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Cheng F, Chapman T, Zhang S, Morsch M, Chung R, Lee A, Rayner SL. Understanding age-related pathologic changes in TDP-43 functions and the consequence on RNA splicing and signalling in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102246. [PMID: 38401571 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a key component in RNA splicing which plays a crucial role in the aging process. In neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, TDP-43 can be mutated, mislocalised out of the nucleus of neurons and glial cells and form cytoplasmic inclusions. These TDP-43 alterations can lead to its RNA splicing dysregulation and contribute to mis-splicing of various types of RNA, such as mRNA, microRNA, and circular RNA. These changes can result in the generation of an altered transcriptome and proteome within cells, ultimately changing the diversity and quantity of gene products. In this review, we summarise the findings of novel atypical RNAs resulting from TDP-43 dysfunction and their potential as biomarkers or targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cheng
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tyler Chapman
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Selina Zhang
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Garamszegi SP, Brzostowicki DJ, Coyne TM, Vontell RT, Davis DA. TDP-43 and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in the Brain of a Harbor Porpoise Exposed to the Cyanobacterial Toxin BMAA. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38251257 PMCID: PMC10821503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans are well-regarded as sentinels for toxin exposure. Emerging studies suggest that cetaceans can also develop neuropathological changes associated with neurodegenerative disease. The occurrence of neuropathology makes cetaceans an ideal species for examining the impact of marine toxins on the brain across the lifespan. Here, we describe TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes in a beached harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that was exposed to a toxin produced by cyanobacteria called β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). We found pathogenic TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons throughout the cerebral cortex, midbrain and brainstem. P62/sequestosome-1, responsible for the autophagy of misfolded proteins, was observed in the amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Genes implicated in AD and TDP-43 neuropathology such as APP and TARDBP were expressed in the brain. AD neuropathological changes such as amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration and Hirano bodies were present in the hippocampus. These findings further support the development of progressive neurodegenerative disease in cetaceans and a potential causative link to cyanobacterial toxins. Climate change, nutrient pollution and industrial waste are increasing the frequency of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Cyanotoxins like BMAA that are associated with neurodegenerative disease pose an increasing public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brzostowicki
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas M. Coyne
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Regina T. Vontell
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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3
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Mishima T, Yuasa-Kawada J, Fujioka S, Tsuboi Y. Perry Disease: Bench to Bedside Circulation and a Team Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38255218 PMCID: PMC10813069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With technological applications, especially in genetic testing, new diseases have been discovered and new disease concepts have been proposed in recent years; however, the pathogenesis and treatment of these rare diseases are not as well established as those of common diseases. To demonstrate the importance of rare disease research, in this paper we focus on our research topic, Perry disease (Perry syndrome). Perry disease is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by parkinsonism, depression/apathy, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms including central hypoventilation and central sleep apnea. The pathological classification of Perry disease falls under TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathies. Patients with Perry disease exhibit DCTN1 mutations, which is the causative gene for the disease; they also show relatively uniform pathological and clinical features. This review summarizes recent findings regarding Perry disease from both basic and clinical perspectives. In addition, we describe technological innovations and outline future challenges and treatment prospects. We discuss the expansion of research from rare diseases to common diseases and the importance of collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Here, we highlight the importance of researching rare diseases as it contributes to a deeper understanding of more common diseases, thereby opening up new avenues for scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (T.M.); (J.Y.-K.); (S.F.)
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4
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Richardson PJ, Smith DP, de Giorgio A, Snetkov X, Almond-Thynne J, Cronin S, Mead RJ, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ. Janus kinase inhibitors are potential therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:47. [PMID: 37828541 PMCID: PMC10568794 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a poorly treated multifactorial neurodegenerative disease associated with multiple cell types and subcellular organelles. As with other multifactorial diseases, it is likely that drugs will need to target multiple disease processes and cell types to be effective. We review here the role of Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling in ALS, confirm the association of this signalling with fundamental ALS disease processes using the BenevolentAI Knowledge Graph, and demonstrate that inhibitors of this pathway could reduce the ALS pathophysiology in neurons, glia, muscle fibres, and blood cells. Specifically, we suggest that inhibition of the JAK enzymes by approved inhibitors known as Jakinibs could reduce STAT3 activation and modify the progress of this disease. Analysis of the Jakinibs highlights baricitinib as a suitable candidate due to its ability to penetrate the central nervous system and exert beneficial effects on the immune system. Therefore, we recommend that this drug be tested in appropriately designed clinical trials for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Cronin
- BenevolentAI, 15 MetroTech Centre, 8th FL, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J McDermott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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5
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Nag S, Schneider JA. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP43 encephalopathy (LATE) neuropathological change in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:525-541. [PMID: 37563264 PMCID: PMC10964248 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) is a focus of research in late-onset dementias. TDP43 pathology in the brain was initially identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and later in Alzheimer disease (AD), other neurodegenerative diseases and ageing. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP43 encephalopathy (LATE), recognized as a clinical entity in 2019, is characterized by amnestic dementia resembling AD dementia and occurring most commonly in adults over 80 years of age. Neuropathological findings in LATE, referred to as LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC), consist of neuronal and glial cytoplasmic TDP43 localized predominantly in limbic areas with or without coexisting hippocampal sclerosis and/or AD neuropathological change and without frontotemporal lobar degeneration or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology. LATE-NC is frequently associated with one or more coexisting pathologies, mainly AD neuropathological change. The focus of this Review is the pathology, genetic risk factors and nature of the cognitive impairments and dementia in pure LATE-NC and in LATE-NC associated with coexisting pathologies. As the clinical and cognitive profile of LATE is currently not easily distinguishable from AD dementia, it is important to develop biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of this condition in the clinic. The pathogenesis of LATE-NC should be a focus of future research to form the basis for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Nag
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Donadio V, Sturchio A, Rizzo G, Abu Rumeileh S, Liguori R, Espay AJ. Pathology vs pathogenesis: Rationale and pitfalls in the clinicopathology model of neurodegeneration. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:35-55. [PMID: 36796947 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative disorders, the term pathology is often implicitly referred to as pathogenesis. Pathology has been conceived as a window into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. This clinicopathologic framework posits that what can be identified and quantified in postmortem brain tissue can explain both premortem clinical manifestations and the cause of death, a forensic approach to understanding neurodegeneration. As the century-old clinicopathology framework has yielded little correlation between pathology and clinical features or neuronal loss, the relationship between proteins and degeneration is ripe for revisitation. There are indeed two synchronous consequences of protein aggregation in neurodegeneration: the loss of the soluble/normal proteins on one; the accrual of the insoluble/abnormal fraction of these proteins on the other. The omission of the first part in the protein aggregation process is an artifact of the early autopsy studies: soluble, normal proteins have disappeared, with only the remaining insoluble fraction amenable to quantification. We here review the collective evidence from human data suggesting that protein aggregates, known collectively as pathology, are the consequence of many biological, toxic, and infectious exposures, but may not explain alone the cause or pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Donadio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samir Abu Rumeileh
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Tamaki Y, Urushitani M. Molecular Dissection of TDP-43 as a Leading Cause of ALS/FTLD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012508. [PMID: 36293362 PMCID: PMC9604209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA binding protein involved in pivotal cellular functions, especially in RNA metabolism. Hyperphosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions are identified in the brain and spinal cord in most cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a substantial proportion of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases. TDP-43 dysfunctions and cytoplasmic aggregation seem to be the central pathogenicity in ALS and FTLD. Therefore, unraveling both the physiological and pathological mechanisms of TDP-43 may enable the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the current understanding of TDP-43 biology and pathology, describing the cellular processes involved in the pathogeneses of ALS and FTLD, such as post-translational modifications, RNA metabolism, liquid–liquid phase separation, proteolysis, and the potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tamaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Koyano S, Yagishita S, Tada M, Doi H, Uchihara T, Tanaka F. Parallel Appearance of Polyglutamine and Transactivation-Responsive DNA-Binding Protein 43 and Their Complementary Subcellular Localization in Brains of Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:535-544. [PMID: 35511239 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by mutations in the ATXN2 gene in which toxic effects are triggered by expanded polyglutamine repeats within ataxin-2. SCA2 is accompanied by motor neuron degeneration as occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the distribution patterns of ataxin-2 and transactivation-responsive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a major disease-related protein in ALS, in the CNS of 3 SCA2 patients. Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43)-positive lesions were widely distributed throughout the CNS and generally overlapped with 1C2 (expanded polyglutamine)-immunoreactive lesions. This distribution pattern is different from the pattern in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy. In SCA2, double immunostaining of TDP-43 and 1C2 in motor neurons revealed 3 staining patterns: cytoplasmic 1C2 and nuclear TDP-43, nucleocytoplasmic 1C2 and nuclear TDP-43, and nuclear 1C2 and cytoplasmic TDP-43, which reflect the early, active, and final stages of pathological change, respectively. The translocation of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm along with the translocation of 1C2 in the opposite direction indicates that nuclear accumulation of the disease-specific protein ataxin-2 affects the intracellular dynamics of TDP-43. Such a close interrelationship between mutant ataxin-2 and TDP-43 in the cell might account for the similarity of their distribution in the CNS of patients with SCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Koyano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saburo Yagishita
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe-Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Liao YZ, Ma J, Dou JZ. The Role of TDP-43 in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4223-4241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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The Role of Tau beyond Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040760. [PMID: 35453510 PMCID: PMC9026415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a need for reliable fluid biomarkers to improve differential diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of treatment response, particularly in the management of neurogenerative diseases that display an extreme variability in clinical phenotypes. In recent years, Tau protein has been progressively recognized as a valuable neuronal biomarker in several neurological conditions, not only Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid and serum Tau have been extensively investigated in several neurodegenerative disorders, from classically defined proteinopathy, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD), but also in inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), as a marker of axonal damage. In MS, total Tau (t-Tau) may represent, along with other proteins, a marker with diagnostic and prognostic value. In ALS, t-Tau and, mainly, the phosphorylated-Tau/t-Tau ratio alone or integrated with transactive DNA binding protein of ~43 kDa (TDP-43), may represent a tool for both diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other motoneuron diseases or tauopathies. Evidence indicated the crucial role of the Tau protein in the pathogenesis of PD and other parkinsonian disorders. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge regarding non-AD neurodegenerative diseases and the Tau protein.
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Ramic M, Andrade NS, Rybin MJ, Esanov R, Wahlestedt C, Benatar M, Zeier Z. Epigenetic Small Molecules Rescue Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and DNA Damage Phenotypes in C9ORF72 ALS/FTD. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111543. [PMID: 34827542 PMCID: PMC8616043 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease with available treatments only marginally slowing progression or improving survival. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the C9ORF72 gene is the most commonly known genetic cause of both sporadic and familial cases of ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The C9ORF72 expansion mutation produces five dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), and while the mechanistic determinants of DPR-mediated neurotoxicity remain incompletely understood, evidence suggests that disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport and increased DNA damage contributes to pathology. Therefore, characterizing these disturbances and determining the relative contribution of different DPRs is needed to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for C9ALS/FTD. To this end, we generated a series of nucleocytoplasmic transport “biosensors”, composed of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), fused to different classes of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and nuclear export signals (NESs). Using these biosensors in conjunction with automated microscopy, we investigated the role of the three most neurotoxic DPRs (PR, GR, and GA) on seven nuclear import and two export pathways. In addition to other DPRs, we found that PR had pronounced inhibitory effects on the classical nuclear export pathway and several nuclear import pathways. To identify compounds capable of counteracting the effects of PR on nucleocytoplasmic transport, we developed a nucleocytoplasmic transport assay and screened several commercially available compound libraries, totaling 2714 compounds. In addition to restoring nucleocytoplasmic transport efficiencies, hits from the screen also counteract the cytotoxic effects of PR. Selected hits were subsequently tested for their ability to rescue another C9ALS/FTD phenotype—persistent DNA double strand breakage. Overall, we found that DPRs disrupt multiple nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways and we identified small molecules that counteract these effects—resulting in increased viability of PR-expressing cells and decreased DNA damage markers in patient-derived motor neurons. Several HDAC inhibitors were validated as hits, supporting previous studies that show that HDAC inhibitors confer therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ramic
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Nadja S. Andrade
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Matthew J. Rybin
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Rustam Esanov
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Zane Zeier
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-1367
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12
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Spencer PS. Parkinsonism and motor neuron disorders: Lessons from Western Pacific ALS/PDC. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120021. [PMID: 34635325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recognized worldwide as an unusual "overlap" syndrome, Parkinsonism and motor neuron disease, with or without dementia, is best exemplified by the former high-incidence clusters of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) in Guam, USA, in the Kii Peninsula of Honshu Island, Japan, and in Papua, Indonesia, on the western side of New Guinea. Western Pacific ALS/PDC is a disappearing neurodegenerative disorder with multiple and sometime overlapping phenotypes (ALS, atypical parkinsonism, dementia) that appear to constitute a single disease of environmental origin, in particular from exposure to genotoxins/neurotoxins in seed of cycad plants (Cycas spp.) formerly used as a traditional source of food (Guam) and/or medicine (Guam, Kii-Japan, Papua-Indonesia). Seed compounds include the principal cycad toxin cycasin, its active metabolite methylazoxymethanol (MAM) and a non-protein amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA); each reproduces components of ALS/PDC neuropathology when individually administered to laboratory species in single doses perinatally (MAM, L-BMAA) or repeatedly for prolonged periods to young adult animals (L-BMAA). Human exposure to MAM, a potent DNA-alkylating mutagen, also has potential relevance to the high incidence of diverse mutations found among Guamanians with/without ALS/PDC. In sum, seven decades of intensive study of ALS/PDC has revealed field and laboratory approaches leading to discovery of disease etiology that are now being applied to sporadic neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS beyond the Western Pacific region. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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13
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Davis DA, Garamszegi SP, Banack SA, Dooley PD, Coyne TM, McLean DW, Rotstein DS, Mash DC, Cox PA. BMAA, Methylmercury, and Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Dolphins: A Natural Model of Toxin Exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100697. [PMID: 34678990 PMCID: PMC8540894 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dolphins are well-regarded sentinels for toxin exposure and can bioaccumulate a cyanotoxin called β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) that has been linked to human neurodegenerative disease. The same dolphins also possessed hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting a possible association between toxin exposure and neuropathology. However, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in dolphins and the impact cyanotoxins have on these processes are unknown. Here, we evaluate BMAA exposure by investigating transcription signatures using PCR for dolphin genes homologous to those implicated in AD and related dementias: APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, GRN, TARDBP, and C9orf72. Immunohistochemistry and Sevier Münger silver staining were used to validate neuropathology. Methylmercury (MeHg), a synergistic neurotoxicant with BMAA, was also measured using PT-GC-AFS. We report that dolphins have up to a three-fold increase in gene transcription related to Aβ+ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and TDP-43+ intracytoplasmic inclusions. The upregulation of gene transcription in our dolphin cohort paralleled increasing BMAA concentration. In addition, dolphins with BMAA exposures equivalent to those reported in AD patients displayed up to a 14-fold increase in AD-type neuropathology. MeHg was detected (0.16–0.41 μg/g) and toxicity associated with exposure was also observed in the brain. These results demonstrate that dolphins develop neuropathology associated with AD and exposure to BMAA and MeHg may augment these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.P.G.); (P.D.D.); (D.W.M.); (D.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.P.G.); (P.D.D.); (D.W.M.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Sandra Anne Banack
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA; (S.A.B.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Patrick D. Dooley
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.P.G.); (P.D.D.); (D.W.M.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Thomas M. Coyne
- Office of the District 21 Medical Examiner, Fort Myers, FL 33907, USA;
| | - Dylan W. McLean
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.P.G.); (P.D.D.); (D.W.M.); (D.C.M.)
| | | | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.P.G.); (P.D.D.); (D.W.M.); (D.C.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA
| | - Paul Alan Cox
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA; (S.A.B.); (P.A.C.)
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14
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Klim JR, Pintacuda G, Nash LA, Guerra San Juan I, Eggan K. Connecting TDP-43 Pathology with Neuropathy. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:424-440. [PMID: 33832769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), a multifunctional nucleic acid-binding protein, is a primary component of insoluble aggregates associated with several devastating nervous system disorders; mutations in TARDBP, its encoding gene, are a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we review established and emerging roles of TDP-43 and consider how its dysfunction impinges on RNA homeostasis in the nervous system, thereby contributing to neural degeneration. Notably, improper splicing of the axonal growth-associated factor STMN2 has recently been connected to TDP-43 dysfunction, providing a mechanistic link between TDP-43 proteinopathies and neuropathy. This review highlights how a deep understanding of the function of TDP-43 in the brain might be leveraged to develop new targeted therapies for several neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Klim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Greta Pintacuda
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leslie A Nash
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Irune Guerra San Juan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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15
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Ra D, Sa B, Sl B, Js M, Sj M, DA D, Ew S, O K, Eb B, Ad C, Vx T, Gg G, Pa C, Dc M, Wg B. Is Exposure to BMAA a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Response to a Critical Review of the BMAA Hypothesis. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:81-106. [PMID: 33547590 PMCID: PMC7904546 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a literature survey, Chernoff et al. (2017) dismissed the hypothesis that chronic exposure to β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) may be a risk factor for progressive neurodegenerative disease. They question the growing scientific literature that suggests the following: (1) BMAA exposure causes ALS/PDC among the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam; (2) Guamanian ALS/PDC shares clinical and neuropathological features with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS; (3) one possible mechanism for protein misfolds is misincorporation of BMAA into proteins as a substitute for L-serine; and (4) chronic exposure to BMAA through diet or environmental exposures to cyanobacterial blooms can cause neurodegenerative disease. We here identify multiple errors in their critique including the following: (1) their review selectively cites the published literature; (2) the authors reported favorably on HILIC methods of BMAA detection while the literature shows significant matrix effects and peak coelution in HILIC that may prevent detection and quantification of BMAA in cyanobacteria; (3) the authors build alternative arguments to the BMAA hypothesis, rather than explain the published literature which, to date, has been unable to refute the BMAA hypothesis; and (4) the authors erroneously attribute methods to incorrect studies, indicative of a failure to carefully consider all relevant publications. The lack of attention to BMAA research begins with the review's title which incorrectly refers to BMAA as a "non-essential" amino acid. Research regarding chronic exposure to BMAA as a cause of human neurodegenerative diseases is emerging and requires additional resources, validation, and research. Here, we propose strategies for improvement in the execution and reporting of analytical methods and the need for additional and well-executed inter-lab comparisons for BMAA quantitation. We emphasize the need for optimization and validation of analytical methods to ensure that they are fit-for-purpose. Although there remain gaps in the literature, an increasingly large body of data from multiple independent labs using orthogonal methods provides increasing evidence that chronic exposure to BMAA may be a risk factor for neurological illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunlop Ra
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA.
| | - Banack Sa
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA
| | - Bishop Sl
- Lewis Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Metcalf Js
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA
| | - Murch Sj
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Davis DA
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stommel Ew
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Karlsson O
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brittebo Eb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tan Vx
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Ryde, Australia
| | - Guillemin Gg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Ryde, Australia
| | - Cox Pa
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA
| | - Mash Dc
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Bradley Wg
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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16
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Davis DA, Cox PA, Banack SA, Lecusay PD, Garamszegi SP, Hagan MJ, Powell JT, Metcalf JS, Palmour RM, Beierschmitt A, Bradley WG, Mash DC. l-Serine Reduces Spinal Cord Pathology in a Vervet Model of Preclinical ALS/MND. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:393-406. [PMID: 32077471 PMCID: PMC7092359 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The early neuropathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) are protein aggregates in motor neurons and microglial activation. Similar pathology characterizes Guamanian ALS/Parkinsonism dementia complex, which may be triggered by the cyanotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA). We report here the occurrence of ALS/MND-type pathological changes in vervets (Chlorocebus sabaeus; n = 8) fed oral doses of a dry powder of BMAA HCl salt (210 mg/kg/day) for 140 days. Spinal cords and brains from toxin-exposed vervets were compared to controls fed rice flour (210 mg/kg/day) and to vervets coadministered equal amounts of BMAA and l-serine (210 mg/kg/day). Immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis were used to examine markers of ALS/MND and glial activation. UHPLC-MS/MS was used to confirm BMAA exposures in dosed vervets. Motor neuron degeneration was demonstrated in BMAA-dosed vervets by TDP-43+ proteinopathy in anterior horn cells, by reactive astrogliosis, by activated microglia, and by damage to myelinated axons in the lateral corticospinal tracts. Vervets dosed with BMAA + l-serine displayed reduced neuropathological changes. This study demonstrates that chronic dietary exposure to BMAA causes ALS/MND-type pathological changes in the vervet and coadministration of l-serine reduces the amount of reactive gliosis and the number of protein inclusions in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Paul Alan Cox
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Brain Chemistry Labs, Jackson Hole, Wyoming
| | - Sandra Anne Banack
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Brain Chemistry Labs, Jackson Hole, Wyoming
| | | | | | - Matthew J Hagan
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Roberta M Palmour
- Behavioural Science Foundation, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Behavioural Science Foundation, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies
| | - Walter G Bradley
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida
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17
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de Boer EMJ, Orie VK, Williams T, Baker MR, De Oliveira HM, Polvikoski T, Silsby M, Menon P, van den Bos M, Halliday GM, van den Berg LH, Van Den Bosch L, van Damme P, Kiernan MC, van Es MA, Vucic S. TDP-43 proteinopathies: a new wave of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 92:jnnp-2020-322983. [PMID: 33177049 PMCID: PMC7803890 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inclusions of pathogenic deposits containing TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are evident in the brain and spinal cord of patients that present across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, the majority of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (up to 97%) and a substantial proportion of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (~45%) exhibit TDP-43 positive neuronal inclusions, suggesting a role for this protein in disease pathogenesis. In addition, TDP-43 inclusions are evident in familial ALS phenotypes linked to multiple gene mutations including the TDP-43 gene coding (TARDBP) and unrelated genes (eg, C9orf72). While TDP-43 is an essential RNA/DNA binding protein critical for RNA-related metabolism, determining the pathophysiological mechanisms through which TDP-43 mediates neurodegeneration appears complex, and unravelling these molecular processes seems critical for the development of effective therapies. This review highlights the key physiological functions of the TDP-43 protein, while considering an expanding spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathogenic TDP-43 deposition, and dissecting key molecular pathways through which TDP-43 may mediate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Johanna de Boer
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viyanti K Orie
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Williams
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark R Baker
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hugo M De Oliveira
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Silsby
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Parvathi Menon
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehdi van den Bos
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Vucic
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Western Pacific ALS-PDC: Evidence implicating cycad genotoxins. J Neurol Sci 2020; 419:117185. [PMID: 33190068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS-PDC) is a disappearing neurodegenerative disorder of apparent environmental origin formerly hyperendemic among Chamorros of Guam-USA, Japanese residents of the Kii Peninsula, Honshu Island, Japan and Auyu-Jakai linguistic groups of Papua-Indonesia on the island of New Guinea. The most plausible etiology is exposure to genotoxins in seed of neurotoxic cycad plants formerly used for food and/or medicine. Primary suspicion falls on methylazoxymethanol (MAM), the aglycone of cycasin and on the non-protein amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, both of which are metabolized to formaldehyde. Human and animal studies suggest: (a) exposures occurred early in life and sometimes during late fetal brain development, (b) clinical expression of neurodegenerative disease appeared years or decades later, and (c) pathological changes in various tissues indicate the disease was not confined to the CNS. Experimental evidence points to toxic molecular mechanisms involving DNA damage, epigenetic changes, transcriptional mutagenesis, neuronal cell-cycle reactivation and perturbation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that led to polyproteinopathy and culminated in neuronal degeneration. Lessons learned from research on ALS-PDC include: (a) familial disease may reflect common toxic exposures across generations, (b) primary disease prevention follows cessation of exposure to culpable environmental triggers; and (c) disease latency provides a prolonged period during which to intervene therapeutically. Exposure to genotoxic chemicals ("slow toxins") in the early stages of life should be considered in the search for the etiology of ALS-PDC-related neurodegenerative disorders, including sporadic forms of ALS, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease.
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19
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Verheijen BM, Lussier C, Müller-Hübers C, Garruto RM, Oyanagi K, Braun RJ, van Leeuwen FW. Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response and Proteostasis Disturbance in Parkinsonism-Dementia of Guam. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:34-45. [PMID: 31750913 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism-dementia (G-PD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder among the native inhabitants of the Mariana Islands that manifests clinically with parkinsonism as well as dementia. Neuropathologically, G-PD is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), and neuronal loss. The mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in G-PD are poorly understood. Here, we report that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in G-PD brains. Specifically, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and phosphorylated (activated) ER stress sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase accumulate in G-PD brains. Furthermore, proteinaceous aggregates in G-PD brains are found to contain several proteins related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy pathway, two major mechanisms for intracellular protein degradation. In particular, a mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1), whose presence is a marker for UPS dysfunction, is shown to accumulate in G-PD brains. We demonstrate that UBB+1 is a potent modifier of TDP-43 aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that UPR activation and intracellular proteolytic pathways are intimately connected with the accumulation of aggregated proteins in G-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Celina Lussier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Cora Müller-Hübers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Ralf J Braun
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
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20
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Josephs KA, Mackenzie I, Frosch MP, Bigio EH, Neumann M, Arai T, Dugger BN, Ghetti B, Grossman M, Hasegawa M, Herrup K, Holton J, Jellinger K, Lashley T, McAleese KE, Parisi JE, Revesz T, Saito Y, Vonsattel JP, Whitwell JL, Wisniewski T, Hu W. LATE to the PART-y. Brain 2020; 142:e47. [PMID: 31359030 PMCID: PMC6736234 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwesterm University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Brittany N Dugger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana, IL, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janice Holton
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamas Revesz
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yuko Saito
- National Center of Neurology and Pathology Brain Bank, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - William Hu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Structure of an Unfolding Intermediate of an RRM Domain of ETR-3 Reveals Its Native-like Fold. Biophys J 2020; 118:352-365. [PMID: 31866002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of one or more partially folded intermediates during protein unfolding with different secondary and ternary conformations has been identified as an integral character of protein unfolding. These transition-state species need to be characterized structurally for elucidation of their folding pathways. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of an intermediate state with increased conformational space sampling under urea-denaturing condition. The protein unfolds completely at 10 M urea but retains residual secondary structural propensities with restricted motion. Here, we describe the native state, observable intermediate state, and unfolded state for ETR-3 RRM-3, which has canonical RRM fold. These observations can shed more light on unfolding events for RRM-containing proteins.
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22
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Laos V, Bishop D, Lang CA, Marsh NM, Cantrell KL, Buratto SK, Singh AK, Bowers MT. Modulating ALS-Related Amyloidogenic TDP-43 307-319 Oligomeric Aggregates with Computationally Derived Therapeutic Molecules. Biochemistry 2019; 59:499-508. [PMID: 31846303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 aggregates are a salient feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and a variety of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). With an anticipated growth in the most susceptible demographic, projections predict neurodegenerative diseases will potentially affect 15 million people in the United States by 2050. Currently, there are no cures for ALS, FTD, or AD. Previous studies of the amyloidogenic core of TDP-43 have demonstrated that oligomers greater than a trimer are associated with toxicity. Utilizing a joint pharmacophore space (JPS) method, potential drugs have been designed specifically for amyloid-related diseases. These molecules were generated on the basis of key chemical features necessary for blood-brain barrier permeability, low adverse side effects, and target selectivity. Combining ion-mobility mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy with the JPS computational method allows us to more efficiently evaluate a potential drug's efficacy in disrupting the development of putative toxic species. Our results demonstrate the dissociation of higher-order oligomers in the presence of these novel JPS-generated inhibitors into smaller oligomer species. Additionally, drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ALS were also evaluated and demonstrated to maintain higher-order oligomeric assemblies. Possible mechanisms for the observed action of the JPS molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Laos
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Dezmond Bishop
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | | | - Nicole M Marsh
- Department of Chemistry , Westmont College , Santa Barbaraa , California 93108 , United States
| | - Kristi Lazar Cantrell
- Department of Chemistry , Westmont College , Santa Barbaraa , California 93108 , United States
| | - Steven K Buratto
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Ambuj K Singh
- Department of Computer Science , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5110 , United States
| | - Michael T Bowers
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
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23
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François-Moutal L, Perez-Miller S, Scott DD, Miranda VG, Mollasalehi N, Khanna M. Structural Insights Into TDP-43 and Effects of Post-translational Modifications. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:301. [PMID: 31920533 PMCID: PMC6934062 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have gathered and presented structural information on the different regions of TDP-43 with high resolution structures available. A thorough understanding of TDP-43 structure, effect of modifications, aggregation and sites of localization is necessary as we develop therapeutic strategies targeting TDP-43 for neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how different domains as well as post-translational modification may influence TDP-43 overall structure, aggregation and droplet formation. The primary aim of the review is to utilize structural insights as we develop an understanding of the deleterious behavior of TDP-43 and highlight locations of established and proposed post-translation modifications. TDP-43 structure and effect on localization is paralleled by many RNA-binding proteins and this review serves as an example of how structure may be modulated by numerous compounding elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Victor G Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
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24
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Quadri Z, Johnson N, Zamudio F, Miller A, Peters M, Smeltzer S, Hunt JB, Housley SB, Brown B, Kraner S, Norris CM, Nash K, Weeber E, Lee DC, Selenica MLB. Overexpression of human wtTDP-43 causes impairment in hippocampal plasticity and behavioral deficits in CAMKII-tTa transgenic mouse model. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 102:103418. [PMID: 31705957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current study utilizes the adeno-associated viral gene transfer system in the CAMKIIα-tTA mouse model to overexpress human wild type TDP-43 (wtTDP-43) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) proteins. The co-existence of these proteins is evident in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Parkinson disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). METHODS The novel bicistronic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 9 drives wtTDP-43 and α-Syn expression in the hippocampus via "TetO" CMV promoter. Behavior, electrophysiology, and biochemical and histological assays were used to validate neuropathology. RESULTS We report that overexpression of wtTDP-43 but not α-Syn contributes to hippocampal CA2-specific pyramidal neuronal loss and overall hippocampal atrophy. Further, we report a reduction of hippocampal long-term potentiation and decline in learning and memory performance of wtTDP-43 expressing mice. Elevated wtTDP-43 levels induced selective degeneration of Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP-4) positive neurons while both wtTDP-43 and α-Syn expression reduced subsets of the glutamate receptor expression in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest the significant vulnerability of hippocampal neurons toward elevated wtTDP-43 levels possibly via PCP-4 and GluR-dependent calcium signaling pathways. Further, we report that wtTDP-43 expression induced selective CA2 subfield degeneration, contributing to the deterioration of the hippocampal-dependent cognitive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Frank Zamudio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Abraian Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melinda Peters
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shayna Smeltzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jerry B Hunt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven B Housley
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Breanna Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susan Kraner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edwin Weeber
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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25
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Spencer PS. Hypothesis: Etiologic and Molecular Mechanistic Leads for Sporadic Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Experience With Western Pacific ALS/PDC. Front Neurol 2019; 10:754. [PMID: 31417480 PMCID: PMC6685391 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy years of research on Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) have provided invaluable data on the etiology, molecular pathogenesis and latency of this disappearing, largely environmental neurodegenerative disease. ALS/PDC is linked to genotoxic chemicals (notably methylazoxymethanol, MAM) derived from seed of the cycad plant (Cycas spp.) that were used as a traditional food and/or medicine in all three disease-affected Western Pacific populations. MAM, nitrosamines and hydrazines generate methyl free radicals that damage DNA (in the form of O6-methylguanine lesions) that can induce mutations in cycling cells and degenerative changes in post-mitotic cells, notably neurons. This paper explores exposures to naturally occurring and manmade sources of nitrosamines and hydrazines in association with sporadic forms of ALS (with or without frontotemporal degeneration), progressive supranuclear palsy, and Alzheimer disease. Research approaches are suggested to examine whether these associations might have etiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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26
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Coudert L, Nonaka T, Bernard E, Hasegawa M, Schaeffer L, Leblanc P. Phosphorylated and aggregated TDP-43 with seeding properties are induced upon mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) polyglutamine expression in human cellular models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2615-2632. [PMID: 30863908 PMCID: PMC11105362 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tar DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) and its phosphorylated isoform (pTDP-43) are the major components associated with ubiquitin positive/Tau-negative inclusions found in neurons and glial cells of patients suffering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP). Many studies have revealed that TDP-43 is also in the protein inclusions associated with neurodegenerative conditions other than ALS and FTLD-TDP, thus suggesting that this protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. In brains of Huntington-affected patients, pTDP-43 aggregates were shown to co-localize with mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) inclusions. Here, we show that expression of mHtt carrying 80-97 polyglutamines repeats in human cell cultures induces the aggregation and the phosphorylation of endogenous TDP-43, whereas non-pathological Htt with 25 polyglutamines repeats has no effect. Mutant Htt aggregation precedes accumulation of pTDP-43 and pTDP-43 co-localizes with mHtt inclusions reminding what it was previously described in brains of Huntington-affected patients. Detergent-insoluble fractions from cells expressing mHtt and containing mHtt-pTDP-43 co-aggregates can function as seeds for further TDP-43 aggregation in human cell culture. The human cellular prion protein PrPC was previously identified as a negative modulator of mHtt aggregation; here, we show that PrPC-mediated reduction of mHtt aggregation is tightly correlated with a decrease of TDP-43 aggregation and phosphorylation, thus confirming the close relationships between TDP-43 and mHtt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Coudert
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C et Centre SLA de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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27
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Makkinejad N, Schneider JA, Yu J, Leurgans SE, Kotrotsou A, Evia AM, Bennett DA, Arfanakis K. Associations of amygdala volume and shape with transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in a community cohort of older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:104-111. [PMID: 30784812 PMCID: PMC6486844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology is common in old age and is strongly associated with cognitive decline and dementia above and beyond contributions from other neuropathologies. TDP-43 pathology in aging typically originates in the amygdala, a brain region also affected by other age-related neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's pathology. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to determine the independent effects of TDP-43 pathology on the volume, as well as shape, of the amygdala in a community cohort of older adults, and to determine the contribution of amygdala volume to the variance of the rate of cognitive decline after accounting for the contributions of neuropathologies and demographics. Cerebral hemispheres from 198 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study were imaged with MRI ex vivo and underwent neuropathologic examination. Measures of amygdala volume and shape were extracted for all participants. Regression models controlling for neuropathologies and demographics showed an independent negative association of TDP-43 with the volume of the amygdala. Shape analysis revealed a unique pattern of amygdala deformation associated with TDP-43 pathology. Finally, mixed-effects models showed that amygdala volume explained an additional portion of the variance of the rate of decline in global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, and perceptual speed, above and beyond what was explained by demographics and neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Makkinejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junxiao Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aikaterini Kotrotsou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arnold M Evia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Mitra J, Guerrero EN, Hegde PM, Liachko NF, Wang H, Vasquez V, Gao J, Pandey A, Taylor JP, Kraemer BC, Wu P, Boldogh I, Garruto RM, Mitra S, Rao KS, Hegde ML. Motor neuron disease-associated loss of nuclear TDP-43 is linked to DNA double-strand break repair defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4696-4705. [PMID: 30770445 PMCID: PMC6410842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818415116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome damage and their defective repair have been etiologically linked to degenerating neurons in many subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; however, the specific mechanisms remain enigmatic. The majority of sporadic ALS patients feature abnormalities in the transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), whose nucleo-cytoplasmic mislocalization is characteristically observed in spinal motor neurons. While emerging evidence suggests involvement of other RNA/DNA binding proteins, like FUS in DNA damage response (DDR), the role of TDP-43 in DDR has not been investigated. Here, we report that TDP-43 is a critical component of the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway. TDP-43 is rapidly recruited at DSB sites to stably interact with DDR and NHEJ factors, specifically acting as a scaffold for the recruitment of break-sealing XRCC4-DNA ligase 4 complex at DSB sites in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons. shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conditional depletion of TDP-43 markedly increases accumulation of genomic DSBs by impairing NHEJ repair, and thereby, sensitizing neurons to DSB stress. Finally, TDP-43 pathology strongly correlates with DSB repair defects, and damage accumulation in the neuronal genomes of sporadic ALS patients and in Caenorhabditis elegans mutant with TDP-1 loss-of-function. Our findings thus link TDP-43 pathology to impaired DSB repair and persistent DDR signaling in motor neuron disease, and suggest that DSB repair-targeted therapies may ameliorate TDP-43 toxicity-induced genome instability in motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Erika N Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, India
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
- Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, India
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Arvind Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Brian C Kraemer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - K S Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030;
- Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10065
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
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29
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Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30837838 PMCID: PMC6382748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of patients with the motor neuron diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While the majority of ALS cases (90-95%) are sporadic (sALS), among familial ALS cases 5-10% involve the inheritance of mutations in the TARDBP gene and the remaining (90-95%) are due to mutations in other genes such as: C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, and NEK1 etc. Strikingly however, the majority of sporadic ALS patients (up to 97%) also contain the TDP-43 protein deposited in the neuronal inclusions, which suggests of its pivotal role in the ALS pathology. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the TDP-43 pathology seems central to the ALS therapeutics, hence, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the TDP-43's pathology in ALS. We discuss the roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS. Also, we evaluate TDP-43's amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions. Finally, we describe the various evolving TDP-43-induced toxicity mechanisms, such as the impairment of endocytosis and mitotoxicity etc. and also discuss the emerging strategies toward TDP-43 disaggregation and ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Basant K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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30
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Riancho J, Bosque-Varela P, Perez-Pereda S, Povedano M, de Munaín AL, Santurtun A. The increasing importance of environmental conditions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:1361-1374. [PMID: 29713861 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons (MNs). Although a small percentage of ALS has a familial origin, the vast majority of cases are sporadic in which genetic factors and environment interact with each other leading to disease onset in genetically predisposed individuals. In the current model of the disease, each individual has a determined genetic load, some degree of cell degeneration related to age and several risky environmental exposures. In this scenario, MN degeneration would occur when the sum of these factors reach a certain threshold. To date, an extensive list of environmental factors has been associated to ALS, including different categories, such as exposure to heavy metals and other toxicants, cyanotoxins or infectious agents. In addition, in recent years, lifestyle and other demographic parameters are gaining relevance in the genesis of the disease. Among them, physical activity, nutrition, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, autoimmune diseases and cancer are some of the conditions which have been related to the disease. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanisms of environmental conditions in motor neuron degeneration. Understanding the role of each one of these factors as well as their interactions appears as a crucial step in order to develop new preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana, Institute of Research Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Torrelavega, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Bosque-Varela
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Pereda
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Service of Neurology-Motor Neuron Unit, IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munaín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- ALS Multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Donostia- Neuroscience Area, Donostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Santurtun
- Toxicology Unit, Physiology and Farmacology Department, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Verheijen BM, Oyanagi K, van Leeuwen FW. Dysfunction of Protein Quality Control in Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam. Front Neurol 2018; 9:173. [PMID: 29615966 PMCID: PMC5869191 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism–dementia complex (G-PDC) is an enigmatic neurodegenerative disease that is endemic to the Pacific island of Guam. G-PDC patients are clinically characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and parkinsonism. Neuropathologically, G-PDC is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles, which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein, and neuronal loss. Although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, the etiology and pathogenesis of G-PDC remain unknown. Recent neuropathological studies have provided new clues about the pathomechanisms involved in G-PDC. For example, deposition of abnormal components of the protein quality control system in brains of G-PDC patients indicates a role for proteostasis imbalance in the disease. This opens up promising avenues for new research on G-PDC and could have important implications for the study of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.,Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Abstract
The most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are all protein-misfolding diseases and are characterized by the presence of disease-specific protein aggregates in affected neuronal cells. Recent studies have shown that, like tau and α-synuclein, TAR-DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) can form aggregates in vitro in a seed-dependent, self-templating, prion-like manner. Insoluble TDP-43 prepared from the brains of patients has been classified into several strains, which can be transferred from cell to cell in vitro, suggesting the involvement of mechanisms reminiscent of those by which prions spread through the nervous system. The idea that aberrant TDP-43 aggregates propagate in a prion-like manner between cells presents the possibility of novel therapeutic strategies to block spreading of these aggregates throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 156-8506
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 156-8506
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein that plays a key causative role in several neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the ALS/FTD spectrum. In addition, its aberrant aggregation and expression has been recently observed in other type of diseases, such as myopathies and Niemann-Pick C, a lysosomal storage disease. Areas covered: This review aims to specifically cover the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can affect TDP-43 function and cellular status both in health and disease. To this date, these include phosphorylation, formation of C-terminal fragments, disulfide bridge formation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and sumoylation. Recently published articles on these subjects have been reviewed in this manuscript. Expert opinion: Targeting aberrant TDP-43 expression in neurodegenerative diseases is a very challenging task due to the fact that both its overexpression and downregulation are considerably toxic to cells. This characteristic makes it difficult to therapeutically target this protein in a generalized manner. An alternative approach could be the identification of specific aberrant PTMs that promote its aggregation or toxicity, and developing novel therapeutic approaches toward their selective modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- a Department of Molecular Pathology , International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Trieste , Italy
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Scott LL, Downing TG. A Single Neonatal Exposure to BMAA in a Rat Model Produces Neuropathology Consistent with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:E22. [PMID: 29286334 PMCID: PMC5793109 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cyanobacterial β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), no BMAA animal model has reproduced all the neuropathology typically associated with these neurodegenerative diseases. We present here a neonatal BMAA model that causes β-amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau, TDP-43 inclusions, Lewy bodies, microbleeds and microgliosis as well as severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus, striatum, substantia nigra pars compacta, and ventral horn of the spinal cord in rats following a single BMAA exposure. We also report here that BMAA exposure on particularly PND3, but also PND4 and 5, the critical period of neurogenesis in the rodent brain, is substantially more toxic than exposure to BMAA on G14, PND6, 7 and 10 which suggests that BMAA could potentially interfere with neonatal neurogenesis in rats. The observed selective toxicity of BMAA during neurogenesis and, in particular, the observed pattern of neuronal loss observed in BMAA-exposed rats suggest that BMAA elicits its effect by altering dopamine and/or serotonin signaling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Louise Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77 000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
| | - Timothy Grant Downing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77 000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
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Mimuro M, Yoshida M, Kuzuhara S, Kokubo Y. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex of the Hohara focus of the Kii Peninsula: A multiple proteinopathy? Neuropathology 2017; 38:98-107. [PMID: 29063640 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) has been previously known in the Kii Peninsula of Japan and in Guam. Recently, the accumulation of various proteins, such as tau, trans-activation response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), and alpha-synuclein (αSyn), was reported in the brains of patients with ALS/PDC in Guam. To confirm whether similar findings are present in Kii ALS/PDC, we neuropathologically examined the brains and spinal cords of 18 patients with ALS/PDC (clinical diagnoses: eight ALS and 10 PDC) in Hohara Village, which is the eastern focus of Kii ALS. The average age at death was 71.6 years, and 16 patients (88.9%) had a family history of ALS/PDC. Autopsy specimens were immunohistochemically examined with antibodies against four major proteins. Neurofibrillary tangles, including ghost tangles, and tau-positive astrocytes were distributed widely in all of the brains examined, and TDP-43-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were observed mainly in the limbic system. Synuclein pathology was present in 14 patients (77.8%). These patients were classified into three pathological subtypes according to the most prominent proteinopathy: the tauopathy-dominant type, the TDP-43 proteinopathy-dominant type, and the synucleinopathy-dominant type. Five patients with severe tau deposition showed clinical features of atypical parkinsonism and dementia with or without motor neuron disease. Eight patients were predominated by phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions and clinically showed ALS, and five patients were predominated by synuclein pathology and clinically showed signs of PDC. Based on the common characteristic tau pathology, three subtypes seemed to be pathologically continuous on a spectrum of a single disease. Thus, we conclude that ALS/PDC in the Hohara focus of the Kii Peninsula is a single disease characterized neuropathologically by a multiple proteinopathy, even though the clinical manifestations of the three subtypes differed from each other. It remains unclear whether the coexistence of the three proteinopathies was incidental or pathogenetically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mimuro
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuzuhara
- School of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Mie University, Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Tsu, Japan
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36
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Takeda T. Possible concurrence of TDP-43, tau and other proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropathology 2017; 38:72-81. [PMID: 28960544 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been regarded as a major component of ubiquitin-positive/tau-negative inclusions of motor neurons and the frontotemporal cortices in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), an example of tau-positive inclusions, are biochemically and morphologically distinguished from TDP-43-positive inclusions, and are one of the pathological core features of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although ALS/FTLD and AD are distinct clinical entities, they can coexist in an individual patient. Whether concurrence of ALS/FTLD-TDP-43 and AD-tau is incidental is still controversial, because aging is a common risk factor for ALS/FTLD and AD development. Indeed, it remains unclear whether the pathogenesis of ALS/FTLD is a direct causal link to tau accumulation. Recent studies suggested that AD pathogenesis could cause the accumulation of TDP-43, while abnormal TDP-43 accumulation could also lead to abnormal tau expression. Overlapping presence of TDP-43 and tau, when observed in a brain during autopsy, should attract attention, and should initiate the search for the pathological substrate for this abnormal protein accumulation. In addition to tau, other proteins including α-synuclein and amyloid β should be also taken into account as candidates for an interaction with TDP-43. Awareness of a possible comorbidity between TDP-43, tau and other proteins in patients with ALS/FTLD will be useful for our understanding of the influence of these proteins on the disease development and its clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takeda
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Chen T, Turner BJ, Beart PM, Sheehan-Hennessy L, Elekwachi C, Muyderman H. Glutathione monoethyl ester prevents TDP-43 pathology in motor neuronal NSC-34 cells. Neurochem Int 2017; 112:278-287. [PMID: 28818672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognised as central in a range of neurological diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a disease characterised by fast progressing death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Cellular pathology includes cytosolic protein aggregates in motor neurons and glia of which potentially cytotoxic hyper-phosphorylated fragments of the Transactive response DNA Binding Protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) constitute a major component. This is closely associated with an additional loss of nuclear TDP-43 expression indicating a "loss of function" mechanism, accelerating motor neuron (MN) loss. Furthermore, mutations in TDP-43 cause familial ALS and ALS-like disease in animal models. In this study, we investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) in modulating oxidative stress responses in TDP-43 pathology in motor neuron NSC-34 cells. Results demonstrate that depletion of GSH produces pathology similar to that of mutant TDP-43, including occurrence of cytosolic aggregates, TDP-43 phosphorylation and nuclear clearing of endogenous TDP-43. We also demonstrate that introduction of mutant TDP-43A315T and silencing of endogenous TDP-43, but not overexpression of wild-type TDP-43, result in similar pathology, including depletion of intracellular GSH, possibly resulting from a decreased expression of a regulatory subunit of ɣ-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Importantly, treatment of mutant cells with GSH monoethyl ester (GSHe) that directly increases intracellular GSH and bypasses the need for GSH synthesis, protected against mutant-induced TDP-43 pathology, including reducing aggregate formation, nuclear clearance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Our data strongly suggest that oxidative stress is central to TDP-43 pathology and may result from a loss of function affecting GSH synthesis and that treatments directly aimed at restoring cellular GSH content may be beneficial in preventing cell death in TDP-43-mediated ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Centre for Neuroscience and Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip M Beart
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lucy Sheehan-Hennessy
- Centre for Neuroscience and Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chinasom Elekwachi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hakan Muyderman
- Centre for Neuroscience and Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Chernoff N, Hill DJ, Diggs DL, Faison BD, Francis BM, Lang JR, Larue MM, Le TT, Loftin KA, Lugo JN, Schmid JE, Winnik WM. A critical review of the postulated role of the non-essential amino acid, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, in neurodegenerative disease in humans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:1-47. [PMID: 28598725 PMCID: PMC6503681 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1297592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The compound BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) has been postulated to play a significant role in four serious neurological human diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) found on Guam, and ALS, Parkinsonism, and dementia that occur globally. ALS/PDC with symptoms of all three diseases first came to the attention of the scientific community during and after World War II. It was initially associated with cycad flour used for food because BMAA is a product of symbiotic cycad root-dwelling cyanobacteria. Human consumption of flying foxes that fed on cycad seeds was later suggested as a source of BMAA on Guam and a cause of ALS/PDC. Subsequently, the hypothesis was expanded to include a causative role for BMAA in other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) through exposures attributed to proximity to freshwaters and/or consumption of seafood due to its purported production by most species of cyanobacteria. The hypothesis that BMAA is the critical factor in the genesis of these neurodegenerative diseases received considerable attention in the medical, scientific, and public arenas. This review examines the history of ALS/PDC and the BMAA-human disease hypotheses; similarities and differences between ALS/PDC and the other diseases with similar symptomologies; the relationship of ALS/PDC to other similar diseases, studies of BMAA-mediated effects in lab animals, inconsistencies and data gaps in the hypothesis; and other compounds and agents that were suggested as the cause of ALS/PDC on Guam. The review concludes that the hypothesis of a causal BMAA neurodegenerative disease relationship is not supported by existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Chernoff
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D. J. Hill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D. L. Diggs
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Internship/Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - B. D. Faison
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B. M. Francis
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J. R Lang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Internship/Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M. M. Larue
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Internship/Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - T.-T. Le
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Internship/Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - J. N. Lugo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - J. E. Schmid
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - W. M. Winnik
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Gómez-Pinedo U, Villar-Quiles RN, Galán L, Matías-Guiu JA, Benito-Martin MS, Guerrero-Sola A, Moreno-Ramos T, Matías-Guiu J. Immununochemical Markers of the Amyloid Cascade in the Hippocampus in Motor Neuron Diseases. Front Neurol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27877154 PMCID: PMC5099138 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several findings suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the amyloid cascade may play a role in motor neuron disease (MND). OBJECTIVE Considering that dementia is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and that hippocampus is one of the brain areas with greater presence of amyloid-related changes in neurodegenerative diseases, our aim was to analyze the molecular markers of the amyloid cascade of APP in pathology studies of the hippocampus of autopsied patients with ALS and ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD). METHODS We included nine patients with MND and four controls. Immunohistochemical studies and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the expression of APP, TDP-43, pho-TDP-43, Aβ, APP intracellular cytoplasmatic domain (AICD) peptide, Fe65 protein, and pho-TAU in the hippocampus of seven patients with ALS, two patients with ALS-FTD, and four controls. These findings were correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Patients displayed increased expression of APP and Aβ peptide. The latter was correlated with cytoplasmic pho-TDP-43 expression. We also found decreased Fe65 expression. A parallel increase in AICD expression was not found. Patients showed increased expression of pho-TAU in the hippocampus. Findings were similar in patients with ALS and those with ALS-FTD, though more marked in the latter group. CONCLUSION Post-mortem analyses showed that the amyloid cascade is activated in the hippocampus of patients with MND and correlated with cytoplasmic pho-TDP-43 expression. The number of intracellular or extracellular aggregates of Aβ peptides was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rocio N Villar-Quiles
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lucia Galán
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria S Benito-Martin
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Teresa Moreno-Ramos
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Guerrero EN, Wang H, Mitra J, Hegde PM, Stowell SE, Liachko NF, Kraemer BC, Garruto RM, Rao KS, Hegde ML. TDP-43/FUS in motor neuron disease: Complexity and challenges. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 145-146:78-97. [PMID: 27693252 PMCID: PMC5101148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a common motor neuron disease affecting two per 100,000 people worldwide, encompasses at least five distinct pathological subtypes, including, ALS-SOD1, ALS-C9orf72, ALS-TDP-43, ALS-FUS and Guam-ALS. The etiology of a major subset of ALS involves toxicity of the TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). A second RNA/DNA binding protein, fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) has been subsequently associated with about 1% of ALS patients. While mutations in TDP-43 and FUS have been linked to ALS, the key contributing molecular mechanism(s) leading to cell death are still unclear. One unique feature of TDP-43 and FUS pathogenesis in ALS is their nuclear clearance and simultaneous cytoplasmic aggregation in affected motor neurons. Since the discoveries in the last decade implicating TDP-43 and FUS toxicity in ALS, a majority of studies have focused on their cytoplasmic aggregation and disruption of their RNA-binding functions. However, TDP-43 and FUS also bind to DNA, although the significance of their DNA binding in disease-affected neurons has been less investigated. A recent observation of accumulated genomic damage in TDP-43 and FUS-linked ALS and association of FUS with neuronal DNA damage repair pathways indicate a possible role of deregulated DNA binding function of TDP-43 and FUS in ALS. In this review, we discuss the different ALS disease subtypes, crosstalk of etiopathologies in disease progression, available animal models and their limitations, and recent advances in understanding the specific involvement of RNA/DNA binding proteins, TDP-43 and FUS, in motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N. Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pavana M. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sara E. Stowell
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Ralph M. Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - K. S. Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
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41
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Abstract
The causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are largely unknown, and may always be multiple, including environmental factors. Monogenetic determinants of ALS are involved in roughly 20% of all cases (including 10% familial cases). Less well understood multigenetic causes may contribute to another 20% to 80%. Environmental factors likely play a role in the development of ALS in susceptible individuals, but proved causation remains elusive. This article discusses the possible factors of male gender (males are selectively exposed to different influences, or genetically predisposed to be susceptible), smoking, military service, exercise, electrical exposure, heavy metals, agricultural chemicals, and geographic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Oskarsson
- UC Davis Multidisciplinary ALS Clinic, An ALS Association Certified Center of Excellence, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - D Kevin Horton
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, ATSDR/CDC, 4770 Buford Highway Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street, Floor 9, New York, NY 10032, USA
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42
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Nelson PT, Trojanowski JQ, Abner EL, Al-Janabi OM, Jicha GA, Schmitt FA, Smith CD, Fardo DW, Wang WX, Kryscio RJ, Neltner JH, Kukull WA, Cykowski MD, Van Eldik LJ, Ighodaro ET. "New Old Pathologies": AD, PART, and Cerebral Age-Related TDP-43 With Sclerosis (CARTS). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:482-98. [PMID: 27209644 PMCID: PMC6366658 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology-based classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases is a work in progress that is important for both clinicians and basic scientists. Analyses of large autopsy series, biomarker studies, and genomics analyses have provided important insights about AD and shed light on previously unrecognized conditions, enabling a deeper understanding of neurodegenerative diseases in general. After demonstrating the importance of correct disease classification for AD and primary age-related tauopathy, we emphasize the public health impact of an underappreciated AD "mimic," which has been termed "hippocampal sclerosis of aging" or "hippocampal sclerosis dementia." This pathology affects >20% of individuals older than 85 years and is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide an overview of current hypotheses about how genetic risk factors (GRN, TMEM106B, ABCC9, and KCNMB2), and other pathogenetic influences contribute to TDP-43 pathology and hippocampal sclerosis. Because hippocampal sclerosis of aging affects the "oldest-old" with arteriolosclerosis and TDP-43 pathologies that extend well beyond the hippocampus, more appropriate terminology for this disease is required. We recommend "cerebral age-related TDP-43 and sclerosis" (CARTS). A detailed case report is presented, which includes neuroimaging and longitudinal neurocognitive data. Finally, we suggest a neuropathology-based diagnostic rubric for CARTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC).
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Erin L Abner
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Omar M Al-Janabi
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Charles D Smith
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - David W Fardo
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Janna H Neltner
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Walter A Kukull
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Eseosa T Ighodaro
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
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Coan G, Mitchell CS. An Assessment of Possible Neuropathology and Clinical Relationships in 46 Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Autopsies. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 15:301-12. [PMID: 26183171 DOI: 10.1159/000433581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested overlapping pathological features among motor neuron, cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases. AIMS/METHODS Secondary analysis of 46 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient autopsies was performed to independently assess pathological feature prevalence (e.g. percent of patients with any positive finding), degree of severity (e.g. mild, moderate, severe), and 2,200+ potential clinical/neuropathological correlations. The possible impact of gender, onset age, onset type (limb vs. bulbar), riluzole treatment, and severe TDP-43 pathology was assessed within patient subgroups. RESULTS Assessed features (prevalence, severity) include: lateral corticospinal tract degeneration (89%, moderate); Purkinje cell loss (85%, mild); localized neuronal loss (83%, mild to moderate); TDP-43 inclusions (80%, moderate); Betz cell loss (76%, mild); neurofibrillary tangles (78%, severe); anterior corticospinal tract degeneration (72%, moderate); spinal ventral root atrophy (65%, moderate); atherosclerosis (35%, mild); β-amyloid (35%, mild); tauopathy/tau inclusions (17%, mild); ventricular dilation (13%, mild); Lewy body formation (11%, mild); microinfarcts (7%, mild); and α-synuclein (4%, mild). Twenty-two percent of patients met criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 26% for frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Substantial differences were identified in the AD group and in the different onset age groups. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that ALS and its variants could comprise a larger neuropathological continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Coan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Up to half of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may have cognitive difficulty, but most cognitive measures are confounded by a motor component. Studies relating impaired cognition in ALS to disease in gray matter and white matter are rare. Our objective was to assess executive function in patients with ALS using a simple, untimed measure with minimal motor demands, and to relate performance to structural disease. METHODS We gave the Visual-Verbal Test to 56 patients with ALS and 29 matched healthy controls. This brief, untimed measure of cognitive flexibility first assesses participants' ability to identify a feature shared by 3 of 4 simple geometric designs. The participants' cognitive flexibility is challenged when they are next asked to identify a different feature shared by another combination of 3 of the same 4 geometric designs. In a subset of 17 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, regression analyses related test performance to gray matter atrophy and reduced white matter fractional anisotropy. RESULTS The patients with ALS showed significant impairment in cognitive flexibility (P<0.01), with 48.2% making an error on the test. Regression analyses related impaired cognitive flexibility to gray matter atrophy in inferior frontal and insular regions, and to reduced fractional anisotropy in white matter projections in the inferior fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi and corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS Our patients with ALS had impaired cognitive flexibility on an untimed measure with minimal motor demands, a finding related in part to a large-scale frontal network that is degraded in ALS.
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45
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Irwin DJ, Cairns NJ, Grossman M, McMillan CT, Lee EB, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: defining phenotypic diversity through personalized medicine. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:469-91. [PMID: 25549971 PMCID: PMC4369168 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) comprises two main classes of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuronal/glial proteinaceous inclusions (i.e., proteinopathies) including tauopathies (i.e., FTLD-Tau) and TDP-43 proteinopathies (i.e., FTLD-TDP) while other very rare forms of FTLD are known such as FTLD with FUS pathology (FTLD-FUS). This review focuses mainly on FTLD-Tau and FLTD-TDP, which may present as several clinical syndromes: a behavioral/dysexecutive syndrome (behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia); language disorders (primary progressive aphasia variants); and motor disorders (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome). There is considerable heterogeneity in clinical presentations of underlying neuropathology and current clinical criteria do not reliably predict underlying proteinopathies ante-mortem. In contrast, molecular etiologies of hereditary FTLD are consistently associated with specific proteinopathies. These include MAPT mutations with FTLD-Tau and GRN, C9orf72, VCP and TARDBP with FTLD-TDP. The last decade has seen a rapid expansion in our knowledge of the molecular pathologies associated with this clinically and neuropathologically heterogeneous group of FTLD diseases. Moreover, in view of current limitations to reliably diagnose specific FTLD neuropathologies prior to autopsy, we summarize the current state of the science in FTLD biomarker research including neuroimaging, biofluid and genetic analyses. We propose that combining several of these biomarker modalities will improve diagnostic specificity in FTLD through a personalized medicine approach. The goals of these efforts are to enhance power for clinical trials focused on slowing or preventing progression of spread of tau, TDP-43 and other FTLD-associated pathologies and work toward the goal of defining clinical endophenotypes of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Irwin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Corey T. McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward B. Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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46
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Oyanagi K, Yamazaki M, Hashimoto T, Asakawa M, Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H. Hippocampal sclerosis in the parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam: quantitative examination of neurons, neurofibrillary tangles, and TDP-43 immunoreactivity in CA1. Neuropathology 2015; 35:224-35. [PMID: 25783521 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area in the hippocampus of the parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) of Guam was examined quantitatively with special references to the number of neurons, intraneuronal (i) and extracellular (e) neurofibirillary tangles (NFTs), and TDP-43 (43-kDa trans-activation-responsive region DNA-binding protein)-immunopositive structures, in 24 Chamorro patients with PDC of Guam and seven control Chamorro Guamanians (both groups having no ischemic or anoxic complications). The results were that: (i) in the patients with mildly involved PDC, total numbers of neurons, iNFTs and eNFTs were almost the same as those of neurons of controls; (ii) in patients severely involved, total numbers of neurons, iNFTs and eNFTs decreased markedly; (iii) the decrease of the number of pyramidal neurons in CA1 with positive nuclear TDP-43 was intimately correlated with the decrease in total neuron numbers; (iv) whereas the numbers of neurons and TDP-43-immunopositive intracytoplasmic aggregation in the CA1 area were inversely correlated; and (v) depression of nuclear TDP-43 immuonostainability was not affected by the presence or absence of NFTs. In conclusion, hippocampal sclerosis exists in PDC; there is a possibility of elimination of eNFTs which appeared in the CA1 in patients with PDC and loss of the neurons correlates with disappearance of nuclear TDP-43, but not with appearance of intraneurocytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation or iNFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mineo Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hashimoto
- Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mika Asakawa
- Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Steele JC, Guella I, Szu-Tu C, Lin MK, Thompson C, Evans DM, Sherman HE, Vilariño-Güell C, Gwinn K, Morris H, Dickson DW, Farrer MJ. Defining neurodegeneration on Guam by targeted genomic sequencing. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:458-68. [PMID: 25558820 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex has been described in Guam, Western Papua, and the Kii Peninsula of Japan. The etiology and pathogenesis of this complex neurodegenerative disease remains enigmatic. METHODS In this study, we have used targeted genomic sequencing to evaluate the contribution of genetic variability in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and dementia in Guamanian Chamorros. RESULTS Genes previously linked to or associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, dementia, and related neurodegenerative syndromes were sequenced in Chamorro subjects living in the Mariana Islands. Homozygous PINK1 p.L347P, heterozygous DCTN1 p.T54I, FUS p.P431L, and HTT (42 CAG repeats) were identified as pathogenic mutations. INTERPRETATION The findings explain the clinical, pathologic, and genetic heterogeneity observed in some multi-incident families and contribute to the excess incidence of neurodegeneration previously reported on Guam.
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Kertesz A, Finger E, Murrell J, Chertkow H, Ang LC, Baker M, Ravenscroft T, Rademakers R, Munoz DG. Progressive supranuclear palsy in a family with TDP-43 pathology. Neurocase 2015; 21:178-84. [PMID: 24479957 PMCID: PMC4116482 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2013.878729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A member of a family with an autosomal dominant pattern of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with a TDP-43 pathological substrate in other members and no mutations in FTD-associated genes developed behavioral variant FTD followed by Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Autopsy revealed a pure tauopathy of PSP pattern. CONCLUSIONS The findings raise the possibility of shared pathogenic pathways and a proximal genetic abnormality between PSP and FTLD-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kertesz
- a Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences , Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario , 39 Doncaster Ave, London , ON , N6G 2A1 , Canada
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Crary JF, Trojanowski JQ, Schneider JA, Abisambra JF, Abner EL, Alafuzoff I, Arnold SE, Attems J, Beach TG, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW, Gearing M, Grinberg LT, Hof PR, Hyman BT, Jellinger K, Jicha GA, Kovacs GG, Knopman DS, Kofler J, Kukull WA, Mackenzie IR, Masliah E, McKee A, Montine TJ, Murray ME, Neltner JH, Santa-Maria I, Seeley WW, Serrano-Pozo A, Shelanski ML, Stein T, Takao M, Thal DR, Toledo JB, Troncoso JC, Vonsattel JP, White CL, Wisniewski T, Woltjer RL, Yamada M, Nelson PT. Primary age-related tauopathy (PART): a common pathology associated with human aging. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:755-66. [PMID: 25348064 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 986] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We recommend a new term, "primary age-related tauopathy" (PART), to describe a pathology that is commonly observed in the brains of aged individuals. Many autopsy studies have reported brains with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that are indistinguishable from those of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in the absence of amyloid (Aβ) plaques. For these "NFT+/Aβ-" brains, for which formal criteria for AD neuropathologic changes are not met, the NFTs are mostly restricted to structures in the medial temporal lobe, basal forebrain, brainstem, and olfactory areas (bulb and cortex). Symptoms in persons with PART usually range from normal to amnestic cognitive changes, with only a minority exhibiting profound impairment. Because cognitive impairment is often mild, existing clinicopathologic designations, such as "tangle-only dementia" and "tangle-predominant senile dementia", are imprecise and not appropriate for most subjects. PART is almost universally detectable at autopsy among elderly individuals, yet this pathological process cannot be specifically identified pre-mortem at the present time. Improved biomarkers and tau imaging may enable diagnosis of PART in clinical settings in the future. Indeed, recent studies have identified a common biomarker profile consisting of temporal lobe atrophy and tauopathy without evidence of Aβ accumulation. For both researchers and clinicians, a revised nomenclature will raise awareness of this extremely common pathologic change while providing a conceptual foundation for future studies. Prior reports that have elucidated features of the pathologic entity we refer to as PART are discussed, and working neuropathological diagnostic criteria are proposed.
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50
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McCluskey L, Vandriel S, Elman L, Van Deerlin VM, Powers J, Boller A, Wood EM, Woo J, McMillan CT, Rascovsky K, Grossman M. ALS-Plus syndrome: non-pyramidal features in a large ALS cohort. J Neurol Sci 2014; 345:118-24. [PMID: 25086858 PMCID: PMC4177937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. METHODS In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. RESULTS Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, p<0.001), and pathogenic mutations (20.0% vs 8.4%, p=0.015) were more than twice as common in ALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. CONCLUSIONS ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shannon Vandriel
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Powers
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashley Boller
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elisabeth McCarty Wood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Woo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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