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Tang X, Cao C, Liang Y, Han L, Tu B, Yu M, Wan M. Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes Antagonize the Inhibitory Effect of Dihydrotestosterone on Hair Follicle Growth by Activating Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:5548112. [PMID: 37810630 PMCID: PMC10551537 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5548112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent type of alopecia is androgenetic alopecia (AGA), which has a high prevalence but no effective treatment. Elevated dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level in the balding area was usually thought to be critical in the pathophysiology of AGA. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in promoting hair follicle development and sustaining the hair follicle cycle. Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine due to the advantages of being cell free and immune privileged. Still, few studies have reported the therapeutic effect on hair disorders. As a result, we sought to understand how ADSC-Exos affected hair growth and explore the possibility that ADSC-Exos could counteract the hair-growth-inhibiting effects of DHT. This research using human hair follicle organs, in vitro dermal papilla cells, and in vivo animal models showed that ADSC-Exos not only encouraged healthy hair growth but also counteracted the inhibitory effects of DHT on hair growth. Additionally, we discovered that ADSC-Exos increased Ser9 phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β levels and facilitated nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which may have been blocked by the specific Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor dickkopf-related protein 1. Our findings suggested that ADSC-Exos are essential for hair regeneration, which is anticipated to open up new therapeutic possibilities for clinical alopecia, particularly for the treatment of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuixiang Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Han
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
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Wu C, Qin C, Fu X, Huang X, Tian K. Integrated analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs by RNA-Seq in secondary hair follicle development and cycling (anagen, catagen and telogen) of Jiangnan cashmere goat (Capra hircus). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:167. [PMID: 35524260 PMCID: PMC9074311 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the world's finest natural fiber composites is derived from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats yield one of the world's best natural fibres. Their development and cycling are characterized by photoperiodism with diverse, well-orchestrated stimulatory and inhibitory signals. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs play important roles in hair follicle (HF) development. However, not many studies have explored their specific functions in cashmere development and cycling. This study detected mRNAs and lncRNAs with their candidate genes and related pathways in SHF development and cycling of cashmere goat. We utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis on lncRNA and mRNA expressions in goat hair follicles to discover candidate genes and metabolic pathways that could affect development and cycling (anagen, catagen, and telogen). RESULTS We identified 228 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 256 DE lncRNA. For mRNAs, catagen and anagen had 16 upregulated and 35 downregulated DEGs, catagen and telogen had 18 upregulated and 9 downregulated DEGs and telogen and anagen had 52 upregulated and 98 downregulated DEGs. LncRNA witnessed 22 upregulated and 39 downregulated DEGs for catagen and anagen, 36 upregulated and 29 downregulated DEGs for catagen and telogen as well as 66 upregulated and 97 downregulated DEGs for telogen and anagen. Several key genes, including MSTRG.5451.2, MSTRG.45465.3, MSTRG.11609.2, CHST1, SH3BP4, CDKN1A, GAREM1, GSK-3β, DEFB103A KRTAP9-2, YAP1, S100A7A, FA2H, LOC102190037, LOC102179090, LOC102173866, KRT2, KRT39, FAM167A, FAT4 and EGFL6 were shown to be potentially important in hair follicle development and cycling. They were related to, WNT/β-catenin, mTORC1, ERK/MAPK, Hedgehog, TGFβ, NFkB/p38MAPK, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1a signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This work adds to existing understanding of the regulation of HF development and cycling in cashmere goats via lncRNAs and mRNAs. It also serves as theoretical foundation for future SHF research in cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool sheep & Cashmere-goat, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Chongkai Qin
- Xinjiang Aksu Prefecture Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool sheep & Cashmere-goat, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xixia Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China. .,Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool sheep & Cashmere-goat, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes the growth of mink hair follicle via PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019; 229:210-218. [PMID: 31102746 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hair follicles play a critical role in the process of hair growth. The dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are an important component in the hair follicle regeneration and growth. This study investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on the growth of cultured mink hair follicles and DPCs. MAIN METHODS The mink hair follicles were treated with ginsenoside Rb1 for 9 days and their lengths were measured every three days. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of vascularization endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and TGF-β1. In addition, the levels of proteins were detected by western blot. Cell proliferation was determined by immunofluorescence staining of proliferation marker Ki-67 and cell cycle analysis was performed on flow cytometry. Moreover, cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay. KEY FINDINGS Ginsenoside Rb1 promoted the growth of hair follicles, and proliferation and migration of DPCs. Ginsenoside Rb1 improved the expression levels of VEGFA and VEGF-R2, while attenuated the TGF-β1 expression both in hair follicles and DPCs. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rb1 facilitated the activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in hair follicles and DPCs. SIGNIFICANCE The results reveals a crucial role of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in ginsenoside Rb1-induced growth of hair follicles and DPCs.
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Qin C, Li S, Yan Q, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhou P, Lu M, Zhu F. Elevation of Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β is required for HERV-W env-mediated BDNF signaling in human U251 cells. Neurosci Lett 2016; 627:84-91. [PMID: 27235578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus W family (HERV-W) envelope (env) is known to be associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. Previous studies showed that overexpression of HERV-W env could induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression. In human and rat cells, BDNF-mediated signal transduction might be modulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Both BDNF and GSK3β are schizophrenia-related genes. In this paper, we investigated whether GSK3β was involved in the HERV-W env-induced expression of BDNF. We found that HERV-W env increased phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 (p-GSK3β (Ser9)) and the ratio of p-GSK3β (Ser9) to total GSK3β (p<0.05) in U251 cells. Overexpression of HERV-W env led to a 36.2% reduction in GSK3β activity compared to control (p<0.05). The levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and TSC2 mRNAs were upregulated (p<0.05). These data suggested that overexpression of HERV-W env might activate the GSK3β signaling pathway in U251 cells. Further, knockdown of GSK3β reduced the expression of total GSK3β, p-GSK3β (Ser9), and the ratio of p-GSK3β (Ser9) to total GSK3β by 28.6%, 50.4%, and 30.2%, respectively (p<0.05). Levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and TSC2 mRNAs were also reduced (p<0.05). Interestingly, GSK3β activity increased (p<0.05). Knockdown of GSK3β also decreased mRNA and protein expression of BDNF by 49.9% and 48.5% respectively (p<0.05). These results indicated that phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 might be involved in HERV-W env-induced BDNF expression, and will hopefully improve our understanding of the role of HERV-W env in neurological and psychiatric diseases (schizophrenia, etc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Qin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Qiujin Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yatang Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, PR China.
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Plucked human hair shafts and biomolecular medical research. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:620531. [PMID: 24302865 PMCID: PMC3835906 DOI: 10.1155/2013/620531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle is a skin integument at the boundary between an organism and its immediate environment. The biological role of the human hair follicle has lost some of its ancestral importance. However, an indepth investigation of this miniorgan reveals hidden complexity with huge research potential. An essential consideration when dealing with human research is the awareness of potential harm and thus the absolute need not to harm—a rule aptly qualified by the Latin term “primum non nocere” (first do no harm). The plucked hair shaft offers such advantages. The use of stem cells found in hair follicles cells is gaining momentum in the field of regenerative medicine. Furthermore, current diagnostic and clinical applications of plucked hair follicles include their use as autologous and/or three-dimensional epidermal equivalents, together with their utilization as surrogate tissue in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies. Consequently, the use of noninvasive diagnostic procedures on hair follicle shafts, posing as a surrogate molecular model for internal organs in the individual patient for a spectrum of human disease conditions, can possibly become a reality in the near future.
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Hsu MJ, Hung SL. Antiherpetic potential of 6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime (BIO-acetoxime) in human oral epithelial cells. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1287-96. [PMID: 23392633 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) functions in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, in the cell cycle, and in immune responses and is targeted by some viruses to favor the viral life cycle. Inhibition of GSK-3 by 6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime (BIO-acetoxime), a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection. In this study, we examined the effects of BIO-acetoxime against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in human oral epithelial cells, which represent a natural target cell type. The results revealed that BIO-acetoxime relieves HSV-1-induced cytopathic effects and apoptosis. We also found that BIO-acetoxime reduced viral yields and the expression of different classes of viral proteins. Furthermore, addition of BIO-acetoxime before, simultaneously with or after HSV-1 infection significantly reduced viral yields. Collectively, BIO-acetoxime may suppress viral gene expression and protect oral epithelial cells from HSV-1 infection. These results suggest the possible involvement of GSK-3 in HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ju Hsu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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Mah N, Wang Y, Liao MC, Prigione A, Jozefczuk J, Lichtner B, Wolfrum K, Haltmeier M, Flöttmann M, Schaefer M, Hahn A, Mrowka R, Klipp E, Andrade-Navarro MA, Adjaye J. Molecular insights into reprogramming-initiation events mediated by the OSKM gene regulatory network. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24351. [PMID: 21909390 PMCID: PMC3164204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells by over-expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC (OSKM). With the aim of unveiling the early mechanisms underlying the induction of pluripotency, we have analyzed transcriptional profiles at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-transduction of OSKM into human foreskin fibroblasts. Experiments confirmed that upon viral transduction, the immediate response is innate immunity, which induces free radical generation, oxidative DNA damage, p53 activation, senescence, and apoptosis, ultimately leading to a reduction in the reprogramming efficiency. Conversely, nucleofection of OSKM plasmids does not elicit the same cellular stress, suggesting viral response as an early reprogramming roadblock. Additional initiation events include the activation of surface markers associated with pluripotency and the suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, reconstruction of an OSKM interaction network highlights intermediate path nodes as candidates for improvement intervention. Overall, the results suggest three strategies to improve reprogramming efficiency employing: 1) anti-inflammatory modulation of innate immune response, 2) pre-selection of cells expressing pluripotency-associated surface antigens, 3) activation of specific interaction paths that amplify the pluripotency signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Mah
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mei-Chih Liao
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
| | - Justyna Jozefczuk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Lichtner
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolfrum
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Max Flöttmann
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schaefer
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Mrowka
- Experimental Nephrology, Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Edda Klipp
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Dresden, Germany
- The Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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