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Shah R, Gohal C, Plantz M, Erickson BJ, Khan M, Tjong V. Outcomes of arthroscopic coracoclavicular management for acromioclavicular joint injuries: A systematic review. J Orthop 2025; 59:13-21. [PMID: 39351273 PMCID: PMC11439535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Various surgical procedures for coracoclavicular (CC) ligament repair have been described for symptomatic acromioclavicular joint dislocations, with none emerging as a clear gold standard. There has been increased interest in arthroscopic approaches. This systematic review evaluates clinical outcomes after arthroscopic surgeries used to treat chronic and acute AC joint dislocations. Methods We searched three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and OVID [MEDLINE]) from database inception to December 20, 2022. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: studies evaluating humans, English language studies, level of evidence I to IV, and studies investigating clinical outcomes in patients following arthroscopic surgery for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. Studies on open reconstruction techniques only were excluded. Primary outcomes included function/pain scores, coracoclavicular distances, complications, and revision rates. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In 33 studies, postoperative Constant-Murley scores ranged from 82.8 to 99 points. Postoperative VAS scores ranged from 0.3 to 4.1 in 16 studies. In 46 studies, revision rates ranged from 0 % to 44.4 %. We did not observe a difference in revision rates between chronic and acute cases (P = 0.268). Complications were more common in chronic than acute cases (25.5 % vs. 16.4 %; P < 0.001). Conclusions Arthroscopic surgery for chronic and acute CC ligament injuries exceeds the MCID and PASS for several outcomes, with low failure rates. Arthroscopic CC reconstruction is a safe and effective alternative for chronic AC joint dislocations. Level of evidence IV (Systematic Review of Level I-IV Studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Shah
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chetan Gohal
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Plantz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Moin Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vehniah Tjong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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Vossen RJ, Verstift D, Van Etten-Jamaludin FS, Hamans BJ, van den Bekerom MP, Verweij LP. Choice of Acromioclavicular Dislocation Treatment Should Not Be Influenced by Risk of Development of Acromioclavicular Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. JBJS Rev 2024; 12:01874474-202409000-00002. [PMID: 39226400 PMCID: PMC11365602 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.24.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is currently unknown to what degree surgical or nonoperative treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation influences the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to evaluate AC OA after surgical and nonoperative treatment for AC dislocations, compare OA prevalence between treatment options, and compare OA prevalence between the injured and contralateral shoulder. METHODS Articles reporting on the prevalence of OA after surgical or nonoperative treatment of an AC dislocation with a minimal 2-year follow-up were included. AC OA presence was extracted for the injured and contralateral shoulder. Treatment categories were defined based on anatomical variation in the reattachment of ligaments: AC fixation, coracoclavicular (CC) fixation, AC and CC fixation, Bosworth screw synthetic graft, tendon graft, and conservative. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. RESULTS Ninety-four articles were included for qualitative analysis, and 7 articles were included for meta-analysis (n = 3,812; follow-up = 2.0-24.2 years; mean age 37.6 ± 10.4 years). A total of 3,483 patients underwent surgical treatment, and 329 patients underwent conservative treatment. OA prevalence ranged from 6.7%-29.3% between 7 pooled treatment categories. Most included studies had a follow-up <10 years (94%) and OA prevalence increased with time, regardless of treatment option. There was no difference in OA prevalence between the injured and contralateral shoulder (p = 0.120). MINORS scores were varied, ranging from poor to very good. CONCLUSION The pooled AC OA prevalence of the 7 treatment categories ranged from 6.7% for the CC fixation surgical group to 29.3% for the conservative treatment group. However, the included studies were predominantly of low quality and had varying follow-up periods, with most having relatively short follow-up durations. No difference in AC OA prevalence was found between the injured and contralateral shoulder. Based on the available evidence, treatment choice for AC dislocation should not be influenced by the potential development of AC AO. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick J.M. Vossen
- Department of Orthopedics, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Shoulder and Elbow Centre of Expertise (ASECE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Verstift
- Department of Orthopedics, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Shoulder and Elbow Centre of Expertise (ASECE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bryan J. Hamans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel P.J. van den Bekerom
- Department of Orthopedics, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Shoulder and Elbow Centre of Expertise (ASECE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas P.E. Verweij
- Amsterdam Shoulder and Elbow Centre of Expertise (ASECE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Musculoskeletal Health Program, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jaspers M, Vueghs T, DE Mulder K, Vundelinckx B, Ruette P, VAN Raebroeckx A. Clavicular tunnel widening after acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: comparison between single and double clavicular tunnel techniques. Acta Orthop Belg 2024; 90:57-62. [PMID: 38669650 DOI: 10.52628/90.1.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) reconstruction using artificial ligaments is a common surgical treatment for Rockwood grade III or higher injuries. These techniques use bone tunnels in the clavicle and coracoid to insert the Tightrope implants. This multicenter retrospective study compares long term radiographic follow up of clavicular tunnel widening in two groups of patients with high-grade ACJ injury who underwent reconstruction using two different surgical techniques. The first group of 23 patients underwent an arthroscopic single clavicular tunnel ACJ reconstruction. The second group of 23 patiënts underwent an open double clavicular tunnel reconstruction. Inclusion criteria are Rockwood grade III or higher injury and minimum 18 months of follow-up. Exclusion criteria are distal clavicle fracture and additional stabilization techniques. Radiographic results were measured on anteroposterior shoulder radiographs taken at the first and last follow-up. Clavicular tunnel widening is the main outcome measurement. Secondary outcomes are heterotopic ligament calcifications, migration of buttons, tunnel fracture and loss of acromioclavicular reduction. The mean clavicular tunnel widening in the single clavicular tunnel technique is 1.91 mm. In the double clavicular tunnel technique, the widening of the medial tunnel is 2.52 mm and 3.59 mm in the lateral tunnel. The difference in widening between the single tunnel and the lateral tunnel is significant (p=0.003). A very clear observation on all follow-up X-rays was a reorientation of the clavicular tunnels towards the coracoid. The double clavicular tunnel technique has more tunnel widening in both tunnels compared to the single bundle technique.
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Koch M, Werner A, Engel G, Huth J, Mauch F. Mini-open vs. arthroscopic double tight-rope reconstruction after acute AC-joint dislocation: a comparison in functional outcome and sports activity. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:5491-5500. [PMID: 36943502 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In athletes, acromioclavicular joint disruptions account for up to 50% of all shoulder injuries. In high-grade injuries, surgery is favored to ensure a correct restoration of the joint, especially in young athletes. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, radiological and sport related outcomes of the arthroscopic stabilization with the fixation of the AC joint in a mini-open approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS 19 patients treated arthroscopically (ASK) and 26 patients with an acute AC-joint dislocation Rockwood V who had undergone the mini-open (MO) surgery were included. Constant Murley Score (CMS), Taft Score (TS) and the Simple Shoulder Tests (SST) were evaluated. The sports activity level was determined according to Valderrabano and the athlete's recovery of their athletic activity level after surgery according to Rhee. Furthermore, all available X-ray images were analyzed. RESULTS Patients in the ASK group achieved an average score of 11.7 ± 0.6 points in the SST, 10.3 ± 1.8 points in the TS and 91.2 ± 11.8 points in the CMS. On average, patients in the MO group achieved results of 10.5 ± 1.4 points in the SST, 11.7 ± 0.7 points in the TS and 91.6 ± 9.8 points in the CMS. The ASK group showed significant difference regarding the CC distance in side comparison (Δ = 3.6 mm), whereas no significant difference was found in the MO group (Δ = 0.8 mm). In comparison of both groups, the posterior as well as the combined translation were significantly greater in the ASK group than in the MO group (posterior: ASK: 24.8 mm, MO: 19.3 mm, combined: ASK: 29.1 mm, MO: 20.9 mm). Residual horizontal instability was greater in the ASK group (43%) than in the MO group (32%). Similar results were achieved in sports activity and the recovery of athletic activity (Valderrabano: ASK: 2.8, MO: 2.6; Rhee: ASK: 1.6, MO: 1.5). CONCLUSIONS Both techniques prove to be effective for the stabilization of high-grade AC-joint disruptions in athletes and showed excellent clinical results. From a radiographic standpoint, the mini-open procedure appears superior to the arthroscopic technique. After mini-open surgery postoperative loss of correction is less common and greater horizontal stability is achieved. The results also suggest the mini-open technique is superior to the arthroscopic procedure when aiming to restore the athlete's original level of sports activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Koch
- Sportklinik Stuttgart GmbH, Taubenheimstr. 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annabelle Werner
- Sportklinik Stuttgart GmbH, Taubenheimstr. 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Guido Engel
- Sportklinik Stuttgart GmbH, Taubenheimstr. 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Huth
- Sportklinik Stuttgart GmbH, Taubenheimstr. 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Frieder Mauch
- Sportklinik Stuttgart GmbH, Taubenheimstr. 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Germany
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Balke M, Wafaisade A, Hoeher J, Greshake O. Minimally invasive reconstruction of acute acromioclavicular joint injuries using the TwinBridge button system. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023; 33:1349-1355. [PMID: 35641794 PMCID: PMC10125920 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are among the most common shoulder injuries in active young adults. The most frequently used surgical treatments include the hook plate implantation and arthroscopic treatment using flip-button systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treating acute ACJ injuries using a new minimally invasive implant based on a flip-button system. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2016 to October 2019, a total of 20 patients with acute ACJ injuries (1 × Type III, 3 × Type IV, 16 × Type V) underwent surgery using the Twinbridge implant (Smith & Nephew). It is a prefabricated construct consisting of two Endobuttons connected with an UltraTape. One button is placed under the coracoid using a special aiming device and two buttons are placed on the clavicle. Preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, 3 months and at least 1 year postoperatively, patients were clinically examined and bilateral stress view and axial radiographs were obtained. At final follow-up, the simple shoulder test (SST), Taft score, Constant score, and ACJ instability (ACJI) score were recorded and a side-to-side ratio of the coracoclavicular (CC) distance was calculated. RESULTS All 20 patients were contacted at final follow-up at a mean of 28 (min. 13, max 50) months. Six patients were not willing to come for a clinical and radiographic examination and were contacted via telephone. All six patients were free of complaints. Another two patients free of complaints refused radiographs at final follow-up. The patients presented a mean SST of 99.6% (20 patients, min. 91.7, max. 100), Taft score of 11.6/12 points (12 patients, min. 10, max. 12), ACJI of 85.5/90 points (12 patients, min. 78, max. 90), and a Constant score of 97.1 (14 patients, min. 81.0, max. 100) for the affected shoulder. Preoperative stress view images revealed a mean side-to-side difference of the CC distance with a ratio of 1:2.34 (min. 1:1.80, max. 1:3.33). At final follow-up, CC distance was calculated with a mean ratio of 1:1.12 (min. 1.1, max. 1:1.38). Axial images showed a proper position in all cases. A "perfect" radiological result was achieved in six patients (50%) with a side-to-side CC distance of less than 10% (ratio 1:1.1 or less). A Rockwood type II result was achieved in five patients (42%) with a distance of 10 to 25% (ratio 1.11-1.25). One (8%) presented with a Rockwood type III result with a difference of more than 25% (ratio 1:1.38) and was considered a radiological failure. CONCLUSIONS When used correctly, the Twinbridge implant offers good-to-excellent clinical and radiographic results using a minimally invasive surgical technique. Complication rate is comparable to other button-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Balke
- Sportsclinic Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Arasch Wafaisade
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juergen Hoeher
- Sportsclinic Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Greshake
- Sportsclinic Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
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Vetter P, Eckl L, Bellmann F, Allemann F, Scheibel M. [Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Acromioclavicular Joint Instabilities]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2023; 161:219-238. [PMID: 37015240 DOI: 10.1055/a-1781-6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Acromioclavicular joint instabilities are one of the most common injuries of the shoulder girdle. Diagnostic measures include the vertical and horizontal components of instability. The main goals of treatment include pain reduction, joint stabilization, and return to physical activity. For operative treatment, there are numerous techniques available. Recently, minimally-invasive techniques were developed and showed equal results as with open approach. These procedures facilitate simultaneous treatment of concomitant shoulder lesions and reduce soft tissue trauma as well as the risk of infection. This article presents an overview of such minimally-invasive techniques for both acute and chronic instabilities. Both techniques address the aspect of horizontal instability, which was found to compromise clinical results. For an acute injury, we describe the use of a low-profile button system combined with an additional acromioclavicular cerclage. In the chronic setting with a bidirectional (vertical and horizontal) instability, a free tendon graft combined with a single TightRope augmentation is recommended.
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Dey Hazra RO, El Bajjati H, Hanhoff M, Warnhoff M, Ellwein A, Fossum BW, Lill H, Jensen G. Implant-dependent behavior of tunnel widening and clavicular button migration after arthroscopic-assisted treatment of acromioclavicular joint instabilities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023:10.1007/s00590-022-03466-x. [PMID: 36596884 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite ongoing discussions for the previous few decades, there is still no consensus regarding the optimal surgical technique for acromioclavicular joint instabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of various implant materials following arthroscopically assisted stabilization of acromioclavicular joint instabilities on tunnel widening and implant migration. We hypothesized an implant-dependent behavior for tunnel widening and implant migration with differences when comparing acute and chronic acromioclavicular joint instabilities. METHODS This study compared 105 patients with acromioclavicular joint instabilities that were managed operatively with coracoclavicular double button constructs. Two of the groups containing acute cases were treated with either a double button construct with a wire (TR) or a tape (D) as a central pillar. The two groups with chronic cases were either treated with a wire (T+) or tape D+ as a central pillar and additional hamstring tendon augmentation (+). One central transclavicular-transcoracoidal drill channel was made in the acute cases, while additional medial and lateral drill channels to augment the central pillar with the hamstring tendon were made. The central drill channel in all cases and the medial/lateral drill channels in chronic cases were subsequently radiologically analyzed immediately postoperatively and at follow-up. Following this, additional radiological analysis of the implant migration of the clavicular button took place. RESULTS All groups showed significant tunnel widening of the central drill channel at follow-up (p ≤ 0.001). The TR+ technique demonstrated significant widening in both the medial (p ≤ 0.001) and lateral (p ≤ 0.001) drill channels. The D and D+ group displayed significant higher rates of clavicular button migration to a cortical and intraosseous level (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION Tunnel widening and implant migration following arthroscopically assisted management of acromioclavicular joint instabilities are dependent on the chosen implant. The stable tape showed a significantly increased degree of tunnel widening with respect to the central drill channel in comparison with the wire. In contrast, a higher degree of load capacity of the tape ultimately favors a protected intraosseous graft healing for chronic cases, which leads to less tunnel widening of the medial and lateral drill channel. Finally, the D/D+ implant groups showed higher rates of implant migration due to lower contact surface area of the implant at the upper clavicular cortex. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony-Orijit Dey Hazra
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hassan El Bajjati
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marek Hanhoff
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mara Warnhoff
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Ellwein
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Lill
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jensen
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift, Humboldtstr. 5, 30169, Hannover, Germany.,Department for Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School Hannover, DIAKOVERE Annastift, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Sobolevskiy Y, Burianov O, Kvasha V, Chekushyn D, Kovalchuk D, Omelchenko T. ANATOMICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL ROLE OF STATIC STABILIZERS OF THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2607-2613. [PMID: 38290024 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202312109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To determine the anatomical and biomechanical significance of the static stabilizers of the acromioclavicular joint by conducting numerical modeling using the finite element method and experimental investigation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: To ensure the study, modeling of the deformation processes of the clavicle and scapula systems with various combinations of ligament damage was conducted. The COMPAS-3D software package was used to build the simulation model, which allowed obtaining models that are closest to reality. To verify the results of the numerical modeling, corresponding studies of the mechanical characteristics and determination of the stiffness of the investigated systems were carried out using the upgraded TIRAtest-2151 testing stand. RESULTS Results: The stiffest system is the system in which all ligaments are intact, and the sequence of decreasing stiffness of the system is presented in the following order: damage to lig. trapezoideum; lig. conoideum; lig. claviculo-acoacromiale inferior; lig. claviculo-acoacromiale superior; the coracoclavicular ligament complex; the acromioclavicular ligament complex. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Static stabilizers in general, and their components in particular, are characterized by significant anatomical and functional features. The natural stabilization of the acromioclavicular joint is provided by their synergistic interaction, which is the basis for the development and implementation of surgical interventions, the scope of which includes the restoration of both ligament complexes. The loss of stiffness in the «clavicle-scapula» system is significantly more pronounced when lig. acromioclaviculare superior and inferior are damaged (8.5 N/mm) than when lig. conoideum and lig. trapezoideum are damaged (11.6 N/mm).
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Dalos D, Huber G, Wichern Y, Sellenschloh K, Püschel K, Mader K, Morlock MM, Frosch KH, Klatte TO. Acromioclavicular joint suture button repair leads to coracoclavicular tunnel widening. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:161-168. [PMID: 35316368 PMCID: PMC9859898 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomechanical evaluation of three different suture button devices used in acromioclavicular joint repair and analysis of their effect on post-testing tunnel widening. METHODS Eighteen human shoulder girdles were assigned into three groups with a similar mean bone mineral density. Three different single-tunnel acromioclavicular repair devices were tested: (1) AC TightRope® with FiberWire; (2) AC Dog Bone™ Button with FiberTape; (3) Low Profile AC Repair System. Biomechanical testing was performed simulating the complex movement of the distal clavicle as follows. A vertical load of 80 N was applied continuously. The rotation of the clavicle about its long axis was set at 10° anterior and 30° posterior for 2500 cycles at 0.25 Hz. The horizontal translation of the clavicle was set at 6 mm medial and 6 mm lateral for 10,000 cycles at 1 Hz. The coracoclavicular distance was measured before and after testing. After testing, each sample underwent micro-CT analysis. Following 3D reconstruction, the area of the bone tunnels was measured at five defined cross sections. RESULTS In TightRope® and Dog Bone™ groups, all samples completed testing, whereas in the Low Profile group, three out of six samples showed system failure. The mean absolute difference of coracoclavicular distance after testing was significantly greater in the Low Profile group compared to TightRope® and Dog Bone™ groups (4.3 ± 1.3 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.7 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.8 mm; p = 0.001). Micro-CT analysis of the specimens demonstrated significant tunnel widening in the inferior clavicular and superior coracoid regions in all three groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Significant tunnel widening can be observed for all devices and is primarily found in the inferior parts of the clavicle and superior parts of the coracoid. The Low Profile AC Repair System showed inferior biomechanical properties compared to the AC TightRope® and AC Dog Bone™ devices. Therefore, clinicians should carefully select the type of acromioclavicular repair device used and need to consider tunnel widening as a complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Dalos
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,UKE Athleticum-Center for Athletic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Huber
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y. Wichern
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Sellenschloh
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Püschel
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Mader
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. M. Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. H. Frosch
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. O. Klatte
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Dey Hazra RO, Hanhoff M, Kühnapfel A, Rutledge JC, Warnhoff M, Ellwein A, Lill H, Jensen G. Superior clinical results for early arthroscopic treatment of grade IIIb and V acromioclavicular joint instability compared to delayed operative treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 32:1185-1195. [PMID: 36584871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthroscopy-assisted cortical fixation devices have been increasingly used in the operative management of both acute and chronic cases of acromioclavicular joint instability (ACJI). It has been hypothesized that delayed surgical management leads to inferior clinical and radiologic outcomes compared to acute treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare clinical and radiologic outcomes, scapula dyskinesia, and failure or revision rates of arthroscopically treated acute and chronic ACJI. METHODS This retrospective study of prospectively collected data included all surgically treated patients with grade IIIb and V chronic ACJI between 2013 and 2017, matched 1:1 to a group of acute grade IIIb and V ACJI patients treated during the same time period. Chronic ACJI was defined as delayed surgical treatment >21 days after injury. Chronic cases received an additional hamstring autograft next to the suture pulley systems. Follow-up was obtained at an average of 3.2 years (range: 1.4-6.2). Clinical outcome scores included the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), Taft Score (TF), Nottingham Clavicle Score (NCS), ACJI Score, Sick Scapula Score (SSS), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Subjective Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) score, and the visual analog scale pain score. Radiologic follow-up was obtained pre- and postoperatively and at final follow-up. The 2-year results were compared to the results of a 1:1 matched-pair group comprising patients who were treated with an acute ACJI during the same period. RESULTS Thirty-three (80.5%) of 41 chronic ACJI cases were available for follow-up and were compared with 33 matched-pair cases of acute ACJI (of 41). The clinical scores were significantly better in the acute cohort for the CMS (92 ± 8 vs. 88 ± 8, P = .030), ASES (91 ± 13 vs. 85 ± 13, P = .002), SSS (1.4 ± 1.6 vs. 3.4 ± 2.5, P = .0004), NCS (86 ± 13 vs. 81 ± 13, P = .049), TF (9.9 ± 1.9 vs. 9.0 ± 2.1, P = .030), and ACJI (83 ± 13 vs. 75 ± 1, P = .003). In contrast to the chronic cohort, the acute cohort illustrated a significant loss of reduction at follow-up (P = .020). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, early arthroscopy-assisted operative treatment of grade IIIb and V ACJIs seems superior to delayed surgical intervention of grade IIIb and V ACJIs. Furthermore, an additional autograft loop leads to less loss of reduction compared with suture pulley/suspensory loop fixation standalones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony-Orijit Dey Hazra
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift and Henriettensift, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marek Hanhoff
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift and Henriettensift, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kühnapfel
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMSE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mara Warnhoff
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift and Henriettensift, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Ellwein
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift and Henriettensift, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helmut Lill
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift and Henriettensift, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jensen
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Diakovere Friederikenstift and Henriettensift, Hannover, Germany
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Arthroscopic treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation: a retrospective case series. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Mardani-Kivi M, Asadi K, Leili EK, Hashemi-Motlagh K, Izadi A, Pishgahpour M, Darabipour Z. Horizontal instability after acromioclavicular joint reduction using the two-hole technique is preferred over the loop technique: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Shoulder Elb 2022; 25:224-229. [PMID: 35971605 PMCID: PMC9471814 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2022.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are caused by direct trauma to the shoulders, and various methods and techniques are used to treat them; however, none of the options can be considered the gold standard. This study examines the horizontal stability of the ACJ after a complete dislocation was repaired using one of two Ethibond suture techniques, the loop technique and the two holes in the clavicle technique. Methods In this single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 104 patients diagnosed with complete ACJ dislocation type V were treated using Ethibond sutures with either the loop technique or the two holes in the clavicle technique. Horizontal changes in the ACJ were radiographically assessed in the lateral axial view, and shoulder function was evaluated by the Constant (CS) and Taft (TS) scores at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results The horizontal stability of the ACJ was better with the two-hole technique than the loop technique at all measurement times. CS and TS changes showed a significant upward trend over time with both techniques. The mean CS and TS at the final visit were 95.2 and 11.6 with the loop technique and 94.0 and 11.9 with the two-hole technique, respectively. The incidence of superficial infections caused by the subcutaneous pins was the same in the two groups. Conclusions Due to the improved ACJ stability with the two-hole technique, it appears to be a more suitable option than the loop technique for AC joint reduction.
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Theopold J, Schöbel T, Henkelmann R, Melcher P, Hepp P. Möglichkeiten der Navigation bei der Versorgung von Verletzungen des Akromioklavikulargelenks. ARTHROSKOPIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00142-022-00549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Scheiderer B, Obmann S, Feucht MJ, Siebenlist S, Degenhardt H, Imhoff AB, Rupp MC, Pogorzelski J. The Morphology of the Acromioclavicular Joint Does Not Influence the Postoperative Outcome Following Acute Stabilization—A Case Series of 81 Patients. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e835-e842. [PMID: 35747655 PMCID: PMC9210376 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To specifically evaluate the influence of the acromioclavicular (AC)-joint morphology on the outcome after arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular (CC) stabilization surgery with suspensory fixation systems and to investigate whether an additional open AC-joint reduction and AC cerclage improves the clinical outcome for patients with certain morphologic AC-joint subtypes. Methods Patients with an acute acromioclavicular joint injury, who underwent arthroscopically assisted CC stabilization with suspensory fixation systems with or without concomitant AC cerclage between January 2009 and June 2017 were identified and included in this retrospective cohort analysis. AC-joint morphology was assessed on preoperative radiographs and categorized as “flat” or “non-flat” (“oblique”/“curved”) subtypes. After a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, postoperative Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain were collected. A subgroup analysis of clinical outcomes depending on the surgical technique and morphological subtype of the AC joint was performed. Results Eighty-one patients (95% male, mean age 35 ± 12 years) could be included at a mean follow-up of 57 ± 14 months. Radiographic assessment of AC-joint morphology showed 24 (30%) cases of flat type, 38 (47%) cases of curved type, and 19 (23%) cases of oblique morphology. Postoperatively, no clinically significant difference could be detected after the treatment of AC joint injury via CC stabilization with or without concomitant AC cerclage (VASrest: P = .067; VASmax: P = .144, ASES: P = .548; SANE: P = .045). No clinically significant differences were found between the surgical techniques for the flat morphologic subtype (VASrest: P = .820; VASmax: P = .251; SANE: P = .104; ASES: P = .343) or the non-flat subtype (VASres: P = .021; VASmax: P = .488; SANE: P = .243, ASES: P = .843). Conclusions In arthroscopically assisted AC stabilization surgery with suspensory fixation systems for acute AC-joint injury, the AC-joint morphology did not influence the postoperative outcome, independent of the surgical technique. No clinical benefit of performing an additional horizontal stabilization could be detected in our collective at mid-term follow-up. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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15
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Berthold DP, Muench LN, Imhoff AB, Lacheta L. Stabilisierung des Akromioklavikulargelenks. ARTHROSKOPIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00142-022-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Schöbel T, Theopold J, Fischer JP, Löffler S, Schleifenbaum S, Hepp P. Anatomical versus non-anatomical configuration of double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in acromioclavicular joint reconstruction. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:641-648. [PMID: 33884453 PMCID: PMC8924078 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Horizontal instability is a common problem after acromioclavicular joint injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is a difference regarding horizontal stability between an anatomical and a non-anatomical configuration of the double tunnel coraco-clavicular ligament reconstruction of the acromioclavicular joint. METHODS Thirteen acromioclavicular joints of human cadaveric shoulders in ethanol-glycerin fixation were included in the study and underwent cyclic anterior and posterior translational testing at a load of 70 N using an electromechanical uniaxial testing machine. The shoulders were randomly assigned to the following groups: double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in an anatomical configuration (DCTa) and double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in an inverse configuration of the anatomical position (DCTb). The dislocation was recorded with a 3D optical measuring system. RESULTS The total horizontal displacement (p10 = 0.0221; p5000 = 0.082) was significantly higher for the non-anatomical reconstruction (DCTb) compared to the anatomical reconstruction (DCTa) after every measured amount of cycles. The increase in displacement for DCTb group was overall higher than the increase in displacement for DCTa group but without significance. CONCLUSION Reconstruction of the CC ligaments in an anatomical configuration with two suture devices results in a significantly higher stability of the AC joint in the horizontal plane than reconstruction of the CC ligaments in a non-anatomical configuration. Based on the results of this biomechanical in vitro study, the use of a double coraco-clavicular reconstruction should focus on an anatomically correct position of the suture devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schöbel
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Theopold
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Fischer
- ZESBO – Zentrum zur Erforschung der Stuetz- und Bewegungsorgane, Semmelweisstrasse 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Löffler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schleifenbaum
- ZESBO – Zentrum zur Erforschung der Stuetz- und Bewegungsorgane, Semmelweisstrasse 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Rupp MC, Kadantsev PM, Siebenlist S, Hinz M, Feucht MJ, Pogorzelski J, Scheiderer B, Imhoff AB, Muench LN, Berthold DP. Low rate of substantial loss of reduction immediately after hardware removal following acromioclavicular joint stabilization using a suspensory fixation system. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:3842-3850. [PMID: 35451639 PMCID: PMC9568474 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate immediate loss of reduction in patients undergoing hardware removal after arthroscopically assisted acromioclavicular (AC) joint stabilization using a high-tensile suture tape suspensory fixation system and to identify risk factors associated with immediate loss of reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two consecutive patients with a mean age of 36.4 ± 12.6 years (19-56), who underwent hardware removal 18.2 ± 15.0 months following arthroscopically assisted stabilization surgery using a suspensory fixation system for AC joint injury between 01/2012 and 01/2021 were enrolled in this retrospective monocentric study. The coracoclavicular distance (CCD) as well as the clavicular dislocation/acromial thickness (D/A) ratio were measured on anterior-posterior radiographs prior to hardware removal and immediately postoperatively by two independent raters. Loss of reduction, defined as 10% increase in the CCD, was deemed substantial if the CCD increased 6 mm compared to preoperatively. Constitutional and surgical characteristics were assessed in a subgroup analysis to detect risk factors associated with loss of reduction. RESULTS Postoperatively, the CCD significantly increased from 12.6 ± 3.7 mm (4.8-19.0) to 14.5 ± 3.3 mm (8.7-20.6 mm) (p < 0.001) while the D/A ratio increased from 0.4 ± 0.3 (- 0.4-0.9) to 0.6 ± 0.3 (1.1-0.1) (p = 0.034) compared to preoperatively. In 10 cases (45%), loss of reduction was identified, while a substantial loss of reduction (> 6 mm) was only observed in one patient (4.5%). A shorter time interval between index stabilization surgery and hardware removal significantly corresponded to immediate loss of reduction (11.0 ± 5.6 vs. 30.0 ± 20.8 months; p = 0.007), as hardware removal within one year following index stabilization was significantly associated with immediate loss of reduction (p = 0.027; relative risk 3.4; odds ratio 11.67). CONCLUSIONS Substantial loss of reduction after hardware removal of a high-tensile suture tape suspensory fixation system was rare, indicating that the postoperative result of AC stabilization is not categorically at risk when performing this procedure. Even though radiological assessment of the patients showed a statistically significant immediate superior clavicular displacement after this rarely required procedure, with an increased incidence in the first year following stabilization, this may not negatively influence the results of ACJ stabilization in a clinically relevant way. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco-Christopher Rupp
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Pavel M. Kadantsev
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany ,European Clinic of Sports Traumatology and Orthopaedics (ECSTO), Moscow, Russian Federation ,grid.77642.300000 0004 0645 517XPeoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sebastian Siebenlist
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hinz
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feucht
- Orthopaedic Clinic Paulinenhilfe, Diakonie-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany ,grid.5963.9Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Pogorzelski
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Scheiderer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Imhoff
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas N. Muench
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P. Berthold
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Ligamentous healing potential of the acromioclavicular ligament following acute anatomical reconstruction. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:2225-2234. [PMID: 34013381 PMCID: PMC9381440 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal instability following acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) reconstruction still occurs with a high prevalence. Although the human acromioclavicular ligament complex (ACLC) represents the major horizontal ACJ stabilizer, experimental studies on healing characteristics are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this histological study was to investigate the healing potential of the ACLC following acute anatomical reconstruction METHODS: In this prospective clinical-experimental study, 28 ACLC biopsies were performed in patients with complete ACJ dislocations (Rockwood type 4 or 5) during acute hook plate stabilization (IG: implantation group; n = 14) and hook plate removal (EG: explantation group; n = 14). Histological analyses included Giemsa staining, polarized light microscopy and immunostaining against CD68, αSMA and collagen type I and type III. Histomorphological evaluation entailed cell counts, collagen expression score, ligament tissue maturity index (LTMI) and descriptive analysis of specific ligamentous structures. Statistics consisted of nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests and a level of significance of P < .05. RESULTS Total cell counts (cells/mm2 1491 ± 296 vs. 635 ± 430; P < 0.001) and collagen III expression (3.22 ± 0.22 vs. 1.78 ± 0.41; P < 0.001) were higher in EG compared to IG. Inversely αSMA + (11 ± 9 vs. 179 ± 186; P < 0.001) and CD68 + cell counts (56 ± 20 vs. 100 ± 57; P 0.009) were significantly lower in the EG. The EG revealed a comparable reorientation of ligamentous structures. Consistently, ACLC samples of the EG (21.6 ± 2.4) displayed a high total but differently composed LTMI score (IG: 24.5 ± 1.2; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This experimental study proved the ligamentous healing potential of the human ACLC following acute anatomical reconstruction. Histomorphologically, the ACLC reliably showed a ligamentous state of healing at a mean of about 12 weeks after surgery. However, processes of ligamentous remodeling were still evident. These experimental findings support recent clinical data showing superior horizontal ACJ stability with additional AC stabilization in the context of acute ACJ reconstruction. Though, prospective clinical and biomechanical studies are warranted to evaluate influencing factors on ACLC healing and potential impacts of acute ACLC repair on clinical outcome. STUDY TYPE Controlled Laboratory Study.
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Ruiz Ibán MA, Moreno Romero MS, Diaz Heredia J, Ruiz Díaz R, Muriel A, López-Alcalde J. The prevalence of intraarticular associated lesions after acute acromioclavicular joint injuries is 20%. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:2024-2038. [PMID: 32179968 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesise the evidence on the prevalence of associated intraarticular lesions in subjects with acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations. METHODS A search in two electronic databases (PUMBMED and EMBASE) was performed from 1985 to 2019. Two independent reviewers selected studies that complied with the following inclusion criteria: (1) the study included data on surgically treated ACJ dislocation grade III-V in the Rockwood classification, (2) the ACJ injuries were acute (the surgery was performed less than 6 weeks after injury), (3) an arthroscopic evaluation of the glenohumeral joint was performed during surgery. The quality of the studies included was assessed using the tool of the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS A total of 47 studies with acute ACJ injuries met the initial inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 studies (9 retrospective case series, 9 prospective case series and 3 retrospective cohort studies) presented data on associated intraarticular lesions amenable for use in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysed studies included a total of 860 subjects with acute ACJ dislocations with a male/female ratio of 6.5 and a mean age of 32 years. The meta-analysis showed a prevalence of associated intraarticular lesions in subjects with acute ACJ of 19.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0-26.4%; 21 studies, 860 analysed participants; P = 0.000; I2: 74.5% random-effects model; low risk of bias). CONCLUSION One in five subjects with surgically treated acute ACJ dislocations will have an associated intraarticular lesion that requires further intervention. The case for a customary arthroscopic evaluation of the joint, even when an open procedure is performed to deal with the ACJ dislocation, is strong. Level of evidence IV Trial registry Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018090609.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Ruiz Ibán
- Unidad de Hombro Y Codo, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Cta Colmenar km 9,100, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Diaz Heredia
- Unidad de Hombro Y Codo, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Cta Colmenar km 9,100, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz Díaz
- Unidad de Hombro Y Codo, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Cta Colmenar km 9,100, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus López-Alcalde
- Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Ramón Y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV)-Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cochrane Associate Centre of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Biologic and synthetic ligament reconstructions achieve better functional scores compared to osteosynthesis in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:2175-2193. [PMID: 32797247 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the outcomes of surgical treatments of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation. METHODS Studies were identified by electronic databases (Ovid, PubMed). All studies reporting functional and radiological outcomes of surgical treatments of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations were included. Following data were extracted: authors and year, study design, level of evidence, number of patients, age, classification of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, time to surgery, surgical technique, follow-up, clinical and imaging outcomes, complications, and failures. Descriptive statistics was used, when a data pooling was not possible. Comparable outcomes were pooled to generate summary outcomes reported as frequency-weighted values. Quality appraisal was assessed through the MINORS checklist. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-three studies were included for a total of 4473 shoulders. Mean age of participants was 36.9 years. Mean follow-up was 42.06 months. Arthroscopy showed better ASES (p < 0.0001) and lower VAS pain score (p = 0.0249) compared to an open approach. Biologic and synthetic reconstructions demonstrated better results over osteosynthesis techniques. Biologic techniques showed overall better Constant (p = 0.0001) and DASH (p = 0.0215) scores, while synthetic reconstruction showed better UCLA score (p = 0.0001). Among suture buttons, triple button showed overall better results in Constant (p = 0.0001) and VAS (p = 0.0001) scores, while better results in DASH score (p = 0.0003) were achieved by 2 double button techniques. Overall, the level of evidence was low. CONCLUSION Biological and synthetic reconstructions achieved better functional scores compared to osteosynthesis. Among suture buttons, the triple button showed better functional performance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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21
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Theopold J, Henkelmann R, Zhang C, Schöbel T, Osterhoff G, Hepp P. Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic and navigation-assisted two tunnel technique for coracoclavicular ligament augmentation of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:528. [PMID: 34107940 PMCID: PMC8191052 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to present a navigated image-free augmentation technique for the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments and to report the clinical and radiological outcomes. Methods From 2013 to 2018, 35 eligible patients were treated with our navigated image-free ACJ- and CC-augmentation technique. The average follow-up was 3 years. Follow-up evaluations included the Constant-Murley Score, subjective shoulder value, Taft score, and the acromioclavicular joint instability (ACJI) score. The patients’ quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire. In addition, in accordance with the instability criteria, radiographs were evaluated before surgery, after surgery, and during follow-up. Results Overall, 25 patients (71%) suffered an acute type V disruption, 5 (14%) had a type IV disruption, and 5 (14%) had an acute Rockwood type IIIb injury. The mean Constant-Murley Score was 90 (range: 56–100; p = 0.53) on the injured side, and the mean subjective shoulder value was 92% (range: 80–100%). The mean Taft and ACJI scores were 10 (range: 4–12) and 86 (range: 34–100), respectively and the mean EQ-5D was 86 (range: 2–100). The mean CC difference of the injured side was 4 mm (range: 1.9–9.1 mm) at follow-up, which was not significantly different than that of the healthy side (p = 0.06). No fractures in the area of the clavicle or the coracoid were reported. Conclusions The arthroscopic- and navigation-assisted treatment of high-grade ACJ injuries in an anatomical double-tunnel configuration yields similar clinical and radiological outcomes as the conventional technique using an aiming device. Precise positioning of the navigation system prevents multiple drillings, which avoids fractures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04406-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Theopold
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ralf Henkelmann
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claus Zhang
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schöbel
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Cano-Martínez JA, Nicolás-Serrano G, Bento-Gerard J, Marín FP, Grau JA, Antón ML. Chronic acromioclavicular dislocations: multidirectional stabilization without grafting. JSES Int 2020; 4:519-531. [PMID: 32939479 PMCID: PMC7479045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical and radiological evaluation of the surgical treatment of chronic acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations with triple button device and AC joint augmentation. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 21 patients with chronic AC dislocations. All patients underwent bilateral-weighted Zanca and Alexander views as well as the Constant score (CS) and Acromioclavicular Joint Instability Scoring System (ACJI). Results A total of 21 patients (19 men and 2 women) with the mean age of 30.7 ± 11.7 years (range, 19-62 years) were able to participate in clinical and radiographic follow-up. After a mean follow-up of 49.7 ± 17.1 months (range, 13-60 months), the results of the CS were 95.2 ± 5.5 (range, 85-100) and ACJI test 89.7 ± 7.9 (range, 75-100), showing no significant differences with the uninjured shoulder (CS, 96.2 ± 3.9; range, 85-100; ACJI, 95.7 ± 4.1; range, 85-100). At the final review, we observed that the preoperative coracoclavicular distance (Zanca view) improved from 12.8 ± 1.5 mm to 8.5 ± 1.3 mm and the AC distance (Alexander view) from 7.8 ± 2.3 mm to 0.99 ± 0.91 mm. Compared with healthy shoulder, these differences were not significant. Osteoarthritis or radiological calcifications were not associated with worse clinical outcomes. Conclusion The triple button device is an acceptable alternative surgical method for chronic AC joint dislocations. The surgical technique is simple; it does not need a graft, nor does it present major complications, and material extraction is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Cano-Martínez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio Nicolás-Serrano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Bento-Gerard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Picazo Marín
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefina Andres Grau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mario López Antón
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
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23
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Kani KK, Porrino JA, Mulcahy H, Chew FS. Surgical techniques for management of acromioclavicular joint separations: review and update for radiologists. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1195-1206. [PMID: 32193563 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Imaging plays a central role in the postoperative management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations. There are more than 150 described techniques for the surgical management of AC joint injuries. These procedures can be categorized as varying combinations of the following basic techniques: a) soft-tissue repair, b) trans-articular AC joint fixation, c) coracoclavicular (CC) fixation, d) non-anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments, e) anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments, f) distal clavicle resection, and g) dynamic muscle transfer. The goals of this article are to describe the basic techniques for the surgical management of AC joint separations with an emphasis on technique-specific complications and postoperative imaging assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Khalatbari Kani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jack A Porrino
- Yale School of Medicine, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Hyojeong Mulcahy
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Felix S Chew
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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24
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Theopold J, Schöbel T, Fischer JP, Löffler S, Osterhoff G, Schleifenbaum S, Hepp P. Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: an additional acromioclavicular cerclage does not improve horizontal stability in double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3827-3834. [PMID: 31420689 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Horizontal instability-especially in the posterior plane-is a common problem after acromioclavicular joint injuries. The purpose was to compare the stability of a single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique and a double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique for coraco-clavicular ligament reconstruction and to examine the influence of an additional acromioclavicular cerclage on the horizontal stability in the acromioclavicular joint. METHODS 21 acromioclavicular joints of human cadaveric shoulders were randomly assigned to the following groups: single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique with horizontal augmented acromioclavicular cerclage (SCT + AC); double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique (DCT); double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique and acromioclavicular cerclage (DCT + AC). The specimens underwent cyclic horizontal testing and were recorded using a 3D optical measuring system. RESULTS The displacement and the increase in displacement in relation to the displacement after precondition for SCT + AC were significantly higher after every measured amount of cycles than for DCT (p10 = 0.0023; p5000 = 0.0012) and DCT + AC (p10 = 0.0006; p5000 = 0.0012). There was no significant difference in the total displacement, or in the increase in total displacement between double coraco-clavicular tunnel reconstructed groups with and without additional acromioclavicular cerclage. CONCLUSION Double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique with and without additional acromioclavicular cerclage results in a significant higher stability regarding the horizontal plane in comparison to single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique with acromioclavicular cerclage. Based on the results of this biomechanical in vitro study, the use of an additional acromioclavicular cerclage with single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique may not be indicated in most cases. The effect of an additional acromioclavicular cerclage seems to be negligible, at least in presence of a double-coraco-clavicular tunnel technique reconstruction. Techniques of AC joint reconstruction should focus on the use of double coraco-clavicular tunnel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Theopold
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schöbel
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Fischer
- Zentrum Zur Erforschung Der Stütz- und Bewegungsorgane, ZESBO, Semmelweisstrasse 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Löffler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schleifenbaum
- Zentrum Zur Erforschung Der Stütz- und Bewegungsorgane, ZESBO, Semmelweisstrasse 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Division of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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25
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Dyrna F, Berthold DP, Feucht MJ, Muench LN, Martetschläger F, Imhoff AB, Mazzocca AD, Beitzel K. The importance of biomechanical properties in revision acromioclavicular joint stabilization: a scoping review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3844-3855. [PMID: 31624902 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of failed primary reconstruction of the unstable acromioclavicular (AC) joint remains challenging for orthopaedic surgeons. When approaching revision cases, the reason for failure has to be precisely identified. The purpose of this manuscript was to perform a critical review of the literature regarding treatment options for failed AC joint stabilization techniques and to provide a treatment algorithm for salvage procedures. METHODS A thorough search included electronic databases for articles published up to April 15th, 2019. Inclusion criteria were set as (1) studies that reported on clinical outcomes following surgical or conservative treatment of AC joint dislocation; (2) studies reporting on failure or complications of primary treatment; (3) chronic instabilities caused by delayed or secondary treatment as well as (4) revision and salvage procedures. RESULTS The search strategy identified a total of 3269 citations. The final dataset comprised 84 studies published between 1954 and 2019. A total of 5605 patients (9.63% females) were involved with a mean age of 34.5 years. Overall, complication rates varied between 5 and 88.9% in patients with AC joint instability. CONCLUSION In the current literature, evidence for treatment of revision AC joint instability is still lacking, however, surgical treatment continues to evolve. The importance of failure analysis and clinically relevant algorithms were highlighted in this review. Adequately restoring native joint biomechanics is needed for ensuring an optimal healing environment that will translate into patient satisfaction and long-term stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Dyrna
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel P Berthold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feucht
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas N Muench
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Knut Beitzel
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany. .,ATOS Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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26
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Jordan RW, Malik S, Bentick K, Saithna A. Acromioclavicular joint augmentation at the time of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction fails to improve functional outcomes despite significantly improved horizontal stability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3747-3763. [PMID: 30267185 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction is a well-established and frequently performed procedure. Recent scientific and commercial interest has led to a drive to develop and perform surgical techniques that more reliably restore horizontal stability in order to improve patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the biomechanical evidence for procedures directed at restoring horizontal stability and determine whether they are associated with superior clinical results when compared to well-established procedures. METHODS A review of the online databases Medline and EMBASE was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines on the 23rd December 2017. Biomechanical and clinical studies reporting either static or dynamic horizontal displacement following acromioclavicular joint reconstruction (Coracoclavicular reconstruction or Weaver-Dunn) were included. In addition, biomechanical and clinical studies reporting outcomes after additional augmentation of the acromioclavicular joint were included. The studies were appraised using the Methodological index for non-randomised studies tool. RESULTS The search strategy identified 18 studies eligible for inclusion: six biomechanical and 12 clinical studies. Comparative biomechanical studies demonstrated that acromioclavicular augmentation provided significantly increased horizontal stability compared to the coracoclavicular reconstruction and Weaver-Dunn procedure. Comparative clinical studies demonstrated no significant differences between coracoclavicular reconstruction with and without acromioclavicular augmentation in terms of functional outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon and Constant score), complication or revision rates. However, one comparative study did demonstrate an improvement in Taft (p = 0.018) and Acromioclavicular Joint Instability scores (p = 0.0001) after acromioclavicular augmentation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, coracoclavicular reconstruction with augmentation of the acromioclavicular joint has been shown to provide improved horizontal stability in both biomechanical and clinical studies compared to isolated coracoclavicular reconstruction. However, comparative studies have shown no clinical advantage with respect to American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon or Constant scores and, therefore, the results of this systematic review do not support acromioclavicular augmentation in routine clinical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Jordan
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | | | | | - Adnan Saithna
- Medical Technologies and Advanced Materials, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Renacres Hospital, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 8SE, UK
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27
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Arthroscopically assisted acromioclavicular joint stabilization leads to significant clavicular tunnel widening in the early post-operative period. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3821-3826. [PMID: 31410526 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arthroscopically assisted acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) stabilization techniques use bone tunnels in the clavicle and coracoid process. The tunnel size has been shown to have an impact on the fracture risk of clavicle and coracoid. The aim of the present study was to radiographically evaluate the alterations of the clavicular tunnel size in the early post-operative period. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant increase of tunnel size. METHODS Twenty consecutive patients with acute high-grade ACJ (Rockwood type IV-V) injury underwent arthroscopic-assisted ACJ stabilization. The median age of the patients was 40 (26-66) years. For all patients, a single tunnel button-tape construct was used along with an additional ACJ tape cerclage. Radiologic measurements were undertaken on standardized Zanca films at two separate time points, immediate post-operative examination (IPO) and at late post-operative examination (> 4 months; LPO). The LPO radiographs were taken at a median follow-up period of 4.5 (3-6) months. Clavicular tunnel width (CT) and coracoclavicular distance (CCD) were measured using digital calipers by two independent examiners and the results are presented as median, range, and percentage. RESULTS The median CCD increased significantly from 9.5 (8-13) mm at IPO to 12 (7-20) mm at LPO (p < 0.05). Median tunnel size showed significant difference from 3 (3-4) mm at IPO to 5 (4-7) mm at LPO (p < 0.05). Despite a significant increase of 2 mm (66.6%) of the initial tunnel size, there was no correlation between tunnel widening and loss of reduction. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic ACJ stabilization with the use of bone tunnels led to a significant increase of clavicular tunnel size in the early post-operative period. This phenomenon carries a higher fracture risk, especially in high-impact athletes, which needs to be considered preoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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28
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Jobmann S, Buckup J, Colcuc C, Roessler PP, Zimmermann E, Schüttler KF, Hoffmann R, Welsch F, Stein T. Anatomic ligament consolidation of the superior acromioclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament complex after acute arthroscopically assisted double coracoclavicular bundle stabilization. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3168-3179. [PMID: 28924949 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The consolidation of the acromioclavicular (AC) and coracoclavicular (CC) ligament complex after arthroscopically assisted stabilization of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) separation is still under consideration. METHODS Fifty-five consecutive patients after arthroscopically assisted double-CC-bundle stabilization within 14 days after acute high-grade ACJ separation were studied prospectively. All patients were clinically analysed preoperatively (FU0) and post-operatively (FU1 = 6 months; FU2 = 12 months). The structural MRI assessments were performed at FU0 (injured ACJ) and at FU2 bilateral (radiologic control group) and assessed separately the ligament thickness and length at defined regions for the conoid, trapezoid and the superior AC ligament. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were assessed after 6.5 months and after 16.0 months. The 16-month MRI analysis revealed for all patients continuous ligament healing for the CC-complex and the superior AC ligament with in the average hypertrophic consolidation compared to the control side. Separate conoid and trapezoid strands (double-strand configuration) were detected in 27 of 37 (73%) patients, and a single-strand configuration was detected in 10 of 37 (27%) patients; both configurations showed similar CCD data. The ligament healing was not influenced by the point of surgery, age at surgery and heterotopic ossification. The clinical outcome was increased (FU0-FU2): Rowe, 47.7-97.0 pts.; TAFT, 3.9-10.6 pts.; NAS pain, 8.9-1.4 pts. (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The arthroscopically assisted double-CC-bundle stabilization within 14 days after acute high-grade ACJ separation showed 16 months after surgery sufficient consolidations of the AC and double-CC ligament complex in 73%. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, Case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jobmann
- Department of Sporttraumatology - Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Buckup
- Department of Sporttraumatology - Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Colcuc
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P P Roessler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - E Zimmermann
- Department of Sports medicine, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K F Schüttler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Welsch
- Department of Sporttraumatology - Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Stein
- Department of Sporttraumatology - Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Department of Sports medicine, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
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29
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Schär MO, Jenni S, Fessel G, Snedeker JG, Scheibel M, Zumstein MA. Biomechanical comparison of two biplanar and one monoplanar reconstruction techniques of the acromioclavicular joint. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:779-786. [PMID: 30739190 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to investigate the biomechanical performance of two surgical techniques, namely (1) the double Tight-Rope fixation with an additional acromioclavicular FiberTape fixation (DTRC) and (2) the fixation of the clavicle to the acromion and coracoid in a bipodal manner (Bipod) using a Poly-Tape and FiberTape. Both techniques intend to address vertical and horizontal instability after acromioclavicular dislocation. They were compared with the commonly used (3) double Tight-Rope (DTR) technique, which only stabilizes the clavicle to the coracoid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) of 18 composite Sawbone shoulder specimens (6 per reconstruction group) were tested for posterosuperior elongation (70N cyclical load, 1500 cycles), load-to-failure and stiffness. RESULTS After 1500 cycles, the DTRC, Bipod and DTR group showed an elongation of 0.45 mm (SD 0.14 mm), 1.19 mm (SD 0.54 mm), and 0.46 mm (SD 0.15 mm), respectively. Although the elongation of the Bipod group was increased when compared to the other two groups (Bipod versus DTRC p = 0.008; Bipod versus DTR p = 0.006), the difference was less than 0.7 mm. The DTRC showed a higher load-to-failure of 656.1N (SD 58.1 N) compared to the Bipod [531.1 N (SD 108.2N) (p = 0.039)] and DTR group [522.8 N (SD 32.8 N) (p = 0.033)]. CONCLUSION The DTRC and the DTR group resulted in similar low elongation, while the elongation in the Bipod technique was slightly higher. Even though this difference of 0.7 mm shows statistical significance, it most likely has no clinical relevance. When testing in posterosuperior direction, which is the clinically relevant load vector, an additional fixation of the clavicle to the acromion did not reduce elongation in this study. It is, furthermore, questionable if the benefit of an increased load-to-failure in combination with no improvement in elongation and stiffness as seen in the DTRC group outweighs the possible risks and increased costs coming with the DTRC refixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Schär
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefanie Jenni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gion Fessel
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist, Switzerland
| | - Markus Scheibel
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias A Zumstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Müller D, Reinig Y, Hoffmann R, Blank M, Welsch F, Schweigkofler U, Stein T. Return to sport after acute acromioclavicular stabilization: a randomized control of double-suture-button system versus clavicular hook plate compared to uninjured shoulder sport athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:3832-3847. [PMID: 29980805 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic high-grade acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) separations can be surgically stabilized by numerous anatomic and non-anatomic procedures. The return to sport (Maffe et al. in Am J Sports Med 23:93-98, 1995] and remaining sport-associated impairments after acute ACJ stabilization has not yet been investigated. METHODS 73 consecutive athletes with acute high-grade ACJ separation were prospectively assigned into two groups (64.4% randomized, 35.6% intention-to-treat): open clavicular hook plate (cHP) implantation (GI) or arthroscopically assisted double double-suture-button (dDSB) implantation (GII). Patients were analyzed using shoulder sport-specific measurement tools for sport ability (ASOSS), sport activity (SSAS), and numerical analog scales: NASpain during sport, NASshoulder function in sport, and NASre-achievement of sport level. Four points of examination were established: preoperative evaluation (FU0) and first postoperative follow-up (FU1) at 6 months; FU2 at 12 months; and FU3 at 24 months after surgery. The control group (GIII) consisted of 140 healthy athletes without anamnesis of prior macro-injury or surgery. RESULTS After surgical stabilization, 29 of 35 athletes in GI (82.9%; 38.6 ± 9.9 years) and 32 of 38 in GII (82.9%; 38.6 ± 9.9 years) were followed up for 24 months (FU3) (loss 17.8%). All operated athletes showed significantly increased scores compared to FU0 (p < 0.05). Compared to GI, GII showed significantly superior outcome data for sporting ability as well as for NASre-achievement of sport level (p < 0.05). While GII re-achieved GIII-comparable SSAS and ASOSS levels, GI remained at a significantly inferior level. Athletes after ACJ injury of Rockwood grade IV/V and overhead athletes benefited significantly from the dDSB procedure. CONCLUSION The dDSB procedure enabled significantly superior sport-specific outcomes compared to the cHP procedure. Athletes after dDSB surgeries re-achieved the sporting ability and the sport activity levels of healthy athletes, whereas athletes after cHP implantation remained at significantly inferior levels. The more extensive dDSB procedure and the more restrictive rehabilitation are recommended for treatment of acute high-grade ACJ separations of functionally high-demanding athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Müller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Reinig
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Blank
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Welsch
- Department of Sporttraumatology-Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Schweigkofler
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Stein
- Department of Sporttraumatology-Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Department of Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
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31
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Stein T, Müller D, Blank M, Reinig Y, Saier T, Hoffmann R, Welsch F, Schweigkofler U. Stabilization of Acute High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Separation: A Prospective Assessment of the Clavicular Hook Plate Versus the Double Double-Button Suture Procedure. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:2725-2734. [PMID: 30106600 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518788355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stabilization strategy for acute high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations with AC-stabilizing clavicular hook plate (cHP) or coracoclavicular (CC)-stabilizing double double-button suture (dDBS) is still under consideration. HYPOTHESIS The CC-stabilizing dDBS is superior to the cHP according to an AC-specific radiologic assessment and score system. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Seventy-three consecutive patients with acute high-grade AC joint separation were prospectively followed in 2 treatment groups (64.4% randomized, 35.6% patient-selected treatment): open reduction and cHP (cHP group) or arthroscopically assisted dDBS (dDBS group) performed within 14 days of injury. Patients were prospectively analyzed by clinical scores (Taft, Constant score [CS], numeric analog scale for pain) and AC-specific radiographs (AC distance, CC distance [CCD], relative CCD [rCCD; 100 / AC distance × CCD]) at points of examination (preoperative and 6, 12, and 24 months). The minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were assessed by the anchor-based method. RESULTS Twenty-seven of 35 patients (mean age ± SD: 37.7 ± 9.7 years) after cHP implantation and 29 of 38 patients (34.2 ± 9.7 years) after dDBS implantation were continuously followed until the 24-month follow-up. All patients showed significantly increased scores after surgery as compared with preoperative status (all P < .05). As compared with GI, GII had significantly better outcomes at 24 months (Taft: cHP = 9.4 ± 1.7 vs dDBS = 10.9 ± 1.1, P < .05, MCID = 2.9; CS: cHP = 90.2 ± 7.8 vs dDBS = 95.3 ± 4.4, P < .02, MCID = 16.6) and at 24 months for Rockwood IV/V (Taft: cHP = 9.4 ± 1.7 vs dDBS = 11.1 ± 0.8, P < .0005; CS: cHP = 90.1 ± 7.7 vs dDBS = 95.5 ± 3.1, P < .04). Clinically assessed horizontal instability persisted in 18.52% (GI) and 6.89% (GII; P = .24). The rCCD showed equal loss of reduction at 24 months (GII = 130.7% [control = 111%] vs GI = 141.8% [control = 115%], MCID = 11.1%). CONCLUSION This prospective study showed significantly superior outcomes in all clinical scores between GII and GI. The subanalysis of the high-grade injury type (Rockwood IV/V) revealed that these patients showed significant benefits from the dDBS procedure in the clinical assessments. The cHP procedure resulted in good to excellent clinical outcome data and displayed an alternative procedure for patients needing less restrictive rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stein
- Department of Sporttraumatology, Knee, and Shoulder Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Müller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Blank
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yana Reinig
- Department of Sporttraumatology, Knee, and Shoulder Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tim Saier
- Department of Reconstructive Joint Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederic Welsch
- Department of Sporttraumatology, Knee, and Shoulder Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Schweigkofler
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Moatshe G, Kruckeberg BM, Chahla J, Godin JA, Cinque ME, Provencher MT, LaPrade RF. Acromioclavicular and Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction for Acromioclavicular Joint Instability: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes. Arthroscopy 2018; 34:1979-1995.e8. [PMID: 29573931 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a systematic review of the available literature on clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgical treatment for acromioclavicular (AC) joint instability. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were AC joint and coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstruction outcomes, English language, human studies, more than 10 patients in the study and a 2-year minimum follow-up. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, cadaveric studies, clinical studies without reported follow-up period or patient-reported outcomes, clinical studies of nonoperative treatment, AC reconstructions with concurrent lateral clavicle fracture, editorial articles, abstracts, presentations, reviews, case reports, and surveys. RESULTS The systematic review identified 34 studies (939 patients) after inclusion and exclusion criteria application. Postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores ranged from 93.8 to 96, 81.8 to 97.8, and 88.1 for free tendon graft, suspensory devices, and modified Weaver-Dunn techniques, respectively. Postoperative Constant scores were 76.4 to 96.0, 82.6 to 97.8, 85.9 to 97.0, 81 to 96 and 83.0 to 94.6 for free tendon graft, suspensory devices, synthetic ligament devices, modified Weaver-Dunn, and hook plate/K-wires techniques, respectively. All treatment modalities improved patient outcomes; however, hook plates and K-wires had the highest rate of complications (26.3%). Unplanned reoperation rates were 1.2%, 2.8%, 0.9%, 5.4%, and 2.6% in free tendon graft, suspensory devices, synthetic ligament devices, modified Weaver-Dunn, and hook plate/K-wires techniques, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Comparable subjective outcomes after surgical treatment of AC joint instability was reported for all modalities, with relatively low unplanned reoperation rates. Treatment with hook plate/K-wires was associated with the highest complication rates, and modified Weaver-Dunn had the highest unplanned reoperation rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level I-IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Moatshe
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; OSTRC, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jorge Chahla
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Mark E Cinque
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Matthew T Provencher
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Robert F LaPrade
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A..
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Hann C, Kraus N, Minkus M, Maziak N, Scheibel M. Combined arthroscopically assisted coraco- and acromioclavicular stabilization of acute high-grade acromioclavicular joint separations. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:212-220. [PMID: 28717889 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS Due to high rate of persisting dynamic posterior translation (DPT) following isolated coracoclavicular double-button technique for reconstruction of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint reported in the literature, an additional acromioclavicular cerclage was added to the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients with high-grade AC-joint instability treated with a double TightRope technique with an additional percutaneous acromioclavicular cerclage. METHODS Fifty-nine patients (6 f/53 m; median age 38.3 (range 21.5-63.4 years) who sustained an acute high-grade AC-joint dislocation (Rockwood type V) were treated using the above-mentioned technique. At the final follow-up, the constant score (CS), the subjective shoulder value (SSV), the Taft score (TF) and the acromioclavicular joint instability score (ACJI) as well as bilateral anteroposterior stress views with 10 kg of axial load and bilateral modified Alexander views were obtained. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 26.4 (range 20.3-61.0) months, 34 patients scored a median of 90 (33-100) points in the CS, 90 (25-100) % in the SSV, 11 (4-12) points in the TF and 87 (43-100) points in the ACJI. The coracoclavicular (CC) distance was 12.1 (6.5-19.8) mm and the CC difference 2.0 (0.0-11.0) mm. Two patients (5.8%) showed a complete DPT of the AC joint, and fourteen patients (41.1%) displayed a partial DPT. The overall revision rate was 11.7%. Two patients presented implant irritation, one patient a recurrent instability, and one patient suffered from a local infection. CONCLUSION The arthroscopically assisted and image-intensifier-controlled double TightRope technique with an additional percutaneous acromioclavicular cerclage leads to good and excellent clinical results after a follow-up of 2 years. The incidence of persisting dynamic horizontal translation is lower compared to isolated coracoclavicular stabilization. Thus, we recommend using the double TightRope implant with an additional acromioclavicular cerclage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hann
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natascha Kraus
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marvin Minkus
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Maziak
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scheibel
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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van Bergen CJA, van Bemmel AF, Alta TDW, van Noort A. New insights in the treatment of acromioclavicular separation. World J Orthop 2017; 8:861-873. [PMID: 29312844 PMCID: PMC5745428 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i12.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct force on the superior aspect of the shoulder may cause acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation or separation. Severe dislocations can lead to chronic impairment, especially in the athlete and high-demand manual laborer. The dislocation is classified according to Rockwood. Types I and II are treated nonoperatively, while types IV, V and VI are generally treated operatively. Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment of type III dislocations in the high-demand patient. Recent evidence suggests that these should be treated nonoperatively initially. Classic surgical techniques were associated with high complication rates, including recurrent dislocations and hardware breakage. In recent years, many new techniques have been introduced in order to improve the outcomes. Arthroscopic reconstruction or repair techniques have promising short-term results. This article aims to provide a current concepts review on the treatment of AC dislocations with emphasis on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelies F van Bemmel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp 2134 TM, The Netherlands
| | - Tjarco D W Alta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp 2134 TM, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur van Noort
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp 2134 TM, The Netherlands
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A comparison between two double-button endoscopically assisted surgical techniques for the treatment acute acromioclavicular dislocations. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 102:73-79. [PMID: 28861851 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare clinical and radiological outcomes between two endoscopically assisted double-button techniques in high-grade acute acromioclavicular separations. METHODS A retrospective single-center study was conducted in patients with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation Rockwood types III and V, from 2009 to 2014. All were treated endoscopically, with a 1-year minimum follow-up. Two consecutive series were conducted; the first (TR group) received the TightRope® system, whereas last series (DB group) was treated with the Dog Bone® button technology (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA). Primary endpoints were last follow-up values of Constant score (CS) and Quick-DASH (QD) score. Moreover, the posttraumatic displacement and its evolution were assessed on bilateral Zanca radiographs. A displacement of 5 mm or greater the day after surgery was considered as a lack of reduction; the same difference on last follow-up X-rays was considered as a loss of reduction. RESULTS Forty patients were reviewed: 22 in the TR group and 18 in the DB group. After a mean follow-up of 27.7 ± 8.3 months, CS and QD averaged, respectively, 94.3 ± 4.4 and 2.0 ± 2.6 in the TR series, whereas they averaged, respectively, 95 ± 6.1 and 3.4 ± 3.3 in the DB series after a mean follow-up of 24.1 ± 5 months (PCS = 0.16, PQDS = 0.08). Lack of reduction and loss of reduction rates were significantly higher in the DB group, with P = 0.0005 and P < 0.0001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both techniques provided good to excellent functional outcomes. However, considering inferior radiological results using the Dog Bone® device, we would prefer the TightRope® device in acute acromioclavicular dislocations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: Therapeutic study-cases series.
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36
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Acromioclavicular joint dislocations: coracoclavicular reconstruction with and without additional direct acromioclavicular repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:2025-2031. [PMID: 26685688 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate different stabilisation techniques for acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations, including direct AC repair, and to compare the properties of the stabilised and native joints. METHODS An established in vitro testing model for the AC joint was used to analyse joint stability after surgical reconstruction [double TightRope (DTR), DTR with AC repair (DTR + AC), single TR with AC repair (TR + AC), and PDS sling with AC repair (PDS + AC)]. Twenty-four human cadaveric shoulders were randomised by age into four testing groups. Joint stiffness was measured by applying an axial load during defined physiological ranges of motion. Similar tests were performed for the native joints, after dissecting the coracoclavicular and AC ligaments, and after surgical reconstruction. Cyclic loading was performed for 1000 cycles with 20-70 N and vertical load to failure determined after cyclic testing. RESULTS Axial stiffness for all TR groups was significantly higher than for the native joint (DTR 38.94 N/mm, p = 0.005; DTR + AC 37.79 N/mm, p = 0.015; TR + AC 45.61 N/mm, p < 0.001 vs. native 26.05 N/mm). The axial stiffness of the PDS + AC group was similar to that of the native joint group (21.4 N/mm, n.s.). AC repair did not significantly influence rotational stiffness. Load to failure was similar and >600 N in all groups (n.s.). CONCLUSION Reconstruction of AC dislocations with one or two TRs leads to stable results with a higher stiffness than the native joints. For the PDS + AC group, axial stiffness was similar to the native situation, although there might be a risk of elongation. Direct AC repair showed no significantly increased stability in comparison with reconstructions without direct AC repair. Thus, a direct AC repair seems to be dispensable in clinical practice, while TRs or PDS cerclages appear to provide sufficiently stable results.
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Porschke F, Schnetzke M, Aytac S, Studier-Fischer S, Gruetzner PA, Guehring T. Sports activity after anatomic acromioclavicular joint stabilisation with flip-button technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:1995-2003. [PMID: 27565482 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-016-4287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sports activity after surgical AC joint stabilisation has not been comprehensively evaluated to date. The aim of this study was to determine rate, level and time to return to sports after AC joint stabilisation and to identify the influence of overhead sports on post-operative sports activity. METHODS In this retrospective case series, a total of 68 patients with a high-grade AC joint dislocation (Rockwood type V) were stabilised using a single TightRope technique. Fifty-five patients (80.9 %) with median age of 42.0 (range, 18-65) years completed questionnaires regarding sports activity before and after surgery. Clinical outcome and complications were also evaluated. Forty-three patients participated in sports regularly before injury. Their sports activity was rated according to Allain, and non-overhead and overhead sports were differentiated. RESULTS At median follow-up of 24 (18-45) months, 41 of 43 patients (95.3 %) had returned to sports. 63 % returned to the same sports activity as before injury. 16.3 % needed to adapt the type of sports to reduce demanding activities. 11.6 % reduced the frequency and 32.5 % the intensity of sports. The median time to return to sports was 9.5 (3-18) months. Overhead athletes (Allain Type III and IV) had to reduce their sports activity significantly more often (11.8 vs. 53.8 %; p = 0.011) and needed more time to return to sports (9.5 vs. 4.5 months; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION After stabilisation of AC joint dislocation, the majority of patients returned to sports after a substantial period of time. Overhead athletes, in particular, required more time and had to considerably reduce their sports activity. The findings impact therapeutic decision-making after AC joint injury and help with the prognosis and assessment of rehabilitation progress. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Porschke
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Schnetzke
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sara Aytac
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Studier-Fischer
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul Alfred Gruetzner
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Guehring
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Minkus M, Kraus N, Hann C, Scheibel M. Arthroscopic Reconstruction After Acute Acromioclavicular Separation Injuries. JBJS Essent Surg Tech 2017; 7:e7. [PMID: 30233942 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.st.16.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute acromioclavicular (AC)-joint dislocations are common injuries of the shoulder girdle. Surgical repair is indicated for acute high-grade (Rockwood types IV, V, and VI) AC-joint injuries. The best treatment for type III is still controversial, but young and active patients with this type of injury might benefit from a surgical AC-joint stabilization. Surgery should be performed within the first 3 weeks after the injury since the biological healing potential decreases with time. Acute AC-joint separation is diagnosed by clinical examination and radiography. Vertical translation anteroposterior stress views with a 10-kg load are used to grade the injuries. Bilateral lateral stress (Alexander) views are used to evaluate dynamic horizontal translation qualitatively. Arthroscopic techniques for AC reconstruction have become more popular in recent years because they are minimally invasive; they allow treatment of concomitant glenohumeral lesions; and they can be performed in one step, with insertion of implants that do not have to be removed later. The arthroscopically assisted double-button technique with an additional AC cerclage was developed to stabilize the AC joint by internal bracing of the torn ligaments. The procedure consists of the following steps. Step 1: With the patient in the beach-chair position, a 2-cm incision is made on top of the clavicle and posterior and lateral viewing portals as well as an anteroinferior working portal are created. Step 2: With the arthroscope in the lateral portal, the subcoracoid bursa and the base of the coracoid are dissected with a radiofrequency ablation device through the anteroinferior portal. Step 3: Coracoclavicular drilling is done with use of a drill guide and under arthroscopic and image-intensifier control. After overdrilling of the Kirschner wires, Nitinol suture passers are introduced and retrieved via the anteroinferior portal. Step 4: Transclavicular and transacromial drill-holes are established for the AC cerclage. Step 5: The 2 double-button devices are attached to the Nitinol suture passers, and the inferior buttons are shuttled through the clavicle and coracoid and then placed parallel to the coracoid base. Step 6: The sutures are tightened, and an anatomical vertical reduction of the AC joint is achieved. Step 7: A triangular acromioclavicular nonabsorbable cerclage tape is used for horizontal stabilization. Step 8: The clavicular incision is closed in 2 layers, including the repair of the deltotrapezoidal fascia and the arthroscopic portals, in a standard fashion. The combined arthroscopically-assisted and image-intensifier-controlled double-button technique with an additional AC cerclage is a safe procedure that enables an anatomical reduction of the AC joint and yields good to excellent clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Minkus
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natascha Kraus
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Hann
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scheibel
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Post-operative outcomes and complications of suspensory loop fixation device versus hook plate in acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Traumatol 2017; 18:293-304. [PMID: 28236179 PMCID: PMC5685975 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-017-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of acute (≤3 weeks) acromioclavicular joint dislocation type III-VI is still controversial. Currently, the two modern techniques that are widely used are hook plate (HP) fixation and coracoclavicular ligament fixation using a suspensory loop device that consists of either a tightrope (single or double), endo-button (single or double), or synthetic ligament and absorbable polydioxansulfate sling. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies that reported Constant-Murley score (CMS), Pain Visual Analog score (VAS) and postoperative complications of either technique were identified from Medline and Scopus from inception to 5 October 2015. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included for the analysis of HP fixation, and 25 studies were included for analysis of loop suspensory fixation (LSF). Pooling of mean CMS and VAS scores gave 90.35 (95% CI 87.16, 93.54), 1.51 (95% CI 0.73, 2) in the HP group, and 92.48 (95% CI 90.91, 94.05), 0.32 (95% CI 0, 0.64) in the suspensory loop devices group, respectively. The pooled unstandardized mean differences (UMD) scores of CMS and VAS in LSF were 2.13 (95% CI -1.43, 5.69) and -1.19 (95% CI -2.03, -0.35) when compared to hook plating. The pooled prevalence of LSF and hook plating were 0.08 (95% CI 0.06, 0.10) and 0.05 (95% CI 0.02, 0.08) scores. The chance of having complications in the LSF group was 1.69 (95% CI 1.07, 2.60), which was statistically significantly higher than in the HP group. CONCLUSION LSF have higher shoulder function scores (CMS) and lower postoperative pain when compared to HP fixation; however, there are higher complication rates with LSF when compared to hook plating. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Cano-Martínez JA, Nicolás-Serrano G, Bento-Gerard J, Picazo-Marín F, Andrés-Grau J. Acute high-grade acromioclavicular dislocations treated with triple button device (MINAR): Preliminary results. Injury 2016; 47:2512-2519. [PMID: 27663286 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the clinical and radiological results of triple button device in the treatment of high-grade AC dislocations (Rockwood, type V) and assess whether improves vertical and horizontal stability compared to the techniques previously described. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 39 patients with type V acromioclavicular dislocations treated with Twin Tail TightRope™ system (triple button device). Of the 39 patients, 33 (26 men and 7 women) were able to participate in clinical and radiographic follow up. At the time of surgery, the mean age was 25years±7(range, 17-49). All patients underwent bilateral-weighted Zanca (CC distance) and Alexander view (AC distance) as well as the Constant Score (CS) and Acromioclavicular Joint Instability Scoring System (ACJI). Radiological and clinical outcome was assessed during routine follow-up examinations preoperatively, postoperatively, 1, 3, 6 months and every year after the surgery. The presence of calcification, degenerative changes, mobilization of implants and bone resorption were also assessed. RESULTS After a mean follow up of 25±4months (range 14-38), the results of the Constant (CS) were 94.1±5,5 (range 76-100) and test ACJI 87.3±9,8 (range 65-100), showing no significant differences with the uninjured shoulder (CS 95.8±2.5, range 83-100; ACJI 94.1±3.7, range 80-100). At final review, we observed that preoperative coracoclavicular distance (Zanca View) improved from 21,75±1.97mm to 8,73mm±0.75 and the acromioclavicular distance (Alexander View) from 12,65mm±1.99 to 0,35±0.3mm. Compared with healthy shoulder, these differences were not significant. There was no loss of reduction with this system in the vertical plane. 4 patients (12.12%) revealed signs of posterior instability with worse clinical test results. The presence of degenerative joint changes (6,06%), calcifications (27,2%) or mobilization of the implant (18,18%) was not associated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Twin Tail device using minimally invasive technique improves stability in the vertical and, specially in the horizontal plane relative to the previously described techniques without increasing number of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Cano-Martínez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Paraje Torre Octavio, 54, CP: 30739, Pozo Aledo, San Javier, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Nicolás-Serrano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Paraje Torre Octavio, 54, CP: 30739, Pozo Aledo, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Bento-Gerard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Paraje Torre Octavio, 54, CP: 30739, Pozo Aledo, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Picazo-Marín
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Paraje Torre Octavio, 54, CP: 30739, Pozo Aledo, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefina Andrés-Grau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Murcia, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General Hospital, Paraje Torre Octavio, 54, CP: 30739, Pozo Aledo, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
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Maier D, Jaeger M, Reising K, Feucht MJ, Südkamp NP, Izadpanah K. Injury patterns of the acromioclavicular ligament complex in acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: a cross-sectional, fundamental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:385. [PMID: 27600992 PMCID: PMC5012011 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal instability impairs clinical outcome following acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) reconstruction and may be caused by insufficient healing of the superior acromioclavicular ligament complex (ACLC). However, characteristics of acute ACLC injuries are poorly understood so far. Purposes of this study were to identify different ACLC tear types, assess type-specific prevalence and determine influencing cofactors. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study comprised 65 patients with acute-traumatic Rockwood-5 (n = 57) and Rockwood-4 (n = 8) injuries treated operatively by means of mini-open ACJ reduction and hook plate stabilization. Mean age at surgery was 38.2 years (range, 19-57 years). Standardized pre- and intraoperative evaluation included assessment of ACLC tear patterns and cofactors related to the articular disc, the deltoid-trapezoidal (DT) fascia and bony ACJ morphology. Articular disc size was quantified as 0 = absent, 1 = remnant, 2 = meniscoid and 3 = complete. RESULTS All patients showed complete ruptures of the superior ACLC, which could be assigned to four different tear patterns. Clavicular-sided (AC-1) tears were observed in 46/65 (70.8 %), oblique (AC-2) tears in 12/65 (18.5 %), midportion (AC-3) tears in 3/65 (4.6 %) and acromial-sided (AC-4) tears in 4/65 (6.1 %) of cases. Articular disc size manifestation was significantly (P < .001) more pronounced in patients with AC-1 tears (1.89 ± 0.57) compared to patients with AC-2 tears (0.67 ± 0.89). Other cofactors did not influence ACLC tear patterns. ACLC dislocation with incarceration caused mechanical impediment to anatomical ACJ reduction in 14/65 (21.5 %) of cases including all Rockwood-4 dislocations. Avulsion "in continuity" was a consistent mode of failure of the DT fascia. Type-specific operative strategies enabled anatomical ACLC repair of all observed tear types. CONCLUSIONS Acute ACLC injuries follow distinct tear patterns. There exist clavicular-sided (AC-1), oblique (AC-2), midportion (AC-3) and acromial-sided (AC-4) tears. Articular disc size was a determinant factor of ACLC tear morphology. Mini-open surgery was required in Rockwood-4 and a relevant proportion of Rockwood-5 dislocations to achieve both anatomical ACLC and ACJ reduction. Type-specific operative repair of acute ACLC tears might promote biological healing and lower rates of horizontal ACJ instability following acute ACJ reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Maier
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Reising
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feucht
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert P Südkamp
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaywan Izadpanah
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Lateur G, Boudissa M, Rubens-Duval B, Mader R, Rouchy RC, Pailhé R, Saragaglia D. Long-term outcomes of tension band wiring with a single K-wire in Rockwood type IV/V acute acromio-clavicular dislocations: 25 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2016; 102:589-93. [PMID: 27424096 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to evaluate the long-term functional and radiological outcomes of tension band wiring with a single K-wire for acute Rockwood types IV and V acromio-clavicular dislocation (ACD). METHODS Single-centre cross-sectional non-randomised observational cohort study of 25 shoulders treated surgically between January 2002 and December 2004, in 25 patients, 23 males and 2 females, with a mean age of 35±11years (24-46). The evaluation criteria were the absolute and weighted Constant scores, QuickDASH score, subjective shoulder value (SSV), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at rest and during activities, and radiographic features in clinically symptomatic patients. RESULTS Mean values were as follows: follow-up, 150±17months (133-167); absolute Constant score, 88±17 (71-105); weighted Constant score, 92.5±12.5 (80-105); QuickDASH, 15.5±7 (8.5-22.5); SSV, 88±17% (71-105); VAS pain score at rest, 0.2±0.7 (0-0.9); and VAS pain score while active, 1.4±2.3 (0-3.7). The weighted Constant score was less than 70% in only 8% of patients. Of the 17 patients for whom radiographs were obtained, 8 had acromio-clavicular osteoarthritis. Mean coraco-clavicular distance was 12.3±4.3mm (8-16.6) and mean acromio-clavicular distance was 5±5mm (0-10). The recurrence rate was 8%. CONCLUSION Tension band wiring with a single K-wire for acute acromio-clavicular dislocation reliably provides good long-term functional outcomes. Recurrences are uncommon and few patients experience symptoms (8%). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lateur
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France.
| | - M Boudissa
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France
| | - B Rubens-Duval
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France
| | - R Mader
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France
| | - R C Rouchy
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France
| | - R Pailhé
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France
| | - D Saragaglia
- Clinique universitaire de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du sport, hôpital Sud, CHU de Grenoble, 38130 Échirolles, France
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Spencer HT, Hsu L, Sodl J, Arianjam A, Yian EH. Radiographic failure and rates of re-operation after acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: a comparison of surgical techniques. Bone Joint J 2016; 98-B:512-8. [PMID: 27037434 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b4.35935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare radiographic failure and re-operation rates of anatomical coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstructional techniques with non-anatomical techniques after chronic high grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed chronic AC joint reconstructions within a region-wide healthcare system to identify surgical technique, complications, radiographic failure and re-operations. Procedures fell into four categories: (1) modified Weaver-Dunn, (2) allograft fixed through coracoid and clavicular tunnels, (3) allograft loop coracoclavicular fixation, and (4) combined allograft loop and synthetic cortical button fixation. Among 167 patients (mean age 38.1 years, (standard deviation (sd) 14.7) treated at least a four week interval after injury, 154 had post-operative radiographs available for analysis. RESULTS Radiographic failure occurred in 33/154 cases (21.4%), with the lowest rate in Technique 4 (2/42 4.8%, p = 0.001). Half the failures occurred by six weeks, and the Kaplan-Meier survivorship at 24 months was 94.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 79.6 to 98.6) for Technique 4 and 69.9% (95% CI 59.4 to 78.3) for the other techniques when combined. In multivariable survival analysis, Technique 4 had better survival than other techniques (Hazard Ratio 0.162, 95% CI 0.039 to 0.068, p = 0.013). Among 155 patients with a minimum of six months post-operative insurance coverage, re-operation occurred in 9.7% (15 patients). However, in multivariable logistic regression, Technique 4 did not reach a statistically significant lower risk for re-operation (odds ratio 0.254, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.3, p = 0.11). CONCLUSION In this retrospective series, anatomical CC ligament reconstruction using combined synthetic cortical button and allograft loop fixation had the lowest rate of radiographic failure. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Anatomical coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using combined synthetic cortical button and allograft loop fixation had the lowest rate of radiographic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Spencer
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 3460 East La Palma Avenue Anaheim, California, 92806, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 3460 East La Palma Avenue Anaheim, California, 92806, USA
| | - J Sodl
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 3460 East La Palma Avenue Anaheim, California, 92806, USA
| | - A Arianjam
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 3460 East La Palma Avenue Anaheim, California, 92806, USA
| | - E H Yian
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 3460 East La Palma Avenue Anaheim, California, 92806, USA
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Theopold J, Marquass B, von Dercks N, Mütze M, Henkelmann R, Josten C, Hepp P. Arthroscopically guided navigation for repair of acromioclavicular joint dislocations: a safe technique with reduced intraoperative radiation exposure. Patient Saf Surg 2015; 9:41. [PMID: 26702301 PMCID: PMC4689049 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accuracy evaluation of navigated image free placement of double cortical fixation buttons for coracoclavicular tunnel position in comparison to conventional drill guide based placement. Methods Twenty-six patients with acute acromioclavicular joint instability were included in this non-randomized cohort study. All patients were treated with a Double- TightRope technique. In 13 cases the conventional drill guide based placement was used (group 1). In 13 patients surgery was performed as a navigated procedure with a fluoro-free optoelectronic system (group 2). The number of coracoclavicular drillings per patient (First pass accuracy; FPA (%)) was documented, the subcoracoidal position of the fixation buttons has been evaluated and graded as “intended position achieved (IPA)” or “intended position not achieved (IPnA)”. Results In group 1 drilling had to be repeated in four patients (30.8 %) to achieve proper placement of the subcoracoidal fixation buttons. 100 % first pass accuracy was observed in group 2 (p = 0.03). In group 1, the intended position of the subcoracoid buttons was not achieved (IPnA) in six patients (46.2 %). In group 2 all intended positions were achieved (p = 0.005). Conclusion Arthroscopic controlled fluoro-free navigated coracoclavicular drilling for the repair of acromioclavicular joint dislocation has higher first pass accuracy in comparison to conventional drill guide based placement. Therefore the navigation enables a precise position of the drill holes, may reduce the risk of an iatrogenic coracoid fracture and migration of fixation devices. Trial registration Local institutional review board No. 061-14-10032014
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Theopold
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Devision of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bastian Marquass
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Devision of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus von Dercks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Devision of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Mütze
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Devision of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Henkelmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Devision of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Josten
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Devision of Arthroscopy, Joint Surgery and Sport Injuries, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Clavert P, Meyer A, Boyer P, Gastaud O, Barth J, Duparc F. Complication rates and types of failure after arthroscopic acute acromioclavicular dislocation fixation. Prospective multicenter study of 116 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015; 101:S313-6. [PMID: 26545944 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To report and analyze both the surgical and radiographic complications associated with anatomic coracoclavicular (CC) ligament procedures and to evaluate the effect of these complications on patient outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS From July 2012 to July 2013, 116 primary anatomic CC ligament procedures (all arthroscopic endobutton fixations) were performed in 14 different centers. Demographic, surgical, subjective, and radiographic data were prospectively analyzed in 14 centers with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. RESULTS This series included 96 men and 20 women, mean age 37 years old, with a mean delay to surgery of 10 days. No intraoperative complications were reported. There were 11 complications due to hardware failure resulting in a loss of reduction, 1 coracoid fracture, 7 cases of adhesive capsulitis, 2 local infections, 5 cases of hardware pain. There were significant differences in outcomes between patients who did and did not develop complications: mean CS=71 vs. 93, (P<0.0001). All the parameters of the CS were statistically affected (P<0.0001). Forty-eight patients had persistent dislocation>150% on an AP X-ray which affected the pain and activity CS (P=0.023 and P=0.044). No preoperative predictive factors were identified. These patients could not return to the same level of sports activities due to persistent pain. DISCUSSION Anatomic procedures to treat AC joint dislocation using CC ligament reconstruction resulted in an overall complication rate of 22.4% and influenced the return to sports. Good to excellent outcomes were reported in patients without complications. CLINICAL SERIES Level of evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Clavert
- Service de chirurgie du membre supérieur, CCOM, 10, avenue Baumann, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
| | - A Meyer
- Chirurgie de l'épaule, groupe Maussins, 67, rue de Romainville, Paris, France
| | - P Boyer
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris, France
| | - O Gastaud
- Institut universitaire de l'appareil locomoteur et du sport, CHU Nice-Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, CS51069, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France
| | - J Barth
- Centre ostéo-articulaire des Cèdres, Parc Sud Galaxie, 5, rue des Tropiques, Échirolles, France
| | - F Duparc
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
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Treatment of patients with acromioclavicular joint injuries (Rockwood II–VI) with modeled Kirschner wire and cortical screw. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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[Therapy of acute acromioclavicular joint instability. Meta-analysis of arthroscopic/minimally invasive versus open procedures]. Unfallchirurg 2015; 118:415-26. [PMID: 25964021 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-015-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of surgical procedure are desrcibed for the treatment of acute acromioclavicular (AC-) joint injuries. Beside open techniques arthroscopic assisted procedures spread widely. Each surgical technique offers advantages and disadvantages, but none is currently accepted as a gold standard. Therefore, the study aims to review the evidence for arthroscopic and open surgical procedures in the treatment of acute AC joint instabilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions we conducted a defined search of Medline and Embase database for articles publisher over the last ten years. RESULTS The search resulted in 961 studies of which 32 were included in this review and 3 studies were suitable for a meta-analysis. The functional outcome (Constant score) showed a tendency towards better results after arthroscopic procedures (weighted mean difference 5.60, 95% confidence interval 0.36-10.64). There were no significant differences with respect to complication rates, secondary dislocation in the vertical plane, revision surgery and AC joint instability. CONCLUSION There is insufficient evidence to inform the surgical management of acute AC joint instability. Due to inconsistent study designs there is no evidence for a general superiority of any of the open or arthroscopic procedures. Randomized, controlled studies are necessary to demonstrate whether arthroscopic techniques show a potential benefit in terms of a better functional outcome.
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Complications after arthroscopic coracoclavicular reconstruction using a single adjustable-loop-length suspensory fixation device in acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Arthroscopy 2015; 31:816-24. [PMID: 25543250 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular (CC) fixation using a single adjustable-loop-length suspensory fixation device for acute acromioclavicular dislocation and to report intraoperative and postoperative complications. METHODS Eighteen consecutive patients with acute acromioclavicular dislocation underwent arthroscopically assisted CC fixation using a single TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL). Using the Rockwood classification, 3 patients had grade III dislocations, one patient had a grade IV dislocation, and 14 patients had grade V dislocations. RESULTS The preoperative CC distance of the injured shoulder was 16.1 ± 2.7 mm (range, 11.2 to 21.0 mm), and it increased by 99% ± 36% (range, 17% to 153%) on average compared with the contralateral shoulder. The average CC distance was 10.5 ± 2.5 mm (range, 7.7 to 15.5 mm), and it increased by 30% ± 30% (range, -9.4% to 90%) at the final follow-up. Compared with immediate postoperative radiographs, the CC distance was maintained in 12 patients, increased between 50% and 100% in 4 patients, and increased more than 100% in 2 patients at final follow-up. However, there was no statistical difference in Constant scores between 6 patients with reduction loss (95.6 ± 4.5) and 12 patients with reduction maintenance (98.4 ± 2.5; P = .17). Perioperative complications occurred in 8 patients, including one case of acromioclavicular arthritis, one case of delayed distal clavicular fracture at the clavicular hole of the device, 3 cases of clavicular or coracoid button failures, and 3 cases of clavicular bony erosion. CONCLUSIONS Satisfactory clinical outcomes were obtained after CC fixation using the single adjustable-loop-length suspensory fixation device for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation. However, CC fixation failure of greater than 50% of the unaffected side in radiological examinations occurred in 33% of the patients within 3 months after the operation. Additionally, 8 patients (44%) had complications associated with the adjustable-loop-length suspensory fixation device and surgical technical problems. Despite acceptable shoulder function restoration, adequate care should be exercised in surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular dislocation with a single adjustable-loop-length suspensory fixation device for optimal radiological outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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Woodmass JM, Esposito JG, Ono Y, Nelson AA, Boorman RS, Thornton GM, Lo IK. Complications following arthroscopic fixation of acromioclavicular separations: a systematic review of the literature. Open Access J Sports Med 2015; 6:97-107. [PMID: 25914562 PMCID: PMC4401206 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s73211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Over the past decade, a number of arthroscopic or arthroscopically assisted reconstruction techniques have emerged for the management of acromioclavicular (AC) separations. These techniques provide the advantage of superior visualization of the base of the coracoid, less soft tissue dissection, and smaller incisions. While these techniques have been reported to provide excellent functional results with minimal complications, discrepancies exist within the literature. This systematic review aims to assess the rate of complications following these procedures. Methods Two independent reviewers completed a search of Medline, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library entries up to December 2013. The terms “Acromioclavicular Joint (MeSH)” OR “acromioclavicular* (text)” OR “coracoclavicular* (text)” AND “Arthroscopy (MeSH)” OR “Arthroscop* (text)” were used. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated assuming a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Level of evidence IV Results A total of 972 abstracts met the search criteria. After removal of duplicates and assessment of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 12 articles were selected for data extraction. The rate of superficial infection was 3.8% and residual shoulder/AC pain or hardware irritation occurred at a rate of 26.7%. The rate of coracoid/clavicle fracture was 5.3% and occurred most commonly with techniques utilizing bony tunnels. Loss of AC joint reduction occurred in 26.8% of patients. Conclusion Arthroscopic AC reconstruction techniques carry a distinct complication profile. The TightRope/Endobutton techniques, when performed acutely, provide good radiographic outcomes at the expense of hardware irritation. In contrast, graft reconstructions in patients with chronic AC separations demonstrated a high risk for loss of reduction. Fractures of the coracoid/clavicle remain a significant complication occurring predominately with techniques utilizing bony tunnels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarret M Woodmass
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John G Esposito
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yohei Ono
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atiba A Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard S Boorman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gail M Thornton
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Ky Lo
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Arthroscopy-assisted reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament by Endobutton fixation for treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2015; 135:9-16. [PMID: 25421528 PMCID: PMC4281352 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-014-2117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament using Endobutton for treating acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. METHODS From March 2012 to May 2013, a total of 22 patients with fresh AC joint dislocation (Rockwood type III and type V) were treated with arthroscopy-assisted Endobutton reconstruction of the CC ligament. The regular post-operation follow-up was performed. Shoulder joint function was assessed with Constant-Murley scores. Postoperative efficacy of the surgery was evaluated using the Karlsson criterion. RESULTS The 22 patients were followed postoperatively for an average of 24 months (16-31 months). Among them, 20 patients achieved good functional recovery with no pain. Two patients had slight pain in the acromion during shoulder joint motion with limited abduction at 3 months, both of whom had recovered at 6 months. Radiography confirmed anatomical reduction of the AC joint in all patients. At 1 year, the Constant-Murley scores were 93.1 ± 2.4 points on the injured side versus 94.2 ± 2.7 points on the uninjured side. The difference did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Postoperative Karlsson evaluation ranked 20 patients (90.9 %) as grade A and 2 as grade B (9.1 %) at the 3-month follow-up. All patients had become grade A at 6 months. None of the patients had brachial plexus or peripheral vascular injuries. CONCLUSION Arthroscopy-assisted reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament by Endobutton fixation is a safe, easy method for treating AC joint dislocation. It provides reliable fixation, causes little trauma, and has a fast recovery.
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