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Sadeghi D, Shoeibi A, Ghassemi N, Moridian P, Khadem A, Alizadehsani R, Teshnehlab M, Gorriz JM, Khozeimeh F, Zhang YD, Nahavandi S, Acharya UR. An overview of artificial intelligence techniques for diagnosis of Schizophrenia based on magnetic resonance imaging modalities: Methods, challenges, and future works. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lago SG, Tomasik J, van Rees GF, Rustogi N, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Papiol S, Suarez-Pinilla P, Crespo-Facorro B, Bahn S. Peripheral lymphocyte signaling pathway deficiencies predict treatment response in first-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:37-49. [PMID: 35381347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a major cause of disability worldwide, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and molecular basis of treatment response heterogeneity continue to be unresolved. Recent evidence suggests that multiple aspects of pathophysiology, including genetic risk factors, converge on key cell signaling pathways and that exploration of peripheral blood cells might represent a practical window into cell signaling alterations in the disease state. We employed multiplexed phospho-specific flow cytometry to examine cell signaling epitope expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subtypes in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 49) relative to controls (n = 61) and relate these changes to serum immune response proteins, schizophrenia polygenic risk scores and clinical effects of treatment, including drug response and side effects, over the longitudinal course of antipsychotic treatment. This revealed both previously characterized (Akt1) and novel cell signaling epitopes (IRF-7 (pS477/pS479), CrkL (pY207), Stat3 (pS727), Stat3 (pY705) and Stat5 (pY694)) across PBMC subtypes which were associated with schizophrenia at disease onset, and correlated with type I interferon-related serum molecules CD40 and CXCL11. Alterations in Akt1 and IRF-7 (pS477/pS479) were additionally associated with polygenic risk of schizophrenia. Finally, changes in Akt1, IRF-7 (pS477/pS479) and Stat3 (pS727) predicted development of metabolic and cardiovascular side effects following antipsychotic treatment, while IRF-7 (pS477/pS479) and Stat3 (pS727) predicted early improvements in general psychopathology scores measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). These findings suggest that peripheral blood cells can provide an accessible surrogate model for intracellular signaling alterations in schizophrenia and have the potential to stratify subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes or a greater risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular side effects following antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G Lago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geertje F van Rees
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Rustogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Paula Suarez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Karimian SS, Akbari MT, Sadr SS, Javadi G. Association of Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Candidate Genes in Patients With Schizophrenia. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 11:595-608. [PMID: 33643553 PMCID: PMC7878058 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic heterogenic neurodevelopment disorder. Many genes interfere in the development of SCZ. All four genes, NrCAM, PRODH, ANK3, and ANKK1, which were evaluated in this study, were previously reported to be associated with Schizophrenia. The NrCAM contributes to creating cognitive deficiencies through the CAM’s signaling pathway. PRODH plays a vital role in creating SCZ negative symptoms through the signaling pathway of glutamatergic and NMDA receptors. ANK3 affects ion channel and molecular adhesion in Ranvier and initial segments of axons, leading to mental retardation, sleep disorder, and SCZ. ANKK1 encodes a protein kinase and was reported to be associated with alcohol addiction, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and SCZ. Methods: The subjects were selected from Schizophrenic patients referring to the Psychiatric Ward of Imam-Hussein Hospital and Schizophrenic Patients Support Institution (AHEBBA). 95 (30 Schizoaffective patients, 57 Paranoid patients, and 8 disorganized) patients were recruited as the subjects in the present case-control association study. 120 healthy subjects were recruited from the Tehran Medical Genetics Laboratory staff and a group of students from the Islamic Azad University of Science and Research in Tehran. The genotypes were determined with molecular genotyping techniques of PCR-RFLP, ARMS-PCR, and Cycle sequencing. Results were analyzed by the Chi-Square test using SPSS V. 24 and R, SNP STATE Package to investigate significant differences between cases and controls. Results: The incidence of schizophrenia was 68% and 32% among men and women, respectively. The evaluation of the allelic association between schizophrenia and all the candidate SNPs showed a significant association between NrCAM’s SNP rs10235968 and SCZ (P=0.001). Haplotype T, T, C in rs10235968, rs6967368, rs3763463, respectively, within the NrCAM gene, showed significant association with schizophrenia disorder (P=0.0001). Conclusion: No association was found between other candidate SNPs and SCZ among the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sara Karimian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Akbari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Medical Genetics Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Sadr
- Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hussein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Javadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ozsoy F, Karakus NB, Yigit S, Kulu M. Effect of AUTS2 gene rs6943555 variant in male patients with schizophrenia in a Turkish population. Gene 2020; 756:144913. [PMID: 32574757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophreniais a severe brain disease seen all over the world. There are studies showing that activator of transcription and developmental regulator AUTS2 (AUTS2) gene is involved in the predisposition to schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to analyze the correlation between rs6943555 variant of AUTS2 gene and schizophrenia in a Turkish population. This study include 100 schizophrenia patients and 152 unrelated healthy controls. The AUTS2 genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) tests. Chi-square and Anova tests were used for statistical analyses. According to results, although the A allele frequency was higher in schizophrenia patients, we didn't detect statistically significant correlation between schizophrenia and the AUTS2 gene rs6943555 variant (p = 0.057). However after adjusting for gender, significant effects of genotype and allele were detected among males (p = 0.039 and p = 0.049, respectively). Also we observed a statistically significant correlation between HDL cholesterol values of patients and genotypes of rs6943555 variant (p = 0.016). As a result, rs6943555 variant of AUTS2 gene might affect the predisposition to schizophrenia especially in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Ozsoy
- Tokat State Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Balci Karakus
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Serbulent Yigit
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Muberra Kulu
- Tokat Dr. Cevdet Aykan Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Tokat, Turkey.
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Vawter MP, Philibert R, Rollins B, Ruppel PL, Osborn TW. Exon Array Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 3:197-213. [PMID: 29888231 DOI: 10.1159/000485800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study developed potential blood-based biomarker tests for diagnosing and differentiating schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder type I (BD), and normal control (NC) subjects using mRNA gene expression signatures. A total of 90 subjects (n = 30 each for the three groups of subjects) provided blood samples at two visits. The Affymetrix exon microarray was used to profile the expression of over 1.4 million probesets. We selected potential biomarker panels using the temporal stability of the probesets and also back-tested them at two different visits for each subject. The 18-gene biomarker panels, using logistic regression modeling, correctly differentiated the three groups of subjects with high accuracy across the two different clinical visits (83-88% accuracy). The results are also consistent with the actual data and the "leave-one-out" analyses, indicating that the models should be predictive when applied to independent data cohorts. Many of the SZ and BD subjects were taking antipsychotic and mood stabilizer medications at the time of blood draw, raising the possibility that these drugs could have affected some of the differential transcription signatures. Using an independent Illumina data set of gene expression data from antipsychotic medication-free SZ subjects, the 18-gene biomarker panels produced a receiver operating characteristic curve accuracy greater than 0.866 in patients that were less than 30 years of age and medication free. We confirmed select transcripts by quantitative PCR and the nCounter® System. The episodic nature of psychiatric disorders might lead to highly variable results depending on when blood is collected in relation to the severity of the disease/symptoms. We have found stable trait gene panel markers for lifelong psychiatric disorders that may have diagnostic utility in younger undiagnosed subjects where there is a critical unmet need. The study requires replication in subjects for ultimate proof of the utility of the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis Philip Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brandi Rollins
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Serum galectin-3, but not galectin-1, levels are elevated in schizophrenia: implications for the role of inflammation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2919-2927. [PMID: 28698921 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that galectin-3 is involved in inflammatory processes in the central nervous system and that neuroinflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the link between schizophrenia and various galectins is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to determine whether galectin, a well-known lectin protein that binds to μ-galactoside, is associated with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-six patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls participated in this study. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum galectin-1 and galectin-3 levels were evaluated using ELISA and compared between the participant groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to examine the relationship between BPRS scores and each galectin level. RESULTS Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than they were in controls (p = 0.009, d = 0.640); however, serum galectin-1 levels were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.513). No significant correlation was identified between serum galectin-3 level and the total BPRS score; however, a significant positive correlation was found between the serum galectin-3 level and the positive symptom score of the BPRS (ρ = 0.355; p = 0.033). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was identified between serum galectin-3 levels and the negative symptom score of the BPRS (ρ = -0.387; p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Given the high serum levels of galectin-3 found in patients with schizophrenia compared with that in controls, these findings may support the inflammation hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Huang JH, Park H, Iaconelli J, Berkovitch SS, Watmuff B, McPhie D, Öngür D, Cohen BM, Clish CB, Karmacharya R. Unbiased Metabolite Profiling of Schizophrenia Fibroblasts under Stressful Perturbations Reveals Dysregulation of Plasmalogens and Phosphatidylcholines. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:481-493. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H. Huang
- Center
for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental
Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Chemical
Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hyoungjun Park
- Institute
of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Center
for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental
Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Chemical
Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shaunna S. Berkovitch
- Center
for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental
Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Chemical
Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bradley Watmuff
- Center
for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental
Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Chemical
Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Donna McPhie
- Schizophrenia
and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Dost Öngür
- Schizophrenia
and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Schizophrenia
and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Chemical
Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center
for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental
Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Chemical
Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Schizophrenia
and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD: unipolar depression) is widely distributed in the USA and world-wide populations and it is one of the leading causes of disability in both adolescents and adults. Traditional diagnostic approaches for MDD are based on patient interviews, which provide a subjective assessment of clinical symptoms which are frequently shared with other maladies. Reliance upon clinical assessments and patient interviews for diagnosing MDD is frequently associated with misdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment outcomes. As such, there is increasing interest in the identification of objective methods for the diagnosis of depression. Newer technologies from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and imaging are technically sophisticated and objective but their application to diagnostic tests in psychiatry is still emerging. This brief overview evaluates the technical basis for these technologies and discusses how the extension of their clinical performance can lead to an objective diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bilello
- Ridge Diagnostics Laboratories, Research & Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Oh-Nishi A, Koga K, Maeda T, Suhara T. A possible serologic biomarker for maternal immune activation-associated neurodevelopmental disorders found in the rat models. Neurosci Res 2016; 113:63-70. [PMID: 27425770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that maternal infection during early pregnancy increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., schizophrenia or autism) in offspring. Recently, diagnostic/stratification biomarkers for the maternal immune activation background in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders have been energetically searched for in the patient blood. Here, we report a novel serologic marker candidate for the disorders found in the maternal immune activation (MIA) rat model. Serum proteome analysis of the MIA rat showed that the immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain is reproducibly augmented. The Ig light chain in sera takes two forms - free form or bound to the Ig heavy chain. Only the former is an inflammatory disease marker, but pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the sera of the MIA rats were below detectable limits of the ELISA protocol we used. We thereby carried out serum assays of Ig light chains and pro-inflammatory cytokines of commercially available schizophrenia patient sera for research. Although the number of samples was limited, we found augmentation of free Ig light chains but not pro-inflammatory cytokines in sporadic schizophrenia patient sera. Our findings suggest that Ig light chain assay of the schizophrenia/autism patient sera would be worthy to be validated in larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Oh-Nishi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Kaori Koga
- Anatech Corporation, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Maeda
- Professor Emeritus, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Huang JH, Berkovitch SS, Iaconelli J, Watmuff B, Park H, Chattopadhyay S, McPhie D, Öngür D, Cohen BM, Clish CB, Karmacharya R. Perturbational Profiling of Metabolites in Patient Fibroblasts Implicates α-Aminoadipate as a Potential Biomarker for Bipolar Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:97-106. [PMID: 27606323 DOI: 10.1159/000446654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies suggest the presence of aberrations in cellular metabolism in bipolar disorder. We studied the metabolome in bipolar disorder to gain insight into cellular pathways that may be dysregulated in bipolar disorder and to discover evidence of novel biomarkers. We measured polar and nonpolar metabolites in fibroblasts from subjects with bipolar I disorder and matched healthy control subjects, under normal conditions and with two physiologic perturbations: low-glucose media and exposure to the stress-mediating hormone dexamethasone. Metabolites that were significantly different between bipolar and control subjects showed distinct separation by principal components analysis methods. The most statistically significant findings were observed in the perturbation experiments. The metabolite with the lowest p value in both the low-glucose and dexamethasone experiments was α-aminoadipate, whose intracellular level was consistently lower in bipolar subjects. Our study implicates α-aminoadipate as a possible biomarker in bipolar disorder that manifests under cellular stress. This is an intriguing finding given the known role of α-aminoadipate in the modulation of kynurenic acid in the brain, especially as abnormal kynurenic acid levels have been implicated in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Huang
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
| | - Shaunna S Berkovitch
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
| | - Bradley Watmuff
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
| | - Hyoungjun Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., USA
| | - Shrikanta Chattopadhyay
- MGH Cancer Center, Boston, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
| | - Donna McPhie
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass., USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass., USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass., USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA; Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Mass., USA
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Rothenberger A, Rhode LA, Rothenberger LG. Biomarkers in Child Mental Health: a bio-psycho-social perspective is needed. Behav Brain Funct 2015; 11:31. [PMID: 26420488 PMCID: PMC4589190 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aribert Rothenberger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Luis Augusto Rhode
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Institute for Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Lillian Geza Rothenberger
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrischer Dienst Thurgau/Schweiz, Bahnhofplatz 69b, 8500, Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
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Cunningham C, Peters K. Aetiology of schizophrenia and implications for nursing practice: a literature review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:732-8. [PMID: 25259635 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2014.908441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is recognised as a major mental illness and is prevalent in approximately 1% of the global population. This paper reviewed literature published between 2001 and 2013 to explore the aetiology of schizophrenia and discuss implications for mental health nursing practice. Although the causes of schizophrenia are largely unknown, there is a strong correlation between identified physiological and environmental markers and the development of the disease. With this knowledge, mental health nurses can potentially contribute to the development of strategies and approaches to complement current treatments, and therefore ensure improved outcomes for mental health clients.
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Schmitt A, Gruber O, Falkai P. Selected issues of the DGPPN Congress in 2011. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262 Suppl 2:S49-50. [PMID: 23053467 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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