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Lin C, Tu P, Parker T, Mella-Velazquez A, Bier B, Braund WE. The Influences of SES on Patient Choice of Doctor: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00210-1. [PMID: 38906427 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As patients become increasingly involved in healthcare decision-making, it is important to examine the drivers behind patient choice of doctor (PCOD); the initial decision can have lasting impacts on patients' trust in providers and health outcomes. However, limited studies have explored PCOD relative to socioeconomic status (SES) or health disparity. This review identified similar preferences and varied decision criteria in PCOD across SES groups. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and relevant cross-references were searched for articles published between January 2007-September 2022. Papers were screened using Covidence. Included studies examined PCOD by income and/or educational levels. Analysis was performed in 2022-2023. RESULTS From 4,449 search results, 29 articles were selected (16 countries, 14 medical specialties, total of 32,651 participants). Individuals of higher SES ranked physician characteristics (e.g., qualifications, empathy) or performance more important than cost or convenience. Individuals of lower SES often had to prioritize logistical factors (e.g., insurance coverage, distance) due to resource constraints and gaps in knowledge or awareness about options. Despite differing healthcare systems, such divergence in PCOD were relatively consistent across countries. Some patients, especially females and disadvantaged groups, favored gender-concordant physicians for intimate medical matters (e.g., gynecologist); this partiality was not limited to conservative cultures. Few researchers investigated the outcomes of PCOD and indicated that lower-SES populations inadvertently chose, experienced, or perceived lower quality of care. DISCUSSION Patients' decision criteria varied by SES, even under national systems intended for universal access, indicating the impacts of social determinants and structural inequities. Health education supporting patient decision-making and research on how SES affects PCOD and outcomes could help reduce health disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lin
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pikuei Tu
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Taylor Parker
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Brooke Bier
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wendy E Braund
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
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Brandão GR, Bueno Motter S, Iaroseski J, Oliveira Trindade B, Mozzaquatro de Assis Brasil C, Severino Rodrigues G, de Andrade R, Bouzeid Estacia da Silveira I, Deborah de Moraes A, Paz de Paiva M. Women in Surgical Residency Programs in Brazil: A Trend Analysis. J Surg Res 2024; 293:22-27. [PMID: 37690383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a gender gap in the surgical field worldwide. Brazil and low- and middle-income countries generally tend to have a more profound gap. Therefore, we aim to assess the gender distribution in Brazilian surgical residencies. METHODS From a national residencies' database, we collected residency entering years, names, and surgical subspecialties. We classified gender from the names using Gender API software and performed linear regression, binomial, and chi-square tests. RESULTS From 81,979 doctors (1931-2020), 36.6% were women (P < 0.001). Of 13 subspecialties, regarding the absolute numbers of women, only neurosurgery and plastic surgery did not significantly differ between gender per year. There was a statistically significant growth in the proportional rates of female representation among most of the surgical residencies analyzed. Overall, the least women's representation was in urology (3.8%). From all subspecialties analyzed, both genders had a significant linear absolute increase over the years (P < 0.05), except for obstetrics-gynecology and pediatric surgery for men. Until 1990, all surgical programs had at least one woman resident, except for colorectal surgery. CONCLUSIONS Although there is an overall lack of women surgeons in Brazil, we observed an increase in women in surgical residencies. Therefore, the study may demonstrate a future change in the Brazilian gender equity scenario and reflect the growing representation of women in medicine in Brazil, except for some surgical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R Brandão
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Bueno Motter
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia Iaroseski
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Oliveira Trindade
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Candida Mozzaquatro de Assis Brasil
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Severino Rodrigues
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Andrade
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Izadora Bouzeid Estacia da Silveira
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Deborah de Moraes
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sonnenfeld MM, Nozaki AM, Genova ASD, Ristow JRW, Moura TFD, Cabral RP, Garcia JVA, Guimarães CA, Oliveira ALMLD, Francisco RPV. A Study of the Current Scenario of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency during the COVID-19 Pandemic. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2023; 45:e377-e383. [PMID: 37595594 PMCID: PMC10438960 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the residency of gynecology and obstetrics in São Paulo. METHODS Cross-sectional study developed by representatives of residents of the Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the State of São Paulo (SOGESP, in the Portuguese acronym). Data were collected from questionnaires applied to gynecology and obstetrics residents registered on the SOGESP website in February 2022. The interviewees answered about the repercussions of the pandemic on medical residency and whether they had technical and psychological support during the period. RESULTS A total of 247 questionnaires were collected from residents of gynecology and obstetrics. The residents had an age of 28.3 ± 3 years old, and most of them were female (88.4%). The displacement to COVID care was reported by 62.34% of the students, but only 35.6% reported completely adequate personal protective equipment and only 7.7% reported complete theoretical and technical instruction to support these patients. Almost all of the interviewees stated that the gynecology sector was the most affected. The majority of the interviewees considered that the second-year residents had the greatest loss, and more than half of the residents in the 1st and 2nd year said they wished to give up their residency during the pandemic. More than 80% of the residents reported online theoretical classes and/or presentation of articles, reinforcing the fact that virtual activities gained a greater space within the medical residency. CONCLUSION The pandemic impacted the residency in greater proportion in outpatient clinics and gynecological surgeries, also interfering with the physician's desire to continue with the program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anelise Silva de Genova
- Associação Lar São Francisco de Assis na Providência de Deus, Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Carroll L, O’ Sullivan C, Doody C, Perrotta C, Fullen B. Pelvic organ prolapse: The lived experience. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276788. [PMID: 36322592 PMCID: PMC9629641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 50% of women will develop pelvic organ prolapse (POP) over their lifetime. Symptoms include pain, bulge, urinary, bowel and sexual symptoms affecting all aspects of a woman's life. This study explores the lived experience of women with POP. METHODOLOGY A qualitative study was undertaken. Following institutional ethical approval women from an online peer support group (n = 930 members) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Inclusion criteria stipulated women (> 18years), pre-menopausal, at least one-year post-partum, diagnosed with POP and aware of their diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a clinician specialising in pelvic health. A battery of questions was designed to elicit discussion on their experience of being diagnosed with POP and its impact on daily life and relationships. Interviews were carried out via Zoom, recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was undertaken. FINDINGS Fourteen women (32-41 years), para 1-3 participated. All had at least one vaginal birth; three had vacuum, four had forceps operative births. All had Grade 1-3 POP. Interviews lasted 40-100 minutes. Three core themes with subthemes were identified; biological/physical, psychological and social. Women were particularly affected in terms of sport and exercise participation, their own perceptions of their ability as mothers and fear of their condition worsening. They described societal attitudes, reporting stigma around POP and women's pelvic health in general, expectations placed on women to put up with their symptoms and an idealised perception of new motherhood. CONCLUSIONS The impact of POP from a biopsychosocial perspective reflects other chronic conditions. Prevention, early education and supports for developing strong self-management approaches would be beneficial for long term management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Carroll
- University College Dublin School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin Centre for Translational Pain Research, Dublin, Ireland
- Tipperary University Hospital, Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Cliona O’ Sullivan
- University College Dublin School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Doody
- University College Dublin School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin Centre for Translational Pain Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carla Perrotta
- University College Dublin School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brona Fullen
- University College Dublin School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin Centre for Translational Pain Research, Dublin, Ireland
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Lin PL, Huang JP, Fujii T, Cho EH, Huang MC. A survey of specialty choice among obstetrics and gynecology residents in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:1968-1977. [PMID: 35474372 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The percentage of medicine graduates opting for residency in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) has been decreasing in developed countries, including in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. This multicountry study surveyed the OB/GYN residents affiliated with the Taiwan Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology (TAOG), the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG), and the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (KSOG) to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of pursing OB/GYN. METHODS A 17-item questionnaire surveying the factors influencing the choice of pursuing a major medical specialty was translated into Japanese, Korean, and Chinese and administered to postgraduate OB/GYN residents between July 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Data on the participants' sex, age, and level of residency were collected. Responses were compared between countries and sexes. RESULTS Residents of all three countries chose OB/GYN based on personal interest, and a sense of accomplishment in saving people's life. Other positive factors include improved quality of life; higher salaries; and more opportunity for new techniques, research, and promotion. The negative factors included medical litigations, longer work hours, and unsafe working environments. Korean residents had lower ratings in several items, including "support from family," "safety of working environment," and "effectiveness of the alternative dispute resolution system," which, unlike Japan and Taiwan, is not a no-fault compensation system for childbirth accidents. CONCLUSIONS The study findings can guide strategy making, such as decreasing workload and yet maintain training quality, to increase the number of medical students pursuing OB/GYN residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Lun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eun H Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ming-Chao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HsinChu MacKay Memorial Hospital, HsinChu, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Subki AH, Agabawi AK, Hindi MM, Butt NS, Alsallum MS, Alghamdi RA, Subki SH, Alsallum F, Alharbi AA, Lodhi YI, Alandijani S, Al-Zaben F, Koenig HG, Oraif AM. How Relevant is Obstetrician and Gynecologist Gender to Women in Saudi Arabia? Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:919-927. [PMID: 34703321 PMCID: PMC8523902 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s284321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The patient–doctor relationship is one of the most important factors in determining the outcome of healthcare. The first step in establishing this relationship is choosing a physician. This study sought to identify patient preferences concerning the gender of their obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) physician and the effect of religion and society on these choices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the OB-GYN outpatient clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah between February 2017 and June 2017. A total of 227 female patients were recruited. Eligible were women ages 18 years or older who had attended the clinic at least three times. A 30-item questionnaire was administered. Results Significantly, more female doctors were preferred for pelvic examination in lower income group (p=0.003), while male doctors were preferred for surgery (p=0.010) in higher income group. Significantly more male doctors were preferred for pelvic examination and gynecological surgery in >35-year age group (p=0.015 and p=0.017, respectively). With regard to predictors, embarrassment was the most significant factor reported for not choosing a male obstetrician/gynecologist (OB-GYN) in the younger age group. Nearly three-quarters (71.2%) of respondents with age ≤35 reported embarrassment as a factor for not choosing a male OB-GYN; 79.7% of this subgroup indicated that female doctors were more knowledgeable about women’s health issues. Conclusion Participants expressed a strong preference for female providers overall, although some women preferred male providers during certain circumstances (gynecologic surgery). Despite these gender preferences, more important to women in their choice of OB-GYN provider was the doctor’s experience, qualifications, and reputation. Such trends are consistent with those culturally similar countries and in line with trends worldwide. These findings have the potential to significantly impact the personal health for women in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East where religious and cultural traditions are so important in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hussein Subki
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhab Mohammed Hindi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rawan Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siham Hussein Subki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsallum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sultan Alandijani
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Al-Zaben
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ayman M Oraif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tsai CH, Hsieh CH, Huang JP, Lin PL, Kuo TC, Huang MC. A survey of career-decision factors for obstetrics and gynecology residents in Taiwan. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:628-633. [PMID: 34247799 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The recruitment of obstetrics and gynecology residents has been challenging in Taiwan since 2000. There are a lots factors influencing applying, including career interest and prospects, lifestyle, salary, litigation, stress level, time demands of specialty work and gender consideration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the career choice of current OB/GYN residents and identify the important factors influencing recruitment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire of career-decision factors was sent to all 280 residents during December, 2019. Total 16 factors were rated on a 5-point Likert and were ranking by their average score on the scale. Gender of residents was analyzed for their association with the scores by a two-sample test and two-tailed t test. RESULTS 91 (32.5%) residents responded and 61 were female and 30 were male. The top influencing factor was being interested in clinical expertise with an average score of 4.32. The second factor was having a great sense of accomplishment in saving people with an average score of 3.82, followed by it being easier to become a medical practitioner at 3.77. The lowest scoring factor was fewer hours of work, with an average score of 1.77 and a safer working environment with a score of 2.33 was the second lowest factor. Female residents agreed that it was easier to get specialist certification with a score of 3.0. This score was significantly higher than male doctors at 2.63 with p value of 0.017. CONCLUSION Career interest and prospects were key influencing factors for applying OB/GYN residents. Minimizing the influence of detracting factors like heavy workload and medical litigation was also effective. Enrolling new residents is key to maintaining adequate staffing in specialties in healthcare. Establishing a safer work environment and determining the optimal workload will be the next reforms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Han Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HsinChu MacKay Memorial Hospital, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Lun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HsinChu MacKay Memorial Hospital, HsinChu, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Riaz B, Sherwani NZF, Inam SHA, Rafiq MY, Tanveer S, Arif A, Abdullah M, Jamil H. Physician Gender Preference Amongst Females Attending Obstetrics/Gynecology Clinics. Cureus 2021; 13:e15028. [PMID: 34136321 PMCID: PMC8199845 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of our study was to explore the views and perceptions of female patients attending the obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) outpatient department towards the gender of their healthcare provider, to look for any preference that might exist in this regard, and to highlight any discrimination towards male obstetricians/gynecologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore. A total of 280 female patients were included in the study and interviewed consecutively. A self-designed questionnaire was administered. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Chi-square test was used to determine for any statistical significance and p≤0.05 was considered significant. Numerical data were represented as percentages. RESULTS Over 280 female patients participated in our study, out of which 132 were married and 148 were single. Thirteen of these patients were uneducated, 40 had completed high school and 227 patients had obtained a bachelor's level of education; 120 patients were aged 15-25 years, 95 patients were aged 26-35 years, 30 patients were aged 36-45 years, and 35 patients were aged >46. Women with less education preferred to be seen by a female obstetrician/gynecologist, whereas those with higher education were less biased (p=0.0001). Married patients preferred to be seen by female obstetrician/gynecologists as compared to single patients (p=0.0004). A significant proportion of females were impartial in terms of physician competence but those who did have a preference preferred female obstetrician/gynecologist based on three significant variables: competence, rapport building and empathy, and personal comfort. CONCLUSION A female gender preference exists in obstetrics and gynecology clinic attendees. This is significant in those who are married and those with no formal education. Overall, a significant proportion of women feel a higher comfort level with female doctors and find it easier to discuss their medical issues and develop rapport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismah Riaz
- Internal Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Saman Tanveer
- Internal Medicine, Army Medical College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Anum Arif
- Vascular Surgery, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Hamza Jamil
- Internal Medicine, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, PAK
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Findlay RJ, Macrae EHR, Whyte IY, Easton C, Forrest Née Whyte LJ. How the menstrual cycle and menstruation affect sporting performance: experiences and perceptions of elite female rugby players. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1108-1113. [PMID: 32349965 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore athletes' past and current experiences and perceptions of the menstrual cycle in relation to its impact on sporting performance. METHODS 15 international female rugby players participated in individual semi-structured interviews (age: 24.5±6.2 years). All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, resulting in 37 376 words of text for descriptive and thematic analysis. Inter-rater reliability checks resulted in a concordance of agreement of 83%. RESULTS Almost all athletes (93%) reported menstrual cycle-related symptoms. Thirty-three per cent perceived heavy menstrual bleeding and 67% considered these symptoms impaired their performances. Two-thirds of athletes self-medicated to alleviate symptoms. Thematic analysis generated 262 meaning units, 38 themes, 10 categories and 4 general dimensions. The four general dimensions were: (1) symptoms: physiological and psychological menstrual cycle-related symptoms such as dysmenorrhoea, flooding, reduced energy levels, worry, distraction, fluctuating emotions and reduced motivation; (2) impact: perceived impact of menstruation on different aspects of daily lives and performance including negative and neutral responses; (3) resolution: the methods/approaches in dealing with menstruation-related concerns including accepting, or adapting and managing symptoms with self-medication or expert treatment; (4) support: available support and comfortability in discussing menstrual cycle-related issues. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first in-depth insight into athlete's experiences of the menstrual cycle and perceived impact on training and competition. It highlights individual responses to menstrual 'issues' and emphasises the need for clinicians and support staff to undertake menstrual cycle profiling, monitoring and continue to develop awareness, openness, knowledge and understanding of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka J Findlay
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Eilidh H R Macrae
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Ian Y Whyte
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Chris Easton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
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Setoodefar M, Tabesh H, Tara F, Eslami S, Heshmati Nabavi F, Valizadeh Zare N, Taheri SH, Rajabzadeh Moghaddam MR, Etminani K. Measurement Model of Women's Preferences in Obstetrician and Gynecologist Selection in the Private Sector: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2020; 8:150-163. [PMID: 32309456 PMCID: PMC7153421 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.82278.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a measurement model of women’s preferences in Obstetrician
and Gynecologist (OB/GYN) selection in the private sector of non-clinical parameters. Methods: This methodological study included 462 respondents in OB/GYN’s offices to a researcher-made questionnaire.
The patients visited 57 offices of OB/GYNs in the city of Mashhad in Iran and completed women’s preferences in OB/GYN selection
questionnaire over a 2-month period from January to February 2018. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to verify the
instrument’s construct validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test whether the data fit our hypothesized model obtained from EFA model. Results: The first draft of the questionnaire was prepared with 118 items based on literature review. The outcome of content validity
assessment was a 51-item questionnaire. Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI) turned out to be 0.80. The results of EFA yielded
an instrument with 33 items in six domains, which explained 52.657% of the total variance of the questionnaire. With performing
CFA, the 6-factor model with 29 items demonstrated a good fit with the data (CFI=0.952, CMIN/DF=1.613, RMSEA=0.036).
Availability and Accessibility, Communicational Skills, Office Environment, Recommendation by Others, Special Services,
and Cost and Insurance were found to define the women’s preferences in OB/GYN selection in private sector, Iran. Conclusion: The developed measurement model considers the patient’s preferences that influence decision-making process on OB/GYN selection.
It can provide useful knowledge for OB/GYNs and policymakers to design appropriate and efficient marketing strategies according to the consumer preferences priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Setoodefar
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Tabesh
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tara
- Patient Safety Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Eslami
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heshmati Nabavi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Valizadeh Zare
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hassan Taheri
- Department of Computer Sciences, School of Engineering, Khayyam University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Kobra Etminani
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Turrentine M, Ramirez M, Stark L, Snead C, Schulkin J. Role of Physician Gender in the Modern Practice of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Do Obstetrician-Gynecologists Perceive Discrimination from their Sex? South Med J 2019; 112:566-570. [DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Altered patient perceptions and preferences regarding male and female gynecologists: a comparison between 1997 and 2018. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1331-1341. [PMID: 31583460 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to explore changes in patient preference regarding gynecologist's gender. METHODS Using a standardized questionnaire, distributed in 1997 and 2018, a total of 1000 women were interviewed about preferences in terms of their choice of gynecologist and perceptions regarding gender-dependency of gynecologist's qualifications, strengths and weaknesses. Data was correlated with sociodemographics and possible influencing factors. RESULTS Based on their own experience, an increasing majority did not express a preference for their gynecologist's gender (58-71%). However, the minority that still favors one gender demonstrated a significant decrease in preference of male gynecologists (14-5%), while about a quarter still generally prefer treatment by female physicians. Sub-analyses of emotional and technical treatment aspects generally confirm these trends in that more of today's patients are indifferent to their gynecologist's sex and that the remaining minority shifts towards favoring female doctors. If asked to definitely choose between female and male physicians based solely on the aspect of trust a significant change can be noted (69-30%) in favor of female doctors in 2018 as opposed to 1997 when patients were split in this regard (52%/48%). Overall bad personal experience regarding gynecological treatment has significantly decreased (36% reduction). CONCLUSION Over the last decades, patient preference and perception of the importance of their gynecologist's gender has changed. While an increasing majority attributes equal competence in emotional, professional and interpersonal aspects to both genders, the remaining proportion of patients demonstrates a significant shift towards favoring female doctors.
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Lambert TW, Smith F, Goldacre MJ. Career choices for obstetrics and gynaecology: recent updates from 40 years of national surveys of UK medical graduates. JRSM Open 2019; 10:2054270419861611. [PMID: 31620304 PMCID: PMC6775562 DOI: 10.1177/2054270419861611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report doctors' early career choices for obstetrics and gynaecology, their eventual career destinations and factors influencing their career pathways. Design Multi-cohort multi-purpose national questionnaire surveys of medical graduates in selected graduation years between 1974 and 2015. Setting UK. Participants UK-trained medical graduates. Main outcome measures Career specialty choices; certainty about specialty choice; factors which influenced doctors' career choices; career specialty destinations 10 years after graduation. Results Obstetrics and Gynaecology was the first choice of career for 5.7% of post-2002 graduates in year 1, 4.3% in year 3 and 3.8% in year 5. A much higher percentage of women than men specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as their first choice: in year 1, 7.7% of women and 2.3% of men did so. The gender gap has widened since the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years, of those who specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as their first choice in year 1 after graduation, 48% were working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 10 (63% of men, 45% of women). Looking backwards from career destinations, 85% of doctors working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 10 had specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as a first, second or third choice of preferred career in year 1. Conclusions Interest in Obstetrics and Gynaecology among UK graduates appears to be exceeding the demand for new specialists. Policy needs to address risks of over-production of trainees and ensure that some graduates interested in Obstetrics and Gynaecology consider alternative careers. The large gender imbalance should encourage consideration of the reasons for men choosing Obstetrics and Gynaecology in falling numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Lambert
- UK Medical Careers Research Group, Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Fay Smith
- UK Medical Careers Research Group, Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael J Goldacre
- UK Medical Careers Research Group, Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
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Gender of Provider-Barrier to Immigrant Women's Obstetrical Care: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019. [PMID: 28625284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the preference for female obstetrician/gynaecologists among immigrant women, and providers' understandings of these preferences, to identify challenges and potential solutions. METHODS Five databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and Scopus) were searched using combinations of search terms related to immigrant, refugee, or Muslim women and obstetrics or gynaecological provider gender preference. STUDY SELECTION Peer reviewed, English-language articles were included if they discussed either patient or provider perspectives of women's preference for female obstetrics or gynaecological care provider among immigrant women in Western and non-western settings. After screening, 54 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were divided first into those specifically focusing on gender of provider, and those in which it was one variable addressed. Each category was then divided into those describing immigrant women, and those conducted in a non-Western settings. The research question, study population, methods, results, and reasons given for preferences in each article were then examined and recorded. CONCLUSION Preference for female obstetricians/gynaecologists was demonstrated. Although many will accept a male provider, psychological stress, delays, or avoidance in seeking care may result. Providers' views were captured in only eight articles, with conflicting perspectives on responding to preferences and the health system impact.
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Delvigne A, Becu L, van Wiemeersch J, Bossens M, Vandromme J. More women gynecologists in Belgium: assessment of changes in the workforce—a survey. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:1139-1148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Urology is a Sensitive Area: Assessing Patient Preferences for Male or Female Urologists. UROLOGY PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urpr.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Aubrey C, Mumtaz Z, Patterson P, Chari R, Mitchell BFP. Perspectives of Immigrant Women on the Gender of Provider During Childbirth. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2017; 40:677-683. [PMID: 29274934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to gain an understanding of the importance and effect of provider gender for immigrant women accessing obstetrical care. METHODS A focused ethnography was conducted using purposive sampling of 38 immigrant women from one hospital in Edmonton, Alberta. Data collection consisted of semistructured interviews conducted antenatally (n = 38); an attempt was made to conduct interviews postpartum (n = 21), and intrapartum observations were made (n = 17). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed using qualitative data analysis software and analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS Study participants came from varied educational and ethnic backgrounds (predominately North/East African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian), but most were Muslim (n = 30) and married (n = 36), with a mean age of 27.7. All of the women stated that they preferred a female provider, which they explained in terms of the high value they placed on modesty, often as part of the Muslim faith. The women deemed provider competency and having safe childbirth more important, however, and said that they would accept intrapartum care from a male provider. A small minority of the women reported experiencing psychological stress as a consequence of having received care from a male provider. CONCLUSION As a whole, our study population accepted care from male providers, yet for some women this compromise came at a price, and a small minority of women perceived it as profoundly detrimental. There is a need to identify those women for whom gender of provider is a substantial barrier, so that optimal support can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Aubrey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Zubia Mumtaz
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
| | | | - Radha Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - B F Peter Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate obstetricians' perspectives of the importance, effect, and challenges of providing intrapartum care to immigrant women who request a female obstetrician. METHODS A focused ethnography was conducted at a large teaching hospital, which serves a high proportion of immigrant clientele (predominantly North or East African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian) in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Data collection comprised single, semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 20 obstetric health care providers (10 resident and 10 staff obstetricians). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed with Quirkos and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 13 female and seven male physicians were interviewed. Physicians recognized the validity of immigrant women's preference and requests for female health care providers and expressed sympathy for them. However, they were also resistant and expressed several concerns about accommodating these requests, including fear of perpetuating and exacerbating gender inequalities in medicine, the extent to which patient decision-making was coercion-free, the ability of the health system to meet the demands, and implications for training and quality of care. CONCLUSION Although physicians were sympathetic to immigrant women's requests for female obstetricians, they placed greater value on maintaining gender equity both within the medical profession and in wider society and resisted accommodating gender-of-health-care-provider requests. Our qualitative study suggests a need for greater research to inform policy that meets the professional and personal values of both physicians and patients.
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Amir H, Beri A, Yechiely R, Amir Levy Y, Shimonov M, Groutz A. Do Urology Male Patients Prefer Same-Gender Urologist? Am J Mens Health 2016; 12:1379-1383. [PMID: 27222116 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316650886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several studies on patients' preference for same-gender physicians, especially female preference for same-gender gynecologists. Data regarding the preferences of urology patients, of whom the majority are males, are scarce. The objective of this study is to assess provider gender preference among urology patients. One hundred and nineteen consecutive men (mean age 57.6 years) who attended a urology clinic in one university-affiliated medical center were prospectively enrolled. A self-accomplished 26-item anonymous questionnaire was used to assess patients' preferences in selecting their urologist. Of the 119 patients, 51 (42.8%) preferred a male urologist. Patients exhibited more same-gender preference for physical examination (38.3%), or urological surgery (35.3%), than for consultation (24.4%). Most patients (97%) preferred a same-gender urologist because they felt less embarrassed. Four patient characteristics were identified to be significantly associated with preference for a male urologist: religious status, country of origin, marital status, and a prior management by a male urologist. Of these, religious status was the most predictive parameter for choosing a male urologist. The three most important factors that affected actual selection, however, were professional skills (84.6%), clinical experience (72.4%), and medical knowledge (61%), rather than physician gender per se. Many male patients express gender bias regarding their preference for urologist. However, professional skills of the clinician are considered to be more important factors when it comes to actually making a choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Amir
- 1 Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Beri
- 1 Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Yechiely
- 1 Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yifat Amir Levy
- 1 Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Asnat Groutz
- 1 Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Women in Free Clinics: An Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life for Prevention and Health Education. J Community Health 2016; 40:793-801. [PMID: 25708885 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gender influences on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important to improve women's health when considering diseases that afflict women specifically. The target population of this study was uninsured female free clinic patients who are low socio-economic status and lack access to healthcare resources. Free clinics provide free or reduced fee healthcare to individuals who lack access to primary care and are socio-economically disadvantaged. While approximately half of free clinic patients are women, there is a paucity of comprehensive health-related data for female free clinic patients. US born English, non-US born English, and Spanish speaking female free clinic patients completed a self-administered survey using a standardized women's HRQoL measure in Fall 2014 (N = 389). Female free clinic patients reported lower HRQoL on all aspects of women's health compared to the US baseline scores, and were less likely to utilize preventive care including: mammograms, Pap smear, and HPV vaccination compared to the US general population. Spanish speakers reported a higher percentage of having had mammography and Pap smear, and heard about HPV compared to the other two groups. US born English speakers reported lower levels of HRQoL in vasomotor symptoms and sleep symptoms, and the lowest percentage of breast health and Pap smear screenings compared to non-US born English and Spanish speakers. Non-US born English speakers reported higher preference for female physician compared to US born English speakers and Spanish speakers. Free clinic female patients need preventative interventions and educational opportunities to improve their overall HRQoL.
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Cantrell AB, Rothschild J, Durbin-Johnson B, Gonzalez R, Kurzrock EA. Surgical trends in the correction of female stress urinary incontinence in academic centers within the United States. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 36:394-398. [PMID: 26678562 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is a lack of data describing the current state of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) procedures in academic centers. Urologists, gynecologists, and urogynecologists perform these operations, but the relative volume each group accounts for is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of cases in academic centers between specialties and associated patient characteristics. METHODS A hospital consortium database was used to identify patients treated surgically for SUI between 2009 and 2014. Patient and surgeon variables were evaluated. Patient variables (age, region, insurance, race) and surgeon volume were analyzed. Sub-analysis was conducted to determine concomitant prolapse repairs. RESULTS Of the 50,315 stress urinary incontinence procedures performed, 22% were performed by urologists. Overall volume dropped 39% and mean surgeon volumes for all three groups decreased with time. Average median volume for urogynecologists (29/year) differed from both urologists (3/year) and non-urogynecologists (2/year). There was a significant difference in rate of concomitant prolapse repairs performed by urogynecologists (56%), gynecologists (54%), and urologists (26%). CONCLUSIONS These data portray the changing pattern of SUI procedure practice in academic centers. Academic urologists are performing less than 25% of SUI procedures, with an overall decline in number of procedures across all specialties. Urogynecologists and gynecologists are performing a significantly higher proportion of concomitant prolapse repairs. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:394-398, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Rothschild
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Rafael Gonzalez
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Eric A Kurzrock
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
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Amer-Alshiek J, Alshiek T, Amir Levy Y, Azem F, Amit A, Amir H. Israeli Druze women's sex preferences when choosing obstetricians and gynecologists. Isr J Health Policy Res 2015; 4:13. [PMID: 26034576 PMCID: PMC4450487 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-015-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consideration and better understanding of patients’ needs on the part of the healthcare system might help increase the number of people seeking necessary medical care. Many studies have been conducted on patients’ preferences in choosing their health care provider, but the majority of them were conducted in modern western societies, establishing a need to explore other populations. The present study was performed in the Israeli Druze community which is composed of a uniquely traditional and religious population. We assessed the sex preference of Israeli Druze women regarding obstetricians/gynecologists, and identify other features that affect their choice. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 196 Israeli Druze women who anonymously completed a 36-item questionnaire between January-July, 2011. Results Most (63.8%) of the responders preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists, while 74.5% had no sex preference for their family physicians. 68.6% of the religious women preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists as compared to 51.76% of those women who self-identified as secular. Most of the women (65%) preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists for intimate procedures, such as pelvic examination and pregnancy follow-up. The main reasons given were: feeling more comfortable with a female practitioner (69.7%), the belief that females are more gentle (56.6%), and being more embarrassed with male obstetricians/gynecologists (45.4%). Three factors were associated with the responders’ preferences for female obstetricians/gynecologists: their age and religious status, and the sex of their regular obstetricians/gynecologists. Women who preferred a female obstetrician/gynecologist assigned a lesser weight to the physician’s knowledge when choosing them. Older and religious women as well as those who attributed less weight to the physician’s professional knowledge were more likely to prefer a female obstetrician/gynecologist. Conclusions The majority of responders to our survey (Israeli Druze women), like those in other communities where religiousness and modesty are deeply rooted, prefer female obstetricians/gynecologists, with the overwhelming reasons given being feeling more comfortable and less embarrassed with females, and the notion that female obstetricians/gynecologists are more gentle during intimate procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonia Amer-Alshiek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sara Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
| | - Tahani Alshiek
- The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yifat Amir Levy
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel ; Departments of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Foad Azem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sara Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
| | - Ami Amit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sara Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
| | - Hadar Amir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sara Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel ; Departments of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
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Amir H, Gophen R, Amir Levy Y, Hasson J, Gordon D, Amit A, Azem F. Obstetricians and gynecologists: which characteristics do Israeli lesbians prefer? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 41:283-93. [PMID: 25227636 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore lesbians' preferences when choosing obstetricians/gynecologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 lesbian and 100 heterosexual women. A 40-item questionnaire assessed the correlation between a patient's sexual identity and her specific preferences for obstetricians/gynecologists. RESULTS The top five most important parameters for both groups in choosing obstetricians/gynecologists overlapped greatly. Four of those were experience, ability, knowledge and personality. Only one parameter differed: lesbians ranked 'sexually tolerant' as the third most important characteristic while heterosexuals ranked 'availability' as the fifth most important characteristic. Lesbians rated 'sexual tolerance' significantly higher than heterosexuals (P < 0.001). More lesbians (56%) preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists compared to heterosexuals (21%) (P < 0.001). When compared to heterosexuals, more lesbians preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists for intimate and non-intimate procedures (P < 0.001). But within the lesbian population, a higher percentage of subjects showed a preference for female obstetricians/gynecologists only for intimate procedures. Lesbians used the following to describe their preference for female obstetricians/gynecologists: feeling more comfortable; gentle; sympathetic; patient; more understanding of women's health; better physicians in general; and more sexually tolerant (P < 0.001 vs heterosexual). However, when we looked only at the lesbian population, the majority did not exhibit a preference for a female obstetrician/gynecologist for any of these reasons. The main reason given by the 56% of the lesbians who said they prefer female obstetricians/gynecologists was feeling more comfortable. CONCLUSION Overwhelmingly lesbians prefer sexually tolerant obstetricians/gynecologists regardless of their gender; however, only a small number of lesbian subjects in this study considered their obstetricians/gynecologists as displaying this characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Amir
- Sara Racine IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Chan ZCY, Chan VWS, Tse JKM. Therapeutic Relationship Between Male Nursing Students and Female Patients. Am J Mens Health 2013; 8:300-9. [PMID: 24262786 DOI: 10.1177/1557988313509833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores the therapeutic relationship between male nursing students and female patients, through the use of autobiography in a qualitative approach. For this study, 18 male nursing students enrolled in master's and bachelor's programs in Hong Kong were recruited. They were asked to make records in a diary and draw pictures of their therapeutic relationship with female patients from their clinical experiences and then participate in a focus group interview. Content analysis was carried out on the collected data. The essential factors influencing the development of a therapeutic relationship were found to be gender, symbolic meanings, and career features. Good experiences were also discussed. The results shed light on the experiences of male nursing students and how they make sense of their therapeutic relationship with female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera W S Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Judy K M Tse
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Janssen SM, Lagro-Janssen ALM. Physician's gender, communication style, patient preferences and patient satisfaction in gynecology and obstetrics: a systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2012; 89:221-6. [PMID: 22819711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review of studies published in the last 10 years about women seeking gynecological- or obstetrical care and physician's gender in relation to patient preferences, differences in communication style and patient satisfaction. METHODS Studies were identified by searching the online databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The search strategies 'gender'; 'obstetrics' and 'gynecology' were combined with 'communication'; 'physician-patient relations'; 'patient preference' and 'patient satisfaction'. RESULTS After screening title and abstract, evaluating full text and quality assessment, 9 articles were included in this review. Most patients preferred a female rather than a male gynecologist-obstetrician. This was partly explained by a more patient-centered communication style used by female gynecologists-obstetricians. Also experience and clinical competence were important factors in choosing a gynecologist-obstetrician. It was not clear whether patient's age or ethnicity influenced patients gender preference. Patient satisfaction increased when gynecologists-obstetricians used a patient-centered communication style. CONCLUSION Preference for a female gynecologist-obstetrician might be explained by a more patient-centered communication style used by female gynecologists-obstetricians. Using a patient-centered communication style increases patient satisfaction. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To increase patient satisfaction, gynecologists-obstetricians should learn to integrate patient-centered communication style into the consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M Janssen
- Department of Primary Care and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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