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DeJulius CR, Dollinger BR, Kavanaugh TE, Dailing E, Yu F, Gulati S, Miskalis A, Zhang C, Uddin J, Dikalov S, Duvall CL. Optimizing an Antioxidant TEMPO Copolymer for Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:928-941. [PMID: 33872001 PMCID: PMC8188607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is broadly implicated in chronic, inflammatory diseases because it causes protein and lipid damage, cell death, and stimulation of inflammatory signaling. Supplementation of innate antioxidant mechanisms with drugs such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic compound 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a promising strategy for reducing oxidative stress-driven pathologies. TEMPO is inexpensive to produce and has strong antioxidant activity, but it is limited as a drug due to rapid clearance from the body. It is also challenging to encapsulate into micellar nanoparticles or polymer microparticles, because it is a small, water soluble molecule that does not efficiently load into hydrophobic carrier systems. In this work, we pursued a polymeric form of TEMPO [poly(TEMPO)] to increase its molecular weight with the goal of improving in vivo bioavailability. High density of TEMPO on the poly(TEMPO) backbone limited water solubility and bioactivity of the product, a challenge that was overcome by tuning the density of TEMPO in the polymer by copolymerization with the hydrophilic monomer dimethylacrylamide (DMA). Using this strategy, we formed a series of poly(DMA-co-TEMPO) random copolymers. An optimal composition of 40 mol % TEMPO/60 mol % DMA was identified for water solubility and O2•- scavenging in vitro. In an air pouch model of acute local inflammation, the optimized copolymer outperformed both the free drug and a 100% poly(TEMPO) formulation in O2•- scavenging, retention, and reduction of TNFα levels. Additionally, the optimized copolymer reduced ROS levels after systemic injection in a footpad model of inflammation. These results demonstrate the benefit of polymerizing TEMPO for in vivo efficacy and could lead to a useful antioxidant polymer formulation for next-generation anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlisle R DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bryan R Dollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Eric Dailing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shubham Gulati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Angelo Miskalis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Jashim Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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2
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Yoshida E. CO2-responsive behavior of polymer giant vesicles supporting hindered amine. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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A dual stimuli-responsive amphiphilic polymer: reversible self-assembly and rate-controlled drug release. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Fu Q, Gray ZR, van der Est A, Pelton RH. Phase Behavior of Aqueous Poly(acrylic acid-g-TEMPO). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Zachary Russell Gray
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Art van der Est
- Department
of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Robert H. Pelton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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5
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Xu H, Zhou C, Lang M. Synthesis of well-defined carboxyl poly(ε-caprolactone) by fine-tuning the protection group. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl functionalized polycaprolactone with a well-defined structure was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of substituted caprolactone monomer and acidic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Heng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Petrochemical New Materials
- Anqing
- China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Meidong Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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6
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Chen C, Kang N, Xu T, Wang D, Ren L, Guo X. Core-shell hybrid upconversion nanoparticles carrying stable nitroxide radicals as potential multifunctional nanoprobes for upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5249-5261. [PMID: 25716884 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxide radicals, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives, have recently been used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). However, their rapid one-electron bioreduction to diamagnetic N-hydroxy species when administered intravenously has limited their use in in vivo applications. In this article, a new approach of silica coating for carrying stable radicals was proposed. A 4-carboxyl-TEMPO nitroxide radical was covalently linked with 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane to produce a silanizing TEMPO radical. Utilizing a facile reaction based on the copolymerization of silanizing TEMPO radicals with tetraethyl orthosilicate in reverse microemulsion, a TEMPO radicals doped SiO2 nanostructure was synthesized and coated on the surface of NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to generate a novel multifunctional nanoprobe, PEGylated UCNP@TEMPO@SiO2 for upconversion luminescence (UCL) and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging. The electron spin resonance (ESR) signals generated by the TEMPO@SiO2 show an enhanced reduction resistance property for a period of time of up to 1 h, even in the presence of 5 mM ascorbic acid. The longitudinal relaxivity of PEGylated UCNPs@TEMPO@SiO2 nanocomposites is about 10 times stronger than that for free TEMPO radicals. The core-shell NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 UCNPs synthesized by this modified user-friendly one-pot solvothermal strategy show a significant enhancement of UCL emission of up to 60 times more than the core NaYF4:Yb,Er. Furthermore, the PEGylated UCNP@TEMPO@SiO2 nanocomposites were further used as multifunctional nanoprobes to explore their performance in the UCL imaging of living cells and T1-weighted MRI in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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7
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Fission of giant vesicles accompanied by hydrophobic chain growth through polymerization-induced self-assembly. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hauffman G, Maguin Q, Bourgeois JP, Vlad A, Gohy JF. Micellar Cathodes from Self-Assembled Nitroxide-Containing Block Copolymers in Battery Electrolytes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:228-233. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hauffman
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA); Université catholique de Louvain; Place L. Pasteur, 1 1348 Louvain la Neuve Belgium
| | - Quentin Maguin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA); Université catholique de Louvain; Place L. Pasteur, 1 1348 Louvain la Neuve Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourgeois
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA); Université catholique de Louvain; Place L. Pasteur, 1 1348 Louvain la Neuve Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Information and Communication Technologies; Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM); Université catholique de Louvain; Place de Levant, 3 1348 Louvain la Neuve Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA); Université catholique de Louvain; Place L. Pasteur, 1 1348 Louvain la Neuve Belgium
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Anger C, Deubel F, Salzinger S, Stohrer J, Halbach T, Jordan R, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles via Photoinduced Micellation and Siloxane Core Cross-Linking of Stimuli-Responsive Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:121-124. [PMID: 35581771 DOI: 10.1021/mz3006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoacid-induced siloxane cross-linking of stimuli-responsive copolymer micelles allows the synthesis of well-defined organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. Two conceptually different synthetic approaches are presented, both via photoinduced cross-linking of poly(4-hydroxystyrene-block-styrene) micelles and via one-pot photoacid-catalyzed micelle formation and siloxane cross-linking of poly(4-tert-butoxystyrene-block-styrene). The multistep synthetic route showed intermicellar cross-linking leading to agglomerates. In contrast to this, the formation of the nanoparticles via the one-pot synthesis yielded well-defined structures. The use of different siloxane cross-linking agents and their effects on the properties of the cross-linked micellar structures have been evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicate rigid core cross-linked nanoparticles. Their size, molar mass, and swelling behavior were analyzed by dynamic and static light scattering. Cyclic siloxane cross-linking agents lead to residual C═C double bonds within the nanoparticle core that allow postsynthetic modification by, e.g., thiol-ene click reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Anger
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Deubel
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Salzinger
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stohrer
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Halbach
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Institut für Siliciumchemie, TU München Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Yoshitomi T, Nagasaki Y. Design and Preparation of a Nanoprobe for Imaging Inflammation Sites. Biointerphases 2012; 7:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-011-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Creation of a blood-compatible surface: a novel strategy for suppressing blood activation and coagulation using a nitroxide radical-containing polymer with reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1323-9. [PMID: 22155332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Various polymeric materials have been used in medical devices, including blood-contacting artificial organs. Contact between blood and foreign materials causes blood cell activation and adhesion, followed by blood coagulation. Concurrently, the activated blood cells release inflammatory cytokines together with reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have hypothesized that the suppression of ROS generation plays a crucial role in blood activation and coagulation. To confirm this hypothesis, surface-coated polymers containing nitroxide radical compounds (nitroxide radical-containing polymers (NRP)) were designed and developed. The NRP was composed of a hydrophobic poly(chloromethylstyrene) (PCMS) chain to which 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) moieties were conjugated via condensation reaction of the chloromethyl groups in PCMS with the sodium alcoholate group of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO. Blood compatibility was investigated by placing NRP-coated beads in contact with rat whole blood. The amount of ROS generated on PCMS-coated beads used as a control increased significantly with time, while NRP-coated beads suppressed ROS generation. It is interesting to note that the suppression of inflammatory cytokine generation by NRP-coated beads was shown to be significantly higher than that by PCMS-coated beads. Both platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the beads were suppressed with increasing TEMPO incorporation in the polymer. These results confirm that the suppression of ROS by NRP prevents inflammatory cytokine generation, which in turn results in the suppression of blood activation and coagulation on the beads.
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12
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Nitroxide radicals and nanoparticles: a partnership for nanomedicine radical delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:165-79. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide a research update on nitroxide radical compounds for application of anti-oxidative stress therapy. Nitroxide compounds such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) can catalytically react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are anticipated as new anti-oxidant therapies for several diseases. However, low-molecular-weight nitroxide compounds pose several problems such as nonspecific dispersion in normal tissues, preferential renal clearance and rapid reduction of the nitroxide radical to the corresponding hydroxylamine. Nitroxide radical compounds are also known to show dose-related antihypertensive action accompanied by reflex tachycardia, increased skin temperature, and seizures. The author has recently designed novel nanoparticles, which possess nitroxide radicals in the core for novel bioimaging and nanotherapy. Nitroxide radical-containing nanoparticles (RNP) shows high safety, long blood circulation, magnetic resonance imaging and ESR imaging sensitive character and efficient therapeutic effects to several diseases such as cerebral and renal ischemia reperfusions, ulcerative colitis and Alzheimer’s disease models. RNPs are, thus, promising as new nanotherapeutic materials.
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14
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Zhuang X, Xiao C, Oyaizu K, Chikushi N, Chen X, Nishide H. Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers bearing stable nitroxyl radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Yoshida E, Kuwayama S, Kawaguchi S. Photo-induced micellization of poly(4-pyridinemethoxymethylstyrene)-block-polystyrene using a photo-acid generator. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Yoshida E. Control of micellization induced by disproportionation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl supported on side chains of a block copolymer. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Yoshitomi T, Suzuki R, Mamiya T, Matsui H, Hirayama A, Nagasaki Y. pH-Sensitive Radical-Containing-Nanoparticle (RNP) for the L-Band-EPR Imaging of Low pH Circumstances. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1792-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900214f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshitomi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Division of
| | - Rie Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Division of
| | - Takashi Mamiya
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Division of
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Division of
| | - Aki Hirayama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Division of
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Division of
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18
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Yoshida E, Naito T. Reversible control of self-assembly of a diblock copolymer supporting Wittig reagent. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Yoshida E, Kuwayama S. Micelle formation induced by photo-Claisen rearrangement of poly(4-allyloxystyrene)-block-polystyrene. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Photolysis-induced micellization of a poly(4-tert-butoxystyrene)-block-polystyrene diblock copolymer. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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22
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Reduction-induced micellization of a diblock copolymer containing stable nitroxyl radicals. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Random and AB diblock copolymers of tricyclodecanemethanol urethane methacrylate with styrene: Synthesis and morphology characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yoshida E, Ogawa H. Micelle Formation Induced by Disproportionation of Stable Nitroxyl Radicals Supported on a Diblock Copolymer. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:297-302. [PMID: 17898495 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelle formation induced by disproportionation was attained for a diblock copolymer containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Poly(4-vinylbenzyloxy-TEMPO)-block-polystyrene (PVTEMPO-b-PSt) showed no self-assembly in 1,4-dioxane, a nonselective solvent. Light scattering studies demonstrated that the copolymer self-assembled into micelles in this solvent with the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The hydrodynamic diameter of the copolymer was estimated to be ca. 55 nm based on the cumulant analysis of the complete micellization. A UV analysis confirmed that the micellizarion proceeded through the disproportionation of the TEMPO into the oxoaminium chloride and the hydroxylamine by the reaction with HCl, because the absorption based on the oxoaminium chloride increased with an increase in the amount of HCl. ESR verified that the radical concentration of the TEMPO decreased with an increase in the HCl. Before the addition of HCl, the PVTEMPO-b-PSt copolymer showed broad signals based on the random orientation. As the amount of HCl increased, the broad signals changed to the typical triplet of TEMPO, accompanied by a decrease in the signal intensity. The g values had a negligible change throughout the micellization. Finally, 40% of the TEMPO remained unreacted when the micellization was completed. The micellization prevented the dispropotionation of the TEMPO, because the PVTEMPO blocks formed the micellar cores which were covered with the micellar coronas of the PSt blocks. TEM observations demonstrated that PVTEMPO-b-PSt formed spherical micelles through the dispropotionation-induced micellization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Yoshida
- Department of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan.
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