progenitor cells promote tumor growth and progression by enhancing new vessel formation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:793-799. [PMID: 27446353 PMCID: PMC4950911 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and progression require new blood vessel formation to deliver nutrients and oxygen for further cell proliferation and to create a neovascular network exit for tumor cell metastasis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cell population that circulates in the peripheral circulation and homes to the tumor bed to participate in new blood vessel formation. In addition to structural support to nascent vessels, these cells can also regulate the angiogenic process by paracrine secretion of a number of proangiogenic growth factors and cytokines, thus playing a crucial role in tumor neovascularization and development. Inhibition of EPC-mediated new vessel formation may be a promising therapeutic strategy in tumor treatment. EPC-mediated neovascularization is a complex process that includes multiple steps and requires a series of cytokines and modulators, thus understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide anti-neovasculogenesis targets that may be blocked for the prevention of tumor development. The present review stresses the process and contribution of EPCs to the formation of new blood vessels in solid tumors, in an attempt to gain an improved understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, and to provide a potential effective therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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The role of 20-HETE in cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:108-17. [PMID: 27287720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in mammals by enzymes of the CYP4A and 4F families to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) which plays an important role in the regulation of renal function, vascular tone and arterial pressure. In the vasculature, 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor, the up-regulation of which contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance in models of obesity, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and vascular oxidative stress. Recent studies have established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenic conditions. We discuss in this review the synthesis of 20-HETE and how it and various autacoids, especially the renin-angiotensin system, interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these actions and the clinical implication of inhibiting 20-HETE production and activity.
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Huang YH, Sharifpanah F, Becker S, Wartenberg M, Sauer H. Impact of Arachidonic Acid and the Leukotriene Signaling Pathway on Vasculogenesis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:319-32. [DOI: 10.1159/000445680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into various kinds of cells, such as endothelial and hematopoietic cells. In addition, some evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes (LTs), which include the 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) family, can regulate endothelial cell differentiation. In the present study, the eicosanoid precursor arachidonic acid (AA) stimulated vasculogenesis of ES cells by increasing the number of fetal liver kinase-1+ vascular progenitor cells as well as vascular structures positive for platelet endothelial cell adhesion protein-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. The stimulation of vasculogenesis and expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in the LT signaling pathway, 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP), was blunted upon treatment with the FLAP inhibitors AM643 and REV5901. Vasculogenesis was significantly restored upon exogenous addition of LTs. Downstream of FLAP, the LTB4 receptor (BLT1) blocker U75302, the BLT2 receptor blocker LY255283 as well as the cysteinyl LT blocker BAY-u9773 inhibited vasculogenesis of ES cells. AA treatment of differentiating ES cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was not affected upon either FLAP or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Prevention of ROS generation by either the free radical scavengers vitamin E and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 downregulated vasculogenesis of ES cells and blunted the provasculogenic effect of AA. In summary, our data demonstrate that proinflammatory AA stimulates vasculogenesis of ES cells via the LT pathway by mechanisms involving ROS generation.
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Zhang H, Faber JE. De-novo collateral formation following acute myocardial infarction: Dependence on CCR2⁺ bone marrow cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:4-16. [PMID: 26254180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wide variation exists in the extent (number and diameter) of native pre-existing collaterals in tissues of different strains of mice, with supportive indirect evidence recently appearing for humans. This variation is a major determinant of the wide variation in severity of tissue injury in occlusive vascular disease. Whether such genetic-dependent variation also exists in the heart is unknown because no model exists for study of mouse coronary collaterals. Also owing to methodological limitations, it is not known if ischemia can induce new coronary collaterals to form ("neo-collaterals") versus remodeling of pre-existing ones. The present study sought to develop a model to study coronary collaterals in mice, determine whether neo-collateral formation occurs, and investigate the responsible mechanisms. Four strains with known rank-ordered differences in collateral extent in brain and skeletal muscle were studied: C57BLKS>C57BL/6>A/J>BALB/c. Unexpectedly, these and 5 additional strains lacked native coronary collaterals. However after ligation, neo-collaterals formed rapidly within 1-to-2 days, reaching their maximum extent in ≤7 days. Rank-order for neo-collateral formation differed from the above: C57BL/6>BALB/c>C57BLKS>A/J. Collateral network conductance, infarct volume(-1), and contractile function followed this same rank-order. Neo-collateral formation and collateral conductance were reduced and infarct volume increased in MCP1(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice. Bone-marrow transplant rescued collateral formation in CCR2(-/-) mice. Involvement of fractalkine➔CX3CR1 signaling and endothelial cell proliferation were also identified. This study introduces a model for investigating the coronary collateral circulation in mice, demonstrates that neo-collaterals form rapidly after coronary occlusion, and finds that MCP➔CCR2-mediated recruitment of myeloid cells is required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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Szukiewicz D, Kochanowski J, Mittal TK, Pyzlak M, Szewczyk G, Cendrowski K. CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and TNFα production by perfused human placental lobules under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro: the importance of CX3CR1 signaling. Inflamm Res 2013; 63:179-89. [PMID: 24270813 PMCID: PMC3921448 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Inflammation and hypoxia activate the fractalkine (CX3CL1) receptor (CX3CR1)-related signaling pathway. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induces CX3CL1, influencing a mechanism of CX3CL1 autoregulation by CX3CR1 expression. We compared spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CX3CL1 and TNFα production by human placenta under normoxic vs. hypoxic conditions, with respect to CX3CR1 expression and its functional status. Methods Placental lobules of term placentae (N = 24) were perfused extracorporeally. CX3CL1 and TNFα concentrations were measured in the perfusion fluid by ELISA. LPS, anti-CX3CR1 antibodies and pirfenidone were used in respective subgroups. After perfusion, CX3CR1 expression was estimated in placental tissue using quantitative immunohistochemistry, and the final results were adjusted for the mean microvascular density. Results The highest increase in CX3CL1 concentration in response to LPS was observed in hypoxia (p < 0.05). Unlike in normoxia, anti-CX3CR1 administration in hypoxia significantly reduced the LPS-evoked response. CX3CR1 expression was augmented by hypoxia and reached 260.9 ± 41 (% ±SEM) of the reference value in normoxia. Positive immunostaining for CX3CR1 corresponded to the vascular endothelium. Pirfenidone inhibited hypoxia + LPS-related increase in TNFα production and prevented the up-regulation of CX3CR1. Conclusion The modulatory influence of TNFα on CX3CR1 expression in hypoxia and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction may serve as a compensatory mechanism to preserve or augment the pro-inflammatory course of intercellular interactions in placental endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, 00-928 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowski
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Ceglowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tarun Kumar Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pyzlak
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, 00-928 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, 00-928 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
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Janssen WJ, Yunt ZX, Muldrow A, Kearns MT, Kloepfer A, Barthel L, Bratton DL, Bowler RP, Henson PM. Circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells are decreased in COPD. COPD 2013; 11:277-89. [PMID: 24182349 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2013.841668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bone marrow derived progenitor cells participate in the repair of injured vessels. The lungs of individuals with emphysema have reduced alveolar capillary density and increased endothelial apoptosis. We hypothesized that circulating levels of endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells would be reduced in this group of patients. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to measure circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in subjects with COPD and to determine if progenitor levels correlated with disease severity and the presence of emphysema. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 61 patients with COPD and 32 control subjects. Levels of EPCs (CD45(dim) CD34+) and HPCs (CD45(+) CD34(+) VEGF-R2(+)) were quantified using multi-parameter flow cytometry. Progenitor cell function was assessed using cell culture assays. All subjects were evaluated with spirometry and CT scanning. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS HPC levels were reduced in subjects with COPD compared to controls, whereas circulating EPC levels were similar between the two groups. HPC levels correlated with severity of obstruction and were lowest in subjects with severe emphysema. These associations remained after correction for factors known to affect progenitor cell levels including age, smoking status, the use of statin medications and the presence of coronary artery disease. The ability of mononuclear cells to form endothelial cell colony forming units (EC-CFU) was also reduced in subjects with COPD. CONCLUSIONS HPC levels are reduced in subjects with COPD and correlate with emphysema phenotype and severity of obstruction. Reduction of HPCs may disrupt maintenance of the capillary endothelium, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Janssen
- 1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Rennert RC, Sorkin M, Garg RK, Gurtner GC. Stem cell recruitment after injury: lessons for regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2013; 7:833-50. [PMID: 23164083 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration are thought to involve resident cell proliferation as well as the selective recruitment of circulating stem and progenitor cell populations through complex signaling cascades. Many of these recruited cells originate from the bone marrow, and specific subpopulations of bone marrow cells have been isolated and used to augment adult tissue regeneration in preclinical models. Clinical studies of cell-based therapies have reported mixed results, however, and a variety of approaches to enhance the regenerative capacity of stem cell therapies are being developed based on emerging insights into the mechanisms of progenitor cell biology and recruitment following injury. This article discusses the function and mechanisms of recruitment of important bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cell populations following injury, as well as the emerging therapeutic applications targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
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Issan Y, Hochhauser E, Guo A, Gotlinger KH, Kornowski R, Leshem-Lev D, Lev E, Porat E, Snir E, Thompson CI, Abraham NG, Laniado-Schwartzman M. Elevated level of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and EPC dysfunction in diabetic patients with cardiac ischemia. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 100-101:15-21. [PMID: 23291334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited from the blood system to sites of ischemia and endothelial damage, where they contribute to the repair and development of blood vessels. Since numerous eicosanoids including leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) have been shown to exert potent pro-inflammatory activities, we examined their levels in chronic diabetic patients with severe cardiac ischemia in conjunction with the level and function of EPCs. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis revealed a diabetes-specific increase (p<0.05) in inflammatory and angiogenic eicosanoids including the 5-lipoxygenase-derived LTB (4.11±1.17 vs. 0.96±0.27 ng/ml), the lipoxygenase/CYP-derived 12-HETE (117.08±35.05 vs. 24.34±10.03 ng/ml), 12-HETrE (17.56±4.43 vs. 4.15±2.07 ng/ml), and the CYP-derived 20-HETE (0.32±0.04 vs. 0.06±0.05 ng/ml) the level of which correlated with BMI (p=0.0027). In contrast, levels of the CYP-derived EETs were not significantly (p=0.36) different between these two groups. EPC levels and their colony-forming units were lower (p<0.05) with a reduced viability in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetics. EPC function (colony-forming units (CFUs) and MTT assay) also negatively correlated with the circulating levels of HgA1C. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a close association between elevated levels of highly pro-inflammatory eicosonoids, diabetes and EPC dysfunction in patients with cardiac ischemia, indicating that chronic inflammation impact negatively on EPC function and angiogenic capacity in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Issan
- Cardiac Research Laboratory at the Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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17
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Zhao YH, Yuan B, Chen J, Feng DH, Zhao B, Qin C, Chen YF. Endothelial progenitor cells: therapeutic perspective for ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 19:67-75. [PMID: 23230897 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which can be cultured in vitro from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow, express both hematopoietic stem cell and endothelial cell markers on their surface. They are believed to participate in endothelial repair and postnatal angiogenesis due to their abilities of differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting protective cytokines and growth factors. Mounting evidence suggests that circulating EPCs are reduced and dysfunctional in various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Therefore, EPCs have been documented to be a potential biomarker for vascular diseases and a hopeful candidate for regenerative medicine. Ischemic stroke, as the major cause of disability and death, still has limited therapeutics based on the approaches of vascular recanalization or neuronal protection. Emerging evidence indicates that transplantation of EPCs is beneficial for the recovery of ischemic cerebral injury. EPC-based therapy could open a new avenue for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Currently, clinical trials for evaluating EPC transfusion in treating ischemic stroke are underway. In this review, we summarize the general conceptions and the characteristics of EPCs, and highlight the recent research developments on EPCs. More importantly, the rationale, perspectives, and strategies for using them to treat ischemic stroke will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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18
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Lorenzen JM, Dietrich B, Fiedler J, Jazbutyte V, Fleissner F, Karpinski N, Weidemann F, Wanner C, Asan E, Caprio M, Ertl G, Bauersachs J, Thum T. Pathologic endothelial response and impaired function of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with Fabry disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2012. [PMID: 23184391 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-chromosomal recessive deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal). This results in an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in a variety of cells often with subsequent functional impairment. Here, the impact of Fabry disease on the biology of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) and the endothelial response to transient ischemia was investigated. Untreated patients with Fabry disease (n = 26), patients after initiation of alpha-Gal enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 26) were investigated. Endothelial function was assessed by the EndoPAT2000 device. CAC numbers were assessed by flow-cytometry, CAC function by a modified Boyden chamber assay. Fabry patients showed a pathologic endothelial response, which normalized after ERT. CACs were increased in number, but functionally impaired. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy identified an accumulation of GL-3 in Fabry CACs. ERT attenuated CAC dysfunction and improved markers of oxidative stress response in Fabry patients via a reduction in GL-3 accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of alpha-Gal in healthy CACs impaired their migratory capacity underlining a key role of this enzyme for CAC function. CAC supernatant as well as CACs from Fabry patients impaired angiogenesis and migratory capacity of HUVECs providing a mechanistic link between CAC and endothelial dysfunction. CAC adhesion to TNF-α pre-stimulated HUVECs and tube formation was impaired by alpha-Gal knockdown. Fabry patients show a dysfunction of CAC and a pathologic endothelial response. ERT improves CAC and endothelial function and thus may attenuate development of cardiovascular disease in the long term in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Lorenzen
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Kanzler I, Tuchscheerer N, Steffens G, Simsekyilmaz S, Konschalla S, Kroh A, Simons D, Asare Y, Schober A, Bucala R, Weber C, Bernhagen J, Liehn EA. Differential roles of angiogenic chemokines in endothelial progenitor cell-induced angiogenesis. Basic Res Cardiol 2012. [PMID: 23184390 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the role of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived angiogenic factors and chemokines in the multistep process driving angiogenesis with a focus on the recently discovered macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/chemokine receptor axis. Primary murine and murine embryonic EPCs (eEPCs) were analyzed for the expression of angiogenic/chemokines and components of the MIF/CXC chemokine receptor axis, focusing on the influence of hypoxic versus normoxic stimulation. Hypoxia induced an upregulation of CXCR2 and CXCR4 but not CD74 on EPCs and triggered the secretion of CXCL12, CXCL1, MIF, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These factors stimulated the transmigration activity and adhesive capacity of EPCs, with MIF and VEGF exhibiting the strongest effects under hypoxia. MIF-, VEGF-, CXCL12-, and CXCL1-stimulated EPCs enhanced tube formation, with MIF and VEGF exhibiting again the strongest effect following hypoxia. Tube formation following in vivo implantation utilizing angiogenic factor-loaded Matrigel plugs was only promoted by VEGF. Coloading of plugs with eEPCs led to enhanced tube formation only by CXCL12, whereas MIF was the only factor which induced differentiation towards an endothelial and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype, indicating an angiogenic and differentiation capacity in vivo. Surprisingly, CXCL12, a chemoattractant for smooth muscle progenitor cells, inhibited SMC differentiation. We have identified a role for EPC-derived proangiogenic MIF, VEGF and MIF receptors in EPC recruitment following hypoxia, EPC differentiation and subsequent tube and vessel formation, whereas CXCL12, a mediator of early EPC recruitment, does not contribute to the remodeling process. By discerning the contributions of key angiogenic chemokines and EPCs, these findings offer valuable mechanistic insight into mouse models of angiogenesis and help to define the intricate interplay between EPC-derived angiogenic cargo factors, EPCs, and the angiogenic target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Kanzler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Bousquenaud M, Schwartz C, Léonard F, Rolland-Turner M, Wagner D, Devaux Y. Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 is a homing factor for circulating angiogenic cells. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:519-25. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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21
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Presence of endothelial colony-forming cells is associated with reduced microvascular obstruction limiting infarct size and left ventricular remodelling in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1397-410. [PMID: 21904841 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are known to increase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined whether the presence of ECFCs is associated with preserved microvascular integrity in the myocardium at risk by reducing microvascular obstruction (MVO). We enrolled 88 patients with a first ST elevation AMI. ECFC colonies and circulating progenitor cells were characterized at admission. MVO was evaluated at 5 days and infarct size at 5 days and at 6-month follow-up by magnetic resonance imaging. ECFC colonies were detected in 40 patients (ECFC(pos) patients). At 5 days, MVO was of greater magnitude in ECFC(neg) versus ECFC(pos) patients (7.7 ± 5.3 vs. 3.2 ± 5%, p = 0.0002). At 6 months, in ECFC(pos) patients, there was a greater reduction in infarct size (-32.4 ± 33 vs. -12.8 ± 24%; p = 0.003) and a significant improvement in left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction. Level of circulating CD34+/VEGF-R2+ cells was correlated with the number of ECFC colonies (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) and relative change in infarct size (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). The results showed that the presence of ECFC colonies is associated with reduced MVO after AMI, leading to reduced infarct size and less LV remodelling and can be considered a marker of preserved microvascular integrity in AMI patients.
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Ahrens I, Domeij H, Eisenhardt SU, Topcic D, Albrecht M, Leitner E, Viitaniemi K, Jowett JB, Lappas M, Bode C, Haviv I, Peter K. Opposing effects of monomeric and pentameric C-reactive protein on endothelial progenitor cells. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:879-95. [PMID: 21562922 PMCID: PMC3149664 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The dissociation of native, pentameric (p)CRP to monomeric (m)CRP on the cell membrane of activated platelets has recently been demonstrated. The dissociation of pCRP to mCRP may explain local pro-inflammatory reactions at the site of developing atherosclerotic plaques. As a biomarker, pCRP predicts cardiovascular adverse events and so do reduced levels and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We hypothesised that mCRP and pCRP exert a differential effect on EPC function and differentiation. EPCs were treated with mCRP or pCRP for 72 h, respectively. Phenotypical characterisation was done by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, while the effect of mCRP and pCRP on gene expression was examined by whole-genome gene expression analysis. The functional capacity of EPCs was determined by colony forming unit (CFU) assay and endothelial tube formation assay. Double staining for acetylated LDL and ulex lectin significantly decreased in cells treated with pCRP. The length of tubuli in a matrigel assay with HUVECs decreased significantly in response to pCRP, but not to mCRP. The number of CFUs increased after pCRP treatment. RNA expression profiling demonstrated that mCRP and pCRP cause highly contradictory gene regulation. Interferon-responsive genes (IFI44L, IFI44, IFI27, IFI 6, MX1, OAS2) were among the highly up-regulated genes after mCRP, but not after pCRP treatment. In conclusion, EPC phenotype, genotype and function were differentially affected by mCRP and pCRP, strongly arguing for differential roles of these two CRP conformations. The up-regulation of interferon-inducible genes in response to mCRP may constitute a mechanism for the local regulation of EPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahrens
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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