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Park JM, Rahmati M, Lee SC, Shin JI, Kim YW. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons, motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1584-1592. [PMID: 38051903 PMCID: PMC10883506 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms, no treatment can cure or reverse the disease itself. Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns, a lower risk of immune rejection, and a lower risk of teratogenicity. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function, memory, and preservation of dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease animal model. We searched bibliographic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify articles and included only peer-reviewed in vivo interventional animal studies published in any language through June 28, 2023. The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the standard mean differences (SMD) between the treatment and control groups. We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation's risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment. A total of 33 studies with data from 840 Parkinson's disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test. Among the stem cell types, the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed largest effect size (SMD [95% CI] = -6.21 [-9.50 to -2.93], P = 0.0001, I2 = 0.0 %). The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic neurons in the striatum ([95% CI] = 1.04 [0.59 to 1.49], P = 0.0001, I2 = 65.1 %) and substantia nigra (SMD [95% CI] = 1.38 [0.89 to 1.87], P = 0.0001, I2 = 75.3 %), indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route (SMD [95% CI] = -2.59 [-3.25 to -1.94], P = 0.0001, I2 = 74.4 %). The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route (SMD [95% CI] = 4.80 [1.84 to 7.76], P = 0.027, I2 = 79.6 %). Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types, modifications, transplanted cell numbers, and delivery methods for these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mi Park
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Sun PY, Liu J, Hu JN, Tu YF, Jiang Q, Jia YJ, Sun HL, Chen SH, Xin JY, Yu ZY, Liu ZH, Tan CR, Zeng GH, Shi AY, Liu YH, Bu XL, Wang YJ, Wang J. Rejuvenation of peripheral immune cells attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies and behavioral deficits in a mouse model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1123. [PMID: 38809977 PMCID: PMC11135428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Immunosenescence contributes to systematic aging and plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of immune rejuvenation as a therapeutic strategy for AD. To achieve this, the immune systems of aged APP/PS1 mice were rejuvenated through young bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that young BMT restored the expression of aging- and AD-related genes in multiple cell types within blood immune cells. The level of circulating senescence-associated secretory phenotype proteins was decreased following young BMT. Notably, young BMT resulted in a significant reduction in cerebral Aβ plaque burden, neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and improvement of behavioral deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. The ameliorated cerebral amyloidosis was associated with an enhanced Aβ clearance of peripheral monocytes. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that immune system rejuvenation represents a promising therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ni Hu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Tu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Juan Jia
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao-Lun Sun
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Si-Han Chen
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical School, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jia-Yan Xin
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Tan
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - An-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
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3
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Maxwell DL, Orian JM. Cerebellar pathology in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: current status and future directions. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2023; 15:11795735231211508. [PMID: 37942276 PMCID: PMC10629308 DOI: 10.1177/11795735231211508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed significant progress in understanding mechanisms driving neurodegeneration and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), but with a focus on the cerebrum. In contrast, there have been limited studies of cerebellar disease, despite the common occurrence of cerebellar symptoms in this disorder. These rare studies, however, highlight the early cerebellar involvement in disease development and an association between the early occurrence of cerebellar lesions and risk of worse prognosis. In parallel developments, it has become evident that far from being a region specialized in movement control, the cerebellum plays a crucial role in cognitive function, via circuitry connecting the cerebellum to association areas of the cerebrum. This complexity, coupled with challenges in imaging of the cerebellum have been major obstacles in the appreciation of the spatio-temporal evolution of cerebellar damage in MS and correlation with disability and progression. MS studies based on animal models have relied on an induced neuroinflammatory disease known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in rodents and non-human primates (NHP). EAE has played a critical role in elucidating mechanisms underpinning tissue damage and been validated for the generation of proof-of-concept for cerebellar pathological processes relevant to MS. Additionally, rodent and NHP studies have formed the cornerstone of current knowledge of functional anatomy and cognitive processes. Here, we propose that improved insight into consequences of cerebellar damage in MS at the functional, cellular and molecular levels would be gained by more extensive characterization of EAE cerebellar pathology combined with the power of experimental paradigms in the field of cognition. Such combinatorial approaches would lead to improved potential for the development of MS sensitive markers and evaluation of candidate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain L. Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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4
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Dittmar T, Hass R. Extracellular Events Involved in Cancer Cell-Cell Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416071. [PMID: 36555709 PMCID: PMC9784959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion among different cell populations represents a rare process that is mediated by both intrinsic and extracellular events. Cellular hybrid formation is relayed by orchestrating tightly regulated signaling pathways that can involve both normal and neoplastic cells. Certain important cell merger processes are often required during distinct organismal and tissue development, including placenta and skeletal muscle. In a neoplastic environment, however, cancer cell fusion can generate new cancer hybrid cells. Following survival during a subsequent post-hybrid selection process (PHSP), the new cancer hybrid cells express different tumorigenic properties. These can include elevated proliferative capacity, increased metastatic potential, resistance to certain therapeutic compounds, and formation of cancer stem-like cells, all of which characterize significantly enhanced tumor plasticity. However, many parts within this multi-step cascade are still poorly understood. Aside from intrinsic factors, cell fusion is particularly affected by extracellular conditions, including an inflammatory microenvironment, viruses, pH and ionic stress, hypoxia, and exosome signaling. Accordingly, the present review article will primarily highlight the influence of extracellular events that contribute to cell fusion in normal and tumorigenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (R.H.); Tel.: +49-2302-926165 (T.D.); +49-5115-326070 (R.H.)
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (R.H.); Tel.: +49-2302-926165 (T.D.); +49-5115-326070 (R.H.)
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5
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Wlodarek L, Alibhai FJ, Wu J, Li SH, Li RK. Stroke-Induced Neurological Dysfunction in Aged Mice Is Attenuated by Preconditioning with Young Sca-1+ Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:564-576. [PMID: 35291015 PMCID: PMC9216491 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To date, stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Nearly three-quarters of all strokes occur in the elderly (>65 years old), and a vast majority of these individuals develop debilitating cognitive impairments that can later progress into dementia. Currently, there are no therapies capable of reversing the cognitive complications which arise following a stroke. Instead, current treatment options focus on preventing secondary injuries, as opposed to improving functional recovery. METHODS We reconstituted aged (20-month old) mice with Sca-1+ bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells isolated from aged or young (2-month old) EGFP+ donor mice. Three months later the chimeric aged mice underwent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), after which cognitive function was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate host and recipient cells in the brain following BCCAO. RESULTS Young Sca-1+ cells migrate to the aged brain and give rise to beneficial microglial-like cells that ameliorate stroke-induced loss of cognitive function on tasks targeting the hippocampus and cerebellum. We also found that young Sca-1+ cell-derived microglial-like cells possess neuroprotective properties as they do not undergo microgliosis upon migrating to the ischemic hippocampus, whereas the cells originating from old Sca-1+ cells proliferate extensively and skew toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype following injury. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a proof-of-principle demonstrating that young BM Sca-1+ cells play a pivotal role in reversing stroke-induced cognitive impairments and protect the aged brain against secondary injury by attenuating the host cell response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wlodarek
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department weof Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department weof Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Zhou L, Zhu H, Bai X, Huang J, Chen Y, Wen J, Li X, Wu B, Tan Y, Tian M, Ren J, Li M, Yang Q. Potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:195. [PMID: 35551643 PMCID: PMC9096773 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability in the world. Currently, most patients cannot choose intravenous thrombolysis or intravascular mechanical thrombectomy because of narrow therapeutic windows and severe complications. Stem cell transplantation is an emerging treatment and has been studied in various central nervous system diseases. Animal and clinical studies showed that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could alleviate neurological deficits and bring hope for ischemic stroke treatment. This article reviewed biological characteristics, safety, feasibility and efficacy of MSCs therapy, potential therapeutic targets of MSCs, and production process of Good Manufacturing Practices-grade MSCs, to explore the potential therapeutic targets of MSCs in the process of production and use and provide new therapeutic directions for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Sichuan, 64100, China
| | - Jiagui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mingfen Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiangxia Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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7
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Generation of Cancer Stem/Initiating Cells by Cell-Cell Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094514. [PMID: 35562905 PMCID: PMC9101717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CS/ICs have raised great expectations in cancer research and therapy, as eradication of this key cancer cell type is expected to lead to a complete cure. Unfortunately, the biology of CS/ICs is rather complex, since no common CS/IC marker has yet been identified. Certain surface markers or ALDH1 expression can be used for detection, but some studies indicated that cancer cells exhibit a certain plasticity, so CS/ICs can also arise from non-CS/ICs. Another problem is intratumoral heterogeneity, from which it can be inferred that different CS/IC subclones must be present in the tumor. Cell–cell fusion between cancer cells and normal cells, such as macrophages and stem cells, has been associated with the generation of tumor hybrids that can exhibit novel properties, such as an enhanced metastatic capacity and even CS/IC properties. Moreover, cell–cell fusion is a complex process in which parental chromosomes are mixed and randomly distributed among daughter cells, resulting in multiple, unique tumor hybrids. These, if they have CS/IC properties, may contribute to the heterogeneity of the CS/IC pool. In this review, we will discuss whether cell–cell fusion could also lead to the origin of different CS/ICs that may expand the overall CS/IC pool in a primary tumor.
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8
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Yu ZY, Xu MY, Liu ZH, Zeng GH, Fan H, Tan CR, Tu YF, Bu XL, Wang YJ. Effects of Chemotherapy on Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Damage, Neurogenesis, and Behavioral Performance in Bone Marrow Transplantation Recipient Mice. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:585-595. [PMID: 35380369 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As bone marrow transplant (BMT) is gradually applied to the study of central nervous system (CNS) disease, it is needed to investigate the proper dose of chemotherapy to eradicate bone marrow cells while bringing little damage to brain. In the present study, we established a BMT model with varied busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu-Cy) dosages. The recipient mice's chimera rate, neuronal death, neuroinflammation, and behavioral functions were all investigated. Chimerism of peripheral blood cells was shown to rise with Bu-Cy treatment doses, with 60.7% in the Bu(20 mg/kg)/Cy(100 mg/kg) group and 93.0% in the Bu(35 mg/kg)/Cy(100 mg/kg) group. Recipients with Bu(35 mg/kg)/Cy(100 mg/kg) therapy had brain injury, increased neuroinflammation, diminished neurogenesis and cognitive abnormalities, whereas animals given a lesser dosage had no such brain damages. Conclusively, considering the chimerism and the possibility to damage brain, we recommend Bu(20 mg/kg)/Cy(100 mg/kg) is the ideal dose in BMT for studying CNS diseases in the C57/BL6 mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Man-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Fan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Tan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Tu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Blood cell-produced amyloid-β induces cerebral Alzheimer-type pathologies and behavioral deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5568-5577. [PMID: 32681097 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is traditionally believed that cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits are derived from the brain itself in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Peripheral cells such as blood cells also produce Aβ. The role of peripherally produced Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD remains unknown. In this study, we established a bone marrow transplantation model to investigate the contribution of blood cell-produced Aβ to AD pathogenesis. We found that bone marrow cells (BMCs) transplanted from APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice into wild-type (Wt) mice at 3 months of age continuously expressed human Aβ in the blood, and caused AD phenotypes including Aβ plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits in the Wt recipient mice at 12 months after transplantation. Bone marrow reconstitution in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with Wt-BMCs at 3 months of age reduced blood Aβ levels, and alleviated brain Aβ burden, neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits in the AD model mice at 12 months after transplantation. Our study demonstrated that blood cell-produced Aβ plays a significant role in AD pathogenesis, and the elimination of peripheral production of Aβ can decrease brain Aβ deposition and represents a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
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10
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Hu C, He Y, Liu D, Zhao L, Fang S, Tan B, Dong S, Wang Y, He T, Bi Y. Hypoxia Preconditioning Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells in Chronically Injured Liver of Mice by Upregulating CXCR4. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:526-536. [PMID: 33715421 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies reported that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) possess a strong self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential and thus are an ideal candidate cell source for hepatocellular transplantation. USC transplantation may repair the pathological changes of chronic liver injury to a certain extent, and hypoxia pretreatment may improve the recovery efficiency of USCs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of the improved recovery efficiency of hypoxia-pretreated USCs. A chronic liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride into nude mice. USCs were transplanted via caudal vein injection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's staining were performed to determine the pathology of the liver. Immunofluorescence and frozen section biopsy were performed to determine differentiation and cell fusion in vivo. Cell coculture was used to detect cell fusion in vitro. The proliferative ability of USCs was evaluated using cell viability and colony formation assays, and the migratory functions of USCs were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. The degeneration of hepatocytes and the level of fibrosis in the hypoxia transplantation group were improved compared with the normoxia transplantation group. It was found that exogenous USCs may be differentiated into functional hepatocytes or fused with hepatocytes in vivo. C-X-C motif chemokine (CXC) ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression levels in liver tissue of the chronic liver injury model were upregulated compared with those in the control group. The expression of CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) in hypoxia-pretreated USCs was also significantly upregulated. The results suggested that USCs fused with different types of liver cells and that hypoxia treatment promoted the fusion rate in vitro by upregulating CXCR4 signaling. Furthermore, hypoxia pretreatment promoted cell proliferation, migration, and cell fusion by inducing CXCR4 signaling, leading to USC-elicited liver tissue recovery following injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Hu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Daijiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Fang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Dong
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
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11
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Díaz D, Del Pilar C, Carretero J, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Daily bone marrow cell transplantations for the management of fast neurodegenerative processes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1702-1711. [PMID: 31272136 DOI: 10.1002/term.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has been proven to be a promising treatment for fighting neurodegenerative diseases. As neuronal replacement presents undeniable complications, the neuroprotection of live neurons arises as the most suitable therapeutic approach. Accordingly, the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. However, these diseases are commonly diagnosed when symptoms have already progressed towards an irreversible degenerative stage. This problem is especially dramatic when neurodegeneration is aggressive and rapidly progresses. One of the most interesting approaches for neuroprotection is the fusion between healthy bone marrow-derived cells and neurons, as the former can provide the latter with regular/protective genes without harming brain parenchyma. So far, this phenomenon has only been identified in Purkinje cells, whose death is the cause of different diseases like cerebellar ataxias. Here we have employed a model of aggressive cerebellar neurodegeneration, the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mouse, to optimize a cell therapy based on bone marrow-derived cell and cell fusion. Our findings show that the substitution of bone marrow in diseased animals by healthy bone marrow, even prior to the onset of neurodegeneration, is not fast enough to stop neuronal loss in time. Conversely, avoiding bone marrow replacement and ensuring a regular supply of healthy cells through continuous, daily transplants, the neurodegenerative milieu of PCD is enough to attract those transplanted elements. Furthermore, in the most affected cerebellar regions, more than a half of surviving neurons undergo a process of cell fusion. Therefore, this method deserves consideration as a means to impede neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pilar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Cancer cell fusion: a potential target to tackle drug-resistant and metastatic cancer cells. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1836-1844. [PMID: 31163272 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion is an integral, established phenomenon underlying various physiological processes in the cell cycle. Although research in cancer metastasis has hypothesised numerous molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways responsible for invasion and metastasis, the origin and progression of metastatic cells within primary tumours remains unclear. Recently, the role of cancer cell fusion in cancer metastasis and development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumours has gained prominence. However, evidence remains lacking to justify the role of cell fusion in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Here, we highlight plausible mechanisms governing cell fusion with different cell types in the tumour microenvironment (TME), the clinical relevance of cancer cell fusion, its potential as a target for overcoming MDR and inhibiting metastasis, and putative modes of treatment.
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13
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Yshii L, Pignolet B, Mauré E, Pierau M, Brunner-Weinzierl M, Hartley O, Bauer J, Liblau R. IFN-γ is a therapeutic target in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127001. [PMID: 30944244 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological disorders result from an autoimmune response against neural self-antigens that are ectopically expressed in neoplastic cells. In paraneoplastic disorders associated to autoantibodies against intracellular proteins, such as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), current data point to a major role of cell-mediated immunity. In an animal model, in which a neo-self-antigen was expressed in both Purkinje neurons and implanted breast tumor cells, immune checkpoint blockade led to complete tumor control at the expense of cerebellum infiltration by T cells and Purkinje neuron loss, thereby mimicking PCD. Here, we identify 2 potential therapeutic targets expressed by cerebellum-infiltrating T cells in this model, namely α4 integrin and IFN-γ. Mice with PCD were treated with anti-α4 integrin antibodies or neutralizing anti-IFN-γ antibodies at the onset of neurological signs. Although blocking α4 integrin had little or no impact on disease development, treatment using the anti-IFN-γ antibody led to almost complete protection from PCD. These findings strongly suggest that the production of IFN-γ by cerebellum-invading T cells plays a major role in Purkinje neuron death. Our successful preclinical use of neutralizing anti-IFN-γ antibody for the treatment of PCD offers a potentially new therapeutic opportunity for cancer patients at the onset of paraneoplastic neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Yshii
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Pignolet
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Mauré
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mandy Pierau
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Pesaresi M, Bonilla-Pons SA, Cosma MP. In vivo somatic cell reprogramming for tissue regeneration: the emerging role of the local microenvironment. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 55:119-128. [PMID: 30071468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed an exponential increase of interest in the reprogramming process. This has been motivated by the enthusiasm of unravelling key aspects not only of cell identity and dedifferentiation, but also of the endogenous regenerative capacities of mammalian organs. Here, we present the most recent advances in the field of reprogramming, stressing how they are re-defining the rules of cell fate and plasticity in vivo. Specifically, we focus on the emerging role of the tissue microenvironment, with particular emphasis on tissue damage, inflammation and senescence that can facilitate in vivo reprogramming and regeneration through cell-extrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pesaresi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi A Bonilla-Pons
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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