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Suo Q, Deng L, Chen T, Wu S, Qi L, Liu Z, He T, Tian HL, Li W, Tang Y, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Optogenetic Activation of Astrocytes Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via IL-10 In Stroke. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1870-1886. [PMID: 37196130 PMCID: PMC10529757 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has been used to regulate astrocyte activity and modulate neuronal function after brain injury. Activated astrocytes regulate blood-brain barrier functions and are thereby involved in brain repair. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of optogenetic-activated astrocytes on the change in barrier function in ischemic stroke remain obscure. In this study, adult male GFAP-ChR2-EYFP transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated by optogenetics at 24, 36, 48, and 60 h after photothrombotic stroke to activate ipsilateral cortical astrocytes. The effects of activated astrocytes on barrier integrity and the underlying mechanisms were explored using immunostaining, western blotting, RT-qPCR, and shRNA interference. Neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. The results demonstrated that IgG leakage, gap formation of tight junction proteins, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 expression were reduced after optogenetic activation of astrocytes (p<0.05). Moreover, photo-stimulation of astrocytes protected neurons against apoptosis and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in stroke rats compared to controls (p<0.05). Notably, interleukin-10 expression in optogenetic-activated astrocytes significantly increased after ischemic stroke in rats. Inhibition of interleukin-10 in astrocytes compromised the protective effects of optogenetic-activated astrocytes (p<0.05). We found for the first time that interleukin-10 derived from optogenetic-activated astrocytes protected blood-brain barrier integrity by decreasing the activity of matrix metallopeptidase 2 and attenuated neuronal apoptosis, which provided a novel therapeutic approach and target in the acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Suo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lidong Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengju Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ze Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wanlu Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Salsabila DU, Wardani RK, Hasanah NU, Tafrihani AS, Zulfin UM, Ikawati M, Meiyanto E. Cytoprotective Properties of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl.) and Lemongrass Oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) through Attenuation of Senescent-Induced Chemotherapeutic Agent Doxorubicin on Vero and NIH-3T3 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1667-1675. [PMID: 37247287 PMCID: PMC10495914 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the cytoprotective potentials of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl.) essential oil (CO) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) essential oil (LO). METHODS The essential oils from citronella and lemongrass were obtained by steam-water distillation, then analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) to determine the chemical constituents. The antioxidant activity of CO and LO was compared using a total antioxidant capacity kit. The viability of normal kidney epithelial cells Vero and fibroblast NIH-3T3 as the cell models were tested using a trypan blue exclusion assay. The effect of cellular senescence inhibition on both cell models was measured using senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The mechanism of action of CO and LO in the protection of cellular damage against doxorubicin was also confirmed through 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) staining to discover the ability to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a gelatin zymography assay to observe the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). RESULTS The major marker components of CO and LO were citronellal and citral, respectively. Both oils showed low cytotoxic activity against Vero and NIH-3T3 cells, with IC50 values of over 40 µg/mL. LO exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than CO, but there was no effect on the intracellular ROS level of both oils on Vero and NIH-3T3 cells. However, CO and LO decreased cellular senescence induced by doxorubicin exposure on both cells, as well as suppressed MMP-2 expression. Conclusion: Both CO and LO decrease the cellular senescence and MMP-2 expression with less cytotoxic effects on normal cells independently from their antioxidant capacities. The results were expected to support the use of CO and LO as tissue protective and anti-aging agents in maintaining the body's cellular health against chemotherapeutics or cellular damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiya Ulhaq Salsabila
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Ratih Kurnia Wardani
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Nisa Ul Hasanah
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Ahmad Syauqy Tafrihani
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Ummi Maryam Zulfin
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Muthi’ Ikawati
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
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Gong F, Yang Y, Wen L, Wang C, Li J, Dai J. An Overview of the Role of Mechanical Stretching in the Progression of Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781828. [PMID: 35004682 PMCID: PMC8740071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues in the human body are subjected to mechanical forces of varying degrees, such as tension or pressure. During tumorigenesis, physical factors, especially mechanical factors, are involved in tumor development. As lung tissue is influenced by movements associated with breathing, it is constantly subjected to cyclical stretching and retraction; therefore, lung cancer cells and lung cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are constantly exposed to mechanical load. Thus, to better explore the mechanisms involved in lung cancer progression, it is necessary to consider factors involved in cell mechanics, which may provide a more comprehensive analysis of tumorigenesis. The purpose of this review is: 1) to provide an overview of the anatomy and tissue characteristics of the lung and the presence of mechanical stimulation; 2) to summarize the role of mechanical stretching in the progression of lung cancer; and 3) to describe the relationship between mechanical stretching and the lung cancer microenvironment, especially CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangtao Wen
- Shiyue City Community Health Service Center, Shenzhen Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Analysis of interleukins 6, 8, 10 and 17 in the lungs of premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cytokine 2020; 131:155118. [PMID: 32403004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an abnormality that occurs in premature neonate lung development. The pathophysiology is uncertain, but the inflammatory response to lung injury may be the responsible pathway. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of interleukins 6, 8, 10, and 17 through the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of the lungs of premature neonates with BPD. Thirty-two cases of neonatal autopsies from the Pathology Department of the Clinics Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, who presented between 1991 and 2005 were selected. The sample included neonates less than 34 weeks of gestational age who underwent oxygen therapy and had pulmonary formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Pulmonary specimens were later classified into three groups according to histopathological and morphometric changes (classic BPD, new BPD, and without BPD) and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The antibodies selected for the study were anti-IL-6, anti-IL-8, anti-IL-10, and anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies. IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 showed no significant differences in tissue expression among the groups. IL-17A had higher tissue immunoreactivity in the group without BPD compared with the classic BPD group (1686 vs. 866 μm2, p = 0.029). This study showed that the involvement of interleukins 6, 8, and 10 might not be significantly different between the two types of BPD. We speculated that IL-17A could be a protective factor in this disease.
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Closer to Nature Through Dynamic Culture Systems. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090942. [PMID: 31438519 PMCID: PMC6769584 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanics in the human body are required for normal cell function at a molecular level. It is now clear that mechanical stimulations play significant roles in cell growth, differentiation, and migration in normal and diseased cells. Recent studies have led to the discovery that normal and cancer cells have different mechanosensing properties. Here, we discuss the application and the physiological and pathological meaning of mechanical stimulations. To reveal the optimal conditions for mimicking an in vivo microenvironment, we must, therefore, discern the mechanotransduction occurring in cells.
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Nardiello C, Morty RE. MicroRNA in late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the need to demonstrate causality. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:19. [PMID: 27216745 PMCID: PMC4877338 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA are emerging as powerful regulators of cell differentiation and tissue and organ development. Several microRNA have been described to play a role in branching morphogenesis, a key step in early lung development. However, considerably less attention has been paid to microRNA as regulators of the process of secondary septation, which drives lung alveolarization during late lung development. Secondary septation is severely perturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of preterm birth characterized by blunted alveolarization. A number of studies to date have reported microRNA microarray screens in animal models of BPD; however, only two studies have attempted to demonstrate causality. Although the expression of miR-150 was altered in experimental BPD, a miR-150−/− knockout mouse did not exhibit appreciable protection in a BPD animal model. Similarly, while the expression of miR-489 in the lung was reduced in clinical and experimental BPD, antagomiR and over-expression approaches could not validate a role for miR-489 in the impaired alveolarization associated with experimental BPD. This mini-review aims to highlight microRNA that have been revealed by multiple microarray studies to be potential causal players in normal and pathological alveolarization. Additionally, the challenges faced in attempting to demonstrate a causal role for microRNA in lung alveolarization are discussed. These include the tremendous variability in the animal models employed, and the limitations and advantages offered by the available tools, including antagomiRs and approaches for the validation of a specific microRNA-mRNA interaction during lung alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
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Benjamin JT, van der Meer R, Im AM, Plosa EJ, Zaynagetdinov R, Burman A, Havrilla ME, Gleaves LA, Polosukhin VV, Deutsch GH, Yanagisawa H, Davidson JM, Prince LS, Young LR, Blackwell TS. Epithelial-Derived Inflammation Disrupts Elastin Assembly and Alters Saccular Stage Lung Development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1786-1800. [PMID: 27181406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The highly orchestrated interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme required for normal lung development can be disrupted by perinatal inflammation in preterm infants, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We used transgenic (inhibitory κB kinase β transactivated) mice that conditionally express an activator of the NF-κB pathway in airway epithelium to investigate the impact of epithelial-derived inflammation during lung development. Epithelial NF-κB activation selectively impaired saccular stage lung development, with a phenotype comprising rapidly progressive distal airspace dilation, impaired gas exchange, and perinatal lethality. Epithelial-derived inflammation resulted in disrupted elastic fiber organization and down-regulation of elastin assembly components, including fibulins 4 and 5, lysyl oxidase like-1, and fibrillin-1. Fibulin-5 expression by saccular stage lung fibroblasts was consistently inhibited by treatment with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from inhibitory κB kinase β transactivated mice, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, or tracheal aspirates from preterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis. Expression of a dominant NF-κB inhibitor in fibroblasts restored fibulin-5 expression after lipopolysaccharide treatment, whereas reconstitution of fibulin-5 rescued extracellular elastin assembly by saccular stage lung fibroblasts. Elastin organization was disrupted in saccular stage lungs of preterm infants exposed to systemic inflammation. Our study reveals a critical window for elastin assembly during the saccular stage that is disrupted by inflammatory signaling and could be amenable to interventions that restore elastic fiber assembly in the developing lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Riet van der Meer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amanda M Im
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Erin J Plosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ankita Burman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Madeline E Havrilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Lisa R Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Kufaishi H, Alarab M, Drutz H, Lye S, Shynlova O. Static Mechanical Loading Influences the Expression of Extracellular Matrix and Cell Adhesion Proteins in Vaginal Cells Derived From Premenopausal Women With Severe Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:978-92. [PMID: 26823071 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115625844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary human vaginal cells derived from women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP-HVCs) demonstrate altered cellular characteristics as compared to cells derived from asymptomatic women (control-HVCs). Using computer-controllable Flexcell stretch unit, we examined whether POP-HVCs react differently to mechanical loading as compared to control-HVCs by the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cell-ECM adhesion proteins, and ECM degrading and maturating enzymes. METHODS Vaginal tissue biopsies from premenopausal patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System stage ≥3 (n = 8) and asymptomatic controls (n = 7) were collected during vaginal hysterectomy or repair. Human vaginal cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion, seeded on collagen (COLI)-coated plates, and stretched (24 hours, 25% elongation). Total RNA was extracted, and 84 genes were screened using Human ECM and Adhesion Molecules polymerase chain reaction array; selected genes were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Stretch-conditioned media (SCM) were collected and analyzed by protein array, immunoblotting, and zymography. RESULTS In mechanically stretched control-HVCs, transcript levels of integrins (ITGA1, ITGA4, ITGAV, and ITGB1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 8, and 13 were downregulated (P < .05); in POP-HVCs, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP10, ADAMTS8 and 13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) 1 to 3, ITGA2, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGB1, contactin (CNTN1), catenins (A1 and B1), and laminins (A3 and C1) were significantly upregulated, whereas COLs (1, 4, 5, 6, 11, and 12) and LOXL1 were downregulated. Human vaginal cells massively secrete MMPs and TIMPs proteins; MMP1, MMP8, MMP9 protein expression and MMP2 gelatinase activity were increased, whereas TIMP2 decreased in SCM from POP-HVCs compared to control-HVCs. CONCLUSIONS Primary human vaginal cells derived from women with severe pelvic organ prolapse and control-HVCs react differentially to in vitro mechanical stretch. Risk factors that induce stretch may alter ECM composition and cell-ECM interaction in pelvic floor tissue leading to the abatement of pelvic organ support and subsequent POP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Kufaishi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - May Alarab
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harold Drutz
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Orgeig S, Morrison JL, Daniels CB. Evolution, Development, and Function of the Pulmonary Surfactant System in Normal and Perturbed Environments. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:363-422. [PMID: 26756637 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant lipids and proteins form a surface active film at the air-liquid interface of internal gas exchange organs, including swim bladders and lungs. The system is uniquely positioned to meet both the physical challenges associated with a dynamically changing internal air-liquid interface, and the environmental challenges associated with the foreign pathogens and particles to which the internal surface is exposed. Lungs range from simple, transparent, bag-like units to complex, multilobed, compartmentalized structures. Despite this anatomical variability, the surfactant system is remarkably conserved. Here, we discuss the evolutionary origin of the surfactant system, which likely predates lungs. We describe the evolution of surfactant structure and function in invertebrates and vertebrates. We focus on changes in lipid and protein composition and surfactant function from its antiadhesive and innate immune to its alveolar stability and structural integrity functions. We discuss the biochemical, hormonal, autonomic, and mechanical factors that regulate normal surfactant secretion in mature animals. We present an analysis of the ontogeny of surfactant development among the vertebrates and the contribution of different regulatory mechanisms that control this development. We also discuss environmental (oxygen), hormonal and biochemical (glucocorticoids and glucose) and pollutant (maternal smoking, alcohol, and common "recreational" drugs) effects that impact surfactant development. On the adult surfactant system, we focus on environmental variables including temperature, pressure, and hypoxia that have shaped its evolution and we discuss the resultant biochemical, biophysical, and cellular adaptations. Finally, we discuss the effect of major modern gaseous and particulate pollutants on the lung and surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Orgeig
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher B Daniels
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Suppresses Collagen Synthesis in Cultured Keloid Fibroblasts. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2015; 3:e520. [PMID: 26495233 PMCID: PMC4596445 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloids are defined as a kind of dermal fibroproliferative disorder resulting from the accumulation of collagen. In the remodeling of extracellular matrix, the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is as critical as the proper production of extracellular matrix. We investigate the role of TIMPs and MMPs in the pathogenesis of keloids and examine the therapeutic potential of TIMP-2. METHODS The expression of TIMPs and MMPs in most inflamed parts of cultured keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and peripheral normal skin fibroblasts (PNFs) in the same individuals and the reactivity of KFs to cyclic mechanical stretch were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 7). To evaluate the effect of treating KFs with TIMP-2, collagen synthesis was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and microscopic analysis was used to examine the treatment effects of TIMP-2 on ex vivo cultures of keloid tissue (n = 6). RESULTS TIMP-2 was downregulated in cultured KFs compared with PNFs in the same individuals, and the reduction in TIMP-2 was exacerbated by cyclic mechanical stretch. Administration of TIMP-2 (200 or 300 ng/mL) significantly suppressed expression of Col1A2 and Col3A1 mRNA and collagen type I protein in KFs. TIMP-2 also significantly reduced the skin dermal and collagen bundle thickness in ex vivo cultures of keloid tissue. CONCLUSION These results indicated that downregulation of TIMP-2 in KFs is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of keloids, and the TIMP-2 would be a promising candidate for the treatment of keloids.
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Izumi G, Koga K, Nagai M, Urata Y, Takamura M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Ogawa K, Inoue S, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Cyclic Stretch Augments Production of Neutrophil Chemokines, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Activin A in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 73:501-6. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Izumi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Miwako Nagai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Miyuki Harada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory; RIKEN; Saitama Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Anti-Aging Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Mastri M, Shah Z, Hsieh K, Wang X, Wooldridge B, Martin S, Suzuki G, Lee T. Secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 as a target in antifibrotic therapeutic intervention. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C531-9. [PMID: 24336656 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00238.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of many chronic diseases responsible for organ failure. Although there is currently no therapy on the market that specifically targets fibrosis, the dynamic fibrogenic process is known to be regulated by multiple soluble mediators that may be therapeutically intervened. The failing hamster heart exhibits marked fibrosis and increased expression of secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) amenable to reversal by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. Given the previous demonstration that sFRP2-null mice subjected to myocardial infarction exhibited reduced fibrosis and improved function, we tested whether antibody-based sFRP2 blockade might counteract the fibrogenic pathway and repair cardiac injury. Cardiomyopathic hamsters were injected intraperitoneally twice a week each with 20 μg of sFRP2 antibody. Echocardiography, histology, and biochemical analyses were performed after 1 mo. sFRP2 antibody increased left ventricular ejection fraction from 40 ± 1.2 to 49 ± 6.5%, whereas saline and IgG control exhibited a further decline to 37 ± 0.9 and 31 ± 3.2%, respectively. Functional improvement is associated with a ∼ 50% reduction in myocardial fibrosis, ∼ 65% decrease in apoptosis, and ∼ 75% increase in wall thickness. Consistent with attenuated fibrosis, both MSC therapy and sFRP2 antibody administration significantly increased the activity of myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-2. Gene expression analysis of the hamster heart and cultured fibroblasts identified Axin2 as a downstream target, the expression of which was activated by sFRP2 but inhibited by therapeutic intervention. sFRP2 blockade also increased myocardial levels of VEGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) along with increased angiogenesis. These findings highlight the pathogenic effect of dysregulated sFRP2, which may be specifically targeted for antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mastri
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Suki B, Sato S, Parameswaran H, Szabari MV, Takahashi A, Bartolák-Suki E. Emphysema and mechanical stress-induced lung remodeling. Physiology (Bethesda) 2013; 28:404-13. [PMID: 24186935 PMCID: PMC3858211 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00041.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transpulmonary pressure and the mechanical stresses of breathing modulate many essential cell functions in the lung via mechanotransduction. We review how mechanical factors could influence the pathogenesis of emphysema. Although the progression of emphysema has been linked to mechanical rupture, little is known about how these stresses alter lung remodeling. We present possible new directions and an integrated multiscale view that may prove useful in finding solutions for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Li DD, Song JN, Huang H, Guo XY, An JY, Zhang M, Li Y, Sun P, Pang HG, Zhao YL, Wang JF. The roles of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in cerebral edema following experimental acute cerebral infarction in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hua S, Zhang X, An S, Liu X, Feng Z. PIP, Not FiO<sub>2</sub> Regulates Expression of MMP-9 in the Newborn Rabbit VILI with Different Mechanical Ventilation Strategies. Chin Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2013.44017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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MMP-2 expression by fibroblasts is suppressed by the myofibroblast phenotype. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1542-53. [PMID: 22449415 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During wound healing, fibroblasts transition from quiescence to a migratory state, then to a contractile myofibroblast state associated with wound closure. We found that the myofibroblast phenotype, characterized by the expression of high levels of contractile proteins, suppresses the expression of the pro-migratory gene, MMP-2. Fibroblasts cultured in a 3-D collagen lattice and allowed to develop tension showed increased contractile protein expression and decreased MMP-2 levels in comparison to a stress-released lattice. In 2-D cultures, factors that promote fibroblast contractility, including serum or TGF-β, down-regulated MMP-2. Pharmacologically inducing F-actin disassembly or reduced contractility increased MMP-2 expression, while conditions that promote F-actin assembly suppressed MMP-2 expression. In all cases, changes in MMP-2 levels were inversely related to changes in the contractile marker, smooth muscle α-actin. To determine if the mechanisms involved in contractile protein gene expression play a direct role in MMP-2 regulation, we used RNAi-mediated knock-down of the myocardin-like factors, MRTF-A and MRTF-B, which induced the down-regulation of contractile protein genes by fibroblasts under both serum-containing and serum-free conditions. In the presence of serum or TGF-β, MRTF-A/B knock-down resulted in the up-regulation of MMP-2; serum-free conditions prevented this increased expression. Together, these results indicate that, while MMP-2 expression is suppressed by F-actin formation, its up-regulation is not simply a consequence of contractile protein down-regulation.
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