1
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Patel BB, Pan T, Chang Y, Walsh DJ, Kwok JJ, Park KS, Patel K, Guironnet D, Sing CE, Diao Y. Concentration-Driven Self-Assembly of PS- b-PLA Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers in Solution. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:232-244. [PMID: 35971423 PMCID: PMC9372993 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Bottlebrush polymers
are a class of semiflexible, hierarchical
macromolecules with unique potential for shape-, architecture-, and
composition-based structure–property design. It is now well-established
that in dilute to semidilute solution, bottlebrush homopolymers adopt
a wormlike conformation, which decreases in extension (persistence
length) as the concentration and molecular overlap increase. By comparison,
the solution phase self-assembly of bottlebrush diblock copolymers
(BBCP) in a good solvent remains poorly understood, despite critical
relevance for solution processing of ordered phases and photonic crystals.
In this work, we combine small-angle X-ray scattering, coarse-grained
simulation, and polymer synthesis to map the equilibrium phase behavior
and conformation of a set of large, nearly symmetric PS-b-PLA bottlebrush diblock copolymers in toluene. Three BBCP are synthesized,
with side chains of number-averaged molecular weights of 4500 (PS)
and 4200 g/mol (PLA) and total backbone degrees of polymerization
of 100, 255, and 400 repeat units. The grafting density is one side
chain per backbone repeat unit. With increasing concentration in solution,
all three polymers progress through a similar structural transition:
from dispersed, wormlike chains with concentration-dependent (decreasing)
extension, through the onset of disordered PS/PLA compositional fluctuations,
to the formation of a long-range ordered lamellar phase. With increasing
concentration in the microphase-separated regimes, the domain spacing
increases as individual chains partially re-extend due to block immiscibility.
Increases in the backbone degree of polymerization lead to changes
in the scattering profiles which are consistent with the increased
segregation strength. Coarse-grained simulations using an implicit
side-chain model are performed, and concentration-dependent self-assembly
behavior is qualitatively matched to experiments. Finally, using the
polymer with the largest backbone length, we demonstrate that lamellar
phases develop a well-defined photonic band gap in solution, which
can be tuned across the visible spectrum by varying polymer concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yilong Chang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Green St., MC 244, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin J. Kwok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kush Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Kang JJ, Sachse C, Ko CH, Schroer MA, Vela SD, Molodenskiy D, Kohlbrecher J, Bushuev NV, Gumerov RA, Potemkin II, Jordan R, Papadakis CM. Rigid-to-Flexible Transition in a Molecular Brush in a Good Solvent at a Semidilute Concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5226-5236. [PMID: 35166545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The structures of a molecular brush in a good solvent are investigated using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering in a wide range of concentrations. The brush under study, PiPOx239-g-PnPrOx14, features a relatively long poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) backbone and short poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx) side chains. As a solvent, ethanol is used. By model fitting, the overall size and the persistence length as well as the interaction length and interaction strength are determined. At this, the interplay between form and structure factor is taken into account. The conformation of the molecular brush is traced upon increasing the solution concentration, and a rigid-to-flexible transition is found near the overlap concentration. Finally, the results of computer simulations of the molecular brush solutions confirm the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jhen Kang
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Clemens Sachse
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsin Ko
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Molodenskiy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstr. 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nikita V Bushuev
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Bichler KJ, Jakobi B, Sakai VG, Klapproth A, Mole RA, Schneider GJ. Short-Time Dynamics of PDMS- g-PDMS Bottlebrush Polymer Melts Investigated by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2020; 53:9553-9562. [PMID: 33191954 PMCID: PMC7659037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the short-time dynamical behavior of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bottlebrush polymers, PDMS-g-PDMS. The samples have similar backbone lengths but different side-chain lengths, resulting in a shape transition. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering was used to observe the dynamical changes inherent to these structural changes. The combination of data from three spectrometers enabled to follow the dynamics over broad frequency and temperature ranges, which included segmental relaxations and more localized motions. The latter, identified as the methyl group rotation, is described by a threefold jump model and shows higher activation energies compared to linear PDMS. The segmental relaxation times, τs, decrease with increasing molecular weight of the side chains but increase with momentum transfer, Q, following a power law, which suggests a non-Gaussian behavior for bottlebrush polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Bichler
- Department
of Physics &Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Bruno Jakobi
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS
Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Alice Klapproth
- Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights 2234, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A. Mole
- Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights 2234, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Department
of Physics &Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
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4
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Xiao L, Li J, Peng G, Huang G. The effect of grafting density and side chain length on the conformation of PEG grafted bottlebrush polymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Ishaq MW, Hao N, Zhu M, Li L. Light Scattering Study of Internal Motions of Ultralong Comb-like Chains in Dilute Solutions under Good Solvent Conditions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Ishaq
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nairong Hao
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mo Zhu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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6
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Sunday DF, Martin TB, Chang AB, Burns AB, Grubbs RH. Addressing the challenges of modeling the scattering from bottlebrush polymers in solution. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020; 58:10.1002/pol.20190289. [PMID: 33305292 PMCID: PMC7724922 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-angle scattering measurements of complex macromolecules in solution are used to establish relationships between chemical structure and conformational properties. Interpretation of the scattering data requires an inverse approach where a model is chosen and the simulated scattering intensity from that model is iterated to match the experimental scattering intensity. This raises challenges in the case where the model is an imperfect approximation of the underlying structure, or where there are significant correlations between model parameters. We examine three bottlebrush polymers (consisting of polynorbornene backbone and polystyrene side chains) in a good solvent using a model commonly applied to this class of polymers: the flexible cylinder model. Applying a series of constrained Monte-Carlo Markov Chain analyses demonstrates the severity of the correlations between key parameters and the presence of multiple close minima in the goodness of fit space. We demonstrate that a shape-agnostic model can fit the scattering with significantly reduced parameter correlations and less potential for complex, multimodal parameter spaces. We provide recommendations to improve the analysis of complex macromolecules in solution, highlighting the value of Bayesian methods. This approach provides richer information for understanding parameter sensitivity compared to methods which produce a single, best fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Tyler B. Martin
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Adam B. Burns
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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7
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Bichler KJ, Jakobi B, Huber SO, Gilbert EP, Schneider GJ. Structural Analysis of Ultrasoft PDMS-g-PDMS Shell-Only Particles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elliot P. Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
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8
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Zhulina EB, Sheiko SS, Borisov OV. Solution and Melts of Barbwire Bottlebrushes: Hierarchical Structure and Scale-Dependent Elasticity. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS, UPPA, Pau, France
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9
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Lyubimov I, Wessels MG, Jayaraman A. Molecular Dynamics Simulation and PRISM Theory Study of Assembly in Solutions of Amphiphilic Bottlebrush Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lyubimov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michiel G. Wessels
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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Tavera-Vázquez A, Arenas-Gómez B, Garza C, Liu Y, Castillo R. Structure, rheology, and microrheology of wormlike micelles made of PB-PEO diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7264-7276. [PMID: 30140801 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A diblock copolymer made of poly(1,4-butadiene)-block-polyethylene oxide, with a degree of polymerization of the polybutadiene and polyethylene oxide blocks of 37 and 57, respectively, self-assembles in water as worm-like micelles determined by small angle neutron scattering with an average diameter of ∼12.7 nm, a core radius of ∼2.7 nm, a shell radius of ∼3 nm, and an estimated persistence length of >225 nm. Worm-like micelles of almost the same diblock copolymer, but with a smaller polyethylene oxide block (degree of polymerization 45) were also measured. The worm-like micelles were also observed with negative staining using low energy electron microscopy. The boundary between dilute and semidilute regimes was estimated to be ∼0.8 wt%. The viscoelastic spectra at low and intermediate frequencies do not follow the Maxwell model. These micelles do not present the same rheological behavior of worm-like micelle solutions of conventional surfactants. The slow dynamics of the self-assembly explains this uncommon behavior for the system. Any micellar rearrangement is impeded due to the extremely high hydrophobicity of the polybutadiene block; stress mainly relaxes by the reptation mechanism. Using diffusive wave spectroscopy, we measured the mean square displacement of particles in the micellar solution. From the mean square displacement, we obtained G'(ω) and G''(ω) at high frequencies. |G*| exhibits a power law behavior showing the stress relaxation changes as frequency increases, first dominated by the Rouse-Zimm modes and then by the bending modes of the Kuhn segments. This allowed us to estimate the worm-like micelle persistence lengths that depend on the copolymer concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tavera-Vázquez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 20-364, 01000, México City, Mexico.
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11
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Bi Z, Naveed HB, Mao Y, Yan H, Ma W. Importance of Nucleation during Morphology Evolution of the Blade-Cast PffBT4T-2OD-Based Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hongping Yan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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12
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Storm IM, Stuart MAC, de Vries R, Leermakers FAM. Electrostatic stiffening and induced persistence length for coassembled molecular bottlebrushes. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032501. [PMID: 29776063 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A self-consistent field analysis for tunable contributions to the persistence length of isolated semiflexible polymer chains including electrostatically driven coassembled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bottlebrushes is presented. When a chain is charged, i.e., for polyelectrolytes, there is, in addition to an intrinsic rigidity, an electrostatic stiffening effect, because the electric double layer resists bending. For molecular bottlebrushes, there is an induced contribution due to the grafts. We explore cases beyond the classical phantom main-chain approximation and elaborate molecularly more realistic models where the backbone has a finite volume, which is necessary for treating coassembled bottlebrushes. We find that the way in which the linear charge density or the grafting density is regulated is important. Typically, the stiffening effect is reduced when there is freedom for these quantities to adapt to the curvature stresses. Electrostatically driven coassembled bottlebrushes, however, are relatively stiff because the chains have a low tendency to escape from the compressed regions and the electrostatic binding force is largest in the convex part. For coassembled bottlebrushes, the induced persistence length is a nonmonotonic function of the polymer concentration: For low polymer concentrations, the stiffening grows quadratically with coverage; for semidilute polymer concentrations, the brush chains retract and regain their Gaussian size. When doing so, they lose their induced persistence length contribution. Our results correlate well with observed physical characteristics of electrostatically driven coassembled DNA-bioengineered protein-polymer bottlebrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg M Storm
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans A M Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Martin TB, Gartner TE, Jones RL, Snyder CR, Jayaraman A. pyPRISM: A Computational Tool for Liquid-State Theory Calculations of Macromolecular Materials. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Martin
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | - Ronald L. Jones
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chad R. Snyder
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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14
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Yu L, Yakubov GE, Martínez-Sanz M, Gilbert EP, Stokes JR. Rheological and structural properties of complex arabinoxylans from Plantago ovata seed mucilage under non-gelled conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 193:179-188. [PMID: 29773370 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two gel-forming arabinoxylan (AX) fractions with very similar linkage composition and molecular weight distributions have been isolated from Plantago ovata seed mucilage. Both isolated fractions have distinct gel properties attributed to differences in intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This study probes the effect of hydrogen bonding on molecular interactions of P. ovata AX fractions under non-gelled conditions achieved using a mild hydrogen bonding inhibitor, 0.2 M KOH. Chain conformation, relaxation dynamics and interactions between AX molecules are investigated using a combination of rheological techniques and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. The scattering data confirm similar molecular dimensions and chain rigidity for both fractions, while showing distinct patterns of molecular interactions which result in the formation of a self-associated polymer network. The relationship between molecular associations, chain relaxation time and entanglement behaviour of P. ovata AX solutions are corroborated though the analysis of flow profiles and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gleb E Yakubov
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Marta Martínez-Sanz
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia
| | - Elliot P Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason R Stokes
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Martin TB, Gartner TE, Jones RL, Snyder CR, Jayaraman A. pyPRISM: A Computational Tool for Liquid-State Theory Calculations of Macromolecular Materials. Macromolecules 2018; 51:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00011. [PMID: 33071357 PMCID: PMC7560969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Polymer Reference Interaction Site Model (PRISM) theory describes the equilibrium spatial-correlations of liquid-like polymer systems including melts, blends, solutions, block copolymers, ionomers, liquid crystalline polymers, and nanocomposites. Using PRISM theory, one can calculate thermodynamic (second virial coefficients, Flory-Huggins χ interaction parameters, potentials of mean force) and structural (pair correlation functions, structure factors) data for these macromolecular materials. Here, we present a Python-based, open-source framework, pyPRISM, for conducting PRISM theory calculations. This framework aims to simplify PRISM-based studies by providing a user-friendly scripting interface for setting up and numerically solving the PRISM equations. pyPRISM also provides data structures, functions, and classes that streamline PRISM calculations, allowing pyPRISM to be extended for use in other tasks, such as the coarse-graining of atomistic simulation force-fields or the modeling of experimental scattering data. The goal of this framework is to reduce the barrier to correctly and appropriately using PRISM theory and to provide a platform for rapid calculations of the structure and thermodynamics of polymeric fluids and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Martin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899
| | - Thomas E. Gartner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark DE
| | - Ronald L. Jones
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899
| | - Chad R. Snyder
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark DE
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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16
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Storm IM, Kornreich M, Voets IK, Beck R, de Vries R, Cohen Stuart MA, Leermakers FAM. Loss of bottlebrush stiffness due to free polymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8004-8014. [PMID: 27604959 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01227b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A recently introduced DNA-bottlebrush system, which is formed by the co-assembly of DNA with a genetically engineered cationic polymer-like protein, is subjected to osmotic stress conditions. We measured the inter-DNA distances by X-ray scattering. Our co-assembled DNA-bottlebrush system is one of the few bottlebrushes known to date that shows liquid crystalline behaviour. The alignment of the DNA bottlebrushes was expected to increase with imposed pressure, but interestingly this did not always happen. Molecularly detailed self-consistent field calculations targeted to complement the experiments, focused on the role of molecular crowding on the induced persistence length lp due to the side chains and the cross-sectional width D of the molecular bottlebrushes. Both the thickness as well as the backbone persistence length drop with increasing protein-polymer bulk concentrations and dramatic effects are found above the overlap threshold. The flexibilisation is more significant and therefore the bottlebrush aspect ratio, lp/D, decreases with protein-polymer concentration. This loss in aspect ratio is yet another argument why molecular bottlebrushes rarely order in anisotropic phases and may explain why bottlebrushes are excellent lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg M Storm
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Dutertre F, Bang KT, Loppinet B, Choi I, Choi TL, Fytas G. Structure and Dynamics of Dendronized Polymer Solutions: Gaussian Coil or Macromolecular Rod? Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Dutertre
- Institute of Electronic
Structure and Laser, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- Institute of Electronic
Structure and Laser, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Inho Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - George Fytas
- Institute of Electronic
Structure and Laser, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Ahn SK, Carrillo JMY, Han Y, Kim TH, Uhrig D, Pickel DL, Hong K, Kilbey SM, Sumpter BG, Smith GS, Do C. Structural Evolution of Polylactide Molecular Bottlebrushes: Kinetics Study by Size Exclusion Chromatography, Small Angle Neutron Scattering, and Simulations. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:862-866. [PMID: 35596347 DOI: 10.1021/mz5003454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural evolution from poly(lactide) (PLA) macromonomer to resultant PLA molecular bottlebrush during ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was investigated for the first time by combining size exclusion chromatography (SEC), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations. Multiple aliquots were collected at various reaction times during ROMP and subsequently analyzed by SEC and SANS. These complementary techniques enable the understanding of systematic changes in conversion, molecular weight and dispersity as well as structural details of PLA molecular bottlebrushes. CG-MD simulation not only predicts the experimental observations, but it also provides further insight into the analysis and interpretation of data obtained in SEC and SANS experiments. We find that PLA molecular bottlebrushes undergo three conformational transitions with increasing conversion (i.e., increasing the backbone length): (1) from an elongated to a globular shape due to longer side chain at low conversion, (2) from a globular to an elongated shape at intermediate conversion caused by excluded volume of PLA side chain, and (3) the saturation of contour length at high conversion due to chain transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Neutron
Science Division, Department of Reactor Utilization and Development, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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19
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Hsu HP, Paul W, Binder K. Estimation of persistence lengths of semiflexible polymers: Insight from simulations. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238213060027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Rosenfeldt S, Lüdel F, Schulreich C, Hellweg T, Radulescu A, Schmelz J, Schmalz H, Harnau L. Patchy worm-like micelles: solution structure studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 14:12750-6. [PMID: 22880203 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triblock terpolymers exhibit a rich self-organization behavior including the formation of fascinating cylindrical core-shell structures with a phase separated corona. After crystallization-induced self-assembly of polystyrene-block-polyethylene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock terpolymers (abbreviated as SEMs = Styrene-Ethylene-Methacrylates) from solution, worm-like core-shell micelles with a patchy corona of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. However, the solution structure is still a matter of debate. Here, we present a method to distinguish in situ between a Janus-type (two faced) and a patchy (multiple compartments) configuration of the corona. To discriminate between both models the scattering intensity must be determined mainly by one corona compartment. Contrast variation in small-angle neutron scattering enables us to focus on one compartment of the worm-like micelles. The results validate the existence of the patchy structure also in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Physikalische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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21
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Borisov OV, Zhulina EB, Birshtein TM. Persistence Length of Dendritic Molecular Brushes. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1166-1169. [PMID: 35607188 DOI: 10.1021/mz3003903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of mean-field theory, we predict that molecular brushes with dendritic side chains ("dendronized polymers") may exhibit the behavior of semirigid polymers capable of lyotropic odering. The apparent persistence length of these molecular brushes is governed by the interactions between dendritic grafts and may significantly exceed the characteristic brush thickness. Compared to bottle-brushes with linear grafts, manifestation of the induced rigidity in molecular brushes with dendritic branches is expected at smaller degrees of polymerization of the grafts. Under good solvent conditions, the induced rigidity depends solely on the number of side chain monomers per unit length of backbone and the second virial coeffcient of monomer-monomer interactions, irrespective of graft topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Borisov
- IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS UPPA, 64053 Pau, France
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - T. M. Birshtein
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Petrodvorets, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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22
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Bolisetty S, Harnau L, Jung JM, Mezzenga R. Gelation, Phase Behavior, and Dynamics of β-Lactoglobulin Amyloid Fibrils at Varying Concentrations and Ionic Strengths. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3241-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301005w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Bolisetty
- ETH Zurich, Food
and Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Health Science
and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO-E22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Harnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstrasse 3,
70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Theoretische und
Angewandte Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57,
70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jin-mi Jung
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Ch. Musée 3, CH-1700
Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Food
and Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Health Science
and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO-E22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Abstract
Abstract
The influence of dilute impurities on the structure of a fluid solvent is investigated theoretically. General arguments, which do not rely on particular models, are used to derive an extension of the Ornstein–Zernike form for the solvent structure factor at small scattering vectors. It is shown that dilute impurities can influence the solvent structure only if they are composed of ions with significantly different sizes. Non-ionic impurities or ions of similar size are shown to not alter the solvent structure qualitatively. This picture is compatible with available experimental data. The derived form of the solvent structure factor is expected to be useful to infer information on the impurity-solvent interactions form measured scattering intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Deutschland
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24
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Hsu HP, Paul W, Binder K. Understanding the Multiple Length Scales Describing the Structure of Bottle-brush Polymers by Monte Carlo Simulation Methods. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Zehm D, Laschewsky A, Heunemann P, Gradzielski M, Prévost S, Liang H, Rabe JP, Lutz JF. Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic semi-brush and dual brush block copolymers in solution and on surfaces. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Zettl U, Ballauff M, Harnau L. A fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study of macromolecular tracer diffusion in polymer solutions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:494111. [PMID: 21406777 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/49/494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the manner in which the dynamics of tracer polystyrene chains varies with the concentration of matrix polystyrene chains dissolved in toluene. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and theory, it is shown that the cooperative diffusion coefficient of the matrix polystyrene chains can be measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in the semidilute entangled concentration regime. In addition the self-diffusion coefficient of the tracer polystyrene chains can be detected for arbitrary concentrations. The measured cooperative diffusion coefficient is independent of the molecular weight of the tracer polystyrene chains because it is a characteristic feature of the transient entanglement network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie I, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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27
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Cao Q, Zuo C, Li L, Zhang N. Conformational Behavior of Bottle-Brush Polyelectrolytes with Charged and Neutral Side Chains. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Zettl U, Hoffmann ST, Koberling F, Krausch G, Enderlein J, Harnau L, Ballauff M. Self-Diffusion and Cooperative Diffusion in Semidilute Polymer Solutions As Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie I, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Enderlein
- Institute of Physics, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Harnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische und Angewandte Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Rosenfeldt S, Ballauff M, Lindner P, Harnau L. Structure and interaction of flexible dendrimers in concentrated solution. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:244901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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