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Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mito-TEMPO mitigates initiation phase of N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:123-130. [PMID: 33711502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress during initial stages of hepatocarcinogenesis can be an effective and promising strategy to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, mitochondria targeted antioxidant, mito-TEMPO was administered to male BALB/c mice at a dosage 0.1 mg/kg b.w. (intraperitoneal) twice a week, followed by single N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg b.w.). After 24 h of NDEA administration, animals were sacrificed, blood and liver tissue were collected. Liver injury markers, histoarchitecture, antioxidant defence status, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), mitochondrial dysfunction analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated. Mito-TEMPO pre-treatment protected animals from the damaging effects of NDEA as observed by normalization of liver injury markers. NDEA metabolism resulted in a significantly increased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS generation with concomitant increase in LPO formation. The activity of mitochondrial complex I, complex II, malate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced and mitochondrial membrane potential was increased. Mito-TEMPO effectively scavenged NDEA-induced ROS generation and reduced LPO formation. A significant improvement was also observed in the activity of mitochondrial complex I, complex II, malate dehydrogenase and normalisation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Results suggested that mito-TEMPO had significant impact on the initiation phase of hepatocarcinogensis which could be one of the reason for its reported chemopreventive effect.
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Shetty S, Kumar R, Bharati S. Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, prevents N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:76-86. [PMID: 30946961 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a significant role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Mitochondria are source organelle as well as target for free radicals. The oxidative damage to mitochondria can be prevented by mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mito-TEMPO. However, its efficacy in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma has not been investigated so far. METHODS Murine model of hepatocarcinogenesis was developed by intraperitoneal administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine to male BALB/c mice. Mito-TEMPO was administered intraperitoneally at weekly intervals, till the completion of the study. The tumours were histopathologically analysed and anti-cancer efficacy of mito-TEMPO was evaluated in terms of survival index, tumour incidence, tumour multiplicity and tumour dielectric parameters. The antioxidant defence status and molecular composition of tumours were assessed. Gap junctions and gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) were studied using ELISA, IHC and Lucifer yellow assay. RESULTS Mito-TEMPO treatment increased survival of animals by 30%, decreased tumour incidence (25%) and tumour multiplicity (39%). The dielectric parameters of tumours in Mito-TEMPO group were indicative of retarded carcinogenesis. Mito-TEMPO administration normalized mean saturation levels in phospholipids and improved glycogen content of the hepatic tissue. Gap junctions and GJIC which were severely impaired in hepatocarcinogenesis, improved after mito-TEMPO treatment. CONCLUSION Mito-TEMPO was effective in combating hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shetty
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Bharati
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Elamir A, ElRefai SM, Ghazy SE. Molecular alterations of mitochondrial D-loop in oral leukoplakia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13944-13951. [PMID: 30945332 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, numerous studies proposed a crucial role of mutations of nuclear DNA in the carcinogenesis process. Of late, many researchers suppose that alterations of mitochondrial DNA should not be excepted from this analysis. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial DNA displayed that mitochondrial D-loop is assessed as a hotspot for molecular alterations in various types of malignant tumors encompassing oral squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is believed to emerge through precancerous stages, which might be merely morphologic aspects of cumulative genetic variations. METHODS In keeping with this model of molecular tumor progression, this study aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative alterations that might occur in mitochondrial D-loop in oral leukoplakia whether dysplastic or not by semiquantitation of a product of the polymerase chain reaction and sequence analyses of mitochondrial D-loop gene. RESULTS Statistically significant increases in the mean values of D-loop concentrations were observed across the dysplasia gradient of oral leukoplakia. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of point mutations in both dysplastic and nondysplastic oral leukoplakia but not in normal mucosa. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that quantitative and qualitative alterations in mitochondrial D-loop could be a promising molecular marker for early detection and progression of the malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Elamir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Sahar M ElRefai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa E Ghazy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tsai WC, Kung PT, Wang YH, Huang KH, Liu SA. Influence of time interval from diagnosis to treatment on survival for oral cavity cancer: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175148. [PMID: 28388649 PMCID: PMC5384671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the relationship between the time interval from diagnosis to treatment and survival of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population-based study was conducted between 2004 and 2010. Claims data of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database. Secondary data were obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. RESULTS A total of 21,263 patients were included in the final analysis. The majority of the patients received treatment within 30 days of diagnosis (n = 18,193, 85.5%), while 572 patients (2.7%) underwent treatment after 120 days. The patients who were treated after 120 days had a higher risk of death when compared to those treated within 30 days (Hazard ratio: 1.32, 95% Confidence intervals: 1.19 to 1.47). CONCLUSION A longer time interval from diagnosis to treatment was found to be associated with a poorer prognosis among patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chen Tsai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tseng Kung
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsin Wang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hua Huang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-An Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Li S, Wan P, Peng T, Xiao K, Su M, Shang L, Xu B, Su Z, Ye X, Peng N, Qin Q, Li L. Associations between sequence variations in the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3723-3728. [PMID: 27313683 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms or mutations and the prognoses of cancer have been investigated previously, but the results have been ambiguous. In the present study, the associations between sequence variations in the mtDNA D-loop region and the outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analysed. A total of 140 patients with HCC (123 males and 17 females), who were hospitalised to undergo radical resection, were studied. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed to detect the sequence variations in the mtDNA D-loop region. Multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted to determine important factors in the prognosis of HCC. A total of 150 point sequence variations were observed in the 140 cases (13 point mutations, 8 insertions, 20 deletions and 116 polymorphisms). The variation rate was 13.4% (150/1, 122). mtDNA nucleotide 150 (C/T) was an independent factor in the logistic regression for early/late recurrence of HCC. Patients with 150T appeared to have later recurrences. In a Cox proportional hazards regression model, hepatitis B virus DNA, Child-Pugh class, differentiation degree, tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, nucleotide 16263 (T/C) and nucleotide 315 (N/insertion C) were independent factors for tumour-free survival time. Patients with the 16263T allele had a greater tumour-free survival time than patients with the 16263C allele. Similarly, patients with 315 insertion C had a superior tumour-free survival time when compared with patients with 315 N (normal). In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, recurrence type (early/late), Child-Pugh class, TNM stage and adjuvant treatment after tumour recurrence (none or one/more than one treatment) were independent factors for overall survival. None of the mtDNA variations served as independent factors. Patients with late recurrence, Child-Pugh class A, and low TNM stages and/or those who received more than one adjuvant treatment following tumour recurrence had favourable outcomes. mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms were associated with early recurrence and tumour-free survival time, but not with overall survival. mtDNA D-loop mutations in HCC were infrequent and lacked prognostic utility. The detection of mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms may assist in identifying risk factors for HCC prognosis, particularly for the short-term outcome, thereby aiding the construction of an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peiqi Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyin Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Banghao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ning Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Quanlin Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Chen XZ, Fang Y, Shi YH, Cui JH, Li LY, Xu YC, Ling B. Mitochondrial D310 instability in Chinese lung cancer patients. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:1177-80. [PMID: 25010070 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.936426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the somatic mutation spectrum of mitochondrial DNA at D310 in Chinese lung cancer patients and evaluate its potential significance in Chinese lung cancer diagnosis, in this study, 237 samples, including lung tumor, adjacent normal tissue and blood samples of 79 lung cancer patients were analyzed. By comparing sequences of D310 between lung cancer tissues, adjacent normal tissue and blood samples, the somatic mutations at D310 were detected in 17.72% (14/79) of Chinese lung cancer patients; this implied that somatic mutations at D310 could be served as valuable biomarker for diagnostic of Chinese lung cancer. Further analyses indicated that deletion and heterogeneity were the predominant characters for somatic mutations detected at D310 of Chinese lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhong Chen
- a Department of ICU , The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
| | - Yu Fang
- b Department of Anesthesiology , the first affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
| | - Yan-Hai Shi
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory , Shanxi Tumor Hospital , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Jing-Hui Cui
- d Department of Medical Service , Unit 65176 of PLA , Dalian , Liaoning , China , and
| | - Long-Yan Li
- e Department of Cardiology and Clinical Laboratory , 211 Hospital of PLA , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yong-Chen Xu
- e Department of Cardiology and Clinical Laboratory , 211 Hospital of PLA , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Bin Ling
- a Department of ICU , The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming , Yunnan Province , China
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Impact of somatic mutations in the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA on the survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124322. [PMID: 25906372 PMCID: PMC4408030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate somatic mutations in the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and their impact on survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods Surgical specimen confirmed by pathological examination and corresponding non-cancerous tissues were collected from 120 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The sequence in the D-loop of mtDNA from non-cancerous tissues was compared with that from paired cancer samples and any sequence differences were recognized as somatic mutations. Results Somatic mutations in the D-loop of mtDNA were identified in 75 (62.5%) oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and most of them occurred in the poly-C tract. Although there were no significant differences in demographic and tumor-related features between participants with and without somatic mutation, the mutation group had a better survival rate (5 year disease-specific survival rate: 64.0% vs. 43.0%, P = 0.0266). Conclusion Somatic mutation in D-loop of mtDNA was associated with a better survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Datta S, Chattopadhyay E, Ray JG, Majumder M, Roy PD, Roy B. D-loop somatic mutations and ∼5 kb "common" deletion in mitochondrial DNA: important molecular markers to distinguish oral precancer and cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3025-33. [PMID: 25527154 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from genomic DNA, mutations at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been hypothesized to play vital roles in cancer development. In this study, ∼5 kb deletion and D-loop mutations in mtDNA and alteration in mtDNA content were investigated in buccal smears from 104 healthy controls and 74 leukoplakia and 117 cancer tissue samples using Taqman-based quantitative assay and re-sequencing. The ∼5 kb deletion in mtDNA was significantly less (9.8 and 10.5 folds, P < 0.0001) in cancer tissues compared to control and leukoplakia tissues, respectively. On the other hand, somatic mutations in D-loop, investigated in 54 controls, 50 leukoplakias and 56 cancer patients, were found to be significantly more in cancer tissues, but not in leukoplakia tissues, compared to control (Z-score = 5.4). MtDNA contents were observed to be significantly more in leukoplakia (2.1 folds, P = 0.004) and cancer (1.6 folds, P = 0.03) tissues compared to control tissues. So, D-loop somatic mutations and ∼5 kb deletion patterns could be used as distinguishing markers between precancer and cancer tissues. This observation further suggests that somatic mutations in D-loop may facilitate carcinogenesis and cancer cells with less ∼5 kb deletion, i.e., intact mtDNA, may become resistant to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Datta
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
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Pagano G, Aiello Talamanca A, Castello G, Cordero MD, d'Ischia M, Gadaleta MN, Pallardó FV, Petrović S, Tiano L, Zatterale A. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction across broad-ranging pathologies: toward mitochondria-targeted clinical strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:541230. [PMID: 24876913 PMCID: PMC4024404 DOI: 10.1155/2014/541230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the disorders recognized as mitochondrial diseases, abnormalities in function and/or ultrastructure of mitochondria have been reported in several unrelated pathologies. These encompass ageing, malformations, and a number of genetic or acquired diseases, as diabetes and cardiologic, haematologic, organ-specific (e.g., eye or liver), neurologic and psychiatric, autoimmune, and dermatologic disorders. The mechanistic grounds for mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) along with the occurrence of oxidative stress (OS) have been investigated within the pathogenesis of individual disorders or in groups of interrelated disorders. We attempt to review broad-ranging pathologies that involve mitochondrial-specific deficiencies or rely on cytosol-derived prooxidant states or on autoimmune-induced mitochondrial damage. The established knowledge in these subjects warrants studies aimed at elucidating several open questions that are highlighted in the present review. The relevance of OS and MDF in different pathologies may establish the grounds for chemoprevention trials aimed at compensating OS/MDF by means of antioxidants and mitochondrial nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Cancer Research Centre at Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Aiello Talamanca
- Cancer Research Centre at Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castello
- Cancer Research Centre at Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario D. Cordero
- Research Laboratory, Dental School, Sevilla University, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nicola Gadaleta
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Petrović
- “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Clinical and Dental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
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Cheau-Feng Lin F, Jeng YC, Huang TY, Chi CS, Chou MC, Chin-Shaw Tsai S. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer. Biomarkers 2014; 19:269-74. [PMID: 24773072 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.902101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number correlates with tumor pathology in some cancers. OBJECTIVE To investigate mtDNA copy number in head and neck cancer (HNC). MATERIALS AND METHODS mtDNA copy number was determined and compared between HNC patients and malignancy-free controls. RESULTS The mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in HNC patients, increased with cancer progression and correlated negatively with patient survival. DISCUSSION mtDNA copy number appears to be associated with HNC stage and survival, but confirmation requires similar studies in larger cohorts. CONCLUSION Studies to establish the nature of the relationship between mtDNA copy number and HNC are warranted.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mitochondrial displacement loop and age-at-onset of renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2408. [PMID: 23934360 PMCID: PMC3740277 DOI: 10.1038/srep02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described in various types of cancers, and their association with cancer risk and disease outcome has been extensively identified. In the present study, we investigated the association between age-at-onset and SNPs in the mitochondrial D-loop using a population-based series of renal cell carcinoma(RCC). The SNP sites of nucleotides 16293A/G were identified for their association with age-at-onset using the log-rank test. The age-at-onset of patients with the minor allele G genotype was significantly lower than that of patients with the A genotype at the 16293 site (p < 0.001). Genetic polymorphisms in the D-loop are predictive markers of age-at-onset in RCC patients. Accordingly, the analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop may help identify RCC patient subgroups at high risk of early onset.
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Pandey R, Mehrotra D, Mahdi AA, Sarin R, Kowtal P. Additional cytosine inside mitochondrial C-tract D-loop as a progression risk factor in oral precancer cases. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2014; 4:3-7. [PMID: 25737911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations inside Polycytosine tract (C-tract) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been described in many different tumor types. The Poly-Cytosine region is located within the mtDNA D-loop region which acts as point of mitochondrial replication origin. A suggested pathogenesis is that it interferes with the replication process of mtDNA which in turn affects the mitochondrial functioning and generates disease. METHODOLOGY 100 premalignant cases (50 leukoplakia & 50 oral submucous fibrosis) were selected and the mitochondrial DNA were isolated from the lesion tissues and from the blood samples. Polycytosine tract in mtDNA was sequenced by direct capillary sequencing. RESULTS 40 (25 leukoplakia & 15 oral submucous fibrosis) patients harbored lesions that displayed one additional cytosine after nucleotide thymidine (7CT6C) at nt position 316 in C-tract of mtDNA which were absent in corresponding mtDNA derived from blood samples. CONCLUSION Our results show an additional cytosine in the mtDNA at polycytosine site in oral precancer cases. It is postulated that any increase/decrease in the number of cytosine residues in the Poly-Cytosine region may affect the rate of mtDNA replication by impairing the binding of polymerase and other transacting factors. By promoting mitochondrial genomic instability, it may have a central role in the dysregulation of mtDNA functioning, for example alterations in energy metabolism that may promote tumor development. We, therefore, report and propose that this alteration may represent the early development of oral cancer. Further studies with large number of samples are needed in to confirm the role of such mutation in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Pradnya Kowtal
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
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Bai Y, Guo Z, Xu J, Liu S, Zhang J, Cui L, Zhang H, Zhang S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA is associated with renal cell carcinoma outcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:224-6. [PMID: 24021012 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.825772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described in various types of cancers and might be associated with cancer risk and disease outcome. We identified 14 SNPs with a frequency higher than 5% and 5 SNPs associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a case-control study previously. In the present study, we assessed the relationship of these SNPs and the outcome of RCC patients, a SNP of 262C/T was identified by the log-rank test for statistically significant prediction of RCC survival. In an overall multivariate analysis, allele 262 was identified as an independent predictor of RCC outcome. The length of survival of patients with 262T was significantly shorter than that of patients with allele 262C (relative risk, 2.136, 95%CI, 1.863-2.449; p = 0.000). The analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop can help identify patients subgroup at high risk of a poor disease outcome.
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Jin H, Sheng S. Whole transcriptome sequencing identifies tumor-specific mutations in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:28. [PMID: 24007313 PMCID: PMC3844419 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of somatic mutations in genes and molecular pathways is a major factor in the evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which sparks studies to identify somatic mutations with clinical potentials. Recently, massively parallel sequencing technique has started to revolutionize biomedical studies, due to the rapid increase in its throughput and drop in cost. Hence sequencing of whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) becomes a superior approach in cancer studies, which enables the detection of somatic mutations and accurate measurement of gene expression simultaneously. Methods We used RNA-Seq data from tumor and matched normal samples to investigate somatic mutation spectrum in OSCC. Results By applying a sophisticated bioinformatic pipeline, we interrogated two tumor samples and their matched normal tissues and identified 70,472 tumor somatic mutations in protein-coding regions. We further identified 515 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) and 156 tumor-specific disruptive genes (TDGs), with six genes in both sets, including ANKRA2, GTF2H5, STOML1, NUP37, PPP1R26, and TAF1L. Pathway analysis suggested that SMGs were enriched in cell adhesion pathways, which are frequently indicated in tumor development. We also found that SMGs tend to be differentially expressed between tumors and normal tissues, implying a regulatory role of accumulation of genetic aberrations in these genes. Conclusions Our finding of known tumor genes proves of the utility of RNA-Seq in mutation screening, and functional analysis of genes detected here would help understand the molecular mechanism of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Zhang
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Pandey R, Mehrotra D, Mahdi AA, Sarin R, Kowtal P, Maurya SS, Parmar D. Association between mitochondrial C-tract alteration and tobacco exposure in oral precancer cases. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2013; 4:219-24. [PMID: 24665180 PMCID: PMC3961899 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.127655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco exposure is a known risk factor for oral cancer. India is home to oral cancer epidemic chiefly due to the prevalent use of both smoke and smokeless tobacco. To reduce the related morbidity early detection is required. The key to this is detailing molecular events during early precancer stage. Mitochondrion is an important cellular organelle involved in cell metabolism and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be the key event in oncogenesis. Last decade has seen a spurt of reports implicating mitochondrial mutations in oral carcinogenesis. However, there are few reports that study mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) changes in oral precancer. This study aims to understand and link effect of tobacco exposure on mtDNA in oral precancer cases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 100 oral precancer cases of which 50 oral leukoplakia and 50 oral submucous fibrosis were recruited in the study and a detailed questionnaire were filled about the tobacco habits. Their tissue and blood samples were collected. Total genomic DNA was isolated from both sources. Mitochondrial C-tract was amplified and bidirectional sequencing was carried out. Mutations were scored over matched blood DNA. RESULTS There was a significant association between the presence of mitochondrial C-tract alteration and duration of tobacco exposure. The probability increased with increasing duration of tobacco consumption. The risk of having this alteration was more in chewers than in smokers. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco in both form, chewable and smoke, is oncogenic and causes early changes in mitochondrial genome and chances increases with increasing duration of tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Cancer Research Institute, ACTREC, Tata Memorail Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya Kowtal
- Cancer Research Institute, ACTREC, Tata Memorail Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Zhang J, Guo Z, Bai Y, Cui L, Zhang S, Xu J. Identification of sequence polymorphisms in the displacement loop region of mitochondrial DNA as a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:563-566. [PMID: 24648987 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be associated with an increased cancer risk. In this case-control study, the SNPs in the mitochondrial D-loop of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients were identified and their association with cancer risk was evaluated. The minor alleles of nucleotides 16293A/G, 262A/G and 488T/C were associated with an increased risk, whereas the minor alleles of nucleotides 16298T/C and 16319G/A were associated with a decreased risk for RCC. Moreover, the nucleotides 16293, 262, 16298 and 16319 were identified as specifically associated with the risk of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), whereas 262 and 488 were specifically associated with papillary RCC and renal oncocytoma. In conclusion, SNPs in mtDNA are potential modifiers of RCC. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop may help identify the patient subgroups at a high risk of developing RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Bai
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Cui
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shenglei Zhang
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Mondal R, Ghosh SK, Talukdar FR, Laskar RS. Association of mitochondrial D-loop mutations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in oral carcinoma: a case control study from northeast India. Oral Oncol 2012; 49:345-53. [PMID: 23265943 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer cells. Tobacco consumption in various forms is one of the major risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma which makes the mitochondrial DNA susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 members of the glutathione S-transferase multigene family are candidate carcinogen metabolizing genes. Here we determined the hot spot mutations in the D-loop region and revealing correlation if any, with clinical parameters, along with analysing the genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 and its susceptibility towards oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the hot spot mutations 25 matched tissue samples of OSCC patients with 25 control subjects were used for PCR and direct sequencing. Analysis for GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism was done by multiplex PCR. RESULTS Several mutations were found within the D-loop region among which mutations at nt146, nt152 and nt196 are found to be hot spot (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P<0.001 respectively). A significant association was found between the numbers of D-loop mutation and GSTM1 (OR=2.03; 95% CI, 1.04-3.96, P=0.003), GSTT1 (OR=1.73; 95% CI, 1.10-2.71, P=0.0027) null genotypes respectively. We observed a significant correlation between the increased number of D-loop mutations with the advancement in tumour stage of the patients (P=0.009, r=0.48). CONCLUSION The association of null genotypes and mutations can be used as a possible biomarker for early detection and preventive measure of oral cancer for those habituated to tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
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De Paepe B. Mitochondrial Markers for Cancer: Relevance to Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis and General Understanding of Malignant Disease Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/217162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display changes that aid them to escape from cell death, sustain their proliferative powers, and shift their metabolism toward glycolytic energy production. Mitochondria are key organelles in many metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, and the adaptation of mitochondrial function has been recognized as crucial to the changes that occur in cancer cells. This paper zooms in on the pathologic evaluation of mitochondrial markers for diagnosing and staging of human cancer and determining the patients’ prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Laboratories for Neuropathology & Mitochondrial Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Building K5 3rd Floor, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Chen JB, Yang YH, Lee WC, Liou CW, Lin TK, Chung YH, Chuang LY, Yang CH, Chang HW. Sequence-based polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop and potential SNP predictors for chronic dialysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41125. [PMID: 22815937 PMCID: PMC3399812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial (mt) displacement loop (D-loop) is known to accumulate structural alterations and mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the D-loop among chronic dialysis patients and healthy controls. Methodology and Principal Findings We enrolled 193 chronic dialysis patients and 704 healthy controls. SNPs were identified by large scale D-loop sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Chronic dialysis patients had lower body mass index, blood thiols, and cholesterol levels than controls. A total of 77 SNPs matched with the positions in reference of the Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) were found in the study population. Chronic dialysis patients had a significantly higher incidence of 9 SNPs compared to controls. These include SNP5 (16108Y), SNP17 (16172Y), SNP21 (16223Y), SNP34 (16274R), SNP35 (16278Y), SNP55 (16463R), SNP56 (16519Y), SNP64 (185R), and SNP65 (189R) in D-loop of CRS. Among these SNPs with genotypes, SNP55-G, SNP56-C, and SNP64-A were 4.78, 1.47, and 5.15 times more frequent in dialysis patients compared to controls (P<0.05), respectively. When adjusting the covariates of demographics and comorbidities, SNP64-A was 5.13 times more frequent in dialysis patients compared to controls (P<0.01). Furthermore, SNP64-A was found to be 35.80, 3.48, 4.69, 5,55, and 4.67 times higher in female patients and in patients without diabetes, coronary artery disease, smoking, and hypertension in an independent significance manner (P<0.05), respectively. In patients older than 50 years or with hypertension, SNP34-A and SNP17-C were found to be 7.97 and 3.71 times more frequent (P<0.05) compared to patients younger than 50 years or those without hypertension, respectively. Conclusions and Significance The results of large-scale sequencing suggest that specific SNPs in the mtDNA D-loop are significantly associated with chronic dialysis. These SNPs can be considered as potential predictors for chronic dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yeh Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HWC); (CHY)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HWC); (CHY)
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Mitochondrial haplogroups and polymorphisms reveal no association with sporadic prostate cancer in a southern European population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41201. [PMID: 22815971 PMCID: PMC3398884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that mitochondria play an important role in certain cancers (prostate, renal, breast, or colorectal) and coronary disease. These organelles play an essential role in apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species; in addition, mtDNA also reveals the history of populations and ancient human migration. All these events and variations in the mitochondrial genome are thought to cause some cancers, including prostate cancer, and also help us to group individuals into common origin groups. The aim of the present study is to analyze the different haplogroups and variations in the sequence in the mitochondrial genome of a southern European population consisting of subjects affected (n = 239) and non-affected (n = 150) by sporadic prostate cancer. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using primer extension analysis and DNA sequencing, we identified the nine major European haplogroups and CR polymorphisms. The frequencies of the haplogroups did not differ between patients and control cohorts, whereas the CR polymorphism T16356C was significantly higher in patients with PC compared to the controls (p = 0.029). PSA, staging, and Gleason score were associated with none of the nine major European haplogroups. The CR polymorphisms G16129A (p = 0.007) and T16224C (p = 0.022) were significantly associated with Gleason score, whereas T16311C (p = 0.046) was linked with T-stage. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Our results do not suggest that mtDNA haplogroups could be involved in sporadic prostate cancer etiology and pathogenesis as previous studies performed in middle Europe population. Although some significant associations have been obtained in studying CR polymorphisms, further studies should be performed to validate these results.
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