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Kang YJ, Park G, Park SY, Kim T, Kim E, Heo Y, Lee C, Jeong HS. Extra-Capsular Spread of Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral, Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Comparative Subsite Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:659. [PMID: 38339410 PMCID: PMC10854589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extra-capsular spread (ECS) of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a hallmark of aggressive primary tumor phenotype in head and neck cancer (HNC); however, the factors influencing ECS are poorly understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study, including 190 cases of oral tongue cancer (OTC), 148 cases of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) (118 HPV-positive and 30 HPV-negative), and 100 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). Tumor dimension, tumor biological variables (lymphovascular/perineural invasion and histologic grade), and LNM variables (LNM number and size) were analyzed according to the presence of ECS using multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. RESULTS LNM variables were significant factors for ECS in all subsites of HNC (p < 0.05), except HPV-positive OPC. In OTC, tumor dimensional variables were significantly related to ECS (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, in OPC and HPC, neither the primary tumor dimension nor the T status were significant factors for ECS occurrence. The predictability of ECS by ROC curve using multiple variables was 0.819 [95% confidence interval: 0.759-0.878] in OTC, 0.687 [0.559-0.815] in HPV-positive OPC, 0.823 [0.642-1.000] in HPV-negative OPC, and 0.907 [0.841-0.973] in HPC. CONCLUSION LNM variables were correlated with ECS occurrence for most HNC subsites, and site-dependent primary tumor characteristics might contribute differentially to the ECS development of LNM in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Jee Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Goeun Park
- Center for Biomedical Statistics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Yool Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Yujin Heo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Han-Sin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (S.Y.P.); (T.K.); (E.K.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
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Lymph node extracapsular extension as a marker of aggressive phenotype: Classification, prognosis and associated molecular biomarkers. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:721-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wang Z, Zeng Q, Li Y, Lu T, Liu C, Hu G. Extranodal Extension as an Independent Prognostic factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. J Cancer 2020; 11:7196-7201. [PMID: 33193882 PMCID: PMC7646176 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Lymph node metastasis with extranodal extension (ENE) is considered to be an important adverse prognostic factor for survival in patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of ENE in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Three hundred and fifty-five patients with LSCC who underwent surgical resection and neck dissection were included. The status of cervical lymph node was classified into three groups: pathological negative nodal (pN-), pathological positive nodal without ENE (ENE-), and pathological positive nodal with ENE (ENE+). A total of 85 of 355 (23.9%) LSCC were pathological nodal positive, and ENE was detected in 22/355 (6.2%) patients. ENE was associated with drinking (p=0.005), T stage (p=0.000), tumor location (p=0.000), and differentiation degree (p=0.000). The number of lymph node metastasis in ENE+ group was associated with almost twice compared to ENE- group (p=0.005). The 5-year overall survival rates for patients in the pN-, ENE-, and ENE+ groups were 86.4±2.6%, 75.9±6.3%, and 53.7±12.7%, respectively (p=0.000). After adjusting for confounding variables, ENE+ was associated with more than five times the hazard of death than pN- cases (p=0.000), and more than twice the hazard of death than ENE- cases (p=0.036). Compared to N2-3/ENE- cases, N2-3/ENE+ cases had the poorest survival rate (p=0.013). ENE+ was associated with worse outcomes compared to pN - or ENE- status. ENE is an independent prognostic factor in LSCC, and could be an indicator of the need for adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanshi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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A Genomic-Clinicopathologic Nomogram Predicts Survival for Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:5980567. [PMID: 31827637 PMCID: PMC6886334 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5980567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have little or no ability to encode proteins, have attracted special attention due to their potential role in cancer disease. We aimed to establish a lncRNA signature and a nomogram incorporating the genomic and clinicopathologic factors to improve the accuracy of survival prediction for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods A LSCC RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset and the matched clinicopathologic information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using univariable Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, we developed a thirteen-lncRNA signature related to prognosis. On the basis of multivariable Cox regression analysis results, a nomogram integrating the genomic and clinicopathologic predictors was built. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the inclusive nomogram were confirmed by calibration curve and a concordance index (C-index), and compared with the TNM staging system by C-index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to evaluate the clinical value of our nomogram. Results Thirteen overall survival- (OS-) related lncRNAs were identified, and the signature consisting of the selected thirteen lncRNAs could effectively divide patients into high-risk and low-risk subgroups, with area under curves (AUC) of 0.89 (3-year OS) and 0.885 (5-year OS). Independent factors derived from multivariable analysis to predict survival were margin status, tumor status, and lncRNA signature, which were all assembled into the nomogram. The calibration curve for the survival probability showed that the predictions based on the nomogram coincided well with actual observations. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.82 (0.77-0.87), and the area under curve (AUC) of the nomogram in predicting overall survival (OS) was 0.938, both of which were significantly higher than the traditional TNM stage. Decision curve analysis further demonstrated that our nomogram had larger net benefit than TNM stage. Conclusion An inclusive nomogram for patients with LSCC, comprising genomic and clinicopathologic variables, generates more accurate estimations of the survival probability when compared with TNM stage alone, but more data are needed before the nomogram is used in clinical practice.
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Imre A, Pinar E, Dincer E, Ozkul Y, Aslan H, Songu M, Tatar B, Onur I, Ozturkcan S, Aladag I. Lymph Node Density in Node-Positive Laryngeal Carcinoma: Analysis of Prognostic Value for Survival. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:797-804. [PMID: 27221573 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816652371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the value of lymph node density (LND) as a predictor of survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and positive neck node (pN+) after laryngectomy. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of 289 patients with newly diagnosed primary laryngeal carcinomas who underwent partial or total laryngectomy and combined neck dissection at a tertiary referral center between June 2006 and December 2014. Patients with pN+ laryngeal SCC (n = 101) were included in the study. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of LND. RESULTS In 101 patients with pN+ laryngeal SCC, LND ≥0.09 and number of metastatic lymph nodes >4 were significantly associated with OS and DFS but not the overall tumor, node, and metastasis stage. Forward stepwise Cox regression analysis revealed that LND ≥0.09 was the only independent predictor of both DFS and OS. Furthermore, the odds ratio of LND ≥0.09 was 10 times higher in patients with regional recurrence when compared patients without regional recurrence. CONCLUSIONS LND was the only independent prognostic predictor of OS and DFS in patients with pN+ laryngeal SCC. Moreover, patients with LND ≥0.09 were significantly associated with high risk of regional recurrence. Thus, patients with LND ≥0.09 are at high risk of regional recurrence and death and may be considered for adjuvant chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Imre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercan Pinar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Dincer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Ozkul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hale Aslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Songu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irem Onur
- Department of Pathology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Ozturkcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Aladag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Liu YP, Lee JJ, Lai TC, Lee CH, Hsiao YW, Chen PS, Liu WT, Hong CY, Lin SK, Ping Kuo MY, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Suppressive function of low-dose deguelin on the invasion of oral cancer cells by downregulating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E524-34. [PMID: 25784049 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deguelin has both antiproliferation and antimetastasis activities. However, high-dose deguelin elicits many undesired side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the low-dose deguelin can prevent the metastasis of oral cancer. METHODS The dose effects of deguelin on metastasis of oral cancer cells were analyzed by in vitro invasion assay and an orthotropic xenograft mouse model. The involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling was examined by Western blot and reporter assay. RESULTS Low-dose deguelin, which has minimal cytotoxicity, significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of oral cancer cells. These inhibitory effects of low-dose deguelin were mediated by suppressing TNF-α-induced activation of IκB kinase leading to the inhibition of IκB phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression. The low-dose deguelin treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and invasion without systemic toxicity. CONCLUSION The low-dose deguelin suppressed the invasion and migration of oral cancer by downregulating TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E524-E534, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Hsin Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Se-Kwan Lin
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark-Yen Ping Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Microarray analysis of serum mRNA in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at whole-genome scale. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:408683. [PMID: 24864240 PMCID: PMC4017838 DOI: 10.1155/2014/408683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for noninvasive approaches in monitoring head and neck cancer, circulating nucleic acids have been shown to be a promising tool. We focused on the global transcriptome of serum samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients in comparison with healthy individuals. We compared gene expression patterns of 36 samples. Twenty-four participants including 16 HNSCC patients (from 12 patients we obtained blood samples 1 year posttreatment) and 8 control subjects were recruited. The Illumina HumanWG-6 v3 Expression BeadChip was used to profile and identify the differences in serum mRNA transcriptomes. We found 159 genes to be significantly changed (Storey's P value <0.05) between normal and cancer serum specimens regardless of factors including p53 and B-cell lymphoma family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL). In contrast, there was no difference in gene expression between samples obtained before and after surgery in cancer patients. We suggest that microarray analysis of serum cRNA in patients with HNSCC should be suitable for refinement of early stage diagnosis of disease that can be important for development of new personalized strategies in diagnosis and treatment of tumours but is not suitable for monitoring further development of disease.
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Fang WK, Liao LD, Li LY, Xie YM, Xu XE, Zhao WJ, Wu JY, Zhu MX, Wu ZY, Du ZP, Wu BL, Xie D, Guo MZ, Xu LY, Li EM. Down-regulated desmocollin-2 promotes cell aggressiveness through redistributing adherens junctions and activating beta-catenin signalling in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2013; 231:257-70. [PMID: 23836524 DOI: 10.1002/path.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-recognized loss of adherens junctions in cancer progression, the role of desmosomal components in cancer development has not been well explored. We previously demonstrated that desmocollin-2 (DSC2), a desmosomal cadherin protein, is reduced in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is associated with enhanced tumour metastasis and poor prognosis. Here, we report that restoration of DSC2 in ESCC cells impeded cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, whereas siRNA-mediated suppression of DSC2 expression increased cell motility. In E-cadherin-expressing ESCC cells, DSC2 restoration strengthened E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions and promoted the localization of β-catenin at these junctions, which indirectly inhibited β-catenin-dependent transcription. These effects of DSC2 were not present in EC109 cells that lacked E-cadherin expression. ESCC patients with tumours that had reduced E-cadherin and negative DSC2 had poorer clinical outcomes than patients with tumours that lacked either E-cadherin or DSC2, implying that the invasive potential of ESCC cells was restricted by both DSC2 and E-cadherin-dependent junctions. Further studies revealed that DSC2 was a downstream target of miR-25. Enhanced miR-25 promoted ESCC cell invasiveness, whereas restoration of DSC2 abolished these effects. Collectively, our work suggests that miR-25-mediated down-regulation of DSC2 promotes ESCC cell aggressiveness through redistributing adherens junctions and activating beta-catenin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Xu C, Wang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Fan W, Upton MP, Lohavanichbutr P, Houck JR, Doody DR, Futran ND, Zhao LP, Schwartz SM, Chen C, Méndez E. Integrative genomics in combination with RNA interference identifies prognostic and functionally relevant gene targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003169. [PMID: 23341773 PMCID: PMC3547824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis to lymph nodes is associated with a 50% reduction in 5-year survival. To identify a metastatic gene set based on DNA copy number abnormalities (CNAs) of differentially expressed genes, we compared DNA and RNA of OSCC cells laser-microdissected from non-metastatic primary tumors (n = 17) with those from lymph node metastases (n = 20), using Affymetrix 250K Nsp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, respectively. With a false discovery rate (FDR)<5%, 1988 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed between primary and metastatic OSCC. Of these, 114 were found to have a significant correlation between DNA copy number and gene expression (FDR<0.01). Among these 114 correlated transcripts, the corresponding genomic regions of each of 95 transcripts had CNAs differences between primary and metastatic OSCC (FDR<0.01). Using an independent dataset of 133 patients, multivariable analysis showed that the OSCC–specific and overall mortality hazards ratio (HR) for patients carrying the 95-transcript signature were 4.75 (95% CI: 2.03–11.11) and 3.45 (95% CI: 1.84–6.50), respectively. To determine the degree by which these genes impact cell survival, we compared the growth of five OSCC cell lines before and after knockdown of over-amplified transcripts via a high-throughput siRNA–mediated screen. The expression-knockdown of 18 of the 26 genes tested showed a growth suppression ≥30% in at least one cell line (P<0.01). In particular, cell lines derived from late-stage OSCC were more sensitive to the knockdown of G3BP1 than cell lines derived from early-stage OSCC, and the growth suppression was likely caused by increase in apoptosis. Further investigation is warranted to examine the biological role of these genes in OSCC progression and their therapeutic potentials. Neck lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To identify genes associated with this critical step of OSCC progression, we compared DNA copy number aberrations and gene expression differences between tumor cells found in metastatic lymph nodes versus those in non-metastatic primary tumors. We identified 95 transcripts (87 genes) with metastasis-specific genome abnormalities and gene expression. Tested in an independent cohort of 133 OSCC patients, the 95 gene signature was an independent risk factor of disease-specific and overall death, suggesting a disease progression phenotype. We knocked down the expression of over-amplified genes in five OSCC cell lines. Knockdown of 18 of the 26 tested genes suppressed the cell growth in at least one cell line. Interestingly, cell lines derived from late-stage OSCC were more sensitive to the knockdown of G3BP1 than cell lines derived from early-stage OSCC. The knockdown of G3BP1 increased programmed cell death in the p53-mutant but not wild-type OSCC cell lines. Taken together, we demonstrate that CNA–associated transcripts differentially expressed in carcinoma cells with an aggressive phenotype (i.e., metastatic to lymph nodes) can be biomarkers with both prognostic information and functional relevance. Moreover, results suggest that G3BP1 is a potential therapeutic target against late-stage p53-negative OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pei Wang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wenhong Fan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Melissa P. Upton
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pawadee Lohavanichbutr
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John R. Houck
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David R. Doody
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Neal D. Futran
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lue Ping Zhao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Méndez
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Surgery and Perioperative Care Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Serrano NA, Xu C, Liu Y, Wang P, Fan W, Upton MP, Houck JR, Lohavanichbutr P, Kao M, Zhao LP, Schwartz SM, Chen C, Méndez E. Integrative analysis in oral squamous cell carcinoma reveals DNA copy number-associated miRNAs dysregulating target genes. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 147:501-8. [PMID: 22470160 PMCID: PMC7068663 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812442490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand possible mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of gene expression unique to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis, the investigators examined the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in OSCC metastasis and their functional impact on target gene expression. STUDY DESIGN Observational assessment of DNA copy number, miRNA, and RNA expression in primary and metastatic OSCC. SETTING University of Washington Medical Center and affiliated hospitals. SUBJECTS Tumor samples were taken from patients with primary incident OSCC; cells were laser-capture microdissected from 17 nonmetastatic primary tumors and 20 metastatic lymph nodes. METHODS DNA copy number aberrations and gene expression profiles were previously determined using Affymetrix 250K Nsp I SNP arrays and HU133 plus 2.0 expression arrays. miRNAs were interrogated with Exiqon's Ready-to-Use PCR Panels assessing the expression of 368 human miRNAs. RESULTS Investigators found 31 miRNAs differentially expressed between metastatic and nonmetastatic samples (false discovery rate <0.4; 26 overexpressed and 5 underexpressed in metastatic samples). Expression of 7 of these miRNAs was significantly associated with their DNA copy numbers, and expressions of 8 of these miRNAs were significantly associated with their target genes. Among these unique miRNAs, miR-140-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29a were differentially expressed in metastasis versus nonmetastatic samples and had a strong positive correlation with their DNA copy numbers and a negative correlation with the expression of their target genes. CONCLUSION Results suggest that DNA copy number aberration may play a role in the dysregulation of some differentially expressed miRNAs in OSCC metastasis, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Serrano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Program in Biostatistics & Biomathematics, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Program in Biostatistics & Biomathematics, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wenhong Fan
- Program in Biostatistics & Biomathematics, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Melissa P Upton
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John R Houck
- Program in Epidemiology, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pawadee Lohavanichbutr
- Program in Epidemiology, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Kao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lue Ping Zhao
- Program in Biostatistics & Biomathematics, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eduardo Méndez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Surgery and Perioperative Care Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA
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Noji T, Miyamoto M, Kubota KC, Shinohara T, Ambo Y, Matsuno Y, Kashimura N, Hirano S. Evaluation of extra capsular lymph node involvement in patients with extra-hepatic bile duct cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:106. [PMID: 22681770 PMCID: PMC3502251 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors for extra-hepatic bile duct carcinoma (ExHBDC). Extra capsular lymph node involvement (ExCLNI) is the extension of cancer cells through the nodal capsule into the perinodal fatty tissue. The prognostic impact of ExCLNI has been shown to be significant mainly in head and neck malignancies. Recently, the prognostic impacts of ExCLNI have evaluated in gastrointestinal malignancies. However no data is available regarding the incidence and prognostic significance of extra-capsular lymph node involvement (ExCLNI) in resectable ExHBDCs. The aim of the present study is first to evaluate the incidence of ExCLNI in surgically-treated ExHBDCs and second, to determine the prognostic impact of ExCLNI in patients with surgically-treated ExHBDCs. Methods A total of 228 patients (110 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and 118 cases of distal cholangiocarcinoma) with surgically-treated ExHBDCs were included in this retrospective study. ExCLNI was defined as the extension of cancer cells through the nodal capsule into the perinodal fatty tissue. The existence of ExCLNI and its prognostic value were analyzed as a subgroup of lymph node metastasis. Results ExCLNI was detected in only 22% of patients with lymph node metastasis of surgically-treated ExHBDC. The presence of ExCLNI correlated with distal cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.002). On univariate analysis for survival, perineural invasion, vascular invasion, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis were statistically significant factors. On multivariate analysis, only lymph node metastasis was identified as a significant independent prognostic factor in patients with resectable ExHBDC. Subgroups of lymph node metastasis including the presence of ExCLNI, location of lymph node metastasis, and the number of lymph node metastasis had no statistically significant impact on survival. Conclusion ExCLNI was present in only 22% of the LNM (7% of overall patients) in patients with surgical treated ExHBDCs. And ExCLNI would have no impact on the survival of patients with surgically-treated ExHBDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Noji
- Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Department of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number aberration at the primary tumour is significantly associated with extracapsular spread in oral cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:850-5. [PMID: 21304522 PMCID: PMC3048213 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracapsular spread (ECS) of lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), is known to reflect tumour aggressiveness, and is significantly associated with high rates of loco-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor outcome. The purpose of this study was to confirm ECS as an important prognostic indicator and to determine the significant factors associated with ECS in OSCCs. Methods: We investigated the incidence of ECS and impact of ECS on survival in 127 OSCC patients. To determine the factors significantly correlated with ECS, we examined many factors, including the clinicopathological features of primary tumours, lymph node metastasis, and copy number aberrations of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) and epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) at primary tumours, and evaluated the value of predicting the risk of ECS of the metastatic lymph node. Results: Kaplan–Meier and multivariate disease-free and overall survival analysis clearly demonstrated that ECS is an independent prognostic factor in OSCCs. Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that the number of pathologically positive nodes and copy number aberrations of EGFR at the primary tumour are independent predictors of ECS. Conclusions: The findings suggest that ECS is an independent prognostic factor in OSCCs. Moreover, the number of pathologically positive lymph nodes and EGFR numerical aberrations of the primary tumour were also shown to be excellent predictors of ECS in OSCCs. Preoperative evaluation of EGFR numerical aberrations might therefore be a useful tool for selecting patients at high risk of ECS, who would benefit from targeted aggressive multimodality therapy.
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Brannan AG, Johnstone PAS, Cooper J. Extracapsular tumor extension in cervical lymph nodes: Reconciling the literature and seer data. Head Neck 2010; 33:525-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Xu C, Liu Y, Wang P, Fan W, Rue TC, Upton MP, Houck JR, Lohavanichbutr P, Doody DR, Futran ND, Zhao LP, Schwartz SM, Chen C, Méndez E. Integrative analysis of DNA copy number and gene expression in metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma identifies genes associated with poor survival. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:143. [PMID: 20537188 PMCID: PMC2893102 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphotropism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important prognostic factors of 5-year survival. In an effort to identify genes that may be responsible for the initiation of OSCC lymphotropism, we examined DNA copy number gains and losses and corresponding gene expression changes from tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes of patients with OSCC. Results We performed integrative analysis of DNA copy number alterations (CNA) and corresponding mRNA expression from OSCC cells isolated from metastatic lymph nodes of 20 patients using Affymetrix 250 K Nsp I SNP and U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, respectively. Overall, genome CNA accounted for expression changes in 31% of the transcripts studied. Genome region 11q13.2-11q13.3 shows the highest correlation between DNA CNA and expression. With a false discovery rate < 1%, 530 transcripts (461 genes) demonstrated a correlation between CNA and expression. Among these, we found two subsets that were significantly associated with OSCC (n = 122) when compared to controls, and with survival (n = 27), as tested using an independent dataset with genome-wide expression profiles for 148 primary OSCC and 45 normal oral mucosa. We fit Cox models to calculate a principal component analysis-derived risk-score for these two gene sets ('122-' or '27-transcript PC'). The models combining the 122- or 27-transcript PC with stage outperformed the model using stage alone in terms of the Area Under the Curve (AUC = 0.82 or 0.86 vs. 0.72, with p = 0.044 or 0.011, respectively). Conclusions Genes exhibiting CNA-correlated expression may have biological impact on carcinogenesis and cancer progression in OSCC. Determination of copy number-associated transcripts associated with clinical outcomes in tumor cells with an aggressive phenotype (i.e., cells metastasized to the lymph nodes) can help prioritize candidate transcripts from high-throughput data for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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