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Rechtman E, Rodriguez M, Colicino E, Hahn C, Navarro E, Invernizzi A, Dasaro C, Teitelbaum S, Todd A, Horton M. The World Trade Center Exposome and Health Effects in 9/11 Rescue and Recovery Workers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3482965. [PMID: 38168216 PMCID: PMC10760298 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3482965/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) attack, rescue and recovery workers faced hazardous conditions and toxic agents. Prior research linked these exposures to adverse health effects, but mainly examined individual factors, overlooking complex mixture effects. This study applies an exposomic approach encompassing the totality of responders' experience, defined as the WTC exposome. We analyzed data from 34,096 members of the WTC Health Program General Responder, including mental and physical health, occupational history, traumatic and environmental exposures using generalized weighted quantile sum regression. We find a significant association between the exposure mixture index all investigated health outcomes. Factors identified as risk factors include working in an enclosed heavily contaminated area, construction occupation, and exposure to blood and body fluids. Conversely, full-time employment emerged as a protective factor. This exposomics study emphasizes the importance of considering combined exposures. In an era marked by more frequent and severe natural disasters due to the evolving climate crisis, the exposomic framework holds promise as a valuable tool for disaster preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Rechtman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | | | - Andrew Todd
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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Harrison D, Reibman J. World Trade Center-related asthma: clinical care essentials. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36938642 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2023.2185191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is defined as a heterogeneous disease with respiratory symptoms (wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough) that vary over time and intensity, and variable expiratory airflow limitation. Environmental and occupational exposures contribute to its causation. WTC-related or aggravated asthma is considered a World Trace Center (WTC) Health Program certifiable disease. Criteria include defined exposures to the WTC dust and fumes, the presence of symptoms, or aggravated symptoms that are present within 5 years after the last potential for WTC dust/fume exposures (the last 9/11 exposures occurred on July 31, 2002), and a WTC-provider diagnosis of asthma. Asthma is the 3rd most common non-cancer certification among WTC responders and survivors. In this review we provide evidence-based information on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with WTC-related or aggravated asthma and include peer-reviewed research findings in WTC-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Harrison
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Li J, Hall CB, Yung J, Kehm RD, Zeig-Owens R, Singh A, Cone JE, Brackbill RM, Farfel MR, Qiao B, Schymura MJ, Shapiro MZ, Dasaro CR, Todd AC, Prezant DJ, Boffetta P. A 15-year follow-up study of mortality in a pooled cohort of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115116. [PMID: 36549491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hazardous exposures from the World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks have been linked to increased incidence of adverse health conditions, often associated with increased mortality. We assessed mortality in a pooled cohort of WTC rescue/recovery workers over 15 years of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed mortality through 2016 in a pooled and deduplicated cohort of WTC rescue/recovery workers from three WTC-exposed cohorts (N = 60,631): the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY); the WTC Health Registry (WTCHR); and the General Responder Cohort (GRC). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated to assess mortality vs. the US and NY state populations. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of WTC exposures (date of first arrival, working on the WTC debris pile) with mortality risk. RESULTS There were 1912 deaths over 697,943.33 person-years of follow-up. The SMR for all-cause mortality was significantly lower-than-expected, both when using US (SMR 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.45) and NYS (SMR 0.51, 95% CI 0.49-0.53) as reference populations. SMRs were not elevated for any of the 28 major causes of death. Arriving at the WTC site on 9/11-9/17/2001 vs. 9/18/2001-6/30/2002 was associated with 30-50% higher risk of all-cause, heart disease and smoking-related mortality in non-FDNY/non-GRC members. Conversely, arriving on 9/11/2001 vs. 9/18/2001-6/30/2002 was associated with 40% lower all-cause and smoking-related mortality risk in FDNY members. Working on vs. off the WTC pile was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in non-FDNY/non-GRC members (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.50), and cancer-specific mortality in GRC members (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.84), but lower mortality risks were found in FDNY members. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe excess mortality among WTC rescue/recovery workers compared with general populations. However, significantly increased mortality risks among some sub-groups with high WTC exposure warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Li
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, World Trade Center Health Registry, 42-09 28th Street, CN-6W, Long Island City, NY, 11101, United States
| | - Charles B Hall
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Janette Yung
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, World Trade Center Health Registry, 42-09 28th Street, CN-6W, Long Island City, NY, 11101, United States
| | - Rebecca D Kehm
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, World Trade Center Health Registry, 42-09 28th Street, CN-6W, Long Island City, NY, 11101, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States; Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), 9 Metrotech Center 5E-63-K, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, United States; Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St., The Bronx, NY, 10467, United States
| | - Ankura Singh
- Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), 9 Metrotech Center 5E-63-K, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, United States; Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St., The Bronx, NY, 10467, United States
| | - James E Cone
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, World Trade Center Health Registry, 42-09 28th Street, CN-6W, Long Island City, NY, 11101, United States
| | - Robert M Brackbill
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, World Trade Center Health Registry, 42-09 28th Street, CN-6W, Long Island City, NY, 11101, United States
| | - Mark R Farfel
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, World Trade Center Health Registry, 42-09 28th Street, CN-6W, Long Island City, NY, 11101, United States
| | - Baozhen Qiao
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, 150 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12204, United States
| | - Maria J Schymura
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, 150 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12204, United States
| | - Moshe Z Shapiro
- WTC Health Program General Responder Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One, Gustave L. Levy Place, Mail Stop 1057, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Christopher R Dasaro
- WTC Health Program General Responder Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One, Gustave L. Levy Place, Mail Stop 1057, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Andrew C Todd
- WTC Health Program General Responder Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One, Gustave L. Levy Place, Mail Stop 1057, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - David J Prezant
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States; Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), 9 Metrotech Center 5E-63-K, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, United States; Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St., The Bronx, NY, 10467, United States
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Lauterbur Dr., Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States; University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy.
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Tansu A, Culp K. Risk to Civilian Nuclear Power Plant Workers During the Ukrainian-Russian War. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:48-49. [PMID: 36475973 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221134427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kritikos M, Diminich ED, Meliker J, Mielke M, Bennett DA, Finch CE, Gandy SE, Carr MA, Yang X, Kotov R, Kuan P, Bromet EJ, Clouston SAP, Luft BJ. Plasma amyloid beta 40/42, phosphorylated tau 181, and neurofilament light are associated with cognitive impairment and neuropathological changes among World Trade Center responders: A prospective cohort study of exposures and cognitive aging at midlife. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12409. [PMID: 36911360 PMCID: PMC9994167 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction World Trade Center (WTC) responders are experiencing a high risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, though the etiology remains inadequately characterized. This study investigated whether WTC exposures and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were correlated with plasma biomarkers characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Methods Eligible participants included WTC-exposed individuals with a baseline cognitive assessment and available plasma sample. We examined levels of the amyloid beta (Aβ)40/42 ratio, phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and associations with a WTC exposures (duration on site ≥15 weeks, dust cloud), the PTSD Symptom Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition PTSD, and classification of amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) profiles. Multinomial logistic regressions assessed whether biomarkers predicted increased risk of MCI or dementia. Results Of 1179 eligible responders, 93.0% were male, mean (standard deviation) age 56.6 years (7.8). Aβ40/42, p-tau181, and NfL intercorrelated and increased with age. In subgroup analyses of responders with available neuroimaging data (n = 75), Aβ40/42 and p-tau181 were further associated with decreased hippocampal volume (Spearman's ρ = -0.3). Overall, 58.08% of responders with dementia had ≥1 elevated biomarker, and 3.45% had elevations across all biomarkers. In total, 248 (21.05%) had MCI and 70 (5.94%) had dementia. Increased risk of dementia was associated with plasma AT(N) profile T+ or A+N+. Exposure on site ≥15 weeks was independently associated with T+ (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.03 [1.01-1.05], P = 0.009), and T+N+ profile (aRR = 2.34 [1.12-4.87]). The presence of PTSD was independently associated with risk of A+ (aRR = 1.77 [1.11-2.82]). Discussion WTC exposures and chronic PTSD are associated with plasma biomarkers consistent with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public Health and Department of FamilyPopulation, and Preventive MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Erica D. Diminich
- Program in Public Health and Department of FamilyPopulation, and Preventive MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health and Department of FamilyPopulation, and Preventive MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Michelle Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sam E. Gandy
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine, Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Melissa A. Carr
- Department of MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Pei‐Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied MathematicsRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of PsychiatryRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Program in Public Health and Department of FamilyPopulation, and Preventive MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- Department of MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
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DeMarini DM, Warren SH, Brooks LR. Mutagenicity of the organic fraction of World Trade Center dust. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:16-25. [PMID: 36433931 PMCID: PMC9989947 DOI: 10.1002/em.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of the health effects and chemical characterization of the dust resulting from the catastrophic collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, have focused on the large inorganic fraction of the dust; however, chemical analyses have identified mutagens and carcinogens in the smaller organic fraction. Here, we determined the mutagenicity of the organic fraction of WTC dust in Salmonella. Only 0.74% of the mass of the particulate matter (PM) <53 μm in diameter was extractable organic matter (EOM). Because the EOM was 10 times more mutagenic in TA100 +S9 than in TA98 +S9 and was negative in TA98 -S9, we inferred, respectively, that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) played a role in the mutagenicity and not nitroarenes. In TA98 +S9, the mutagenic potency of the EOM (0.1 revertant/μg EOM) was within the range of EOMs from air and combustion emissions. However, the EOM-based mutagenic potency of the particles (0.0007 revertants/μg PM) was 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than values from a review of 50 combustion emissions and various air samples. We calculated that 37 PAHs analyzed previously in WTC EOM were 5.4% of the EOM mass and 0.04% of the PM mass; some air contained 0.3 μg WTC EOM/m3 (0.02 μg PAHs/m3 ). Populations exposed to WTC dust have elevated levels of prostate and thyroid cancer but not lung cancer. Our data support earlier estimates that PAH-associated cancer risk among this population, for example, PAH-associated lung cancer, was unlikely to be significantly elevated relative to background PAH exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. DeMarini
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureOffice of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sarah H. Warren
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureOffice of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lance R. Brooks
- Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency ResponseOffice of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
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Ruano-Ravina A, Acosta O, Díaz Pérez D, Casanova C, Velasco V, Peces-Barba G, Barreiro E, Cañas A, Castaño A, Cruz Carmona MJ, Diego C, Garcia-Aymerich J, Martínez C, Molina-Molina M, Muñoz X, Sánchez-Íñigo FJ, Candal-Pedreira C. A longitudinal and multidesign epidemiological study to analyze the effect of the volcanic eruption of Tajogaite volcano (La Palma, Canary Islands). The ASHES study protocol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114486. [PMID: 36206927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Volcanic eruptions emit gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere which, if inhaled, can have an impact on health. The eruption of the volcano situated in the Cumbre Vieja Nature Reserve (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) affords a unique opportunity to study the effect of such a phenomenon on health. The aim of the proposed study is to assess the short-, medium- and long-term respiratory health effects of exposure to volcanic emissions from the eruption in three different population groups. METHODS We propose to undertake a multidesign study: an ambispective cohort study to analyze the effect of the eruption on the general population, the highly exposed population, and the childhood population; and a pre-post quasi-experimental study on subjects with previously diagnosed respiratory diseases. The information will be collected using a personal interview, biologic specimens, air pollution data, data from medical records, respiratory tests and imaging tests. The study has an envisaged follow-up of five years, to run from the date of initial recruitment, with annual data-collection. This study has been approved by the Santa Cruz de Tenerife Provincial Research Ethics Committee (Canary Island Health Service) on March 10, 2022. CONCLUSIONS This study will make it possible to advance our knowledge of the effect a volcano eruption has on population health, both short- and long-term, and to assess the potential respiratory injury attributable to volcanic eruptions. It may serve as a model for future studies of new volcanic eruptions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela/IDIS), Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Orlando Acosta
- Department of Pulmonology, Canary Islands University Teaching Hospital, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - David Díaz Pérez
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Teaching Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ciro Casanova
- Department of Pulmonology/Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Teaching Hospital, La Laguna University, Tenerife, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle Velasco
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Canary Islands University Teaching Hospital, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pulmonology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Teaching Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Del Mar Hospital Medical Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cañas
- National Environmental Health Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Environmental Health Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cruz Carmona
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pulmonology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Diego
- Department of Pulmonology, Ferrol University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Principality of Asturias Health Research Institute (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Molina-Molina
- Interstitial Lung Function Unit, Pulmonology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Bellvitge University Teaching Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pulmonology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Candal-Pedreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela/IDIS), Spain
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Orysiak J, Młynarczyk M, Piec R, Jakubiak A. Lifestyle and environmental factors may induce airway and systemic inflammation in firefighters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73741-73768. [PMID: 36094704 PMCID: PMC9465149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Health status depends on multiple genetic and non-genetic factors. Nonheritable factors (such as lifestyle and environmental factors) have stronger impact on immune responses than genetic factors. Firefighters work is associated with exposure to air pollution and heat stress, as well as: extreme physical effort, mental stress, or a changed circadian rhythm, among others. All these factors can contribute to both, short-term and long-term impairment of the physical and mental health of firefighters. Increased levels of some inflammatory markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or C-reactive protein (CRP) have been observed in firefighters, which can lead to local, acute inflammation that promotes a systemic inflammatory response. It is worth emphasizing that inflammation is one of the main hallmarks of cancer and also plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This article presents possible causes of the development of an inflammatory reaction in firefighters, with particular emphasis on airway inflammation caused by smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Orysiak
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Młynarczyk
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Piec
- Institute of Internal Security, The Main School of Fire Service, Słowackiego St. 52/54, 01-629, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki and Wigury St. 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Grunig G, Durmus N, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Pehlivan S, Wang Y, Doo K, Cotrina-Vidal ML, Goldring R, Berger KI, Liu M, Shao Y, Reibman J. Molecular Clustering Analysis of Blood Biomarkers in World Trade Center Exposed Community Members with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8102. [PMID: 35805759 PMCID: PMC9266229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001 (9/11) released large amounts of toxic dusts and fumes into the air that exposed many community members who lived and/or worked in the local area. Many community members, defined as WTC survivors by the federal government, developed lower respiratory symptoms (LRS). We previously reported the persistence of these symptoms in patients with normal spirometry despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting bronchodilators. This report expands upon our study of this group with the goal to identify molecular markers associated with exposure and heterogeneity in WTC survivors with LRS using a selected plasma biomarker approach. Samples from WTC survivors with LRS (n = 73, WTCS) and samples from healthy control participants of the NYU Bellevue Asthma Registry (NYUBAR, n = 55) were compared. WTCS provided information regarding WTC dust exposure intensity. Hierarchical clustering of the linear biomarker data identified two clusters within WTCS and two clusters within NYUBAR controls. Comparison of the WTCS clusters showed that one cluster had significantly increased levels of circulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 13), soluble inflammatory receptors (receptor for advanced glycation end-products-RAGE, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), suppression of tumorigenicity (ST)2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)1, IL-6Ra, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)RI, TNFRII), and chemokines (IL-8, CC chemokine ligand- CCL17). Furthermore, this WTCS cluster was associated with WTC exposure variables, ash at work, and the participant category workers; but not with the exposure variable WTC dust cloud at 9/11. A comparison of WTC exposure categorial variables identified that chemokines (CCL17, CCL11), circulating receptors (RAGE, TREM1), MMPs (MMP3, MMP12), and vascular markers (Angiogenin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-VCAM1) significantly increased in the more exposed groups. Circulating biomarkers of remodeling and inflammation identified clusters within WTCS and were associated with WTC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
| | - Nedim Durmus
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Yian Zhang
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yuting Lu
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sultan Pehlivan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
| | - Yuyan Wang
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kathleen Doo
- Pulmonary, Kaiser Permanente East Bay, Oakland, CA 94611, USA;
| | - Maria L. Cotrina-Vidal
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
| | - Roberta Goldring
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
| | - Kenneth I. Berger
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
| | - Mengling Liu
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.D.); (S.P.); (M.L.C.-V.); (R.G.); (K.I.B.)
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Dicpinigaitis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center/Einstein Division, 1825 Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Oltmanns JR, Ruggero C, Miao J, Waszczuk M, Yang Y, Clouston SAP, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ, Kotov R. The Role of Personality in the Mental and Physical Health of World Trade Center Responders: Self- versus Informant-Reports. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 1:10.31234/osf.io/c4gbf. [PMID: 36407479 PMCID: PMC9670015 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/c4gbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Personality is linked to important health outcomes, but most prior studies have relied on self-reports, making it possible that shared-method variance explains the associations. The present study examined self- versus informant-reports of personality and multi-method outcomes. World Trade Center (WTC) responders and informants, 283 pairs, completed five-factor model personality measures and multi-method assessments of stressful events, functioning, mental disorders, 9/11-related treatment costs, BMI, and daily activity across three years. Self-reports were uniquely related to stressful events and functioning. Both self-reports and informant-reports showed incremental validity over one another for mental disorder diagnoses and treatment costs. For objective outcomes daily activity and BMI, informant-reports showed incremental validity over self-reports, accounting for all self-report variance and more. The findings suggest that informant-reports of personality provide better validity for objective health outcomes, which has implications for understanding personality and its role in mental and physical health.
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