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Liu L, Wu J, Lu C, Ma Y, Wang J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang X, Wang H, Xu J, Zhang J. WTAP-mediated m 6A modification of lncRNA Snhg1 improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via miR-361-5p/OPA1-dependent mitochondrial fusion. J Transl Med 2024; 22:499. [PMID: 38796415 PMCID: PMC11128115 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is caused by reperfusion after ischemic heart disease. LncRNA Snhg1 regulates the progression of various diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the frequent RNA modification and plays a critical role in MIRI. However, it is unclear whether lncRNA Snhg1 regulates MIRI progression and whether the lncRNA Snhg1 was modified by m6A methylation. METHODS Mouse cardiomyocytes HL-1 cells were utilized to construct the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model. HL-1 cell viability was evaluated utilizing CCK-8 method. Cell apoptosis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were quantitated utilizing flow cytometry. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to measure the m6A methylation and the interactions between lncRNA Snhg1 and targeted miRNA or target miRNAs and its target gene. The I/R mouse model was constructed with adenovirus expressing lncRNA Snhg1. HE and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate myocardial tissue damage and apoptosis. RESULTS LncRNA Snhg1 was down-regulated after H/R injury, and overexpressed lncRNA Snhg1 suppressed H/R-stimulated cell apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS level and polarization. Besides, lncRNA Snhg1 could target miR-361-5p, and miR-361-5p targeted OPA1. Overexpressed lncRNA Snhg1 suppressed H/R-stimulated cell apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS level and polarization though the miR-361-5p/OPA1 axis. Furthermore, WTAP induced lncRNA Snhg1 m6A modification in H/R-stimulated HL-1 cells. Moreover, enforced lncRNA Snhg1 repressed I/R-stimulated myocardial tissue damage and apoptosis and regulated the miR-361-5p and OPA1 levels. CONCLUSION WTAP-mediated m6A modification of lncRNA Snhg1 regulated MIRI progression through modulating myocardial apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondrial polarization via miR-361-5p/OPA1 axis, providing the evidence for lncRNA as the prospective target for alleviating MIRI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jieyu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jiehan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Sun M, Mao S, Wu C, Zhao X, Guo C, Hu J, Xu S, Zheng F, Zhu G, Tao H, He S, Hu J, Zhang Y. Piezo1-Mediated Neurogenic Inflammatory Cascade Exacerbates Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2024; 149:1516-1533. [PMID: 38235590 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity, and ventricular remodeling invariably precedes heart failure. Ventricular remodeling is fundamentally driven by mechanotransduction that is regulated by both the nervous system and the immune system. However, it remains unknown which key molecular factors govern the neuro/immune/cardio axis that underlies mechanotransduction during ventricular remodeling. Here, we investigated whether the mechanosensitive Piezo cation channel-mediated neurogenic inflammatory cascade underlies ventricular remodeling-related mechanotransduction. METHODS By ligating the left coronary artery of rats to establish an in vivo model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI), lentivirus-mediated thoracic dorsal root ganglion (TDRG)-specific Piezo1 knockdown rats and adeno-associated virus-PHP.S-mediated TDRG neuron-specific Piezo1 knockout mice were used to investigate whether Piezo1 in the TDRG plays a functional role during ventricular remodeling. Subsequently, neutralizing antibody-mediated TDRG IL-6 (interleukin-6) inhibition rats and adeno-associated virus-PHP.S-mediated TDRG neuron-specific IL-6 knockdown mice were used to determine the mechanism underlying neurogenic inflammation. Primary TDRG neurons were used to evaluate Piezo1 function in vitro. RESULTS Expression of Piezo1 and IL-6 was increased, and these factors were functionally activated in TDRG neurons at 4 weeks after MI. Both knockdown of TDRG-specific Piezo1 and deletion of TDRG neuron-specific Piezo1 lessened the severity of ventricular remodeling at 4 weeks after MI and decreased the level of IL-6 in the TDRG or heart. Furthermore, inhibition of TDRG IL-6 or knockdown of TDRG neuron-specific IL-6 also ameliorated ventricular remodeling and suppressed the IL-6 cascade in the heart, whereas the Piezo1 level in the TDRG was not affected. In addition, enhanced Piezo1 function, as reflected by abundant calcium influx induced by Yoda1 (a selective agonist of Piezo1), led to increased release of IL-6 from TDRG neurons in mice 4 weeks after MI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to a critical role for Piezo1 in ventricular remodeling at 4 weeks after MI and reveal a neurogenic inflammatory cascade as a previously unknown facet of the neuronal immune signaling axis underlying mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, China (M.S.)
| | - Sui Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (X.Z.)
| | - Chengxiao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Shijin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (F.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (F.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Shufang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
| | - Ji Hu
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (J.H.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (M.S., S.M., C.W., C.G., J.H., S.X., H.T., S.H., Y.Z.)
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Wu C, Sun M, Qile M, Zhang Y, Liu L, Cheng X, Dai X, Gross ER, Zhang Y, He S. Lysophosphatidic acid contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating TRPV1 in spinal cord. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:329-348. [PMID: 38236300 PMCID: PMC11233190 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we question whether LPA contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by acting on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in spinal cord. By ligating the left coronary artery to establish an in vivo I/R mouse model, we observed a 1.57-fold increase in LPA level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The I/R-elevated CSF LPA levels were reduced by HA130, an LPA synthesis inhibitor, compared to vehicle treatment (4.74 ± 0.34 vs. 6.46 ± 0.94 μg/mL, p = 0.0014). Myocardial infarct size was reduced by HA130 treatment compared to the vehicle group (26 ± 8% vs. 46 ± 8%, p = 0.0001). To block the interaction of LPA with TRPV1 at the K710 site, we generated a K710N knock-in mouse model. The TRPV1K710N mice were resistant to LPA-induced myocardial injury, showing a smaller infarct size relative to TRPV1WT mice (28 ± 4% vs. 60 ± 7%, p < 0.0001). Additionally, a sequence-specific TRPV1 peptide targeting the K710 region produced similar protective effects against LPA-induced myocardial injury. Blocking the K710 region through K710N mutation or TRPV1 peptide resulted in reduced neuropeptides release and decreased activity of cardiac sensory neurons, leading to a decrease in cardiac norepinephrine concentration and the restoration of intramyocardial pro-survival signaling, namely protein kinase B/extracellular regulated kinase/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway. These findings suggest that the elevation of CSF LPA is strongly associated with myocardial I/R injury. Moreover, inhibiting the interaction of LPA with TRPV1 by blocking the K710 region uncovers a novel strategy for preventing myocardial ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Muge Qile
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueying Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Shufang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Zhang F, Wang QY, Zhou J, Zhou X, Wei X, Hu L, Cheng HL, Yu Q, Cai RL. Electroacupuncture attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting microglial engulfment of dendritic spines. iScience 2023; 26:107645. [PMID: 37670780 PMCID: PMC10475514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major side effect of reperfusion therapy following myocardial infarction is myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Electroacupuncture preconditioning (EA-pre) has a long history in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we demonstrate how EA-pre attenuates MIRI by affecting the phagocytosis of neuronal dendritic spines of microglia of the fastigial nucleus (FNmicroglia). We observed that EA-pre increased activity in FNGABA and then improved myocardial injury by inhibiting abnormal activities of glutaminergic neurons of the FN (FNGlu) during MIRI. Interestingly, we observed changes in the quantity and shape of FN microglia in mice treated with EA-pre and a decrease in the phagocytosis of FNGABA neuronal dendritic spines by microglia. Furthermore, the effects of improving MIRI were reversed when EA-pre mice were chemically activated by intra-FN lipopolysaccharide injection. Overall, our results provide new insight indicating that EA-pre regulates microglial engulfment capacity, thus promoting the improvement of cardiac sympathetic nervous disorder during MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian-yi Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xia Wei
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong-liang Cheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rong-lin Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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5
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Lu P, Li X, Li B, Li X, Wang C, Liu Z, Ji Y, Wang X, Wen Z, Fan J, Yi C, Song M, Wang X. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c suppresses ferroptosis and alleviates acute lung injury induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion via PPARγ signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175835. [PMID: 37290680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening complication of cardiac surgery that has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Epithelial ferroptosis is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. MOTS-c has been reported to play a role in regulating inflammation and sepsis-associated ALI. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of MOTS-c on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR)-induced ALI and ferroptosis. In humans, we used ELISA kits to investigate MOTS-c and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In vivo, we pretreated Sprague-Dawley rats with MOTS-c, Ferrostatin-1 and Fe-citrate(Ⅲ). We conducted Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and detection of ferroptosis-related genes in MIR-induced ALI rats. In vitro, we evaluated the effect of MOTS-c on hypoxia regeneration (HR)-induced mouse lung epithelial-12 (MLE-12) ferroptosis and analyzed the expression of PPARγ through western blotting. We found that circulating MOTS-c levels were decreased in postoperative ALI patients after off-pump CABG, and that ferroptosis contributed to ALI induced by MIR in rats. MOTS-c suppressed ferroptosis and alleviated ALI induced by MIR, and the protective effect of MOTS-c- was dependent on PPARγ signaling pathway. Additionally, HR promoted ferroptosis in MLE-12 cells, and MOTS-c inhibited ferroptosis against HR through the PPARγ signaling pathway. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MOTS-c for improving postoperative ALI induced by cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Ben Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Chufan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | | | - Yumeng Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Ziang Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China
| | - Jidan Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenlong Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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