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Chen P, Zhao K, Zhang H, Wei Y, Wang P, Wang D, Song C, Yang H, Zhang Z, Yao H, Qu Y, Kang X, Du K, Fan L, Han T, Yu C, Zhou B, Jiang T, Zhou Y, Lu J, Han Y, Zhang X, Liu B, Liu Y. Altered global signal topography in Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104455. [PMID: 36758481 PMCID: PMC9941064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with widespread disruptions in intrinsic local specialization and global integration in the functional system of the brain. These changes in integration may further disrupt the global signal (GS) distribution, which might represent the local relative contribution to global activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS fMRI scans from a discovery dataset (n = 809) and a validated dataset (n = 542) were used in the analysis. We investigated the alteration of GS topography using the GS correlation (GSCORR) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. The association between GS alterations and functional network properties was also investigated based on network theory. The underlying mechanism of GSCORR alterations was elucidated using imaging-transcriptomics. FINDINGS Significantly increased GS topography in the frontal lobe and decreased GS topography in the hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, caudate, and middle temporal gyrus were observed in patients with AD (Padj < 0.05). Notably, topographical GS changes in these regions correlated with cognitive ability (P < 0.05). The changes in GS topography also correlated with the changes in functional network segregation (ρ = 0.5). Moreover, the genes identified based on GS topographical changes were enriched in pathways associated with AD and neurodegenerative diseases. INTERPRETATION Our findings revealed significant changes in GS topography and its molecular basis, confirming the informative role of GS in AD and further contributing to the understanding of the relationship between global and local neuronal activities in patients with AD. FUNDING Beijing Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars, China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China; National Natural Science Foundation, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pindong Chen
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbin Wei
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Chengyuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hongxiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yida Qu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Kang
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Du
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Han
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognition Neuroscience & Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.
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Verde F, Aiello EN, Adobbati L, Poletti B, Solca F, Tiloca C, Sangalli D, Maranzano A, Muscio C, Ratti A, Zago S, Ticozzi N, Frisoni GB, Silani V. Coexistence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1383-1399. [PMID: 37694369 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and review the literature about the coexistence of the two entities, highlighting the following: mean age at onset is 63.8 years, with slight female predominance; ALS tends to manifest after cognitive impairment and often begins in the bulbar region; average disease duration is 3 years; cognitive phenotype is mostly amnestic; the pattern of brain involvement is, in most cases, consistent with AD. Our case and the reviewed ones suggest that patients with ALS and dementia lacking unequivocal features of FTD should undergo additional examinations in order to recognize AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Adobbati
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Sangalli
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Alessio Maranzano
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Muscio
- Neurology-5 (Neuropathology) Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zago
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Frisoni
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Di Mambro A, Esposito M. Thirty years of SET/TAF1β/I2PP2A: from the identification of the biological functions to its implications in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20221280. [PMID: 36345878 PMCID: PMC9679398 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding for the protein SE translocation (SET) was identified for the first time 30 years ago as part of a chromosomal translocation in a patient affected by leukemia. Since then, accumulating evidence have linked overexpression of SET, aberrant SET splicing, and cellular localization to cancer progression and development of neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. Molecular biology tools, such as targeted genetic deletion, and pharmacological approaches based on SET antagonist peptides, have contributed to unveil the molecular functions of SET and its implications in human pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the functions of SET as inhibitor of histone and non-histone protein acetylation and as a potent endogenous inhibitor of serine-threonine phosphatase PP2A. We discuss the role of SET in multiple cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling and gene transcription, DNA repair, oxidative stress, cell cycle, apoptosis cell migration and differentiation. We review the molecular mechanisms linking SET dysregulation to tumorigenesis and discuss how SET commits neurons to progressive cell death in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the rationale of exploiting SET as a therapeutic target for cancer and neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Mambro
- The Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- The Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
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Liu Y, Guo C, Ding Y, Long X, Li W, Ke D, Wang Q, Liu R, Wang JZ, Zhang H, Wang X. Blockage of AEP attenuates TBI-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairments in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19421-19439. [PMID: 33040048 PMCID: PMC7732271 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is regarded as a high-risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), a lysosomal cysteine protease involved in AD pathogenesis, is normally activated under acidic conditions and also in TBI. However, both the molecular mechanism underlying AEP activation-mediated TBI-related AD pathologies, and the role of AEP as an AD therapeutic target, still remain unclear. Here, we report that TBI induces hippocampus dependent cognitive deficit and synaptic dysfunction, accompanied with AEP activation, I2PP2A (inhibitor 2 of PP2A, also called SET) mis-translocation from neuronal nucleus to cytoplasm, an obvious increase in AEP interaction with SET, and tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampus of rats. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), mimicking an acidic condition, also leads to AEP activation, SET mis-translocation, PP2A inhibition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and a decrease in synaptic proteins, all of which are abrogated by AEP inhibitor AENK in primary neurons. Interestingly, AENK restores SET back to the nucleus, mitigates tau pathologies, rescuing TBI-induced cognitive deficit in rats. These findings highlight a novel etiopathogenic mechanism of TBI-related AD, which is initiated by AEP activation, accumulating SET in cytoplasm, and favoring tau pathology and cognitive impairments. Lowering AEP activity by AEP inhibitor would be beneficial to AD patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaobing Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, JS, China
| | - Huaqiu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, JS, China
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5
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Distribution of SET/I2PP2A protein in gastrointestinal tissues. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222845. [PMID: 31557212 PMCID: PMC6762106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SET (also called I2PP2A and TIF-1) is a multi-functional protein that regulates a variety of cell signaling including nucleosome assembly, histone binding, and tumorigenesis. Elevated SET protein levels are observed in various human tumors, and are correlated with poor prognosis and drug-resistance. We recently reported that SET protein levels in cancer cells were positively correlated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Using immunohistochemistry, SET protein was observed not only in cancer cells, but also in some interstitial cells. However, the tissue distribution of SET has not been investigated. Here we performed co-immunofluorescent staining to characterize SET protein distribution in gastrointestinal tissues. We found that even though the positive rate is much lower than epithelial cells, SET protein is also expressed in non-epithelial cells, such as monocytes/macrophages, neural cells, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Our results indicate an extensive role of SET in a variety of cell types.
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Inflammation-dependent ISG15 upregulation mediates MIA-induced dendrite damages and depression by disrupting NEDD4/Rap2A signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1477-1489. [PMID: 30826466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immune activation (MIA) is an independent risk factor for psychiatric disorders including depression spectrum in the offsprings, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Recent studies show that interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) is involved in inflammation and neuronal dendrite development; here we studied the role of ISG15 in MIA-induced depression and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS By vena caudalis injecting polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) into the pregnant rats to mimic MIA, we used AAV or lentivirus to introduce or silence ISG15 expression. Synaptic plasticity was detected by confocal microscope and Golgi staining. Cognitive performances of the offspring were measured by Open field, Forced swimming and Sucrose preference test. RESULTS We found that MIA induced depression-like behaviors with dendrite impairments in the offspring with ISG15 level increased in the offsprings' brain. Overexpressing ISG15 in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal cubs (P0) could mimic dendritic pathology and depressive like behaviors, while downregulating ISG15 rescued these abnormalities in the offsprings. Further studies demonstrated that MIA-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines promoted ISG15 expression in the offspring' brain which suppressed Rap2A ubiquitination via NEDD4 and thus induced Rap2A accumulation, while upregulating NEDD4 abolished ISG15-induced dendrite impairments. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that MIA impedes offsprings' dendrite development and causes depressive like behaviors by upregulating ISG15 and suppressing NEDD4/Rap2A signaling. The current findings suggest that inhibiting ISG15 may be a promising intervention of MIA-induced psychiatric disorders in the offsprings.
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Hu W, Wen L, Cao F, Wang Y. Down-Regulation of Mir-107 Worsen Spatial Memory by Suppressing SYK Expression and Inactivating NF-ΚB Signaling Pathway. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:135-145. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666181212154347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder
in a central nervous system seen.
Objective:
We aimed to study the miR-107 in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology through regulating
SYK and NF-κB signaling pathway.
</P><P>
Method: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen NF-κB signaling pathway and differentially
expressed genes. The target relationship between miR-107 and SYK was verified by dual luciferase assay.
QRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to verify the expression level of miR-107, SYK and NF-
κB signaling pathway related proteins of hippocampus primary neurons. BAY61-3606 and BAY11-7082
were purchased for functional examination. Morris water maze tests were performed to access spatial
memory of AD mice with SYK and NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition. Fluorescence microscope dyeing
experiment investigated the neurons nuclear form and apoptosis.
Results:
MiR-107 was lowly expressed while SYK was highly expressed in Tg19959 mouse model. Luciferase
Assay confirmed the target relationship in miR-107 and SYK. With the inhibition of miR-107,
SYK was up-regulated and the increase of p-p65 and the decrease of p-IκB-α suggested that NF-κB signaling
pathway was activated in vitro. Morris water maze test indicated that the spatial memory of
Tg19959 mice was increased with the treatment. The result of DAPI staining indicated that the inhibition
of SYK or NF-κB signaling pathway reduced the apoptosis of Tg19959 mice neuron cell.
Conclusion:
MiR-107 exerts its effects through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway and SYK,
the inhibition of SYK and NF-κB signaling pathway can improve spatial memory and suppress cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
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Miller SJ, Glatzer JC, Hsieh YC, Rothstein JD. Cortical astroglia undergo transcriptomic dysregulation in the G93A SOD1 ALS mouse model. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:322-335. [PMID: 30398075 PMCID: PMC6444185 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1513508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astroglia are the most abundant glia cell in the central nervous system, playing essential roles in maintaining homeostasis. Key functions of astroglia include, but are not limited to, neurotransmitter recycling, ion buffering, immune modulation, neurotrophin secretion, neuronal synaptogenesis and elimination, and blood-brain barrier maintenance. In neurological diseases, it is well appreciated that astroglia play crucial roles in the disease pathogenesis. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron degenerative disease, astroglia in the spinal cord and cortex downregulate essential transporters, among other proteins, that exacerbate disease progression. Spinal cord astroglia undergo dramatic transcriptome dysregulation. However, in the cortex, it has not been well studied what effects glia, especially astroglia, have on upper motor neurons in the pathology of ALS. To begin to shed light on the involvement and dysregulation that astroglia undergo in ALS, we isolated pure grey-matter cortical astroglia and subjected them to microarray analysis. We uncovered a vast number of genes that show dysregulation at end-stage in the ALS mouse model, G93A SOD1. Many of these genes play essential roles in ion homeostasis and the Wnt-signaling pathway. Several of these dysregulated genes are common in ALS spinal cord astroglia, while many of them are unique. This database serves as an approach for understanding the significance of dysfunctional genes and pathways in cortical astroglia in the context of motor neuron disease, as well as determining regional astroglia heterogeneity, and providing insight into ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Dept. of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jenna C. Glatzer
- Dept. of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yi-chun Hsieh
- Dept. of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jeffrey D. Rothstein
- Dept. of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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9
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Lajarín-Cuesta R, Arribas RL, Nanclares C, García-Frutos EM, Gandía L, de los Ríos C. Design and synthesis of multipotent 3-aminomethylindoles and 7-azaindoles with enhanced protein phosphatase 2A-activating profile and neuroprotection. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:294-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Guedes ÁCB, Santin R, Costa ASR, Reiter KC, Hilbig A, Fernandez LL. Distinct Phospho-TDP-43 brain distribution in two cases of FTD, one associated with ALS. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11:249-254. [PMID: 29213521 PMCID: PMC5674668 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: TDP-43 is an intranuclear protein involved in many cellular processes. When altered, it shows a change in pattern of distribution, as well as in functioning, throughout the Central Nervous System structures. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are examples of TDP-43 proteinopathy. These disorders form a clinical spectrum, with some patients having a pure cognitive disorder while others also exhibit motor features. METHODS: We studied two donated brains from patients with a diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), one of which was associated with ALS (ALS-FTD). After fixation and macroscopic examinations, sample analyses were performed. Specific regions were chosen for the application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-Aβ, AT8, anti-α-synuclein and anti-phospho-TDP-43. RESULTS: Both brains presented anti-phospho-TDP-43 positivity, but this was not equally distributed throughout the encephalic zones. In the FTD case, the studied brain presented phosphorylated TDP-43- in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and mesencephalon; in the ALS-FTD case, the abnormal protein was also seen in the pons and medulla oblongata. The brain in the ALS-FTD case presented Aβ and AT8 positivity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (Braak I and II). DISCUSSION: The hypothesis supported by scientific literature that these neurodegenerative diseases can have the same etiology with distinct encephalic region involvement is corroborated by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro C B Guedes
- Students at the Medical School of Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Scientific initiation scholars
| | - Ricardo Santin
- Students at the Medical School of Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Scientific initiation scholars
| | - André S R Costa
- Students at the Medical School of Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Scientific initiation scholars
| | - Keli C Reiter
- Biologist, PhD, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre's Laboratory of Pathology
| | - Arlete Hilbig
- Neurologists. MD, PhD, Professors at the Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre
| | - Liana L Fernandez
- Neurologists. MD, PhD, Professors at the Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre
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11
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Walker C, Herranz-Martin S, Karyka E, Liao C, Lewis K, Elsayed W, Lukashchuk V, Chiang SC, Ray S, Mulcahy PJ, Jurga M, Tsagakis I, Iannitti T, Chandran J, Coldicott I, De Vos KJ, Hassan MK, Higginbottom A, Shaw PJ, Hautbergue GM, Azzouz M, El-Khamisy SF. C9orf72 expansion disrupts ATM-mediated chromosomal break repair. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1225-1235. [PMID: 28714954 PMCID: PMC5578434 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions represent the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia, though the mechanisms by which such expansions cause neurodegeneration are poorly understood. We report elevated levels of DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loops) and double strand breaks in rat neurons, human cells and C9orf72 ALS patient spinal cord tissues. Accumulation of endogenous DNA damage is concomitant with defective ATM-mediated DNA repair signaling and accumulation of protein-linked DNA breaks. We reveal that defective ATM-mediated DNA repair is a consequence of P62 accumulation, which impairs H2A ubiquitylation and perturbs ATM signaling. Virus-mediated expression of C9orf72-related RNA and dipeptide repeats in the mouse central nervous system increases double strand breaks and ATM defects and triggers neurodegeneration. These findings identify R-loops, double strand breaks and defective ATM-mediated repair as pathological consequences of C9orf72 expansions and suggest that C9orf72-linked neurodegeneration is driven at least partly by genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Walker
- SITraN and Krebs Institutes, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Saul Herranz-Martin
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Evangelia Karyka
- SITraN and Krebs Institutes, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katherine Lewis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Waheba Elsayed
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Vera Lukashchuk
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shih-Chieh Chiang
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Swagat Ray
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Padraig J. Mulcahy
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mateusz Jurga
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ioannis Tsagakis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jayanth Chandran
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian Coldicott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kurt J. De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohamed K. Hassan
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guillaume M. Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- SITraN and Krebs Institutes, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- SITraN and Krebs Institutes, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, UK
- Krebs and Sheffield Institutes for Nucleic Acids, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Jiang SW, Xu S, Chen H, Liu X, Tang Z, Cui Y, Liu J. Pathologic significance of SET/I2PP2A-mediated PP2A and non-PP2A pathways in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clin Chim Acta 2017; 464:155-159. [PMID: 27836688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SET (SE translocation, SET), a constitutive inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is a multifunctional oncoprotein involved in DNA replication, histone modification, nucleosome assembly, gene transcription and cell proliferation. It is widely expressed in human tissues including the gonadal system and brain. Intensive studies have shown that overexpressed SET plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and may also contribute to the malignant transformation of breast and ovarian cancers. Recent studies indicated that through interaction with PP2A, SET may upregulate androgen biosynthesis and contribute to hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. This review article summarizes data concerning the SET expression in ovaries from PCOS and normal women, and analyzes the role/regulatory mechanism of SET for androgen biosynthesis in PCOS, as well as the significance of this action in the development of PCOS. The potential value of SET-triggered pathway as a therapeutic target and the application of anti-SET reagents for treating hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
| | - Siliang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zuoqing Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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13
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Qi C, Bao J, Wang J, Zhu H, Xue Y, Wang X, Li H, Sun W, Gao W, Lai Y, Chen JG, Zhang Y. Asperterpenes A and B, two unprecedented meroterpenoids from Aspergillus terreus with BACE1 inhibitory activities. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6563-6572. [PMID: 28042460 PMCID: PMC5131395 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asperterpenes A (1) and B (2), two 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-based meroterpenoids that contain a unique β-oriented Me-21 with an unprecedented 1,2,5-trimethyl-4,9-dioxobicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-ene-3-carboxylic acid moiety, were obtained from Aspergillus terreus in very limited amounts of 3.6 mg and 1.8 mg, respectively. The absolute structure of 1 was determined using X-ray diffraction. Because of the low yield of 1, a comprehensive characterization of the BACE1 inhibitory activities of 1 was completed via molecular biological, cell and animal studies guided by in silico target confirmation (ISTC). ISTC assays suggested that compounds 1 and 2 might be BACE1 inhibitors. In cell-based tests, asperterpenes A and B, as natural products, exhibited promising inhibitory activities against BACE1, with IC50 values of 78 and 59 nM, respectively. LY2811376 (the positive control), one of the most potent clinical BACE1 inhibitors, has shown an IC50 value of 260 nM. In vivo, compound 1 exhibited activity similar to that of LY2811376 against Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 3xTg AD mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that asperterpene A, which contains a novel carbon skeleton, is the first terpenoid to exhibit effective BACE1 inhibitory activity. Moreover, 1 represents a potential lead compound and a versatile scaffold for the development of drugs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Jian Bao
- School of Basic Medicine , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Weixi Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Yongji Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- School of Basic Medicine , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation , School of Pharmacy , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China .
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14
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Zhang Z, Xie M, Ye K. Asparagine endopeptidase is an innovative therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1237-45. [PMID: 27115710 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1182990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is a pH-dependent endolysosomal cysteine protease that cleaves its substrates after asparagine residues. Our most recent study identifies that it possesses the delta-secretase activity, and that it is implicated in numerous neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke. Accumulating evidence supports that the inhibition of AEP exhibits beneficial effects for treating these devastating diseases. AREAS COVERED Based on recent evidence, it is clear that AEP cleaves its substrate, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau and SET, and plays a critical role in neuronal cell death in various neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. In this article, the basic biology of AEP, its knockout phenotypes in mouse models, its substrates in neurodegenerative diseases, and its small peptidyl inhibitors and prodrugs are discussed. In addition, we discuss the potential of AEP as a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. EXPERT OPINION AEP plays a unique role in numerous biological processes, depending on both pH and context. Most striking is our most recent finding; that AEP is activated in an age-dependent manner and simultaneously cleaves both APP and tau, thereby unifying both major pathological events in AD. Thus, AEP acts as an innovative trigger for neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of AEP will provide a disease-modifying treatment for neurodegenerative diseases including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Manling Xie
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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Abstract
In 1975, tau protein was isolated as a microtubule-associated factor from the porcine brain. In the previous year, a paired helical filament (PHF) protein had been identified in neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD), but it was not until 1986 that the PHF protein and tau were discovered to be one and the same. In the AD brain, tau was found to be abnormally hyperphosphorylated, and it inhibited rather than promoted in vitro microtubule assembly. Almost 80 disease-causing exonic missense and intronic silent mutations in the tau gene have been found in familial cases of frontotemporal dementia but, to date, no such mutation has been found in AD. The first phase I clinical trial of an active tau immunization vaccine in patients with AD was recently completed. Assays for tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are now available, and tau radiotracers for PET are under development. In this article, we provide an overview of the pivotal discoveries in the tau research field over the past 40 years. We also review the current status of the field, including disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
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Bicchi I, Emiliani C, Vescovi A, Martino S. The Big Bluff of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis: The Role of Neurodegenerative Disease Mimics. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 15:313-21. [PMID: 26227992 DOI: 10.1159/000435917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases include a significant number of pathologies affecting the nervous system. Generally, the primary cause of each disease is specific; however, recently, it was shown that they may be correlated at molecular level. This aspect, together with the exhibition of similar symptoms, renders the diagnosis of these disorders difficult. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of these pathologies. Herein, we report several cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis misdiagnosed as a consequence of features that are common to several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's, Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease, spinal muscular atrophy, progressive bulbar palsy, spastic paraplegia and frontotemporal dementia, and mostly with the lysosomal storage disorder GM2 gangliosidosis. Overall reports highlight that the differential diagnosis for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis should include correlated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bicchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Mompeán M, Hervás R, Xu Y, Tran TH, Guarnaccia C, Buratti E, Baralle F, Tong L, Carrión-Vázquez M, McDermott AE, Laurents DV. Structural Evidence of Amyloid Fibril Formation in the Putative Aggregation Domain of TDP-43. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2608-15. [PMID: 26266742 PMCID: PMC5568655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 can form pathological proteinaceous aggregates linked to ALS and FTLD. Within the putative aggregation domain, engineered repeats of residues 341-366 can recruit endogenous TDP-43 into aggregates inside cells; however, the nature of these aggregates is a debatable issue. Recently, we showed that a coil to β-hairpin transition in a short peptide corresponding to TDP-43 residues 341-357 enables oligomerization. Here we provide definitive structural evidence for amyloid formation upon extensive characterization of TDP-43(341-357) via chromophore and antibody binding, electron microscopy (EM), solid-state NMR, and X-ray diffraction. On the basis of these findings, structural models for TDP-43(341-357) oligomers were constructed, refined, verified, and analyzed using docking, molecular dynamics, and semiempirical quantum mechanics methods. Interestingly, TDP-43(341-357) β-hairpins assemble into a novel parallel β-turn configuration showing cross-β spine, cooperative H-bonding, and tight side-chain packing. These results expand the amyloid foldome and could guide the development of future therapeutics to prevent this structural conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mompeán
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding Authors: (M.M.) Tel: +34 91-745-9543. Fax: +34 91-564-2431. . (D.V.L.)
| | - Rubén Hervás
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC Avda, Doctor Arce 37, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Crta. de Cantoblanco no. 8, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yunyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 344 Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy H. Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco Baralle
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mariano Carrión-Vázquez
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC Avda, Doctor Arce 37, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Crta. de Cantoblanco no. 8, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ann E. McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 344 Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Douglas V. Laurents
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding Authors: (M.M.) Tel: +34 91-745-9543. Fax: +34 91-564-2431. . (D.V.L.)
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18
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Lu H, Zhu XC, Jiang T, Yu JT, Tan L. Body fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:70. [PMID: 25992369 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous and slowly progressive disease with extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is already a hard nut to crack, featured with cognitive decline and memory lapse. Body fluid biomarkers are proved to be useful in exploring further study of AD, might benefit for a full comprehension of the etiopathogenesis, an improved precision of the prognosis and diagnosis, and a positive response of treatments. The cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers Aβ, total tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau reflect the main pathologic changes of AD. We also review data from several novel biomarkers, such as, β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, soluble amyloid precursor proteins α and β, soluble Aβ oligomers and so on, which are associated with the occurrence and deterioration of this disease and couldn't be ignored. The rationale for the clinical use of those biomarkers, the challenges faced with and the properties of the most appropriate biomarkers are also summarized in the paper. We aim to find several ideal biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and optimize the treatment respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Teng Jiang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lan Tan
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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19
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Kazim SF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Arif M, Blanchard J, Fayyaz F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. Sera from children with autism induce autistic features which can be rescued with a CNTF small peptide mimetic in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118627. [PMID: 25769033 PMCID: PMC4359103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized clinically by impairments in social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication skills as well as restricted interests and repetitive behavior. It has been hypothesized that altered brain environment including an imbalance in neurotrophic support during early development contributes to the pathophysiology of autism. Here we report that sera from children with autism which exhibited abnormal levels of various neurotrophic factors induced cell death and oxidative stress in mouse primary cultured cortical neurons. The effects of sera from autistic children were rescued by pre-treatment with a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small peptide mimetic, Peptide 6 (P6), which was previously shown to exert its neuroprotective effect by modulating CNTF/JAK/STAT pathway and LIF signaling and by enhancing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Similar neurotoxic effects and neuroinflammation were observed in young Wistar rats injected intracerebroventricularly with autism sera within hours after birth. The autism sera injected rats demonstrated developmental delay and deficits in social communication, interaction, and novelty. Both the neurobiological changes and the behavioral autistic phenotype were ameliorated by P6 treatment. These findings implicate the involvement of neurotrophic imbalance during early brain development in the pathophysiology of autism and a proof of principle of P6 as a potential therapeutic strategy for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faraz Kazim
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- Neural and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- SUNY Downstate/NYSIBR Center for Developmental Neuroscience (CDN), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria del Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Blanchard
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Fatima Fayyaz
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Inge Grundke-Iqbal
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- SUNY Downstate/NYSIBR Center for Developmental Neuroscience (CDN), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Arif M, Wei J, Zhang Q, Liu F, Basurto-Islas G, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. Cytoplasmic retention of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor 2 (I2PP2A) induces Alzheimer-like abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27677-91. [PMID: 25128526 PMCID: PMC4183805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), and related tauopathies. The phosphorylation of Tau is regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which in turn is modulated by endogenous inhibitor 2 (I2 (PP2A)). In AD brain, I2 (PP2A) is translocated from neuronal nucleus to cytoplasm, where it inhibits PP2A activity and promotes abnormal phosphorylation of Tau. Here we describe the identification of a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the C-terminal region of I2 (PP2A) containing a conserved basic motif, (179)RKR(181), which is sufficient for directing its nuclear localization. The current study further presents an inducible cell model (Tet-Off system) of AD-type abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau by expressing I2 (PP2A) in which the NLS was inactivated by (179)RKR(181) → AAA along with (168)KR(169) → AA mutations. In this model, the mutant NLS (mNLS)-I2 (PP2A) (I2 (PP2A)AA-AAA) was retained in the cell cytoplasm, where it physically interacted with PP2A and inhibited its activity. Inhibition of PP2A was associated with the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau, which resulted in microtubule network instability and neurite outgrowth impairment. Expression of mNLS-I2 (PP2A) activated CAMKII and GSK-3β, which are Tau kinases regulated by PP2A. The immunoprecipitation experiments showed the direct interaction of I2 (PP2A) with PP2A and GSK-3β but not with CAMKII. Thus, the cell model provides insights into the nature of the potential NLS and the mechanistic relationship between I2 (PP2A)-induced inhibition of PP2A and hyperphosphorylation of Tau that can be utilized to develop drugs preventing Tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Jianshe Wei
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Qi Zhang
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Fei Liu
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Inge Grundke-Iqbal
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- From the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
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Arif M, Kazim SF, Grundke-Iqbal I, Garruto RM, Iqbal K. Tau pathology involves protein phosphatase 2A in parkinsonism-dementia of Guam. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1144-9. [PMID: 24395787 PMCID: PMC3903234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322614111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonism-dementia (PD) of Guam is a neurodegenerative disease with parkinsonism and early-onset Alzheimer-like dementia associated with neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein, tau. β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has been suspected of being involved in the etiology of PD, but the mechanism by which BMAA leads to tau hyperphosphorylation is not known. We found a decrease in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity associated with an increase in inhibitory phosphorylation of its catalytic subunit PP2Ac at Tyr(307) and abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in brains of patients who had Guam PD. To test the possible involvement of BMAA in the etiopathogenesis of PD, we studied the effect of this environmental neurotoxin on PP2A activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse primary neuronal cultures and metabolically active rat brain slices. BMAA treatment significantly decreased PP2A activity, with a concomitant increase in tau kinase activity resulting in elevated tau hyperphosphorylation at PP2A favorable sites. Moreover, we found an increase in the phosphorylation of PP2Ac at Tyr(307) in BMAA-treated rat brains. Pretreatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and Src antagonists blocked the BMAA-induced inhibition of PP2A and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, indicating the involvement of an Src-dependent PP2A pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that BMAA treatment dissociated PP2Ac from mGluR5, making it available for phosphorylation at Tyr(307). These findings suggest a scenario in which BMAA can lead to tau pathology by inhibiting PP2A through the activation of mGluR5, the consequent release of PP2Ac from the mGluR5-PP2A complex, and its phosphorylation at Tyr(307) by Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314
- Neural and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203; and
| | - Inge Grundke-Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314
| | - Ralph M. Garruto
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Anthropology, Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314
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Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. Alzheimer disease therapeutics: focus on the disease and not just plaques and tangles. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:631-9. [PMID: 24418409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bulk of AD research during the last 25 years has been Aβ-centric based on a strong faith in the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis which is not supported by the data on humans. To date, Aβ-based therapeutic clinical trials on sporadic cases of AD have been negative. Although most likely the major reason for the failure is that Aβ is not an effective therapeutic target for sporadic AD, initiation of the treatment at mild to moderate stages of the disease is blamed as too late to be effective. Clinical trials on presymptomatic familial AD cases have been initiated with the logic that Aβ is a trigger of the disease and hence initiation of the Aβ immunotherapies several years before any clinical symptoms would be effective. There is an urgent need to explore targets other than Aβ. There is now increasing interest in inhibiting tau pathology, which does have a far more compelling rationale than Aβ. AD is multifactorial and over 99% of the cases are the sporadic form of the disease. Understanding of the various etiopathogenic mechanisms of sporadic AD and generation of the disease-relevant animal models are required to develop rational therapeutic targets and therapies. Treatment of AD will require both inhibition of neurodegeneration and regeneration of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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