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Chou PC, Lin FP, Hsu HL, Chang CJ, Lu CH, Chen JK. Electrorheological Sensor Encapsulating Microsphere Media for Plague Diagnosis with Rapid Visualization. ACS Sens 2020; 5:665-673. [PMID: 31869212 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plague is a disease infected by an etiological agent, which is transmitted from fleas to a variety of wildlife rodents. Therefore, rapid diagnosis of plague on-site in the field is important. Polystyrene microspheres (SMs) of 2.2 μm diameter were synthesized by emulsion polymerization to adsorb magnetic nanoparticles (FNs), resulting in core-/shell-structured microspheres that generate a significant contrast in relative permittivities between SMs and FNs. Electrorheological displays (EDs) consisting of two indium tin oxide glasses with spacers were constructed to contain core-/shell-structured SM/FN (SM@FN) solutions for observing their transmittance change. The ED encapsulating dispersed SM@FN solution exhibited an opaque state because light was scattered significantly without the application of an alternating electric field (AEF). In the presence of an AEF, the particle chaining behavior results in enhancement of the transmittance of ED. At a specific frequency, the so-called characteristic frequency (Fc), the transmittance reaches a maximum. Fc could be used as an indicator to mark the shell materials. The antibody of Yersinia pestis (ab-Yp) was coated onto the SM@FN as a biosensing medium. The Fc of ab-Yp-modified microspheres shifted from 200 to 750 kHz with antigen coupling of Y. pestis antigen (ag-Yp). In the absence of fluorescence labeling, the large change in ED transmittance could be visualized during the Y. pestis detection. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were ∼30 and ∼40 ng/μL, respectively, obtained within 30 s according to the highest transmittance of ED under the AEF at 750 kHz. Y. pestis detection was not affected by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus significantly. Compared with other common immunoassays, including the secondary immunochemical or enzyme-linked steps, this simple electrorheological sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity could be a candidate for on-site plague diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Chien Chou
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ping Lin
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Sec. 6, Minquan East Road, Neihu Dist., New Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Sec. 6, Minquan East Road, Neihu Dist., New Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen JK, Chang CJ. Fabrications and Applications of Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Films and Patterns on Surfaces: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:805-875. [PMID: 28788489 PMCID: PMC5453090 DOI: 10.3390/ma7020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, we have witnessed significant progress in developing high performance stimuli-responsive polymeric materials. This review focuses on recent developments in the preparation and application of patterned stimuli-responsive polymers, including thermoresponsive layers, pH/ionic-responsive hydrogels, photo-responsive film, magnetically-responsive composites, electroactive composites, and solvent-responsive composites. Many important new applications for stimuli-responsive polymers lie in the field of nano- and micro-fabrication, where stimuli-responsive polymers are being established as important manipulation tools. Some techniques have been developed to selectively position organic molecules and then to obtain well-defined patterned substrates at the micrometer or submicrometer scale. Methods for patterning of stimuli-responsive hydrogels, including photolithography, electron beam lithography, scanning probe writing, and printing techniques (microcontact printing, ink-jet printing) were surveyed. We also surveyed the applications of nanostructured stimuli-responsive hydrogels, such as biotechnology (biological interfaces and purification of biomacromoles), switchable wettability, sensors (optical sensors, biosensors, chemical sensors), and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
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Li CL, Chen JK, Fan SK, Ko FH, Chang FC. Electrorheological operation of low-/high-permittivity core/shell SiO2/Au nanoparticle microspheres for display media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:5650-5661. [PMID: 23016596 DOI: 10.1021/am301543h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized core/shell structures comprising monodisperse 3-μm SiO(2) microspheres and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, ca. 6.7 nm) as the core and shell components, respectively. Using a layer-by-layer cross-linking process with a dithiol cross-linking agent, we prepared low-permittivity AuNP-encapsulated high-permittivity SiO(2) core/shell microspheres with variable AuNP shell thicknesses. The dispersivity of the microspheres in solution was enhanced after grafting poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether thiol (PEG-SH) onto the AuNP layer on the SiO(2) microspheres. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed sesame ball-like structures for these SiO(2)@AuNP@PEG microspheres. We encapsulated aqueous dispersions of these SiO(2)@AuNP microspheres into sandwich structured displays (SSDs) to investigate their electrorheological properties, observing reversibly electroresponsive transmittance that is ideally suited for display applications. Increasing the thickness of the AuNP layer dramatically enhanced the stringing behavior of the SiO(2) microspheres, resulting in increased transmittance of the SSD. The response time of the electroresponsive electrorheological fluids also decreased significantly after modifying the SiO(2) with the AuNP layers. The effective permittivities of these composites could be predicted from the real (έ) and imaginary (έ́) parts of the Clausius-Mossotti formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Li
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen JK, Pai PC, Chang JY, Fan SK. pH-responsive one-dimensional periodic relief grating of polymer brush-gold nanoassemblies on silicon surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1935-1947. [PMID: 22423620 DOI: 10.1021/am201632e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we focus on the fabrication of the nanoassemblies consisting of the poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The employed process involves grafting of the PDMAEMA chains on an underlying substrate in a brush conformation followed by the immobilization of surface functionalized AuNPs by means of physical interaction (electrostatic attraction, entanglement, and hydrogen bonding). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis spectroscopy have been employed to characterize the prepared PDMAEMA-AuNP nanoassemblies. Polymer brushes possessing various thicknesses have been found to suppress the nanoparticles' aggregation and, hence, facilitate the surface coverage. Furthermore, we patterned the PDMAEMA-AuNP nanoassemblies as an one-dimensional periodic relief grating (OPRG). The subwavelength structure of OPRG has the optical features including artificial refractive index, form birefringence and resonance and band gap effects. A mean refractive index of the PDMAEMA-AuNP nanoassemblies can be controlled by the filling factors of the OPRG structure, so that a desired distribution of refractive index of the polymer brushes-gold OPRG under various stimuli can be realized. The employed approach is simple and highly versatile for the modification of surfaces with a wide range of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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