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Paredes V, Pino FJ, Díaz D. Does facial structure explain differences in student evaluations of teaching? The role of fWHR as a proxy for perceived dominance. Econ Hum Biol 2024; 54:101381. [PMID: 38642450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Dominance is usually viewed as a positive male attribute, but this is not typically the case for women. Using a novel dataset of student evaluations of teaching in a school of Business and Economics of a selective university, we construct the face width-to-height ratio (fWHR) as a proxy for perceived dominance to assess whether individuals with a higher ratio obtain better evaluations. Our results show that a higher fWHR is associated with a better evaluation for male faculty, while the opposite is the case for female faculty. These results are not due to differences in teachers' quality or beauty. In terms of magnitude, the effect of the fWHR is much larger for female professors. To the extent that fWHR is a good proxy of perceived dominance, it appears that conformity to traditional gender norms pays off for both men and women. However, the cost of challenging these norms is much larger for women than for men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco J Pino
- Department of Economics, University of Chile, Chile; IZA, Germany
| | - David Díaz
- Department of Management, University of Chile, Chile
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Del Pilar C, Garrido-Matilla L, Del Pozo-Filíu L, Lebrón-Galán R, Arias RF, Clemente D, Alonso JR, Weruaga E, Díaz D. Intracerebellar injection of monocytic immature myeloid cells prevents the adverse effects caused by stereotactic surgery in a model of cerebellar neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:49. [PMID: 38355633 PMCID: PMC10867997 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a recently discovered bone-marrow-derived cell type useful for dealing with neuroinflammatory disorders. However, these cells are only formed during inflammatory conditions from immature myeloid cells (IMCs) that acquire immunosuppressive activity, thus being commonly gathered from diseased animals. Then, to obtain a more clinically feasible source, we characterized IMCs directly derived from healthy bone marrow and proved their potential immunosuppressive activity under pathological conditions in vitro. We then explored their neuroprotective potential in a model of human cerebellar ataxia, the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse, as it displays a well-defined neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory process that can be also aggravated by invasive surgeries. METHODS IMCs were obtained from healthy bone marrow and co-cultured with activated T cells. The proliferation and apoptotic rate of the later were analyzed with Tag-it Violet. For in vivo studies, IMCs were transplanted by stereotactic surgery into the cerebellum of PCD mice. We also used sham-operated animals as controls of the surgical effects, as well as their untreated counterparts. Motor behavior of mice was assessed by rotarod test. The Purkinje cell density was measured by immunohistochemistry and cell death assessed with the TUNEL technique. We also analyzed the microglial phenotype by immunofluorescence and the expression pattern of inflammation-related genes by qPCR. Parametric tests were applied depending on the specific experiment: one or two way ANOVA and Student's T test. RESULTS IMCs were proven to effectively acquire immunosuppressive activity under pathological conditions in vitro, thus acting as MDSCs. Concerning in vivo studios, sham-operated PCD mice suffered detrimental effects in motor coordination, Purkinje cell survival and microglial activation. After intracranial administration of IMCs into the cerebellum of PCD mice, no special benefits were detected in the transplanted animals when compared to untreated mice. Nonetheless, this transplant almost completely prevented the impairments caused by the surgery in PCD mice, probably by the modulation of the inflammatory patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our work comprise two main translational findings: (1) IMCs can be directly used as they behave as MDSCs under pathological conditions, thus avoiding their gathering from diseased subjects; (2) IMCs are promising adjuvants when performing neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Pilar
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Garrido-Matilla
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Del Pozo-Filíu
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Translational Stroke Laboratory (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45004, Toledo, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Avd. Río Guadiana, s/n, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Raúl F Arias
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Clemente
- Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45004, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - David Díaz
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
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González AJ, Díaz D, Ciordia M, Landeras E. Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. actinidiae, actinidifoliorum and Other P. syringae Strains on Kiwifruit in Northern Spain. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:208. [PMID: 38398717 PMCID: PMC10890144 DOI: 10.3390/life14020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the agent causing bacterial canker of kiwifruit, has been present in the Principality of Asturias (PA), Northern Spain, since 2013, although with restricted distribution. In this study, 53 strains collected in kiwifruit orchards in PA during the period 2014-2020 were characterized by a polyphasic approach including biochemical and phylogenetic analysis. Thirty-three strains, previously identified by PCR as Psa, have been found to be a homogeneous group in phylogenetic analysis, which seems to indicate that there have been few introductions of the pathogen into the region. Two strains were confirmed as P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm), so this is the first report of Pfm in the PA. The remaining 18 strains were found to be close to P. avellanae and P. syringae pv. antirrhini or to strains described as Pfm look-alikes. Pathogenicity tests carried out on peppers with a selection of strains have shown that both Psa and Pfm caused clear damage, while the 18 atypical strains caused variable lesions. It would be necessary to carry out pathogenicity testing of atypical strains on kiwifruit plants to study the role of these strains in the kiwifruit pathosystem to evaluate their pathogenic potential in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J. González
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (D.D.); (M.C.)
| | - David Díaz
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (D.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Ciordia
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (D.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Landeras
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal del Principado de Asturias, C/Lucas Rodríguez Pire, 4-Bajo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
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Jimenez-Gómez N, López-Suárez A, Haro S, Fernández-González P, Monserrat J, Eraña-Tomás I, Cuevas-Santos J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Ortega MA, Gómez-Sánchez MJ, Díaz D, Jaén-Olasolo P, Álvarez-Mon M. Immunomodulation with AM3 and antioxidants creates an adequate framework for skin repair and decreases the monocyte proinflammatory stage in smoker women. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115929. [PMID: 38070248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking has been considering a crucial factor in promoting skin and systemic aging that is associated with the development of a low-level, systemic, chronic inflammation known as "inflammaging" in which monocytes play a pivotal role. Our aim was to investigate the effects of AM3 plus antioxidants vs placebo in the activation status, function of monocytes and cutaneous aging parameters in healthy smoker middle-aged women. A total of 32 women were 1:1 randomly assigned to AM3 plus antioxidants or placebo for three months. Peripheral mononuclear blood cells and cutaneous biopsy were obtained and flow cytometry and immunohistological studies, respectively, were performed before and after the treatment. AM3 plus antioxidants treatment compared with placebo significantly reduced the monocyte production of the proinflammatory interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokines as well as increased the regulatory IL-10 in middle-aged smoker women. Furthermore, AM3 and antioxidants did not modify ROS production by monocytes and granulocytes but increased their phagocytic activity. The active combination also stimulated a significative increase in reticular dermis depth as well as an increase in the expression of CD117 and CD31. Thus, AM3 and antioxidants treatment reduces the systemic proinflammatory monocyte disturbance of heathy smoker middle-aged women and encourage skin repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea López-Suárez
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Haro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-González
- Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Medical department, Cantabria Labs, 28043 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Eraña-Tomás
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jimenez Díaz Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Cuevas-Santos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Díaz
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jaén-Olasolo
- Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
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Haro S, Gomez-Lahoz AM, Monserrat J, Atienza-Pérez M, Fraile-Martinez O, Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Díaz D, Lopez-Dolado E, Álvarez-Mon M. Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Display a Progressive Alteration over the Years of the Activation Stages of the T Lymphocyte Compartment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17596. [PMID: 38139422 PMCID: PMC10744286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition associated with severe morbidities and disability. Chronic SCI patients present an enhanced susceptibility to infections and comorbidities with inflammatory pathogenesis. Chronic SCI appears to be associated with a systemic dysfunction of the immune system. We investigated the alteration of the pivotal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with chronic SCI at different years of evolution. A clinically homogenous population of 105 patients with chronic SCI (31 with time of evolution less than 5 years (SCI SP); 32 early chronic (SCI ECP) with time of evolution between 5 and 15 years; and 42 late chronic (SCI LCP) with time of evolution more than 15 years) and 38 healthy controls were enrolled. SCI ECP and SCI LCP patients showed significant CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphopenia, ascribed to a reduction in naïve and CM subsets. Furthermore, SCI ECP and SCI LCP patients showed a significant reduction in the expression of CD28 on CD8+ T lymphocytes. The expression of CCR6 by CD4+ T lymphocytes was decreased during the evolution of chronic SCI, but on CD8+ T lymphocytes, it was observed during the first 15 years of evolution. In conclusion, the chronic SCI course with severe damage to T lymphocytes mainly worsens over the years of disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Haro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gomez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Atienza-Pérez
- Service of Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegic Patients, Carr. de la Peraleda, S/N, 45004 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Lopez-Dolado
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Service of Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegic Patients, Carr. de la Peraleda, S/N, 45004 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Crta N-II km 33.6, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (S.H.); (A.M.G.-L.); (J.M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.); (E.L.-D.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service and Internal Medicine, Prince of Asturias University Hospital (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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Téllez de Meneses PG, Pérez-Revuelta L, Canal-Alonso Á, Hernández-Pérez C, Cocho T, Valero J, Weruaga E, Díaz D, Alonso JR. Immunohistochemical distribution of secretagogin in the mouse brain. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1224342. [PMID: 37711587 PMCID: PMC10498459 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1224342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calcium is essential for the correct functioning of the central nervous system, and calcium-binding proteins help to finely regulate its concentration. Whereas some calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin are ubiquitous and are present in many cell types, others such as calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin are expressed in specific neuronal populations. Secretagogin belongs to this latter group and its distribution throughout the brain is only partially known. In the present work, the distribution of secretagogin-immunopositive cells was studied in the entire brain of healthy adult mice. Methods Adult male C57BL/DBA mice aged between 5 and 7 months were used. Their whole brain was sectioned and used for immunohistochemistry. Specific neural populations were observed in different zones and nuclei identified according to Paxinos mouse brain atlas. Results Labelled cells were found with a Golgi-like staining, allowing an excellent characterization of their dendritic and axonal arborizations. Many secretagogin-positive cells were observed along different encephalic regions, especially in the olfactory bulb, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus. Immunostained populations were very heterogenous in both size and distribution, as some nuclei presented labelling in their entire extension, but in others, only scattered cells were present. Discussion Secretagogin can provide a more complete vision of calcium-buffering mechanisms in the brain, and can be a useful neuronal marker in different brain areas for specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G. Téllez de Meneses
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Canal-Alonso
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Bioinformatics, Intelligent Systems and Educational Technology (BISITE) Research Group, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernández-Pérez
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teresa Cocho
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R. Alonso
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Haro S, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, De Leon-Oliva D, Gomez-Lahoz AM, Monserrat J, Atienza-Pérez M, Díaz D, Lopez-Dolado E, Álvarez-Mon M. A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:26. [PMID: 37291666 PMCID: PMC10251601 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event (primary injury). This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage (secondary injury). The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI, explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this condition. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE) is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism, considering the mind and the body as a whole. The initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune, endocrine, and multisystem dysfunction, which in turn affect the patient's psyche and well-being. In the present review, we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective, defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are interconnected. Finally, potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Haro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gomez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Atienza-Pérez
- Service of Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegic Patients, Carr. de la Peraleda, S/N, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Lopez-Dolado
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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8
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Pérez-Martín E, Pérez-Revuelta L, Barahona-López C, Pérez-Boyero D, Alonso JR, Díaz D, Weruaga E. Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Modulates Both Neuroinflammation and Microgliosis, and Prevents Massive Leukocyte Infiltration to the Cerebellum in a Mouse Model of Neuronal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119691. [PMID: 37298639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve an exacerbated neuroinflammatory response led by microglia that triggers cytokine storm and leukocyte infiltration into the brain. PPARα agonists partially dampen this neuroinflammation in some models of brain insult, but neuronal loss was not the triggering cause in any of them. This study examines the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of the PPARα agonist oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse, which exhibits striking neuroinflammation caused by aggressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining, we quantified changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, microglial density and marker-based phenotype, and overall leukocyte recruitment at different time points after OEA administration. OEA was found to modulate cerebellar neuroinflammation by increasing the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators at the onset of neurodegeneration and decreasing it over time. OEA also enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factors and the Pparα gene. Regarding microgliosis, OEA reduced microglial density-especially in regions where it is preferentially located in PCD mice-and shifted the microglial phenotype towards an anti-inflammatory state. Finally, OEA prevented massive leukocyte infiltration into the cerebellum. Overall, our findings suggest that OEA may change the environment to protect neurons from degeneration caused by exacerbated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pérez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Barahona-López
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Boyero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Martínez M, López JC, Molina J, Sorribas M, Arancón M, de Simón R, Díaz D, Trillo-Calvo E, Gómez JT, Fernández-Conde F, Alegría M, Artés M, Calle C, Foot H, Sánchez-Covisa J. Psychometric properties of the Spanish SABA Reliance Questionnaire (SRQ) among patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023; 2:100077. [PMID: 37780788 PMCID: PMC10509952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Patient beliefs about their asthma and its treatment may contribute to overreliance on short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) therapy, leading to increased risk for potentially life-threatening exacerbations. The SABA Reliance Questionnaire (SRQ) is a validated tool for evaluating patients beliefs about SABAs that may lead to overreliance and overuse. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SRQ. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-country questionnaire validation study in adults with asthma. Reliability (ordinal α) and validity (convergent and discriminant) of SRQ were evaluated. Concurrent validity was assessed with the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, and a visual analog scale item to assess patients' perceptions of the importance of their reliever inhaler. Discriminant validity was assessed through differences in mean SRQ sum score between patients with high adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and those with low adherence, as measured by the Medication Adherence Report Scale-9 and the Test of Adherence to Inhalers. Results The Spanish-SRQ exhibited good psychometric properties among 131 patients with asthma. Internal consistency was confirmed with an ordinal α of 0.85. All 5 items were useful for measuring patients' beliefs about SABAs that may lead them to be overreliant on SABAs. Concurrent validity with the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire, Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, and a visual analog scale item assessing patients' perceptions of the importance of their reliever inhaler was demonstrated. Conclusion The Spanish version of the SRQ is a valid tool for evaluating potential overreliance on SABAs in Spanish-speaking patients to enable early intervention and support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús Molina
- Centro de Salud Francia, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Raúl de Simón
- Centro de Salud Luis Vives, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Centro de Salud Los Barrios, Algeciras, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Holly Foot
- Spoonful of Sugar, Hove, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Pérez-Boyero D, Hernández-Pérez C, Valero J, Cabedo VL, Alonso JR, Díaz D, Weruaga E. The eNOS isoform exhibits increased expression and activation in the main olfactory bulb of nNOS knock-out mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1120836. [PMID: 37006472 PMCID: PMC10061100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The main olfactory bulb (MOB) is a neural structure that processes olfactory information. Among the neurotransmitters present in the MOB, nitric oxide (NO) is particularly relevant as it performs a wide variety of functions. In this structure, NO is produced mainly by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) but also by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The MOB is considered a region with great plasticity and the different NOS also show great plasticity. Therefore, it could be considered that this plasticity could compensate for various dysfunctional and pathological alterations. We examined the possible plasticity of iNOS and eNOS in the MOB in the absence of nNOS. For this, wild-type and nNOS knock-out (nNOS-KO) mice were used. We assessed whether the absence of nNOS expression could affect the olfactory capacity of mice, followed by the analysis of the expression and distribution of the NOS isoforms using qPCR and immunofluorescence. NO production in MOB was examined using both the Griess and histochemical NADPH-diaphorase reactions. The results indicate nNOS-KO mice have reduced olfactory capacity. We observed that in the nNOS-KO animal, there is an increase both in the expression of eNOS and NADPH-diaphorase, but no apparent change in the level of NO generated in the MOB. It can be concluded that the level of eNOS in the MOB of nNOS-KO is related to the maintenance of normal levels of NO. Therefore, our findings suggest that nNOS could be essential for the proper functioning of the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-Boyero
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernández-Pérez
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Valeria Lorena Cabedo
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: David Díaz,
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla and León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Eduardo Weruaga,
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11
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Garrabou J, Gómez‐Gras D, Medrano A, Cerrano C, Ponti M, Schlegel R, Bensoussan N, Turicchia E, Sini M, Gerovasileiou V, Teixido N, Mirasole A, Tamburello L, Cebrian E, Rilov G, Ledoux J, Souissi JB, Khamassi F, Ghanem R, Benabdi M, Grimes S, Ocaña O, Bazairi H, Hereu B, Linares C, Kersting DK, la Rovira G, Ortega J, Casals D, Pagès‐Escolà M, Margarit N, Capdevila P, Verdura J, Ramos A, Izquierdo A, Barbera C, Rubio‐Portillo E, Anton I, López‐Sendino P, Díaz D, Vázquez‐Luis M, Duarte C, Marbà N, Aspillaga E, Espinosa F, Grech D, Guala I, Azzurro E, Farina S, Cristina Gambi M, Chimienti G, Montefalcone M, Azzola A, Mantas TP, Fraschetti S, Ceccherelli G, Kipson S, Bakran‐Petricioli T, Petricioli D, Jimenez C, Katsanevakis S, Kizilkaya IT, Kizilkaya Z, Sartoretto S, Elodie R, Ruitton S, Comeau S, Gattuso J, Harmelin J. Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5708-5725. [PMID: 35848527 PMCID: PMC9543131 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015-2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Daniel Gómez‐Gras
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alba Medrano
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dept of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
- Fano Marine CentreFanoItaly
| | - Massimo Ponti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
| | - Robert Schlegel
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
| | - Nathaniel Bensoussan
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Eva Turicchia
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
| | - Maria Sini
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of the AegeanMytileneGreece
| | - Vasilis Gerovasileiou
- Department of Environment, Faculty of EnvironmentIonian UniversityZakynthosGreece
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR)Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC)HeraklionGreece
| | - Nuria Teixido
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
| | - Alice Mirasole
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
| | - Laura Tamburello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC)GironaSpain
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of OceanographyIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR)HaifaIsrael
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- CIIMAR‐Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoMatosinhosPortugal
| | - Jamila Ben Souissi
- National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaTunis University of CarthageTunisTunisia
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory‐LR11ES09University of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Faten Khamassi
- National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaTunis University of CarthageTunisTunisia
| | - Raouia Ghanem
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory‐LR11ES09University of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | | | - Samir Grimes
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement (ENSSMAL)AlgerAlgeria
| | | | - Hocein Bazairi
- Laboratory 'Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome', Faculty of SciencesMohamed V University in RabatRabatMorocco
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Diego Kurt Kersting
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Graciel la Rovira
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Júlia Ortega
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Casals
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Pagès‐Escolà
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Núria Margarit
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pol Capdevila
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Alfonso Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología AplicadaUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | | | - Carmen Barbera
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología AplicadaUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | | | | | | | - David Díaz
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO‐CSIC)Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | | | - Carlos Duarte
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abudllah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis AvançatsMallorcaSpain
| | - Nuria Marbà
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis AvançatsMallorcaSpain
| | | | - Free Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biología MarinaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | | | - Ivan Guala
- IMC—International Marine CentreOristanoItaly
| | - Ernesto Azzurro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
- CNR‐IRBIM, NR‐IRBIM, National Research CouncilInstitute of Biological Resources and Marine BiotechnologiesAnconaItaly
| | - Simone Farina
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine EcologyGenoa Marine CentreGenoaItaly
| | | | - Giovanni Chimienti
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Monica Montefalcone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Annalisa Azzola
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | | | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Silvija Kipson
- SEAFANZagrebCroatia
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Donat Petricioli
- D.I.I.V. Ltd for Marine, Freshwater and Subterranean EcologySaliCroatia
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- Enalia Physis Environmental Research CentreNicosiaCyprus
- The Cyprus Institute Energy Environment and Water Research CenterAglantziaCyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandrine Ruitton
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Steeve Comeau
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Gattuso
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations. Sciences PoParisFrance
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12
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Del Pilar C, Lebrón-Galán R, Pérez-Martín E, Pérez-Revuelta L, Ávila-Zarza CA, Alonso JR, Clemente D, Weruaga E, Díaz D. The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:773696. [PMID: 34916910 PMCID: PMC8671039 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.773696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is reciprocally associated with impairments in peripheral immune responses. We investigated different contexts of selective neurodegeneration to identify specific alterations of peripheral immune cells and, at the same time, discover potential biomarkers associated to this pathological condition. Consequently, a model of human cerebellar degeneration and ataxia -the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse- has been employed, as it allows the study of different processes of selective neuronal death in the same animal, i.e., Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Infiltrated leukocytes were studied in both brain areas and compared with those from other standardized neuroinflammatory models obtained by administering either gamma radiation or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, both myeloid and lymphoid splenic populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on markers of functional maturity and antigen presentation. The severity and type of neural damage and inflammation affected immune cell infiltration. Leukocytes were more numerous in the cerebellum of PCD mice, being located predominantly within those cerebellar layers mostly affected by neurodegeneration, in a completely different manner than the typical models of induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the milder degeneration of the olfactory bulb did not foster leukocyte attraction. Concerning the splenic analysis, in PCD mice we found: (1) a decreased percentage of several myeloid cell subsets, and (2) a reduced mean fluorescence intensity in those myeloid markers related to both antigen presentation and functional maturity. In conclusion, the selective degeneration of Purkinje cells triggers a specific effect on peripheral immune cells, fostering both attraction and functional changes. This fact endorses the employment of peripheral immune cell populations as concrete biomarkers for monitoring different neuronal death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Pilar
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.,SESCAM (Servicio de Salud de Castile-La-Mancha), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Ester Pérez-Martín
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza
- IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Applied Statistics Group, Department of Statistics, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.,SESCAM (Servicio de Salud de Castile-La-Mancha), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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13
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Contreras-Reyes E, Díaz D, Bello-González JP, Slezak K, Potin B, Comte D, Maksymowicz A, Ruiz JA, Osses A, Ruiz S. Subduction zone fluids and arc magmas conducted by lithospheric deformed regions beneath the central Andes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23078. [PMID: 34845293 PMCID: PMC8630066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration of the oceanic subducting slab promotes the formation of magmatic arcs, intra-slab intermediate-depth seismicity, and hydration of the overlying mantle wedge. However, the complex permeability structure of the overriding plate controls the magma and fluid migration and their accumulation at shallower depths. In this regard, mapping the inner structure of the overriding crust and mantle is crucial to understand the magmatic and hydrological processes in subduction zones. We integrate 3-D P-wave, [Formula: see text], and electrical resistivity tomographic models of the northern Chilean subduction zone to map the magmatic and fluids derived from the subducting oceanic Nazca plate. Results show a continental crust relatively thick (50-65 km) characterized by a lower zone of high [Formula: see text] values (7.2-7.6 km/s), which is interpreted as the presence of plutonic rocks. The mantle lithospheric wedge is weakly hydrated ([Formula: see text] = 1.75-1.8) while the forearc continental crust is traversed by regions of reduced electrical resistivity values ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]) interpreted as zones of relatively high permeability/fracturing and fluid content. These regions spatially correlate with upper plate trans-lithospheric deformation zones. Ascending melts accumulate preferentially in the back-arc, whereas hydrothermal systems form trenchward of the volcanic arc. The results highlight the complex permeability structure of the upper South American plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Contreras-Reyes
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile.
| | - D Díaz
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de Los Andes, CEGA, Santiago, Chile
| | - J P Bello-González
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Slezak
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Potin
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Comte
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Maksymowicz
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Ruiz
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Osses
- Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Ruiz
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
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Pérez-Cruz L, Cruz-Zaragoza E, Díaz D, Alcántara JMH, García EC, Camarillo-García I, Sánchez HM. Synthesis, optical and thermoluminescence properties of thulium-doped KMgF 3 fluoroperovskite. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 177:109913. [PMID: 34450415 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
KMgF3 fluoroperovskite doped with thulium at different concentrations were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The phase composition and the thermal stability up to 600 °C of the polycrystals were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The KMgF3 at 1.0 mol% of Tm polycrystals showed the best thermal stability and did not present another phase. The gamma radiation (0.1-10 kGy) effect in thulium-doped KMgF3 produced the F color centers, and their aggregates such as F2, and F3 centers. The F centers, and the potassium vacancies (VK-) in the fluoroperosvkites were analyzed by the optical absorption and emission measurements. Optical absorption at 275 nm and 443 nm were assigned to F and F2, respectively, in undoped KMgF3. Tm-doped fluoroperovskite shows the optical absorption bands at 277, 393, 432, and 577 nm, which were ascribed to the F, F3, F2 and VK- centers, respectively. When the F band for undoped polycrystals was excited at 275 nm, a clear emission associated with F2 and F3 centers was observed. In the case of Tm-doped, an enhancement of the blue emission at 457 nm occurred and a UV band (354 nm) was observed upon exciting the F band. The blue emission of thulium was overlapped with the F3 color center band. The emission bands at 457 and 354 nm were ascribed to 1D2 - 3F4 and 1D2 - 3H6 transitions of Tm in KMgF3. The optical absorption and glow curves were investigated too. The glow curves were assisted by the color centers, vacancies, and thulium impurity. Thermal bleaching shows that the F center was the main participant to give rise to the TL intensity of the glow curves. Thulium acts as a deep electron trap in the bandgap of the KMgF3 fluoroperovskites forming TL peak at the higher temperature, from 430 to 408 °C. The absorption, emission, and thermoluminescence glow peaks of the undoped and Tm-doped KMgF3 were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pérez-Cruz
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-543, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Cruz-Zaragoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-543, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - D Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J M Hernández Alcántara
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 20364, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Camarillo García
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 20364, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Camarillo-García
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco, 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - H Murrieta Sánchez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 20364, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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15
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16
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Pérez-Martín E, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Moutin MJ, Ávila-Zarza CA, Muñoz-Castañeda JM, Del Pilar C, Alonso JR, Andrieux A, Díaz D, Weruaga E. Oleoylethanolamide Delays the Dysfunction and Death of Purkinje Cells and Ameliorates Behavioral Defects in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1748-1767. [PMID: 33829414 PMCID: PMC8609004 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endocannabinoid that has been proposed to prevent neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of OEA on the disruption of both cerebellar structure and physiology and on the behavior of Purkinje cell degeneration (PCD) mutant mice. These mice exhibit cerebellar degeneration, displaying microtubule alterations that trigger the selective loss of Purkinje cells and consequent behavioral impairments. The effects of different doses (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and administration schedules (chronic and acute) of OEA were assessed at the behavioral, histological, cellular, and molecular levels to determine the most effective OEA treatment regimen. Our in vivo results demonstrated that OEA treatment prior to the onset of the preneurodegenerative phase prevented morphological alterations in Purkinje neurons (the somata and dendritic arbors) and decreased Purkinje cell death. This effect followed an inverted U-shaped time-response curve, with acute administration on postnatal day 12 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) being the most effective treatment regimen tested. Indeed, PCD mice that received this specific OEA treatment regimen showed improvements in motor, cognitive and social functions, which were impaired in these mice. Moreover, these in vivo neuroprotective effects of OEA were mediated by the PPARα receptor, as pretreatment with the PPARα antagonist GW6471 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished them. Finally, our in vitro results suggested that the molecular effect of OEA was related to microtubule stability and structure since OEA administration normalized some alterations in microtubule features in PCD-like cells. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the use of OEA as a pharmacological agent to limit severe cerebellar neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pérez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- GIN, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Inserm, U121638000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carmelo A Ávila-Zarza
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Muñoz-Castañeda
- Department of Theoretical, Atomic and Optical Physics, University of Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pilar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Annie Andrieux
- GIN, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Inserm, U121638000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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17
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Abstract
![]()
Fraction
collectors are common pieces of equipment that are essential
for the activity of many biochemistry, pharmacology, and drug discovery
laboratories. However, these devices are not very versatile when it
comes to tailoring them to specific needs, such as different size
collection tubes, sequences of tube exchange, or parallel collection.
In addition, these systems are relatively expensive, especially for
small laboratories or for those in less developed countries. The emergence
of 3D printers and the availability of cheap, popular electronic control
devices are changing the way laboratory equipment can be made and
designed. Here, we describe how to build your own fraction collector,
indicating all the elements and providing the full instructions needed
to make a fraction collector that can be adapted to almost any kind
of rack and tubes (3D files, the parts required, the electronic circuits,
and the software). This device can be used in complex protocols, adapted
to liquid chromatography and for parallel collection from perfused
tissues. The total cost of the whole device is around €100.
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18
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Assis MA, Díaz D, Ferrado R, Ávila-Zarza CA, Weruaga E, Ambrosio E. Transplantation with Lewis bone marrow induces the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in male F344 resistant rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:23-34. [PMID: 33278561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges to understand drug addiction is defining the biological mechanisms that underlie individual differences in recidivism. Studies of these mechanisms have mainly focused on the brain, yet we demonstrate here a significant influence of the peripheral immune system on this phenomenon. Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats have different immunological profiles and they display a distinct vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of cocaine, with F344 more resistant to reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior. Bone marrow from male LEW and F344 rats was transferred to male F344 rats (F344/LEW-BM and F344/F344-BM, respectively), and these rats were trained to self-administer cocaine over 21 days. Following extinction, these animals received a sub-threshold primer dose of cocaine to evaluate reinstatement. F344/LEW-BM but not F344/F344-BM rats reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior, in conjunction with changes in their peripheral immune cell populations to a profile that corresponded to that of the LEW donors. After cocaine exposure, higher CD4+ T-cells and lower CD4+CD25+ T-cells levels were observed in F344/LEW-BM rats referred to control, and the splenic expression of Il-17a, Tgf-β, Tlr-2, Tlr-4 and Il-1β was altered in both groups. We propose that peripheral T-cells respond to cocaine, with CD4+ T-cells in particular undergoing Th17 polarization and generating long-term memory, these cells releasing mediators that trigger central mechanisms to induce reinstatement after a second encounter. This immune response may explain the high rates of recidivism observed despite long periods of detoxification, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the vulnerability and resilience of specific individuals, and opening new perspectives for personalized medicine in the treatment of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Assis
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Ferrado
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Grupo de Estadística Aplicada, Departamento de Estadísticas, USAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Pérez-Revuelta L, Téllez de Meneses PG, López M, Briñón JG, Weruaga E, Díaz D, Alonso JR. Secretagogin expression in the mouse olfactory bulb under sensory impairments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21533. [PMID: 33299042 PMCID: PMC7726155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The interneurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) are characterized by the expression of different calcium-binding proteins, whose specific functions are not fully understood. This is the case of one of the most recently discovered, the secretagogin (SCGN), which is expressed in interneurons of the glomerular and the granule cell layers, but whose function in the olfactory pathway is still unknown. To address this question, we examined the distribution, generation and activity of SCGN-positive interneurons in the OB of two complementary models of olfactory impairments: Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) and olfactory-deprived mice. Our results showed a significant increase in the density of SCGN-positive cells in the inframitral layers of olfactory-deprived mice as compared to control animals. Moreover, BrdU analyses revealed that these additional SCGN-positive cells are not newly formed. Finally, the neuronal activity, estimated by c-Fos expression, increased in preexisting SCGN-positive interneurons of both deprived and PCD mice -being higher in the later- in comparison with control animals. Altogether, our results suggest that the OB possesses different compensatory mechanisms depending on the type of alteration. Particularly, the SCGN expression is dependent of olfactory stimuli and its function may be related to a compensation against a reduction in sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pérez-Revuelta
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - P G Téllez de Meneses
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M López
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J G Briñón
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - E Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - J R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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20
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Rizo J, Díaz D, Reyes-Trejo B, Arellano-Jiménez MJ. Cu 2O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:1546-1555. [PMID: 33133999 PMCID: PMC7590623 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methyl parathion (MP) is one of the most neurotoxic pesticides. An inexpensive and reliable one-step degradation method of MP was achieved through an aqueous suspension of copper(I) oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Three different NPs sizes (16, 29 and 45 nm), determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were synthesized using a modified Benedict's reagent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that the hydrolytic degradation of MP leads to the formation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) as the main product. While the P=S bond of MP becomes P=O, confirmed by 31P NMR. Although Cu2O is a widely known photocatalyst, the degradation of methyl parathion was associated to the surface basicity of Cu2O NPs. Indirect evidence for the basicity of Cu2O NPs was achieved through UV-vis absorption of 4-NPh. Likewise, it was shown that the surface basicity increases with decreasing nanoparticle size. The presence of CuCO3 on the surface of Cu2O, identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), passivates its surface and consequently diminishes the degradation of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rizo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México
| | - David Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México
| | - Benito Reyes-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, México
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21
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Luque L, Rodrigo T, García-García JM, Casals M, Millet JP, Caylà J, Orcau A, Agüero R, Alcázar J, Altet N, Altube L, Álvarez F, Anibarro L, Barrón M, Bermúdez P, Bikuña E, Blanquer R, Borderías L, Bustamante A, Calpe J, Caminero J, Cañas F, Casas F, Casas X, Cases E, Castejón N, Castrodeza R, Cebrián J, Cervera A, Ciruelos J, Delgado A, De Souza M, Díaz D, Domínguez M, Fernández B, Gallardo J, Gallego M, Clemente MG, García C, García F, Garros F, Gort A, Guerediaga A, Gullón J, Hidalgo C, Iglesias M, Jiménez G, Jiménez M, Kindelan J, Laparra J, López I, Lera R, Lloret T, Marín M, Lacasa XM, Martínez E, Martínez A, Medina J, Melero C, Milà C, Millet J, Mir I, Molina F, Morales C, Morales M, Moreno A, Moreno V, Muñoz A, Muñoz C, Muñoz J, Muñoz L, Oribe M, Parra I, Penas A, Pérez J, Rivas P, Rodríguez J, Ruiz-Manzano J, Sala J, Sandel D, Sánchez M, Sánchez M, Sánchez P, Santamaría I, Sanz F, Serrano A, Somoza M, Tabernero E, Trujillo E, Valencia E, Valiño P, Vargas A, Vidal I, Vidal R, Villanueva M, Villar A, Vizcaya M, Zabaleta M, Zubillaga G. Factors Associated With Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Spain and Its Distribution in Immigrant Population. Open Respiratory Archives 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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22
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Aguilar-Valdez N, Esturau-Escofet N, González-Antonio O, Romero-Ávila M, Flores-Pérez B, Leyva MA, Díaz D, Santillan R, Farfán N. Synthesis, complete NMR assignment and structural study of a steroidal dimer of 17α-ethynyl-5α,10α-estran-17β-ol with diethynylbenzene spacer. Steroids 2020; 157:108606. [PMID: 32084503 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A phenylene-bridged steroidal dimer derived from 17α-ethynyl-5α,10α-estran-17β-ol with molecular rotor-like architecture was synthesized to investigate the supramolecular interactions directing the crystallization of these systems. Structures with varying importance in complementarity between H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions can be observed directing the packing of the obtained crystals, depending on the synthetic stage, though conserving the same space group for both systems. Such behavior clearly shows the versatility achievable using steroids as crystal packing directors. Alongside this structural study, the complete NMR assignment is presented for the dimer, and precursors, in which the steroids present an unconventional and noteworthy A-B ring fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Aguilar-Valdez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar González-Antonio
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Romero-Ávila
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Blas Flores-Pérez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A Leyva
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico
| | - David Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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23
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Muñoz-Reyes JA, Polo P, Valenzuela N, Pavez P, Ramírez-Herrera O, Figueroa O, Rodriguez-Sickert C, Díaz D, Pita M. The Male Warrior Hypothesis: Testosterone-related Cooperation and Aggression in the Context of Intergroup Conflict. Sci Rep 2020; 10:375. [PMID: 31942026 PMCID: PMC6962424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Male Warrior Hypothesis (MWH) establishes that men's psychology has been shaped by inter-group competition to acquire and protect reproductive resources. In this context, sex-specific selective pressures would have favored cooperation with the members of one's group in combination with hostility towards outsiders. We investigate the role of developmental testosterone, as measured indirectly through static markers of prenatal testosterone (2D:4D digit ratio) and pubertal testosterone (body musculature and facial masculinity), on both cooperation and aggressive behavior in the context of intergroup conflict among men. Supporting the MWH, our results show that the intergroup conflict scenario promotes cooperation within group members and aggression toward outgroup members. Regarding the hormonal underpinnings of this phenomenon, we find that body musculature is positively associated with aggression and cooperation, but only for cooperation when context (inter-group competition) is taken into account. Finally, we did not find evidence that the formidability of the group affected individual rates of aggression or cooperation, controlling for individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Muñoz-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - P Polo
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - N Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - P Pavez
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - O Ramírez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - O Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Rodriguez-Sickert
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Pita
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Muñoz L, Borrero MJ, Úbeda M, Conde E, Del Campo R, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Lario M, Sánchez-Díaz AM, Pastor O, Díaz D, García-Bermejo L, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Albillos A. Intestinal Immune Dysregulation Driven by Dysbiosis Promotes Barrier Disruption and Bacterial Translocation in Rats With Cirrhosis. Hepatology 2019; 70:925-938. [PMID: 30414342 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In cirrhosis, intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier impairment, and systemic immune system abnormalities lead to gut bacterial translocation (GBT) and bacterial infection. However, intestinal immune system dysfunction and its contribution to barrier damage are poorly understood. This study correlates immune system dysregulation in the intestines of rats at different stages of CCl4 -induced cirrhosis with barrier function and pathogenic microbiota. The following variables were addressed in the small intestine: intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) activation status and cytokine production (flow cytometry), cytokine mRNA and protein expression (quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence), microbiota composition of ileum content (16S recombinant DNA massive sequencing), permeability (fecal albumin loss), and epithelial junctions (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence). The intestinal mucosa in rats with cirrhosis showed a proinflammatory pattern of immune dysregulation in IELs and LPLs, which featured the expansion of activated lymphocytes, switch to a T helper 1 (Th1) regulatory pattern, and Th17 reduction. In rats with cirrhosis with ascites, this state was associated with epithelial junction protein disruption, fecal albumin loss, and GBT. Direct correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between elevated interferon gamma (IFNγ)-expressing T cytotoxic LPLs and fecal albumin and between inflammatory taxa abundance and IFNγ-producing immune cells in the ileum. Bowel decontamination led to redistributed microbiota composition, reduced proinflammatory activation of mucosal immune cells, normalized fecal albumin levels, and diminished GBT; but there were no modifications in Th17 depletion. Conclusion: The intestinal mucosa of rats with cirrhosis acquires a proinflammatory profile of immune dysregulation that parallels the severity of cirrhosis; this impaired intestinal immune response is driven by gut dysbiosis and leads to disrupted barrier function, promoting GBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Borrero
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Úbeda
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Conde
- Unidad de Biomarcadores y Dianas Terapéuticas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Red Española de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Rodríguez-Serrano
- Unidad de Biomarcadores y Dianas Terapéuticas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret Lario
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-María Sánchez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Red Española de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Pastor
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura García-Bermejo
- Unidad de Biomarcadores y Dianas Terapéuticas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Méndez M, Kourí V, Pérez L, Alemán Y, Martínez Y, Díaz D, Han R, Pintos Y, Soto Y, Baños Y, Caturla Y, Fonseca C, Pérez J. A7 Co-receptor tropism determined by genotypic assay in HIV-1 non-B subtypes circulating in Cuba: Implications for pathogenesis and Maraviroc resistance. Virus Evol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6735901 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez002.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope (env) gene is involved in binding to the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, thus determining viral tropism. With the aim of genetically characterizing the C2V3 env region of HIV-1 samples from Cuban patients, naive to Maraviroc (MVC) therapy, 115 plasma samples were taken in the period of 2014–6 and analyzed by sequencing of the C2V3 region. HIV-1 subtyping was performed using COMET V.2 and Rega subtyping toolV.3 software. Subtypes were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses using Mega-6. Prediction of co-receptor tropism was performed using the geno2pheno algorithm. The viral mutations associated to MVC resistance were analyzed, as well as the association of the subtype with clinical, epidemiological, virological, and immunological variables. The subtypes detected using the C2V3 region were CRF20, 23, 24_BG (35 patients, 30.4%); Subtype B (33 patients, 28.7%); CRF19_cpx (30 patients, 26.1%); CRF18_cpx (10 patients, 8.7%); and others (7 patients, 6.1%). Overall, 60 per cent of the viruses exhibited R5 phenotype, 14.8 per cent were R5X4 and 25.2 per cent were X4. Interestingly, CRF19_cpx virus was associated with having phenotype X4 [46.7%, P = 0.0047, odds ratio (OR): 3.96, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.59–9.84], with infection in young individuals (39.1%, P = 0.025, OR: 3,548; 95% CI: 1,136–11,077) and with higher values of viral load (P ≤ 0.05). The comparison of the amino acid sequences of the V3 loop showed differences between the B and non-B subtypes (P = 0.0001). Mutations reported to be associated with MVC resistance, were detected in 75.7 per cent of the samples, in positions 11 (6.1%), 13 (49.6%), 25 (6.1%), 316 (7.0%), 323 (11.3%), and 319 (3.5%) of Gp120, particularly in the recombinant forms CRF19_cpx and CRF_BGs. HIV variants that use the CXCR4 co-receptor were associated with more than 10 years of diagnosis, with older individuals, in the AIDS stage, with low CD4 counts and higher viral load levels (P < 0.05). The results support the hypothesis previously stated that CRF19_cpx viruses could be more pathogenic and would have limitations for the use of MVC. The high rate of mutations associated to MVC among non-B Cuban subtypes should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Méndez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - V Kourí
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - L Pérez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Alemán
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Martínez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - D Díaz
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - R Han
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Pintos
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Soto
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Baños
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Caturla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - C Fonseca
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
| | - J Pérez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK), Havana, Cuba
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26
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Díaz D, Del Pilar C, Carretero J, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Daily bone marrow cell transplantations for the management of fast neurodegenerative processes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1702-1711. [PMID: 31272136 DOI: 10.1002/term.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has been proven to be a promising treatment for fighting neurodegenerative diseases. As neuronal replacement presents undeniable complications, the neuroprotection of live neurons arises as the most suitable therapeutic approach. Accordingly, the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. However, these diseases are commonly diagnosed when symptoms have already progressed towards an irreversible degenerative stage. This problem is especially dramatic when neurodegeneration is aggressive and rapidly progresses. One of the most interesting approaches for neuroprotection is the fusion between healthy bone marrow-derived cells and neurons, as the former can provide the latter with regular/protective genes without harming brain parenchyma. So far, this phenomenon has only been identified in Purkinje cells, whose death is the cause of different diseases like cerebellar ataxias. Here we have employed a model of aggressive cerebellar neurodegeneration, the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mouse, to optimize a cell therapy based on bone marrow-derived cell and cell fusion. Our findings show that the substitution of bone marrow in diseased animals by healthy bone marrow, even prior to the onset of neurodegeneration, is not fast enough to stop neuronal loss in time. Conversely, avoiding bone marrow replacement and ensuring a regular supply of healthy cells through continuous, daily transplants, the neurodegenerative milieu of PCD is enough to attract those transplanted elements. Furthermore, in the most affected cerebellar regions, more than a half of surviving neurons undergo a process of cell fusion. Therefore, this method deserves consideration as a means to impede neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pilar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
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27
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Baltanás FC, Berciano MT, Tapia O, Narcis JO, Lafarga V, Díaz D, Weruaga E, Santos E, Lafarga M. Nucleolin reorganization and nucleolar stress in Purkinje cells of mutant PCD mice. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:312-322. [PMID: 30905767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration (pcd) mouse harbors a mutation in Agtpbp1 gene that encodes for the cytosolic carboxypeptidase, CCP1. The mutation causes degeneration and death of PCs during the postnatal life, resulting in clinical and pathological manifestation of cerebellar ataxia. Monogenic biallelic damaging variants in the Agtpbp1 gene cause infantile-onset neurodegeneration and cerebellar atrophy, linking loss of functional CCP1 with human neurodegeneration. Although CCP1 plays a key role in the regulation of tubulin stabilization, its loss of function in PCs leads to a severe nuclear phenotype with heterochromatinization and accumulation of DNA damage. Therefore, the pcd mice provides a useful neuronal model to investigate nuclear mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration, particularly the nucleolar stress. In this study, we demonstrated that the Agtpbp1 gene mutation induces a p53-dependent nucleolar stress response in PCs, which is characterized by nucleolar fragmentation, nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic mislocalization of nucleolin, and dysfunction of both pre-rRNA processing and mRNA translation. RT-qPCR analysis revealed reduction of mature 18S rRNA, with a parallel increase of its intermediate 18S-5'-ETS precursor, that correlates with a reduced expression of Fbl mRNA, which encodes an essential factor for rRNA processing. Moreover, nucleolar alterations were accompanied by a reduction of PTEN mRNA and protein levels, which appears to be related to the chromosome instability and accumulation of DNA damage in degenerating PCs. Our results highlight the essential contribution of nucleolar stress to PC degeneration and also underscore the nucleoplasmic mislocalization of nucleolin as a potential indicator of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Baltanás
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María T Berciano
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Narcis
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability, "Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas" (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anat and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
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28
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Grijalvo S, Puras G, Zárate J, Sainz-Ramos M, Qtaish NAL, López T, Mashal M, Attia N, Díaz D, Pons R, Fernández E, Pedraz JL, Eritja R. Cationic Niosomes as Non-Viral Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Challenges and Opportunities in Gene Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E50. [PMID: 30678296 PMCID: PMC6409589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic niosomes have become important non-viral vehicles for transporting a good number of small drug molecules and macromolecules. Growing interest shown by these colloidal nanoparticles in therapy is determined by their structural similarities to liposomes. Cationic niosomes are usually obtained from the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactant molecules. This process can be governed not only by the nature of such surfactants but also by others factors like the presence of additives, formulation preparation and properties of the encapsulated hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. This review is aimed at providing recent information for using cationic niosomes for gene delivery purposes with particular emphasis on improving the transportation of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), aptamers and plasmids (pDNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Puras
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jon Zárate
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Myriam Sainz-Ramos
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Nuseibah A L Qtaish
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Tania López
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Noha Attia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ramon Pons
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
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29
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Grinyó J, Viladrich N, Díaz D, Muñoz A, Mallol S, Salazar J, Castillo R, Gili JM, Gori A. Reproduction, energy storage and metabolic requirements in a mesophotic population of the gorgonian Paramuricea macrospina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203308. [PMID: 30256802 PMCID: PMC6157850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the sexual reproductive cycle, energy storage and metabolic requirements of a Mediterranean gorgonian in a mesophotic ecosystem (~70 m depth). Paramuricea macrospina resulted to be a gonochoric internal brooding species with a 1:1 population sex ratio. Oogenesis lasted ~12–14 months, whereas spermatogenesis was significantly shorter, only lasting 6 months. Fertilization occurred during late summer (August) and larval release occurred during autumn (September–October). The organic matter and total lipid content showed a slight seasonal variability. Stable isotopic composition remained constant throughout the year, reflecting a general stability in gorgonian food sources. Conversely, the free fatty acid composition varied seasonally, reflecting changes in P. macrospina energetic demands probably related to gametogenesis and larval brooding. The reproductive ecology and biochemical composition of P. macrospina significantly differ from shallow coastal gorgonian species, reflecting the higher environmental stability of deeper environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Grinyó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Núria Viladrich
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciències i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Anabel Muñoz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sandra Mallol
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Janire Salazar
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Gili
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Gori
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Muñoz-Castañeda R, Díaz D, Peris L, Andrieux A, Bosc C, Muñoz-Castañeda JM, Janke C, Alonso JR, Moutin MJ, Weruaga E. Cytoskeleton stability is essential for the integrity of the cerebellum and its motor- and affective-related behaviors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3072. [PMID: 29449678 PMCID: PMC5814431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum plays a key role in motor tasks, but its involvement in cognition is still being considered. Although there is an association of different psychiatric and cognitive disorders with cerebellar impairments, the lack of time-course studies has hindered the understanding of the involvement of cerebellum in cognitive and non-motor functions. Such association was here studied using the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mutant mouse, a model of selective and progressive cerebellar degeneration that lacks the cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1 (CCP1). The effects of the absence of this enzyme on the cerebellum of mutant mice were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. These analyses were carried out longitudinally (throughout both the pre-neurodegenerative and neurodegenerative stages) and different motor and non-motor tests were performed. We demonstrate that the lack of CCP1 affects microtubule dynamics and flexibility, defects that contribute to the morphological alterations of the Purkinje cells (PCs), and to progressive cerebellar breakdown. Moreover, this degeneration led not only to motor defects but also to gradual cognitive impairments, directly related to the progression of cellular damage. Our findings confirm the cerebellar implication in non-motor tasks, where the formation of the healthy, typical PCs structure is necessary for normal cognitive and affective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair. Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair. Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leticia Peris
- Inserm, U1216, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm, U1216, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CEA, BIG-GPC, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Inserm, U1216, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - José M Muñoz-Castañeda
- Physics Department, Aeronautics Engineering School, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, F-91405, Orsay, France.,Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75005, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - José R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair. Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Higher Research, University of Tarapaca, Arica, Chile
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Inserm, U1216, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair. Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Lüneberg K, Prado B, Broszat M, Dalkmann P, Díaz D, Huebner J, Amelung W, López-Vidal Y, Siemens J, Grohmann E, Siebe C. Water flow paths are hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in soil. Chemosphere 2018; 193:1198-1206. [PMID: 29874749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes in soil pose a potential risk for human health. They can enter the soil by irrigation with untreated or insufficiently treated waste water. We hypothesized that water flow paths trigger the formation of antibiotic resistance, since they transport antibiotics, multi-resistant bacteria and free resistance genes through the soil. To test this, we irrigated soil cores once or twice with waste water only, or with waste water added with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The treatments also contained a dye to stain the water flow paths and allowed to sample these separately from unstained bulk soil. The fate of SMX and CIP was assessed by sorption experiments, leachate analyses and the quantification of total and extractable SMX and CIP in soil. The abundance of resistance genes to SMX (sul1 and sul2) and to CIP (qnrB and qnrS) was quantified by qPCR. The sorption of CIP was larger than the dye and SMX. Ciprofloxacin accumulated exclusively in the water flow paths but the resistance genes qnrB and qnrS were not detectable. The SMX concentration in the water flow paths doubled the concentration of the bulk soil, as did the abundance of sul genes, particularly sul1 gene. These results suggest that flow paths do function as hotspots for the accumulation of antibiotics and trigger the formation of resistance genes in soil. Their dissemination also depends on the mobility of the antibiotic, which was much larger for SMX than for CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lüneberg
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - B Prado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Broszat
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Dalkmann
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Díaz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Huebner
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany; Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Y López-Vidal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Siemens
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Grohmann
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany; Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Siebe
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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Díaz D, Piquer-Gil M, Recio JS, Martínez-Losa MM, Alonso JR, Weruaga E, Álvarez-Dolado M. Bone marrow transplantation improves motor activity in a mouse model of ataxia. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1950-e1961. [PMID: 29222849 DOI: 10.1002/term.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ataxias are locomotor disorders that can have an origin both neural and muscular, although both impairments are related. Unfortunately, ataxia has no cure, and the current therapies are aimed at motor re-education or muscular reinforcement. Nevertheless, cell therapy is becoming a promising approach to deal with incurable neural diseases, including neuromuscular ataxias. Here, we have used a model of ataxia, the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mutant mouse, to study the effect of healthy (wild-type) bone marrow transplantation on the restoration of defective mobility. Bone marrow transplants (from both mutant and healthy donors) were performed in wild-type and PCD mice. Then, a wide battery of behavioural tests was employed to determine possible motor amelioration in mutants. Finally, cerebellum, spinal cord, and muscle were analysed to study the integration of the transplant-derived cells and the origin of the behavioural changes. Our results demonstrated that the transplant of wild-type bone marrow restores the mobility of PCD mice, increasing their capabilities of movement (52-100% of recovery), exploration (20-71% of recovery), speed (35% of recovery), and motor coordination (25% of recovery). Surprisingly, our results showed that bone marrow transplant notably improves the skeletal muscle structure, which is severely damaged in the mutants, rather than ameliorating the central nervous system. Although a multimodal effect of the transplant is not discarded, muscular improvements appear to be the basis of this motor recovery. Furthermore, the results from our study indicate that bone marrow stem cell therapy can be a safe and effective alternative for dealing with movement disorders such as ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Piquer-Gil
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Neuropathologies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez Recio
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Magdalena Martínez-Losa
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Neuropathologies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
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Ortiz-Quiñonez JL, Zumeta-Dubé I, Díaz D, Nava-Etzana N, Cruz-Zaragoza E, Santiago-Jacinto P. Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Partially Substituted with EuIII, MnIV, and SiIV: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Optical Findings. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3394-3403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noel Nava-Etzana
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, CP 07730 San Bartolo-Atepehuacan,
G. A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
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Aspillaga E, Bartumeus F, Linares C, Starr RM, López-Sanz À, Díaz D, Zabala M, Hereu B. Ordinary and Extraordinary Movement Behaviour of Small Resident Fish within a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159813. [PMID: 27437692 PMCID: PMC4954665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to account for the movement behaviour of fishes when designing effective marine protected areas (MPAs). Fish movements occur across different spatial and temporal scales and understanding the variety of movements is essential to make correct management decisions. This study describes in detail the movement patterns of an economically and commercially important species, Diplodus sargus, within a well-enforced Mediterranean MPA. We monitored horizontal and vertical movements of 41 adult individuals using passive acoustic telemetry for up to one year. We applied novel analysis and visualization techniques to get a comprehensive view of a wide range of movements. D. sargus individuals were highly territorial, moving within small home ranges (< 1 km2), inside which they displayed repetitive diel activity patterns. Extraordinary movements beyond the ordinary home range were observed under two specific conditions. First, during stormy events D. sargus presented a sheltering behaviour, moving to more protected places to avoid the disturbance. Second, during the spawning season they made excursions to deep areas (> 50 m), where they aggregated to spawn. This study advances our understanding about the functioning of an established MPA and provides important insights into the biology and management of a small sedentary species, suggesting the relevance of rare but important fish behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Aspillaga
- Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederic Bartumeus
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Girona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard M. Starr
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, University of California Sea Grant Extension Program, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
| | | | - David Díaz
- Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Otero C, Díaz D, Uriarte I, Bezrodnik L, Finiasz MR, Fink S. Peripheral blood monocyte and T cell subsets in children with specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD). Hum Immunol 2015; 77:12-19. [PMID: 26577026 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD) is a well reported immunodeficiency characterized by a failure to produce antibodies against polyvalent polysaccharide antigens, expressed by encapsulated microorganisms. The clinical presentation of these patients involves recurrent bacterial infections, being the most frequent agent Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. In SPAD patients few reports refer to cells other than B cells. Since the immune response to S. pneumoniae and other encapsulated bacteria was historically considered restricted to B cells, the antibody deficiency seemed enough to justify the repetitive infections in SPAD patients. Our purpose is to determine if the B cell defects reported in SPAD patients are accompanied by defects in other leukocyte subpopulations necessary for the development of a proper adaptive immune response against S. pneumoniae. We here report that age related changes observed in healthy children involving increased percentages of classical monocytes (CD14++ CD16- cells) and decreased intermediate monocytes (CD14++ CD16+ cells), are absent in SPAD patients. Alterations can also be observed in T cells, supporting that the immune deficiency in SPAD patients is more complex than what has been described up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Otero
- Immunology Department, IMEX-CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Díaz
- Immunology, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Uriarte
- Immunology, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Bezrodnik
- Immunology, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M R Finiasz
- Immunology Department, IMEX-CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Fink
- Immunology Department, IMEX-CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Linares C, Vidal M, Canals M, Kersting DK, Amblas D, Aspillaga E, Cebrián E, Delgado-Huertas A, Díaz D, Garrabou J, Hereu B, Navarro L, Teixidó N, Ballesteros E. Persistent natural acidification drives major distribution shifts in marine benthic ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20150587. [PMID: 26511045 PMCID: PMC4650147 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is receiving increasing attention because of its potential to affect marine ecosystems. Rare CO2 vents offer a unique opportunity to investigate the response of benthic ecosystems to acidification. However, the benthic habitats investigated so far are mainly found at very shallow water (less than or equal to 5 m depth) and therefore are not representative of the broad range of continental shelf habitats. Here, we show that a decrease from pH 8.1 to 7.9 observed in a CO2 vent system at 40 m depth leads to a dramatic shift in highly diverse and structurally complex habitats. Forests of the kelp Laminaria rodriguezii usually found at larger depths (greater than 65 m) replace the otherwise dominant habitats (i.e. coralligenous outcrops and rhodolith beds), which are mainly characterized by calcifying organisms. Only the aragonite-calcifying algae are able to survive in acidified waters, while high-magnesium-calcite organisms are almost completely absent. Although a long-term survey of the venting area would be necessary to fully understand the effects of the variability of pH and other carbonate parameters over the structure and functioning of the investigated mesophotic habitats, our results suggest that in addition of significant changes at species level, moderate ocean acidification may entail major shifts in the distribution and dominance of key benthic ecosystems at regional scale, which could have broad ecological and socio-economic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Linares
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - M Vidal
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - M Canals
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - D K Kersting
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - D Amblas
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - E Aspillaga
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - E Cebrián
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Accés Cala St Francesc 14, Blanes, Girona 17300, Spain Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona 17071, Spain
| | - A Delgado-Huertas
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla 18100, Spain
| | - D Díaz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C/ Moll de Ponent s/n, Palma de Mallorca 07015, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - J Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - B Hereu
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - L Navarro
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - N Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro, Ischia, Naples 80077, Italy
| | - E Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Accés Cala St Francesc 14, Blanes, Girona 17300, Spain
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Díaz D, Murias AR, Ávila-Zarza CA, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Aijón J, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Striatal NOS1 has dimorphic expression and activity under stress and nicotine sensitization. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1683-94. [PMID: 26235957 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine exerts its addictive influence through the meso-cortico-limbic reward system, where the striatum is essential. Nicotine addiction involves different neurotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) being especially important, since it triggers the release of the others by positive feedback. In the nervous system, NO is mainly produced by nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1). However, other subtypes of synthases can also synthesize NO, and little is known about the specific role of each isoform in the process of addiction. In parallel, NOS activity and nicotine addiction are also affected by stress and sexual dimorphism. To determine the specific role of this enzyme, we analyzed both NOS expression and NO synthesis in the striatum of wild-type and NOS1-knocked out (KO) mice of both sexes in situations of nicotine sensitization and stress. Our results demonstrated differences between the caudate-putamen (CP) and nucleus accumbens (NA). With respect to NOS1 expression, the CP is a dimorphic region (27.5% lower cell density in males), but with a stable production of NO, exclusively due to this isoform. Thus, the nitrergic system of CP may not be involved in stress or nicotine addiction. Conversely, the NA is much more variable and strongly involved in both situations: its NO synthesis displays dimorphic variations at both basal (68.5% reduction in females) and stress levels (65.9% reduction in males), which disappear when nicotine is infused. Thus, the KO animals showed an increase in NO production (21.7%) in the NA, probably by NOS3, in an attempt to compensate the lack of NOS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Azucena Rodrigo Murias
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Aijón
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
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Bohόrquez C, Ruiz L, Garcia C, Gόmez-La Hoz A, Turriόn A, Moruno H, Pérez A, Sánchez A, Cuende E, Movasat A, Albarrán F, Leόn M, Díaz D, Monserrat J, Άlvarez-Mon M. THU0093 Altered Expression of CD4+CD28- T Lymphocytes in Methotrexate Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bohόrquez C, Ruiz L, Garcia C, Gόmez-La Hoz A, Turriόn A, Moruno H, Pérez A, Sánchez A, Cuende E, Movasat A, Albarrán F, Leόn M, Díaz D, Monserrat J, Άlvarez-Mon M. AB0028 The Abnormal CD4+T Lymphocyte Subset Distribution Shown by Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Can be Modulated by Methotrexate Treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Arizmendi-Mejía R, Linares C, Garrabou J, Antunes A, Ballesteros E, Cebrian E, Díaz D, Ledoux JB. Combining genetic and demographic data for the conservation of a Mediterranean marine habitat-forming species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119585. [PMID: 25774522 PMCID: PMC4361678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of ecological and evolutionary data is highly valuable for conservation planning. However, it has been rarely used in the marine realm, where the adequate design of marine protected areas (MPAs) is urgently needed. Here, we examined the interacting processes underlying the patterns of genetic structure and demographic strucuture of a highly vulnerable Mediterranean habitat-forming species (i.e. Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826)), with particular emphasis on the processes of contemporary dispersal, genetic drift, and colonization of a new population. Isolation by distance and genetic discontinuities were found, and three genetic clusters were detected; each submitted to variations in the relative impact of drift and gene flow. No founder effect was found in the new population. The interplay of ecology and evolution revealed that drift is strongly impacting the smallest, most isolated populations, where partial mortality of individuals was highest. Moreover, the eco-evolutionary analyses entailed important conservation implications for P. clavata. Our study supports the inclusion of habitat-forming organisms in the design of MPAs and highlights the need to account for genetic drift in the development of MPAs. Moreover, it reinforces the importance of integrating genetic and demographic data in marine conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Arizmendi-Mejía
- Departament d´Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament d´Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Accés Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Accés Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia, C/ Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ledoux
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells are probably the best known stem cell type and have been employed for more than 50 years, especially in pathologies related to the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, their potential for therapeutic application is much broader (because these cells can differentiate into hepatocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, pneumocytes or neural cells, among others), and they can also presumably be employed to palliate neural diseases. Current research addressing the integration of bone marrow -derived cells in the neural circuits of the central nervous system together with their features and applications are hotspots in current Neurobiology. Nevertheless, as in other leading research lines the efficacy and possibilities of their therapeutic application depend on the technical procedures employed, which are still far from being standardized. In this chapter we shall explain one of these procedures in depth, namely the transplantation of whole bone marrow from harvested bone marrow stem cells for subsequent integration into the encephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, E-37007, Spain
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García-González D, Murcia-Belmonte V, Esteban PF, Ortega F, Díaz D, Sánchez-Vera I, Lebrón-Galán R, Escobar-Castañondo L, Martínez-Millán L, Weruaga E, García-Verdugo JM, Berninger B, de Castro F. Anosmin-1 over-expression increases adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and neuroblast migration to the olfactory bulb. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:239-60. [PMID: 25300351 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived neuroblasts that migrate via the rostral migratory stream are continuously added to the olfactory bulb (OB) of the adult rodent brain. Anosmin-1 (A1) is an extracellular matrix protein that binds to FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) to exert its biological effects. When mutated as in Kallmann syndrome patients, A1 is associated with severe OB morphogenesis defects leading to anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Here, we show that A1 over-expression in adult mice strongly increases proliferation in the SVZ, mainly with symmetrical divisions, and produces substantial morphological changes in the normal SVZ architecture, where we also report the presence of FGFR1 in almost all SVZ cells. Interestingly, for the first time we show FGFR1 expression in the basal body of primary cilia in neural progenitor cells. Additionally, we have found that A1 over-expression also enhances neuroblast motility, mainly through FGFR1 activity. Together, these changes lead to a selective increase in several GABAergic interneuron populations in different OB layers. These specific alterations in the OB would be sufficient to disrupt the normal processing of sensory information and consequently alter olfactory memory. In summary, this work shows that FGFR1-mediated A1 activity plays a crucial role in the continuous remodelling of the adult OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-González
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
- Clinical Neurobiology, German Center for Cancer Research (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Verónica Murcia-Belmonte
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro F Esteban
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León-INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad mixta de Esclerosis múltiple y neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Luis Martínez-Millán
- Departmento de Neurosciencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León-INCyL, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fernando de Castro
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
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Díaz D, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells and Strategies for Treatment of Nervous System Disorders: Many Protocols, and Many Results. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:637-52. [PMID: 25171812 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414547538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells are the best known stem cell type and have been employed for more than 50 years, especially in pathologies of the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, their therapeutic potential is much broader, and they can also be employed to palliate neural diseases. Apart from their plastic properties, these cells lack the legal or ethical constraints of other stem cell populations, that is, embryonic stem cells. Current research addressing the integration of bone marrow-derived cells into the neural circuits of the central nervous system, their features, and applications is a hotspot in neurobiology. Nevertheless, as in other leading research lines the efficacy and possibilities of their application depend on technical procedures, which are still far from being standardized. Accordingly, for efficient research this large range of variants should be taken into account as they could lead to unexpected results. Rather than focusing on clinical aspects, this review offers a compendium of the methodologies aimed at providing a guide for researchers who are working in the field of bone marrow transplantation in the central nervous system. It seeks to be useful for both introductory and trouble-shooting purposes, and in particular for dealing with the large array of bone marrow transplantation protocols available.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
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Altet MN, Vidal R, Milá C, Rodrigo T, Casals M, Mir I, Ruiz-Manzano J, Jiménez-Fuentes MA, Sánchez F, Maldonado J, Blanquer R, de Souza-Galväo ML, Solsona J, Azlor E, Díaz D, Calpe JL, Caylá JA. Monitoring changes in anti-tuberculosis treatment: associated factors determined at the time of diagnosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 17:1435-41. [PMID: 24125447 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine predictive factors for changes in standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis. METHODS A prospective study was performed among tuberculosis (TB) patients treated at specialised centres during 2008-2009. Treatment outcome was monitored per standard guidelines. Treatment was considered successful if the patient was cured or completed treatment. Factors associated with treatment modification were analysed at the bivariate and multivariate levels using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 427 patients were included in the study. The initial standard treatment regimen was retained for 249 patients (58.3%), extended to 9 months for 36 (8.4%) and changed for 142 (33.3%). Factors associated with a change of regimen at the multivariate level were female sex, age ≥ 50 years, human immunodeficiency virus infection, comorbidities, alcoholism, hospitalisation and culture-positive sputum. Drug resistance and toxicity were analysed independently. Treatment outcome was successful in 97.2% of cases without a regimen change and in 87.3% of those with a changed regimen (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Factors associated with changes in the initial anti-tuberculosis regimen should be considered for rigorous follow-up. Results obtained through individualised treatment provided by specialists were good despite the complexity of the cases treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Altet
- Unidad de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Atenció Primària, Barcelona, Spain
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Seminario V, Castillo W, Torres E, Maita R, Palomino F, De la Vega J, Díaz D, Victorio J, Rivera M. Enfermedades Autoinmunes en Pacientes Portadores de Vitíligo. An Fac med 2014. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v56i2.5251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Se estudió 51 pacientes procedentes de Lima y otros lugares del Perú con vitíligo, enfermedad idiopática adquirida, que resulta de la destrucción gradual de melanocitos y disturbios inmunológicos. Los objetivos fueron establecer el diagnóstico temprano de otras enfermedades autoinmunes asociadas y realizar la correlación clínico patológica, incluyendo los antecedentes familiares. Se estudió autoanticuerpos circulantes e inmunomicroscopía de la biopsia de piel. El vitíligo más frecuente fue el generalizado vulgaris. El 33,3 % del total de casos presentó otra enfermedad autoinmune asociada y el 37,2%, enfermedad por hipersensibilidad l. El 19,6% de familiares cercanos tuvieron vitíligo y 31,2%, otras enfermedades por autoinrnunidad.
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Ayala Pío S, Jurupe H, Díaz D, Lock O, Vega M, Luque J, Garnique M. Efecto protector de látex desecado y fracción alcaloidea de Croton palanostigma frente a injuria de mucosa gástrica inducida por etanol en ratas. An Fac med 2014. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v62i4.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el grado de protección de necrosis de la mucosa gástrica por etanol, con látex desecado y fracciones alcaloideas de C. palanostigma, en un modelo experimental estandarizado en ratas. Evaluar toxicidad subcrónica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se evaluó 60 animales, administrándoles uno de 6 pretratamientos: solución salina, látex desecado de C. palanostigma 120 mg/kg, fracción alcaloidea de C. palanostigma 20 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg y 50 mg/kg y sucralfato 500 mg/kg. Una hora más tarde se aplicó por vía intragástrica 2 mL de etanol al 100%. Se realizó evaluación macroscópica y microscópica de las lesiones gástricas. Se evaluó la toxicidad subcrónica a la dosis de 0,12, 0,40 y 1,20 mL/kg, por el período de 30 días, con estudios bioquímicos e histopatológicos de los órganos. RESULTADOS: El pretratamiento con látex y las fracciones alcaloideas y el sucralfato redujo significativamente la necrosis hemorrágica inducida por el etanol. La toxicidad subcrónica en la dosis mayor mostró riesgo de esteatosis hepática. CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestras condiciones experimentales el C. palanostigma y la taspina presentaron importante efecto protector y potencial terapéutico. En toxicidad subcrónica, la dosis mayor presentó riesgo de esteatosis hepática.
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Díaz D, Esteban FJ, Hernández P, Caballero JA, Guevara A, Dorado G, Gálvez S. MC64-ClustalWP2: a highly-parallel hybrid strategy to align multiple sequences in many-core architectures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94044. [PMID: 24710354 PMCID: PMC3977933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed the MC64-ClustalWP2 as a new implementation of the Clustal W algorithm, integrating a novel parallelization strategy and significantly increasing the performance when aligning long sequences in architectures with many cores. It must be stressed that in such a process, the detailed analysis of both the software and hardware features and peculiarities is of paramount importance to reveal key points to exploit and optimize the full potential of parallelism in many-core CPU systems. The new parallelization approach has focused into the most time-consuming stages of this algorithm. In particular, the so-called progressive alignment has drastically improved the performance, due to a fine-grained approach where the forward and backward loops were unrolled and parallelized. Another key approach has been the implementation of the new algorithm in a hybrid-computing system, integrating both an Intel Xeon multi-core CPU and a Tilera Tile64 many-core card. A comparison with other Clustal W implementations reveals the high-performance of the new algorithm and strategy in many-core CPU architectures, in a scenario where the sequences to align are relatively long (more than 10 kb) and, hence, a many-core GPU hardware cannot be used. Thus, the MC64-ClustalWP2 runs multiple alignments more than 18x than the original Clustal W algorithm, and more than 7x than the best x86 parallel implementation to date, being publicly available through a web service. Besides, these developments have been deployed in cost-effective personal computers and should be useful for life-science researchers, including the identification of identities and differences for mutation/polymorphism analyses, biodiversity and evolutionary studies and for the development of molecular markers for paternity testing, germplasm management and protection, to assist breeding, illegal traffic control, fraud prevention and for the protection of the intellectual property (identification/traceability), including the protected designation of origin, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Dep. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Hernández
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Guevara
- Dep. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba (Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Gálvez
- Dep. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Ayala Pío S, Díaz D, Palomino M, Armas S, Paz J. Efecto Protector de Croton palanostigma y Aloe frente a Injuria Aguda de Mucosa Gástrica inducida por Etanol en Ratas. An Fac med 2014. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v60i1.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el grado de protección frente a la necrosis de la mucosa gástrica inducida por etanol con Croton palanostigma (Sangre de Grado) y Aloe vera, y compararlo con el de sucralfato y una suspensión de antiácido (AlOH3 +MgOH3+simeticona), en un modelo experimental estandarizado en ratas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se evaluó a 56 animales, administrándoles en ayunas uno de 7 pretratamientos: solución salina, C. palanostigma (0,4 ó 0,8 mL/kg), A. vera (7,5 ó 3,2 mL/kg), sucralfato (500 mg/kg) o antiácido. Una hora más tarde, se administró por vía intragástrica 2 mL de etanol al 100%. Se realizó una evaluación cualitativa y cuantitativa, macroscópica y microscópica, de las lesiones gástricas. RESULTADOS: El pretratamiento con C. palanostigma redujo significativamente la aparición de necrosis hemorrágica inducida por etanol, A. vera no presentó efecto protector, mientras que sí lo presentaron el sucralfato, en grado significativo, y el antiacido, en menor grado. CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestras condiciones experimentales, Croton palanostigma presentó un importante efecto protector y potencial terapéutico.
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Bermejo C, Martínez-Ten P, Recio M, Ruiz-López L, Díaz D, Illescas T. Three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cervix and vagina in women with uterine malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43:336-345. [PMID: 23754235 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) with respect to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and compared to clinical examination, in the assessment of cervix and vagina in women with uterine malformations. METHODS In this prospective study, 16 patients diagnosed with uterine malformation with cervical involvement underwent 3D-US examination. The acquisition of cervical volumes was transvaginal, with four cases repeated in the peri-ovulation period, while vaginal volumes were acquired by transperineal imaging following filling of the vagina with gel. MRI was performed in 13 patients using endovaginal gel. All cases underwent clinical examination, comprising bimanual gynecological examination and speculoscopy. Diagnostic concordance of each of the methods with the gold standard was calculated. RESULTS 3D-US cervical examinations revealed 12 cases of duplicate cervix, two of complete septate cervix and two of incomplete septate cervix. Images of the cervical canal in the peri-ovulation period were judged subjectively to be better in quality, but did not lead us to change any diagnosis. 3D-US vaginal examinations revealed four cases with a vaginal dividing wall and two with a blind hemivagina. None of the 3D-US findings contradicted the clinical findings of the cervix; however, clinically we observed two cases with vaginal dividing wall that had not been diagnosed with 3D-US. MRI diagnosed nine cases of duplicate cervix, three of complete septate cervix, one of incomplete septate cervix, five of vaginal dividing wall and two of blind hemivagina. One case diagnosed as complete septate cervix was in fact a duplicate cervix on 3D-US and on clinical examination. Compared with the gold standard, both 3D-US and MRI were highly efficient in the diagnosis of anomalies of the cervix and vagina. The overall diagnostic concordance of 3D-US with clinical examination (kappa, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.62-1) was slightly inferior to that of MRI with clinical examination (kappa, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.72-1), but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The acquisition of isolated cervical volumes, without including the uterus, defines the extent of the ectocervix and the limits of the cervical canal in uterine malformations. The use of endovaginal gel makes possible the diagnosis of associated vaginal anomalies with 3D-US.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bermejo
- Gabinete Médico Velázquez, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Muñoz-Castañeda R, Díaz D, Avila-Zarza CA, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Sex-influence of nicotine and nitric oxide on motor coordination and anxiety-related neurophysiological responses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:695-706. [PMID: 24081550 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger synthesized in both the neuronal and glial populations by nitric oxide synthase type 1 (NOS1). Nicotine regulates NO production in a sex-dependent manner, both molecules being involved in motor function. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates sex differences in motor coordination, general movement, and anxiety-related responses resulting from both constant and continuous nicotine treatment and the genetic depletion of NOS1 activity. METHODS Male and female mice were analyzed with the open-field and the rotarod tests. To understand the role of NO, knockout mice for NOS1 (NOS1-/-) were analyzed. Nicotine was administered continuously at a dose of 24 mg/kg/day via osmotic mini-pumps over 14 days because the behavioral effects elicited are similar to those observed with discontinuous administration. RESULTS Data analyses revealed noteworthy sex differences derived from NOS1 depletion. Control NOS1-/- males exhibited an exacerbated anxiety-related response in relation to control NOS1-/- females and control wild-type (WT) males; these differences disappeared in the nicotine-administered NOS1-/- males. Additionally, nicotine administration differentially affected the horizontal movements of NOS1-/- females with respect to WT animals. NO depletion affected male but not female motor coordination improvement along the test days. However, the drug affected female motor coordination only at the end of the administration period. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that NO affects motor and anxiety behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Moreover, the behavioral effects of constant nicotine administration are dimorphic and dependent on NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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