1
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Lopes Pereira EC, Soares BG, Silva AA, Barra GMO. Master batch approach for developing
PVDF
/
EVA
/
CNT
nanocomposites with co‐continuous morphology and improved electrical conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. Lopes Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bluma G. Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Engenharia Metalurgica e de Materiais, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Adriana A. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. O. Barra
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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2
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Chamakh MM, Mrlík M, Leadenham S, Bažant P, Osička J, AlMaadeed MAA, Erturk A, Kuřitka I. Vibration Sensing Systems Based on Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Microwave-Assisted Synthesized ZnO Star-Like Particles with Controllable Structural and Physical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122345. [PMID: 33255990 PMCID: PMC7761233 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) star-like filler addition to the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix, and its effect on the structural and physical properties and consequences to the vibration sensing performance. Microwave-assisted synthesis in open vessel setup was optimized for the preparation of the star-like shape of ZnO crystalline particles. The crystalline and star-like structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the PVDF-based composites were prepared using a spin-coating technique from solution. An investigation of the transformation of the α crystalline phase to the β crystalline phase of the neat PVDF matrix and with various filler concentrations was performed using Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which shows an enhanced β-phase from 44.1% to 66.4% for neat PVDF and PVDF with 10 wt.% of particles, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and investigation showed enhanced crystallinity and melting enthalpy of the composite systems in comparison to neat PVDF, since ZnO star-like particles act as nucleating agents. The impact of the filler content on the physical properties, such as thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, which are critical for the intended applications, were investigated as well, and showed that fabricated composites exhibit enhanced thermal stability. Because of its dynamic mechanical properties, the composites can still be utilized as flexible sensors. Finally, the vibration sensing capability was systematically investigated, and it was shown that the addition of ZnO star-like filler enhanced the value of the thickness mode d33 piezoelectric constant from 16.3 pC/N to 29.2 pC/N for neat PVDF and PVDF with 10 wt.% of ZnO star-like particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem M. Chamakh
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.M.C.); (M.A.A.A.)
| | - Miroslav Mrlík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (J.O.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-57-603-8027
| | - Stephen Leadenham
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Pavel Bažant
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (J.O.); (I.K.)
| | - Josef Osička
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (J.O.); (I.K.)
| | | | - Alper Erturk
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (J.O.); (I.K.)
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3
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Tang X, Pötschke P, Pionteck J, Li Y, Formanek P, Voit B. Tuning the Piezoresistive Behavior of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Carbon Nanotube Composites Using Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43125-43137. [PMID: 32897046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In conductive polymer composites (CPCs), which can be used as both strain sensors and materials with self-diagnosis capabilities for structural health monitoring, the piezoresistive sensitivity can be tuned by changing the electrical filler network structure, mainly influenced by the conductive filler content. Typically, the electrical resistance increases exponentially with strain, and the piezoresistive sensitivity and linearity cannot be improved simultaneously. In this work, we report a facile method to tune the piezoresistive behavior of melt-mixed poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/carbon nanotube (CNT, 0.75-2.0 wt %) composites using blending with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, 5-30 wt %). PVDF and PMMA are completely miscible in the melt state regardless of the proportion. For PVDF-rich blends, the crystallization of PVDF induces separation of the PVDF crystal region from the miscible PVDF/PMMA amorphous blend part during the cooling process. Addition of PMMA tuned the piezoresistive strain behavior and improved the electrical conductivity and toughness at the same time. The PVDF/PMMA/CNT composites show higher sensitivity at low strains than their PVDF/CNT counterparts with comparable initial resistivity. For example, ΔR/R0 at 5% strain is 18.6% for the PVDF(80)/PMMA(20) blend containing 0.75 wt % CNT versus 11.0% for PVDF containing 1 wt % CNT, both having a volume resistivity of around 104 Ω·cm. The PVDF/PMMA/CNT blend composites also show a less steep exponential increase in the sensing response at higher strains, indicating better linearity. These differences are due to the altered microstructure of the composites and the more homogeneous distribution of CNTs between the smaller and less numerous PVDF crystallites when PMMA is added. The concept of modifying the composite microstructure by adding another commercially available miscible polymer offers a simple and effective way to tune the piezoresistive behavior and improve mechanical properties of CPC sensor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Tang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yilong Li
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petr Formanek
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Mao HJ, Liu DF, Zhang N, Huang T, Kühnert I, Yang JH, Wang Y. Constructing a Microcapacitor Network of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Blends via Crystallization-Induced Phase Separation Toward High Dielectric Constant and Low Loss. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26444-26454. [PMID: 32425040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the distribution of nanoparticles and further constructing effective microcapacitors in polymer blends are important issues for developing high-performance polymer dielectric nanocomposites. The common method to control the selective localization of nanoparticles in an immiscible polymer blend is relatively difficult and it easily results in the accumulation of nanoparticles in one component, which usually leads to a dramatic increase of the dielectric loss in the nanocomposites. In this work, a novel strategy based on step-by-step crystallization has been proposed to tailor the refined distribution and dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a melt-miscible blend poly(butylene succinate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PBS/PVDF) through the crystallization-induced phase separation and the engineered interfacial affinity between CNTs and polymer components to acquire high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. The results reveal that PBS is excluded along the growth front of PVDF spherulites and locates in the margin areas of PVDF spherulites during the step-by-step crystallization process. Moreover, because of the higher interfacial interaction between CNTs and PBS, CNTs are located in the PBS-rich domain, resulting in a high concentration of CNTs in the interspherulites of PVDF. Thus, the dielectric constants of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by nearly 5-24 times compared with the nanocomposites achieved by quick cooling and, simultaneously, the dielectric loss of the nanocomposites is still maintained at a low level. This work shows that the step-by-step crystallization method can be used to fabricate the nanocomposites with a synergistic increase in the dielectric performance due to the formation of a refined microcapacitor assembly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that the dielectric constant of the nanocomposites can be greatly enhanced just through the crystallization-optimized distribution and dispersion of CNTs in immiscible polymer blends, and it possibly gives a new technical route for the fabrication of advanced dielectric composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Dan-Feng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ines Kühnert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Jing-Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
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5
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Xie YN, Liu DF, Sun DX, Yang JH, Qi XD, Wang Y. Crystallization and concentration fluctuation of miscible poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends containing carbon nanotubes: Molecular weight dependence of poly(methyl methacrylate). Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Liu D, Li W, Zhang N, Huang T, Yang J, Wang Y. Graphite oxide-driven miscibility in PVDF/PMMA blends: Assessment through dynamic rheology method. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Conducting melt blending of polystyrene and
EVA
copolymer with carbon nanotube assisted by phosphonium‐based ionic liquid. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Mao H, Zhang T, Zhang N, Huang T, Yang J, Wang Y. Largely restricted nucleation effect of carbon nanotubes in a miscible poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(butylene succinate) blend. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111 Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111 Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111 Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111 Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111 Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111 Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
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9
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Kim JM, Jang MG, Park DH, Kim WN. Effects of compatibilizer on the morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(N-methyl methacrylimide) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Mun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Anam-dong Seoul 136-713 South Korea
| | - Myung Geun Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Anam-dong Seoul 136-713 South Korea
| | - Dong Hyup Park
- Polymer Materials Team, Convergence Technology Division, Korea Conformity Laboratory; 199 Gasan Digital 1-ro Geumcheon-gu Seoul 153-803 South Korea
| | - Woo Nyon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Anam-dong Seoul 136-713 South Korea
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10
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Feng CX, Duan J, Yang JH, Huang T, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zheng XT, Zhou ZW. Carbon nanotubes accelerated poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystallization from miscible poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend and the resultant crystalline morphologies. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Feldman D. Polyblend Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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