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Martinelli I, Mandrioli J, Ghezzi A, Zucchi E, Gianferrari G, Simonini C, Cavallieri F, Valzania F. Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a rare occurrence? Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:130-138. [PMID: 38767482 PMCID: PMC11246149 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons, human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions, expanding the phenotype of ALS. Although superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations represent a minority of ALS cases, the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies. Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1 (SOD1-ALS), no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation. In this narrative review, we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS. The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms, pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D. Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zucchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Simonini
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallieri
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Chang C, Zhao Q, Liu P, Yuan Y, Liu Z, Hu Y, Li W, Hou X, Tang X, Jiao B, Guo J, Shen L, Jiang H, Tang B, Zhang X, Wang J. ALS-plus related clinical and genetic study from China. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3557-3566. [PMID: 37204564 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. An increasing number of researchers have found extra motor features in ALS, which are also called ALS-plus syndromes. Besides, a great majority of ALS patients also have cognitive impairment. However, clinical surveys of the frequency and genetic background of ALS-plus syndromes are rare, especially in China. METHODS We investigated a large cohort of 1015 patients with ALS, classifying them into six groups according to different extramotor symptoms and documenting their clinical manifestations. Meanwhile, based on their cognitive function, we divided these patients into two groups and compared demographic characteristics. Genetic screening for rare damage variants (RDVs) was also performed on 847 patients. RESULTS As a result, 16.75% of patients were identified with ALS-plus syndrome, and 49.5% of patients suffered cognitive impairment. ALS-plus group had lower ALSFRS-R scores, longer diagnostic delay time, and longer survival times, compared to ALS pure group. RDVs occurred less frequently in ALS-plus patients than in ALS-pure patients (P = 0.042) but showed no difference between ALS-cognitive impairment patients and ALS-cognitive normal patients. Besides, ALS-cognitive impairment group tends to harbour more ALS-plus symptoms than ALS-cognitive normal group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In summary, ALS-plus patients in China are not rare and show multiple differences from ALS-pure patients in clinical and genetic features. Besides, ALS-cognitive impairment group tends to harbour more ALS-plus syndrome than ALS-cognitive normal group. Our observations correspond with the theory that ALS involves several diseases with different mechanisms and provide clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxiong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Martinelli I, Zucchi E, Simonini C, Gianferrari G, Zamboni G, Pinti M, Mandrioli J. The landscape of cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1427-1433. [PMID: 36571338 PMCID: PMC10075107 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases, the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research. Since the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993, the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened, improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Literature has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutations. We thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype correlation. Such a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes, which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic mutations. Cognition in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors, including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Martinelli
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zucchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Simonini
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Bolborea M, Vercruysse P, Daria T, Reiners JC, Alami NO, Guillot SJ, Dieterlé S, Sinniger J, Scekic-Zahirovic J, Londo A, Arcay H, Goy MA, de Tapia CN, Thal DR, Shibuya K, Otani R, Arai K, Kuwabara S, Ludolph AC, Roselli F, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Dupuis L. Loss of hypothalamic MCH decreases food intake in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:773-791. [PMID: 37058170 PMCID: PMC10175407 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with impaired energy metabolism, including weight loss and decreased appetite which are negatively correlated with survival. Neural mechanisms underlying metabolic impairment in ALS remain unknown. ALS patients and presymptomatic gene carriers have early hypothalamic atrophy. The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) controls metabolic homeostasis through the secretion of neuropeptides such as orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). Here, we show loss of MCH-positive neurons in three mouse models of ALS based on SOD1 or FUS mutations. Supplementation with MCH (1.2 µg/d) through continuous intracerebroventricular delivery led to weight gain in male mutant Sod1G86R mice. MCH supplementation increased food intake, rescued expression of the key appetite-related neuropeptide AgRP (agouti-related protein) and modified respiratory exchange ratio, suggesting increased carbohydrate usage during the inactive phase. Importantly, we document pTDP-43 pathology and neurodegeneration in the LHA of sporadic ALS patients. Neuronal cell loss was associated with pTDP-43-positive inclusions and signs of neurodegeneration in MCH-positive neurons. These results suggest that hypothalamic MCH is lost in ALS and contributes to the metabolic changes, including weight loss and decreased appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matei Bolborea
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Pauline Vercruysse
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tselmen Daria
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna C Reiners
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Neurobiochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Najwa Ouali Alami
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon J Guillot
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Sinniger
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jelena Scekic-Zahirovic
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amela Londo
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hippolyte Arcay
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Goy
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudia Nelson de Tapia
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU louvain, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Otani
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimihito Arai
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Dalla Bella E, Bersano E, Bruzzone MG, Gellera C, Pensato V, Lauria G, Consonni M. Behavioral and Cognitive Phenotypes of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Carrying SOD1 Variants. Neurology 2022; 99:e2052-e2062. [PMID: 35985819 PMCID: PMC9651465 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES SOD1 variants in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been associated with peculiar clinical features and disease progression but rarely with cognitive and behavioral impairment. This study aims at describing the features of frontotemporal syndromes in patients with ALS carrying SOD1 variants. METHODS Italian patients with ALS were consecutively enrolled between 2012 and 2020 at our Motor Neuron Disease Center. All underwent clinical assessment, extensive neurophysiologic test battery for the evaluation of cognitive functions and behavior, and targeted next-generation sequencing of SOD1, FUS, TARDBP, VCP, PFN1, TUBA4A, OPTN, SQSTM1, UBQLN2, and C9orf72 genes. Neuropsychological profiles of SOD1+ patients (SOD1+) were compared with those with no gene variants (SOD1-). To this aim, the occurrence of cognitive and behavioral impairment defined according to the current guidelines, the number of pathologic test performances based on Italian normative values, and scores of the Frontal Behavioral Inventory were collected. RESULTS Among 288 patients consecutively examined, we identified 8 known pathogenic SOD1 variants and one variant of uncertain significance (p.Ser26Asn) not previously described in 14 patients with ALS belonging to 11 families. The clinical phenotypes were mainly characterized by predominant lower motor neuron involvement with onset at the lower limbs, and one patient had bulbar onset. SOD1+ patients (n = 14) were compared with SOD1- patients (N = 274). SOD1+ patients were younger than SOD1-, and both groups had similar functional motor disabilities and disease duration. Based on the overall neuropsychological findings, the percentage of SOD1+ and SOD1- patients with altered profiles were approximately 60%. However, behavioral impairment defined by the Strong criteria, and most commonly featuring with irritability and mental rigidity, was more frequent in SOD1+ than SOD1- patients and mainly associated with variants in exon 5. Conversely, cognitive impairment was mainly found in SOD1- patients. DISCUSSION Our findings from a large cohort of deeply phenotyped patients with ALS demonstrated that behavioral involvement is more common than previously thought among patients harboring SOD1 variants and that it is independent from patients' age and disease stage. These findings could be relevant for the assessment of clinical trial outcomes and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dalla Bella
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bersano
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Consonni
- From the 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Diseases Centre (E.D.B., E.B., G.L., M.C.), Neuroradiology Unit (M.G.B.), Diagnostic and Technology Department, and Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics (C.G., V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta"; Milan, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (E.B., G.L.), University of Milan, Italy
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Degenerative dementias: a question of syndrome or disease? NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:480-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Robles Bayón A. Degenerative dementias: A question of syndrome or disease? Neurologia 2022; 37:480-491. [PMID: 31331676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurologists refer to numerous "syndromes,‿ consisting of specific combinations of clinical manifestations, following a specific progression pattern, and with the support of blood analysis (without genomic-proteomic parameters) and neuroimaging findings (MRI, CT, perfusion SPECT, or 18F-FDG-PET scans). Neurodegenerative "diseases,‿ on the other hand, are defined by specific combinations of clinical signs and histopathological findings; these must be confirmed by a clinical examination and a histology study or evidence of markers of a specific disorder for the diagnosis to be made. However, we currently know that most genetic and histopathological alterations can result in diverse syndromes. The genetic or histopathological aetiology of each syndrome is also heterogeneous, and we may encounter situations with pathophysiological alterations characterising more than one neurodegenerative disease. Sometimes, specific biomarkers are detected in the preclinical stage. DEVELOPMENT We performed a literature review to identify patients whose histopathological or genetic disorder was discordant with that expected for the clinical syndrome observed, as well as patients presenting multiple neurodegenerative diseases, confirming the heterogeneity and overlap between syndromes and diseases. We also observed that the treatments currently prescribed to patients with neurodegenerative diseases are symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the search for disease biomarkers should be restricted to research centres, given the lack of disease-modifying drugs or treatments improving survival. Moreover, syndromes and specific molecular or histopathological alterations should be managed independently of one another, and new "diseases‿ should be defined and adapted to current knowledge and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Robles Bayón
- Unidad de Neurología Cognitiva, Hospital HM Rosaleda, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España.
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Todd TW, Petrucelli L. Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rodents. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:231-251. [PMID: 35260846 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient study of human disease requires the proper tools, one of the most crucial of which is an accurate animal model that faithfully recapitulates the human condition. The study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is no exception. Although the majority of ALS cases are considered sporadic, most animal models of this disease rely on genetic mutations identified in familial cases. Over the past decade, the number of genes associated with ALS has risen dramatically and, with each new genetic variant, there is a drive to develop associated animal models. Rodent models are of particular importance as they allow for the study of ALS in the context of a living mammal with a comparable CNS. Such models not only help to verify the pathogenicity of novel mutations but also provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and are crucial for the testing of new therapeutics. In this Review, we aim to summarize the full spectrum of ALS rodent models developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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9
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Ye S, Luo Y, Jin P, Wang Y, Zhang N, Zhang G, Chen L, Shi L, Fan D. MRI Volumetric Analysis of the Thalamus and Hypothalamus in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:610332. [PMID: 35046789 PMCID: PMC8763328 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.610332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has shown that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can result in abnormal energy metabolism and sleep disorders, even before motor dysfunction. Although the hypothalamus and thalamus are important structures in these processes, few ALS studies have reported abnormal MRI structural findings in the hypothalamus and thalamus. Purpose: We aimed to investigate volumetric changes in the thalamus and hypothalamus by using the automatic brain structure volumetry tool AccuBrain®. Methods: 3D T1-weighted magnetization-prepared gradient echo imaging (MPRAGE) scans were acquired from 16 patients with ALS with normal cognitive scores and 16 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls. Brain tissue and structure volumes were automatically calculated using AccuBrain®. Results: There were no significant differences in bilateral thalamic (F = 1.31, p = 0.287) or hypothalamic volumes (F = 1.65, p = 0.213) between the ALS and control groups by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Left and right hypothalamic volumes were correlated with whole-brain volume in patients with ALS (t = 3.19, p = 0.036; t = 3.03, p = 0.044), while the correlation between age and bilateral thalamic volumes tended to be significant after Bonferroni correction (t = 2.76, p = 0.068; t = 2.83, p = 0.06). In the control group, left and right thalamic volumes were correlated with whole-brain volume (t = 4.26, p = 0.004; t = 4.52, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Thalamic and hypothalamic volumes did not show differences between patients with normal frontotemporal function ALS and healthy controls, but further studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yishan Luo
- Brain Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pingping Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Brain Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Muratet F, Teyssou E, Chiot A, Boillée S, Lobsiger CS, Bohl D, Gyorgy B, Guegan J, Marie Y, Amador MDM, Salachas F, Meininger V, Bernard E, Antoine JC, Camdessanché JP, Camu W, Cazeneuve C, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Leguern E, Mouzat K, Guissart C, Lumbroso S, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Grapperon AM, Attarian S, Verschueren A, Seilhean D, Millecamps S. Impact of a frequent nearsplice SOD1 variant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: optimising SOD1 genetic screening for gene therapy opportunities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:942-949. [PMID: 33785574 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1), encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase protein, are the second most frequent high penetrant genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) motor neuron disease in populations of European descent. More than 200 missense variants are reported along the SOD1 protein. To limit the production of these aberrant and deleterious SOD1 species, antisense oligonucleotide approaches have recently emerged and showed promising effects in clinical trials. To offer the possibility to any patient with SOD1-ALS to benefit of such a gene therapy, it is necessary to ascertain whether any variant of unknown significance (VUS), detected for example in SOD1 non-coding sequences, is pathogenic. METHODS We analysed SOD1 mutation distribution after SOD1 sequencing in a large cohort of 470 French familial ALS (fALS) index cases. RESULTS We identified a total of 27 SOD1 variants in 38 families including two SOD1 variants located in nearsplice or intronic regions of the gene. The pathogenicity of the c.358-10T>G nearsplice SOD1 variant was corroborated based on its high frequency (as the second most frequent SOD1 variant) in French fALS, the segregation analysis confirmed in eight affected members of a large pedigree, the typical SOD1-related phenotype observed (with lower limb onset and prominent lower motor neuron involvement), and findings on postmortem tissues showing SOD1 misaccumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted nearsplice/intronic mutations in SOD1 are responsible for a significant portion of French fALS and suggested the systematic analysis of the SOD1 mRNA sequence could become the method of choice for SOD1 screening, not to miss these specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Muratet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Elisa Teyssou
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Aude Chiot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Delphine Bohl
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Beata Gyorgy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Justine Guegan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Yannick Marie
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,AP-HP, Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Francois Salachas
- AP-HP, Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Hôpital des Peupliers, Ramsay General Health Group, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Centre de référence SLA, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence SLA, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanché
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence SLA, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - William Camu
- Centre de référence SLA, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre de référence SLA, Département de Neurologie, CHRU Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Aude-Marie Grapperon
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Annie Verschueren
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,Département de Neuropathologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
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11
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Murakami A, Nakamura M, Nakamura Y, Kaneko S, Yakushiji Y, Kusaka H. An autopsy case report of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease presenting with predominantly upper motor neuron features. Neuropathology 2021; 41:357-365. [PMID: 34309938 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe an autopsy case of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID), a subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with the appearance of fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) inclusions (FTLD-FUS). A 57-year-old man developed dysarthria and dysphagia. One year and five months later, he was admitted to a hospital, and pseudobulbar palsy and right upper motor neuron signs were observed on examination. Needle electromyography revealed no active or chronic denervation. His neurological symptoms gradually deteriorated, and behavioral alterations occurred. He died of hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture of a ureteric tumor. The total duration of the disease was six years and 10 months. Neuropathologically, the frontal cortex, including the motor cortex, and the pyramidal tract were severely affected, whereas the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem were mildly damaged. The striatum and substantia nigra were also severely damaged. Hyaline conglomerate inclusions, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions with a distinct eosinophilic core (so-called cherry spot), Pick body-like inclusions, and eosinophilic round inclusions were observed in the remaining neurons. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that these inclusions were immunoreactive for FUS. HC inclusions were also immunoreactive for α-internexin and phosphorylated neurofilament protein. FUS-immunoreactive NCIs were abundant in the basal ganglia but not in the hippocampus, in contrast to previously reported NIFID cases. Furthermore, Bunina bodies identified by immunohistochemistry for cystatin C were also observed in the lower motor neurons. Bunina bodies may be present in NIFID. This case confirms the pathological heterogeneity of NIFID and supports the notion of the difference between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and NIFID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yakushiji
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Joseph C, Mangani AS, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Shen T, Dheer Y, Kb D, Mirzaei M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Cell Cycle Deficits in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms to Drive Innovative Therapeutic Development. Aging Dis 2020; 11:946-966. [PMID: 32765956 PMCID: PMC7390532 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Specialised function obligates neuronal cells to subsist in a quiescent state of cell cycle once differentiated and therefore the circumstances and mechanisms underlying aberrant cell cycle activation in post-mitotic neurons in physiological and disease conditions remains an intriguing area of research. There is a strict requirement of concurrence to cell cycle regulation for neurons to ensure intracellular biochemical conformity as well as interrelationship with other cells within neural tissues. This review deliberates on various mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation in neuronal cells and underscores potential implications of their non-compliance in neural pathology. Recent research suggests that successful duplication of genetic material without subsequent induction of mitosis induces inherent molecular flaws that eventually assert as apoptotic changes. The consequences of anomalous cell cycle activation and subsequent apoptosis are demonstrated by the increased presence of molecular stress response and apoptotic markers. This review delineates cell cycle events under normal physiological conditions and deficits amalgamated by alterations in protein levels and signalling pathways associated with cell-division are analysed. Cell cycle regulators essentially, cyclins, CDKs, cip/kip family of inhibitors, caspases, bax and p53 have been identified to be involved in impaired cell cycle regulation and associated with neural pathology. The pharmacological modulators of cell cycle that are shown to impart protection in various animal models of neurological deficits are summarised. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are indispensable to cell cycle regulation in neurons in health and disease conditions will facilitate targeted drug development for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Veer Gupta
- 2School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ting Shen
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Devaraj Kb
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- 3Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,4Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,4Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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13
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Martinelli I, Zucchi E, Gessani A, Fini N, Chiò A, Pecoraro V, Trenti T, Mandrioli J. A novel p.N66T mutation in exon 3 of the SOD1 gene: report of two families of ALS patients with early cognitive impairment. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:296-300. [PMID: 32248719 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1746344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: To date more than 180 different mutations in the SOD1 gene have been described in ALS; some of these mutations are associated to peculiar clinical features and have contributed to the understanding of disease heterogeneity. Only 5% of SOD1 mutations involve exon 3. Here we report a novel mutation c.197A > C in the exon 3 of the SOD1 gene in two apparently unrelated ALS families with early respiratory and cognitive impairment.Case report: In the first family two brothers developed ALS in their seventies, with arm weakness followed by bulbar involvement and behavioral breakdown. An unrelated 57-year-old man presented with progressive leg weakness and mild compromised executive functions without known family history for ALS/FTD and underwent invasive ventilation in a few months. A novel missense mutation A to C at codon 197 in exon 3 causing aminoacid substitution of arginine by threonine (N66T) was found for all of them. Harmful consequences of c.197A > C mutation on SOD1 function were suggested by in silico prediction and homology with other known mutations at the same position.Discussion and conclusion: Here, we report two apparently unrelated ALS families carrying a novel SOD1 mutation (N66T), supporting its pathogenic role by primary analysis, and characterized by early bulbar, respiratory, and cognitive involvement. Early cognitive impairment has been rarely described in ALS caused by SOD1 mutations, and mainly in the later phases of the disease. This report provides additional data on the SOD1 mutation spectrum and clinical presentation of ALS, widening phenotypical characterization of SOD1 ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zucchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Gessani
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Center "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy; The Neuroscience Institute of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Toxycology and Advanced Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Laboratory of Toxycology and Advanced Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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14
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Bieniek KF, Josephs KA, Lin WL, Dickson DW. Neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease may be incorrectly classified as a subtype of FTLD-FUS. FREE NEUROPATHOLOGY 2020; 1. [PMID: 34386806 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2020-2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The majority of cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are characterized by focal cortical atrophy with an underlying tau or TDP-43 proteinopathy. A subset of FTLD cases, however, lack tau and TDP-43 immuno-reactivity, but have neuronal inclusions positive for ubiquitin, referred to as atypical FTLD (aFTLD-U). Studies have demonstrated that ubiquitin-positive inclusions in aFTLD-U are immuno-reactive for fused in sarcoma (FUS). As such, the current nosology for this entity is FTLD-FUS, which is thought to include not only aFTLD-U, but also neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID) and basophilic inclusion body disease. Objective To compare pathological features of cases of aFTLD-U and NIFID. Methods We reviewed the neuropathology of 15 patients (10 males and 5 females; average age at death 54 years (range 41-69 years)) with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of a frontotemporal dementia and pathological diagnosis of aFTLD-U (n=8) or NIFID (n=7). Sections were processed for immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy with FUS, TDP-43, and α-internexin (αINX) antibodies. Results Eight cases had pathologic features consistent with FTLD-FUS, with severe striatal atrophy (7/8 cases), as well as FUS-positive neuronal cytoplasmic and vermiform intranuclear inclusions, but no αINX immuno-reactivity. Five cases had features consistent with NIFID, with neuronal inclusions positive for both FUS and αINX. Striatal atrophy was present in only 2 of the NIFID cases. Two cases had αINX-positive neuronal inclusions consistent with NIFID, but both lacked striatal atrophy and FUS immunoreactivity. Surprisingly, one of these two NIFID cases had lesions immunoreactive for TDP-43. Discussion While FUS pathology remains a prominent feature of aFTLD-U, there is pathologic heterogeneity, including rare cases of NIFID with TDP-43- rather than FUS-positive inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Bieniek
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology (Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders) Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Wen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neuroscience (Neuropathology), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience (Neuropathology), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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15
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Ludolph AC, Dorst J, Dreyhaupt J, Weishaupt JH, Kassubek J, Weiland U, Meyer T, Petri S, Hermann A, Emmer A, Grosskreutz J, Grehl T, Zeller D, Boentert M, Schrank B, Prudlo J, Winkler AS, Gorbulev S, Roselli F, Schuster J, Dupuis L. Effect of High-Caloric Nutrition on Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:206-216. [PMID: 31849093 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight loss has been identified as a negative prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but there is no evidence regarding whether a high-caloric diet increases survival. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of a high-caloric fatty diet (HCFD) for increasing survival. METHODS A 1:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blinded trial (LIPCAL-ALS study) was conducted between February 2015 and September 2018. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months after randomization. The study was performed at 12 sites of the clinical and scientific network of German motor neuron disease centers (ALS/MND-NET). Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either HCFD (405kcal/day, 100% fat) or placebo in addition to riluzole (100mg/day). The primary endpoint was survival time, defined as time to death or time to study cutoff date. RESULTS Two hundred one patients (80 female, 121 male, age = 62.4 ± 10.8 years) were included. The confirmatory analysis of the primary outcome survival showed a survival probability of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27-0.51) in the placebo group and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.25-0.49) in the HCFD group, both after 28 months (point in time of the last event). The hazard ratio was 0.97, 1-sided 97.5% CI = -∞ to 1.44, p = 0.44. INTERPRETATION The results provide no evidence for a life-prolonging effect of HCFD for the whole amyotrophic lateral sclerosis population. However, post hoc analysis revealed a significant survival benefit for the subgroup of fast-progressing patients. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:206-216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weiland
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Albrecht Kossel Translational Neurodegeneration Section, Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Halle University Hospital, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Grehl
- Department of Neurology, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Zeller
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik HELIOS Clinic of Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorbulev
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Luc Dupuis
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Abstract
Few proteins have come under such intense scrutiny as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1). For almost a century, scientists have dissected its form, function and then later its malfunction in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We now know SOD1 is a zinc and copper metalloenzyme that clears superoxide as part of our antioxidant defence and respiratory regulation systems. The possibility of reduced structural integrity was suggested by the first crystal structures of human SOD1 even before deleterious mutations in the sod1 gene were linked to the ALS. This concept evolved in the intervening years as an impressive array of biophysical studies examined the characteristics of mutant SOD1 in great detail. We now recognise how ALS-related mutations perturb the SOD1 maturation processes, reduce its ability to fold and reduce its thermal stability and half-life. Mutant SOD1 is therefore predisposed to monomerisation, non-canonical self-interactions, the formation of small misfolded oligomers and ultimately accumulation in the tell-tale insoluble inclusions found within the neurons of ALS patients. We have also seen that several post-translational modifications could push wild-type SOD1 down this toxic pathway. Recently we have come to view ALS as a prion-like disease where both the symptoms, and indeed SOD1 misfolding itself, are transmitted to neighbouring cells. This raises the possibility of intervention after the initial disease presentation. Several small-molecule and biologic-based strategies have been devised which directly target the SOD1 molecule to change the behaviour thought to be responsible for ALS. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the many biophysical advances that sculpted our view of SOD1 biology and the recent work that aims to apply this knowledge for therapeutic outcomes in ALS.
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Lin HX, Tao QQ, Wei Q, Chen CX, Chen YC, Li HF, Gitler AD, Wu ZY. Identification and functional analysis of novel mutations in the SOD1 gene in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:222-228. [PMID: 30887850 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1582668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective involvement of motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The most common causative gene of ALS in the Chinese population is the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, which accounts for 20-42.9% of familial ALS (FALS) and 1-2% of sporadic ALS (SALS) cases. In this study, we identify three novel SOD1 mutations, Gly17Cys, Pro75Ser, and His121Gln, in four ALS pedigrees. A functional analysis was performed, and the results showed that all three mutations could lead to the formation of misfolded proteins. In addition, genotype-phenotype correlations in these patients are also described. Our study helps to characterize the genotype and phenotype of ALS with SOD1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Lin
- a Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Qiao Wei
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Cong-Xin Chen
- a Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yu-Chao Chen
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- c Department of Genetics , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- a Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
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18
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McCombe PA, Wray NR, Henderson RD. Extra-motor abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: another layer of heterogeneity. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:561-577. [PMID: 27983884 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1273772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease defined by the presence of muscle weakness. The motor features of disease are heterogeneous in site of onset and progression. There are also extra-motor features in some patients. The genetic basis for extra-motor features is uncertain. The heterogeneity of ALS is an issue for clinical trials. Areas covered: This paper reviews the range and prevalence of extra-motor features associated with ALS, and highlights the current information about genetic associations with extra-motor features. Expert commentary: There are extra-motor features of ALS, but these are not found in all patients. The most common is cognitive abnormality. More data is required to ascertain whether extra-motor features arise with progression of disease. Extra-motor features are reported in patients with a range of causative genetic mutations, but are not found in all patients with these mutations. Further studies are required of the heterogeneity of ALS, and genotype/phenotype correlations are required, taking note of extra-motor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A McCombe
- a The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - N R Wray
- b The University of Queensland Institute for Molecular Bioscience , Brisbane , Australia
| | - R D Henderson
- a The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
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19
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Hayashi K, Mochizuki Y, Takeuchi R, Shimizu T, Nagao M, Watabe K, Arai N, Oyanagi K, Onodera O, Hayashi M, Takahashi H, Kakita A, Isozaki E. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis resulting in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V). Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:107. [PMID: 27716404 PMCID: PMC5045653 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that had progressed to result in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V), in which all voluntary movements are lost and communication is impossible. In 11 patients, six had phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43)-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI), two had fused in sarcoma (FUS)-ir NCI, and three had copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1)-ir NCI. The time from ALS onset to the need for tracheostomy invasive ventilation was less than 24 months in ten patients. Regardless of accumulated protein, all the patients showed common lesions in the pallido–nigro–luysian system, brainstem reticular formation, and cerebellar efferent system, in addition to motor neurons. In patients with pTDP-43-ir NCI, patients with NCI in the hippocampal dentate granule neurons (DG) showed a neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, and patients without NCI in DG showed a preserved cerebral cortex. By contrast, in patients with FUS-ir NCI, patients with NCI in DG showed a preserved cerebral cortex and patients without NCI in DG showed marked cerebral degeneration. The cerebral cortex of patients with SOD1-ir NCI was preserved. Together, these findings suggest that lesions of the cerebrum are probably not necessary for progression to Stage V. In conclusion, patients with ALS that had progressed to result in communication Stage V showed rapidly-progressed symptoms, and their common lesions could cause the manifestations of communication Stage V.
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20
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Jiang H, Shimizu H, Shiga A, Tanaka M, Onodera O, Kakita A, Takahashi H. Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an I104F mutation in the SOD1 gene: Multisystem degeneration with neurofilamentous aggregates and SOD1 inclusions. Neuropathology 2016; 37:69-77. [PMID: 27444855 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) of 11 years duration in a 57-year-old woman, who received artificial ventilation for 5 years prior to death and exhibited widespread multisystem degeneration and neurofilamentous aggregates, so-called conglomerate inclusions (CIs). In the present study, we re-evaluated this autopsied patient (proband) with further immunohistochemical observation as well as mutational analysis of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. A review of the clinical features of the proband's family revealed five affected members (including the proband) over two successive generations who showed marked variability in clinical presentation, such as the age at onset. The proband was found to harbor a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 4 (I104F) of the SOD1 gene. In the brain and spinal cord, SOD1-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) were found to be more widely distributed than CIs, the latter being weakly positive for SOD1. No Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions were found. This is considered to be the first description of an autopsy case of FALS with an I104F SOD1 gene mutation, suggesting that combination of marked intra-familial clinical variability and multisystem degeneration with occurrence of CIs and SOD1-positive NCIs is a characteristic feature of FALS with this SOD1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Jiang
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiga
- Departments of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Multiple Sclerosis Center, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Departments of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Picher-Martel V, Valdmanis PN, Gould PV, Julien JP, Dupré N. From animal models to human disease: a genetic approach for personalized medicine in ALS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:70. [PMID: 27400686 PMCID: PMC4940869 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease in adults. Classical ALS is characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons leading to progressive paralysis. Approximately 10 % of ALS patients have familial form of the disease. Numerous different gene mutations have been found in familial cases of ALS, such as mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), fused in sarcoma (FUS), C9ORF72, ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2), optineurin (OPTN) and others. Multiple animal models were generated to mimic the disease and to test future treatments. However, no animal model fully replicates the spectrum of phenotypes in the human disease and it is difficult to assess how a therapeutic effect in disease models can predict efficacy in humans. Importantly, the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of ALS leads to a variety of responses to similar treatment regimens. From this has emerged the concept of personalized medicine (PM), which is a medical scheme that combines study of genetic, environmental and clinical diagnostic testing, including biomarkers, to individualized patient care. In this perspective, we used subgroups of specific ALS-linked gene mutations to go through existing animal models and to provide a comprehensive profile of the differences and similarities between animal models of disease and human disease. Finally, we reviewed application of biomarkers and gene therapies relevant in personalized medicine approach. For instance, this includes viral delivering of antisense oligonucleotide and small interfering RNA in SOD1, TDP-43 and C9orf72 mice models. Promising gene therapies raised possibilities for treating differently the major mutations in familial ALS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Picher-Martel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Research Centre of Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Laval University, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
| | - Paul N Valdmanis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 2110, Stanford, CA, 94305-5164, USA
| | - Peter V Gould
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Medical Biology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401, 18th street, Québec, QC, Canada, G1J 1Z4
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Research Centre of Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Laval University, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Axe Neurosciences & The Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec, Laval University, 1401, 18th street, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.
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22
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Spalloni A, Longone P. Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, clues from the SOD1 mouse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 60:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Gozes I, Ivashko-Pachima Y. ADNP: in search for molecular mechanisms and innovative therapeutic strategies for frontotemporal degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:205. [PMID: 26578950 PMCID: PMC4624849 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is deregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in schizophrenia and mutated in autism. In mice, ADNP is essential for brain formation and ADNP haploinsufficiency is associated with cognitive and social deficits and tauopathy. Tauopathy, a major pathology in AD, is also found in ~45% of frontotemporal dementias (FTDs). Tau transcript, a product of a single gene, undergoes alternative splicing. Tau splicing seems to be altered in FTD brain. In transgenic mice overexpressing a mutated tau in the cerebral cortex, significant increases in ADNP transcript expression were observed in the cerebral cortex of young transgenic mice (~disease onset) and a marked decrease with aging as compared to control littermates. ADNP is a member of the SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex also associated with alternative splicing, including tau transcript splicing. Further cellular interactions of ADNP include association with microtubules, with tau being a microtubule—associated protein. NAP (davundetide), a novel drug candidate derived from ADNP, increases ADNP-microtubule association and protects against tauopathy and cognitive deficiencies in mice. Although, NAP did not provide protection in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a pure tauopathy, it increased cognitive scores in amnestic mild cognitively impaired patients and protected functional activity in schizophrenia patients. This mini-review focuses on ADNP in the context of FTD and tau/microtubules and proposes NAP as a novel drug target for future clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience & Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience & Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
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