Prevalence and related factors of eating disorders in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A clinical trial protocol of a single-session self-guided acceptance-based online intervention targeting food cravings as predictors of disordered eating in pregnant people

BACKGROUND

Pregnancy is a time of heightened risk for disordered eating behaviors, which are linked to adverse health outcomes in gestation, delivery, and the postpartum. These adverse outcomes may be partially mediated by greater rates of deviation from recommended weight gain trajectories, especially in those who engage in binge and loss of control (LOC) eating. Food cravings are powerful and highly modifiable triggers of binge and LOC eating in non-pregnant populations with preliminary evidence linking cravings to disordered eating behaviors in pregnancy as well. Acceptance-based approaches have been shown to be feasible and effective in reducing the adverse impact of cravings on behavior.

PURPOSE

To test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a single-session, self-guided, acceptance-based online workshop targeting food cravings as predictors of binge and LOC eating in pregnancy.

METHODS

We will conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial of a single-session, self-guided online acceptance-based workshop targeting food cravings in pregnancy. Pregnant individuals in the second trimester (n ≥ 74) endorsing current food cravings will be randomly assigned to the intervention or an untreated control group. The intervention group will participate in a one-hour workshop that imparts skills grounded in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, including acceptance, defusion, and present-moment awareness. Both groups will complete comprehensive self-report assessments of primary outcomes and hypothesized mediators and moderators of intervention efficacy at baseline, one-month follow-up, and at full-term.

CONCLUSION

Results will inform integration of acceptance-based skills targeting food cravings into routine prenatal care to prevent adverse outcomes associated with disordered eating behaviors in pregnancy.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06129461; registered on November 10, 2023.

Ovarian Hormones and Binge Eating in Adulthood: Summary of Findings and Implications for Individual Differences in Risk in Women

Ovarian hormone influences on general food intake have been studied in animals for 60+ years. Yet, extensions of these data to key eating disorder symptoms in humans (e.g., binge eating (BE)) have only recently occurred. In this article, we summarize findings from studies examining the effects of ovarian hormones on BE. Findings suggest ovarian hormones contribute to BE in animals and humans, although studies are few in number, and effects are not present in all women or all animals exposed to high-risk hormonal milieus. Differences in susceptibility may be due to gene x hormone interactions that can explain why some, but not all, women/females develop BE in the presence of risky hormonal environments.