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Sangree AK, Angireddy R, Bryant LM, Layo-Carris DE, Lubin EE, Wang XM, Clark KJ, Durham EE, Bhoj EJ. A novel iPSC model of Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome demonstrates the role of histone H3.3 in neuronal differentiation and maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.26.609745. [PMID: 39253491 PMCID: PMC11382994 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.26.609745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome (BLBS) is neurogenetic disorder caused by variants in H3-3A and H3-3B, the two genes that encode the histone H3.3 protein. Ninety-nine percent of individuals with BLBS show developmental delay/intellectual disability, but the mechanism by which variants in H3.3 result in these phenotypes is not yet understood. As a result, only palliative interventions are available to individuals living with BLBS. Methods Here, we investigate how one BLBS-causative variant, H3-3B p.Leu48Arg (L48R), affects neurodevelopment using an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model differentiated to 2D neural progenitor cells (NPCs), 2D forebrain neurons (FBNs), and 3D dorsal forebrain organoids (DFBOs). We employ a multi-omic approach in the 2D models to quantify the resulting changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. We used immunofluorescence (IF) staining to define the identities of cells in the 3D DFBOs. Results In the 2D systems, we found dysregulation of both gene expression and chromatin accessibility of genes important for neuronal fate, maturation, and function in H3.3 L48R compared to control. Our work in 3D organoids corroborates these findings, demonstrating altered proportions of radial glia and mature neuronal cells. Conclusions These data provide the first mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of BLBS from a human-derived model of neurodevelopment, which suggest that the L48R increases H3-3B expression, resulting in the hyper-deposition of H3.3 into the nucleosome which underlies changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Functionally, this causes dysregulation of cell adhesion, neurotransmission, and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling. These results are a crucial step towards preclinical development and testing of targeted therapies for this and related disorders.
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Roach JT, Riviere-Cazaux C, Wells BA, Boop FA, Daniels DJ. Epigenetics to clinicopathological features: a bibliometric analysis of H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:2009-2017. [PMID: 38613587 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. More than 30% of diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) in adolescents harbor histone H3 G34 mutations and are recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct tumor entity. By reporting bibliometric characteristics of the most cited publications on H3 G34-mutant DHG (H3 G34 DHG), we provide an overview of emerging literature and speculate where future research efforts may lead. METHODS One hundred fourteen publications discussing H3 G34 DHG were identified, categorized as basic science (BSc), clinical (CL), or review (R), and ranked by citation number. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized, and a comparison between article types was performed. RESULTS Articles within this study represent principal investigators from 15 countries and were published across 63 journals between 2012 and 2024, with 36.84% of articles originating in the United States. Overall median values were as follows: citation count, 20 (range, 0-2591), number of authors, 9 (range, 2-78), and year of publication, 2020 (range, 2012-2024). Among the top ten most cited articles, BSc articles accounted for all ten reports. Compared to CL and R articles, BSc articles were published in journals with higher impact factors. CONCLUSION We establish variability in bibliometric parameters for the most cited publications on H3 G34 DHG. Our findings demonstrate a paucity of high-impact and highly cited CL reports and acknowledge an unmet need to intersect basic mechanism with clinical data to inform novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Roach
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Brain Tumor Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Cecile Riviere-Cazaux
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Qin B, Lu G, Chen X, Zheng C, Lin H, Liu Q, Shang J, Feng G. H2B oncohistones cause homologous recombination defect and genomic instability through reducing H2B monoubiquitination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107345. [PMID: 38718864 PMCID: PMC11167522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Canonical oncohistones are histone H3 mutations in the N-terminal tail associated with tumors and affect gene expression by altering H3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the epigenetic landscape. Noncanonical oncohistone mutations occur in both tails and globular domains of all four core histones and alter gene expression by perturbing chromatin remodeling. However, the effects and mechanisms of noncanonical oncohistones remain largely unknown. Here we characterized 16 noncanonical H2B oncohistones in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We found that seven of them exhibited temperature sensitivities and 11 exhibited genotoxic sensitivities. A detailed study of two of these onco-mutants H2BG52D and H2BP102L revealed that they were defective in homologous recombination (HR) repair with compromised histone eviction and Rad51 recruitment. Interestingly, their genotoxic sensitivities and HR defects were rescued by the inactivation of the H2BK119 deubiquitination function of Ubp8 in the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex. The levels of H2BK119 monoubiquitination (H2Bub) in the H2BG52D and H2BP102L mutants are reduced in global genome and at local DNA break sites presumably due to enhanced recruitment of Ubp8 onto nucleosomes and are recovered upon loss of H2B deubiquitination function of the SAGA complex. Moreover, H2BG52D and H2BP102L heterozygotes exhibit genotoxic sensitivities and reduced H2Bub in cis. We therefore conclude that H2BG52D and H2BP102L oncohistones affect HR repair and genome stability via the reduction of H2Bub and propose that other noncanonical oncohistones may also affect histone PTMs to cause diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenhua Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanteng Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjie Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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4
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Liu A, Zhou L, Huang Y, Peng D. Analysis of copy number variants detected by sequencing in spontaneous abortion. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:13. [PMID: 38764094 PMCID: PMC11103966 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of spontaneous abortion (SA), which affects approximately 15-20% of pregnancies, is the most common complication of early pregnancy. Pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) are recognized as potential genetic causes of SA. However, CNVs of variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) have been identified in products of conceptions (POCs), and their correlation with SA remains uncertain. RESULTS Of 189 spontaneous abortion cases, trisomy 16 was the most common numerical chromosome abnormality, followed by monosomy X. CNVs most often occurred on chromosomes 4 and 8. Gene Ontology and signaling pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of genes related to nervous system development, transmembrane transport, cell adhesion, and structural components of chromatin. Furthermore, genes within the VOUS CNVs were screened by integrating human placental expression profiles, PhyloP scores, and Residual Variance Intolerance Score (RVIS) percentiles to identify potential candidate genes associated with spontaneous abortion. Fourteen potential candidate genes (LZTR1, TSHZ1, AMIGO2, H1-4, H2BC4, H2AC7, H3C8, H4C3, H3C6, PHKG2, PRR14, RNF40, SRCAP, ZNF629) were identified. Variations in LZTR1, TSHZ1, and H4C3 may contribute to embryonic lethality. CONCLUSIONS CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) analysis is an effective technique for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in POCs and identifying potential candidate genes for SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Liu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yazhou Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changde Hospital, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde city), Changde, 415000, China.
| | - Dan Peng
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changde Hospital, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde city), Changde, 415000, China.
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Cohen LRZ, Meshorer E. The many faces of H3.3 in regulating chromatin in embryonic stem cells and beyond. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00052-7. [PMID: 38614918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
H3.3 is a highly conserved nonreplicative histone variant. H3.3 is enriched in promoters and enhancers of active genes, but it is also found within suppressed heterochromatin, mostly around telomeres. Accordingly, H3.3 is associated with seemingly contradicting functions: It is involved in development, differentiation, reprogramming, and cell fate, as well as in heterochromatin formation and maintenance, and the silencing of developmental genes. The emerging view is that different cellular contexts and histone modifications can promote opposing functions for H3.3. Here, we aim to provide an update with a focus on H3.3 functions in early mammalian development, considering the context of embryonic stem cell maintenance and differentiation, to finally conclude with emerging roles in cancer development and cell fate transition and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea R Z Cohen
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Ragusa D, Vagnarelli P. Contribution of histone variants to aneuploidy: a cancer perspective. Front Genet 2023; 14:1290903. [PMID: 38075697 PMCID: PMC10702394 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1290903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone variants, which generally differ in few amino acid residues, can replace core histones (H1, H2A, H2B, and H3) to confer specific structural and functional features to regulate cellular functions. In addition to their role in DNA packaging, histones modulate key processes such as gene expression regulation and chromosome segregation, which are frequently dysregulated in cancer cells. During the years, histones variants have gained significant attention as gatekeepers of chromosome stability, raising interest in understanding how structural and functional alterations can contribute to tumourigenesis. Beside the well-established role of the histone H3 variant CENP-A in centromere specification and maintenance, a growing body of literature has described mutations, aberrant expression patterns and post-translational modifications of a variety of histone variants in several cancers, also coining the term "oncohistones." At the molecular level, mechanistic studies have been dissecting the biological mechanisms behind histones and missegregation events, with the potential to uncover novel clinically-relevant targets. In this review, we focus on the current understanding and highlight knowledge gaps of the contribution of histone variants to aneuploidy, and we have compiled a database (HistoPloidyDB) of histone gene alterations linked to aneuploidy in cancers of the The Cancer Genome Atlas project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ragusa
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Karam G, Molaro A. Casting histone variants during mammalian reproduction. Chromosoma 2023:10.1007/s00412-023-00803-9. [PMID: 37347315 PMCID: PMC10356639 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian reproduction, germ cell chromatin packaging is key to prepare parental genomes for fertilization and to initiate embryonic development. While chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications are well known to carry regulatory information, histone variants have received less attention in this context. Histone variants alter the stability, structure and function of nucleosomes and, as such, contribute to chromatin organization in germ cells. Here, we review histone variants expression dynamics during the production of male and female germ cells, and what is currently known about their parent-of-origin effects during reproduction. Finally, we discuss the apparent conundrum behind these important functions and their recent evolutionary diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Karam
- Genetics, Reproduction and Development Institute (iGReD), CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Molaro
- Genetics, Reproduction and Development Institute (iGReD), CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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8
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Ahmadzada T, Vijayan A, Vafaee F, Azimi A, Reid G, Clarke S, Kao S, Grau GE, Hosseini-Beheshti E. Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines Offer Biomarker Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082364. [PMID: 37190292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma, previously known as malignant pleural mesothelioma, is an aggressive and fatal cancer of the pleura, with one of the poorest survival rates. Pleural mesothelioma is in urgent clinical need for biomarkers to aid early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and stratify patients for treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers; however, there are limited studies to date on their role in pleural mesothelioma. We conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis on different EV populations derived from five pleural mesothelioma cell lines and an immortalized control cell line. We characterized three subtypes of EVs (10 K, 18 K, and 100 K), and identified a total of 4054 unique proteins. Major differences were found in the cargo between the three EV subtypes. We show that 10 K EVs were enriched in mitochondrial components and metabolic processes, while 18 K and 100 K EVs were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found 46 new cancer-associated proteins for pleural mesothelioma, and the presence of mesothelin and PD-L1/PD-L2 enriched in 100 K and 10 K EV, respectively. We demonstrate that different EV populations derived from pleural mesothelioma cells have unique cancer-specific proteomes and carry oncogenic cargo, which could offer a novel means to extract biomarkers of interest for pleural mesothelioma from liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkin Ahmadzada
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Azimi
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Clarke
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Steven Kao
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Georges E Grau
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Lavrador JP, Reisz Z, Sibtain N, Rajwani K, Baig Mirza A, Vergani F, Gullan R, Bhangoo R, Ashkan K, Bleil C, Zebian B, Clark B, Laxton R, King A, Bodi I, Al-Saraj S. H3 G34-mutant high-grade gliomas: integrated clinical, imaging and pathological characterisation of a single-centre case series. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1615-1633. [PMID: 36929449 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant, is a novel paediatric tumour type in the fifth edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumours associated with an invariably poor outcome. We present a comprehensive clinical, imaging and pathological review of this entity. METHODS Patients with confirmed H3 G34R-mutant high-grade glioma were included in a single-centre retrospective cohort study and examined for clinical, radiological and histo-molecular data. RESULTS Twelve patients were enrolled in the study - 7 males/5 females; the mean age was 17.5 years (10-57 years). Most patients presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure (8/12). The frontal lobe (60%) was the prevalent location, with a mixed cystic-nodular appearance (10/12) and presence of vascular flow voids coursing through/being encased by the mass (8/12), and all tumours showed cortical invasion. Nine patients had subtotal resection limited by functional margins, two patients underwent supra-total resection, and one patient had biopsy only. 5-ALA was administered to 6 patients, all of whom showed positive fluorescence. Histologically, the tumours showed a marked heterogeneity and aggressive spread along pre-existing brain structures and leptomeninges. In addition to the diagnostic H3 G34R/V mutation, pathogenic variants in TP53 and ATRX genes were found in most cases. Potential targetable mutations in PDGFRA and PIK3CA genes were detected in five cases. The MGMT promoter was highly methylated in half of the samples. Methylation profiling was a useful diagnostic tool and highlighted recurrent structural chromosome abnormalities, such as PDGFRA amplification, CDKN2A/B deletion, PTEN loss and various copy number changes in the cyclin D-CDK4/Rb pathway. Radiochemotherapy was the most common adjuvant treatment (9/12), and the average survival was 19.3 months. CONCLUSIONS H3 G34R-mutant hemispheric glioma is a distinct entity with characteristic imaging and pathological features. Genomic landscaping of individual tumours can offer an opportunity to adapt individual therapies and improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zita Reisz
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Naomi Sibtain
- Department of Neuroradiology, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kapil Rajwani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Asfand Baig Mirza
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Francesco Vergani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Gullan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ranjeev Bhangoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cristina Bleil
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bassel Zebian
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barnaby Clark
- Molecular Neuropathology, Synnovis at King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ross Laxton
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Molecular Neuropathology, Synnovis at King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Saraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
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10
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Cohen LRZ, Kaffe B, Deri E, Leibson C, Nissim-Rafinia M, Maman M, Harpaz N, Ron G, Shema E, Meshorer E. PRC2-independent actions of H3.3K27M in embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1662-1673. [PMID: 36156096 PMCID: PMC9976889 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone H3 variant, H3.3, is localized at specific regions in the genome, especially promoters and active enhancers, and has been shown to play important roles in development. A lysine to methionine substitution in position 27 (H3.3K27M) is a main cause of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (specifically Diffuse Midline Glioma, K27M-mutant), a lethal type of pediatric cancer. H3.3K27M has a dominant-negative effect by inhibiting the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) activity. Here, we studied the immediate, genome-wide, consequences of the H3.3K27M mutation independent of PRC2 activity. We developed Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying a single extra copy of WT-H3.3, H3.3K27M and H3.3K27L, all fused to HA. We performed RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq at different times following Dox induction in undifferentiated and differentiated ESCs. We find increased binding of H3.3 around transcription start sites in cells expressing both H3.3K27M and H3.3K27L compared with WT, but not in cells treated with PRC2 inhibitors. Differentiated cells carrying either H3.3K27M or H3.3K27L retain expression of ESC-active genes, in expense of expression of genes related to neuronal differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that a modifiable H3.3K27 is required for proper histone incorporation and cellular maturation, independent of PRC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea R Z Cohen
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.,The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Binyamin Kaffe
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Eden Deri
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.,The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Chen Leibson
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Moria Maman
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nofar Harpaz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Guy Ron
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Efrat Shema
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.,The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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11
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Montalbano S, Raboni S, Sidoli S, Mozzarelli A, Bettati S, Buschini A. Post-Translational Modifications of Histone Variants in the Absence and Presence of a Methionine-Depleting Enzyme in Normal and Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020527. [PMID: 36672476 PMCID: PMC9857184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid involved in the formation of polyamines and a precursor metabolite for DNA and protein methylation. The dependence of cancer cells on methionine has triggered extensive investigations aimed at its targeting for cancer therapy, including the exploitation as a therapeutic tool of methionine γ-lyase (MGL), a bacterial enzyme that degrades methionine, capable of inhibiting cancer cells growth due to methionine starvation. We have exploited the high-resolution power of mass spectrometry to compare the effects of reduced availability of the methyl donor SAM, induced by MGL treatment, on the post-translational modifications of the histone tails in normal Hs27 and cancer HT-29 cells. In the absence of MGL, our analysis detected a three-fold higher relative abundance of trimethylated K25 of H1.4 in HT-29 than Hs27 cells, and a complex pattern of methylated, unmethylated and acetylated peptides in H2 and H3.3. In the presence of MGL, in HT-29, the peptide H2A1_4_11 is predominantly unmodified with mono-methylated K5 increasing upon treatment, whereas in Hs27 cells, H2A1_4_11 is monomethylated at K5 and K9 with these marks decreasing upon treatment. The time dependence of the effects of MGL-mediated methionine depletion on PTMs of histone variants in HT-29 cancer cells was also monitored. Overall, our present data on histone variants H1, H2A, H2B as well as H3.3 integrated with our previous studies on histones H3 and H4, shed light on the epigenetic modifications associated with methionine starvation and associated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Montalbano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- COMT (Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, San Cataldo, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, San Cataldo, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, San Cataldo, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- COMT (Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Eytan K, Versano Z, Oren R, Jacob-Hirsch J, Leitner M, Harmelin A, Rechavi G, Toren A, Paglin S, Yalon M. Pediatric glioblastoma cells are sensitive to drugs that inhibit eIF2α dephosphorylation and its phosphomimetic S51D variant. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959133. [PMID: 36091130 PMCID: PMC9462064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that pediatric glioblastoma (PED-GBM) cell lines from diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) carrying the H3K27M mutation or from diffuse hemispheric glioma expressing the H3G34R mutation are sensitive to the combination of vorinostat (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) and PARP-1 inhibitors. The combined treatment increased the phosphorylation of eIF2α (P-eIF2α) relative to each drug alone and enhanced the decrease in cell survival. To explore the role played by increased P-eIF2α in modulating PED-GBM survival and response to treatments, we employed brain-penetrating inhibitors of P-eIF2α dephosphorylation: salubrinal and raphin-1. These drugs increased P-eIF2α, DNA damage, and cell death, similarly affecting the sensitivity of DIPG cells and derived neurospheres to PARP-1 inhibitors. Interestingly, these drugs also decreased the level of eIF2Bϵ (the catalytic subunit of eIF2B) and increased its phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the effect of increased P-eIF2α. Transient transfection with the S51D phosphomimetic eIF2α variant recapitulated the effect of salubrinal and raphin-1 on PED-GBM survival and sensitivity to PARP-1 inhibitors. Importantly, either salubrinal or raphin-1 dramatically increased the sensitivity of DIPG cells to radiation, the main treatment modality of PED-GBM. Finally, PED-GBM was more sensitive than normal human astrocytes to salubrinal, raphin-1, and the treatment combinations described herein. Our results indicate that combinations of histone deacetylase inhibitors and PARP-1 inhibitors should be evaluated for their toxicity and efficacy in PED-GBM patients and point to drugs that increase P-eIF2α or modulate its downstream effectors as a novel means of treating PED-GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eytan
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ziv Versano
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Sheba Cancer Research Center (SCRC), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Wohl Centre for Translational Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moshe Leitner
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center (SCRC), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Wohl Centre for Translational Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Paglin
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Yalon,
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13
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Molenaar TM, van Leeuwen F. SETD2: from chromatin modifier to multipronged regulator of the genome and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:346. [PMID: 35661267 PMCID: PMC9167812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes play critical roles in many key cellular processes and are appealing proteins for targeting by small molecules in disease. However, while the functions of histone modifying enzymes are often linked to epigenetic regulation of the genome, an emerging theme is that these enzymes often also act by non-catalytic and/or non-epigenetic mechanisms. SETD2 (Set2 in yeast) is best known for associating with the transcription machinery and methylating histone H3 on lysine 36 (H3K36) during transcription. This well-characterized molecular function of SETD2 plays a role in fine-tuning transcription, maintaining chromatin integrity, and mRNA processing. Here we give an overview of the various molecular functions and mechanisms of regulation of H3K36 methylation by Set2/SETD2. These fundamental insights are important to understand SETD2’s role in disease, most notably in cancer in which SETD2 is frequently inactivated. SETD2 also methylates non-histone substrates such as α-tubulin which may promote genome stability and contribute to the tumor-suppressor function of SETD2. Thus, to understand its role in disease, it is important to understand and dissect the multiple roles of SETD2 within the cell. In this review we discuss how histone methylation by Set2/SETD2 has led the way in connecting histone modifications in active regions of the genome to chromatin functions and how SETD2 is leading the way to showing that we also have to look beyond histones to truly understand the physiological role of an ‘epigenetic’ writer enzyme in normal cells and in disease.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Cohen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
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15
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Buccoliero AM, Giunti L, Moscardi S, Castiglione F, Provenzano A, Sardi I, Scagnet M, Genitori L, Caporalini C. Pediatric High Grade Glioma Classification Criteria and Molecular Features of a Case Series. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040624. [PMID: 35456430 PMCID: PMC9028123 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) encompass a heterogeneous group of tumors. Three main molecular types (H3.3 mutant, IDH mutant, and H3.3/IDH wild-type) and a number of subtypes have been identified. We provide an overview of pHGGs and present a mono-institutional series. We studied eleven non-related pHGG samples through a combined approach of routine diagnostic tools and a gene panel. TP53 and H3F3A were the most mutated genes (six patients each, 54%). The third most mutated gene was EGFR (three patients, 27%), followed by PDGFRA and PTEN (two patients each, 18%). Variants in the EZHIP, MSH2, IDH1, IDH2, TERT, HRAS, NF1, BRAF, ATRX, and PIK3CA genes were relatively infrequent (one patient each, 9%). In one case, gene panel analysis documented the presence of a pathogenic IDH2 variant (c.419G>A, p.Arg140Gln) never described in gliomas. More than one-third of patients carry a variant in a gene associated with tumor-predisposing syndromes. The absence of constitutional DNA did not allow us to identify their constitutional origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Buccoliero
- Pathology Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Giunti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Selene Moscardi
- Pathology Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Aldesia Provenzano
- Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Mirko Scagnet
- Neurosurgery Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Neurosurgery Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Chiara Caporalini
- Pathology Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (C.C.)
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16
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Comba A, Faisal SM, Varela ML, Hollon T, Al-Holou WN, Umemura Y, Nunez FJ, Motsch S, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Uncovering Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of High-Grade Gliomas: From Disease Biology to Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703764. [PMID: 34422657 PMCID: PMC8377724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Rapid tumor growth and diffuse infiltration into healthy brain tissue, along with high intratumoral heterogeneity, challenge therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. A better understanding of spatiotemporal tumor heterogeneity at the histological, cellular, molecular, and dynamic levels would accelerate the development of novel treatments for this devastating brain cancer. Histologically, GBM is characterized by nuclear atypia, cellular pleomorphism, necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and pseudopalisades. At the cellular level, the glioma microenvironment comprises a heterogeneous landscape of cell populations, including tumor cells, non-transformed/reactive glial and neural cells, immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and stem cells, which support tumor growth and invasion through complex network crosstalk. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of gliomas have revealed significant inter and intratumoral heterogeneity and insights into their molecular pathogenesis. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that diverse dynamics of collective motion patterns exist in glioma tumors, which correlate with histological features. We hypothesize that glioma heterogeneity is not stochastic, but rather arises from organized and dynamic attributes, which favor glioma malignancy and influences treatment regimens. This review highlights the importance of an integrative approach of glioma histopathological features, single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomic and cellular dynamics to understand tumor heterogeneity and maximize therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Comba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Syed M Faisal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Todd Hollon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yoshie Umemura
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Felipe J Nunez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastien Motsch
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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17
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Picart T, Barritault M, Poncet D, Berner LP, Izquierdo C, Tabouret E, Figarella-Branger D, Idbaïh A, Bielle F, Bourg V, Vandenbos FB, Moyal ECJ, Uro-Coste E, Guyotat J, Honnorat J, Gabut M, Meyronet D, Ducray F. Characteristics of diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant in adults. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab061. [PMID: 34056608 PMCID: PMC8156974 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant (DHG H3G34-mutant) constitute a distinct type of aggressive brain tumors. Although initially described in children, they can also affect adults. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of DHG H3G34-mutant in adults and to compare them to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. Methods The characteristics of 17 adult DHG H3G34-mutant, 32 H3.3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), 100 IDH-wildtype, and 36 IDH-mutant glioblastomas were retrospectively analyzed. Results Median age at diagnosis in adult DHG H3G34-mutant was 25 years (range: 19–33). All tumors were hemispheric. For 9 patients (56%), absent or faint contrast enhancement initially suggested another diagnosis than a high-grade glioma, and diffusion-weighted imaging seemed retrospectively more helpful to suspect an aggressive tumor than MR-spectroscopy and perfusion MRI. All cases were IDH-wildtype. Most cases were immunonegative for ATRX (93%) and Olig2 (100%) and exhibited MGMT promoter methylation (82%). The clinical and radiological presentations of adult DHG H3G34-mutant were different from those of established types of adult grade IV gliomas. Median overall survival of adult DHG H3G34-mutant was 12.4 months compared to 19.6 months (P = .56), 11.7 months (P = .45), and 50.5 months (P = .006) in H3.3 K27M-mutant DMG, IDH-wildtype, and IDH-mutant glioblastomas, respectively. Conclusions Adult DHG H3G34-mutant are associated with distinct characteristics compared to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. This study supports considering these tumors as a new type of WHO grade IV glioma in future classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiébaud Picart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marc Barritault
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Delphine Poncet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Signaling, metabolism and tumor progression Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Lise-Prune Berner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Department of Neuroscience Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Emeline Tabouret
- Department of Neurooncology, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7051, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaïh
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Department of Neuropathology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Université Paris 06 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Burel Vandenbos
- Department of Neuropathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France.,Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud/Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherches contre le Cancer de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanelle Uro-Coste
- Centre de Recherches contre le Cancer de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène - Equipe Synaptopathies et autoanticorps, INSERM U1217 / UMR CNRS 5310, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Gabut
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - François Ducray
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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18
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Lowe BR, Yadav RK, Henry RA, Schreiner P, Matsuda A, Fernandez AG, Finkelstein D, Campbell M, Kallappagoudar S, Jablonowski CM, Andrews AJ, Hiraoka Y, Partridge JF. Surprising phenotypic diversity of cancer-associated mutations of Gly 34 in the histone H3 tail. eLife 2021; 10:e65369. [PMID: 33522486 PMCID: PMC7872514 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of cancer genomes has identified recurrent somatic mutations in histones, termed oncohistones, which are frequently poorly understood. Previously we showed that fission yeast expressing only the H3.3G34R mutant identified in aggressive pediatric glioma had reduced H3K36 trimethylation and acetylation, increased genomic instability and replicative stress, and defective homology-dependent DNA damage repair. Here we show that surprisingly distinct phenotypes result from G34V (also in glioma) and G34W (giant cell tumors of bone) mutations, differentially affecting H3K36 modifications, subtelomeric silencing, genomic stability; sensitivity to irradiation, alkylating agents, and hydroxyurea; and influencing DNA repair. In cancer, only 1 of 30 alleles encoding H3 is mutated. Whilst co-expression of wild-type H3 rescues most G34 mutant phenotypes, G34R causes dominant hydroxyurea sensitivity, homologous recombination defects, and dominant subtelomeric silencing. Together, these studies demonstrate the complexity associated with different substitutions at even a single residue in H3 and highlight the utility of genetically tractable systems for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Lowe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Ryan A Henry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Patrick Schreiner
- Department of Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyKobeJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Alfonso G Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Margaret Campbell
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | | | | | - Andrew J Andrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyKobeJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
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19
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Evaluating H3F3A K27M and G34R/V somatic mutations in a cohort of pediatric brain tumors of different and rare histologies. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:375-382. [PMID: 32766947 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic mutations on H3 histone are currently considered a genetic hallmark for midline pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Yet, different tumor histologies have been occasionally described to carry these mutations. Since histone modifications can lead to major epigenetic changes with direct impact on prognosis and treatment, we thought to investigate the occurrence of H3F3A K27M and G34R/V mutations in a cohort of pediatric tumors which included HGGs, low-grade gliomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and a series of rare brain tumor lesions of different histologies. METHODS A total of 82 fresh-frozen pediatric brain tumor samples were evaluated. PCR or RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing for the exon 2 of H3F3A (containing both K27 and G34 hotspots) were obtained and aligned to human genome. Loss of trimethylation mark (H3K27me3) in H3F3A/K27M-mutant samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found H3F3A/K27M mutation in 2 out of 9 cases of HGGs; no H3F3A/K27M mutations were detected in low-grade gliomas (27), ependymomas (n = 10), medulloblastomas (n = 21), or a series of rare pediatric brain tumors which included meningiomas, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs), central nervous system (CNS) germ-cell tumors, choroid plexus tumors, cortical hamartoma, subcortical tubers, and schwannomas (n = 15). H3F3A/G34R/V mutation was not observed in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation reinforces the low frequency of H3F3A somatic mutations outside the HGG setting. Interestingly, an atypical focal brainstem glioma carrying H3F3A K27M mutation that showed protracted clinical course with late-onset tumor progression was identified.
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Histone H3G34 Mutation in Brain and Bone Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33155138 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8104-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
H3G34 mutations occur in both pediatric non-brainstem high-grade gliomas (G34R/V) and giant cell tumors of bone (G34W/L). Glioblastoma patients with G34R/V mutation have a generally adverse prognosis, whereas giant cell tumors of bone are rarely metastatic benign tumors. G34 mutations possibly disrupt the epigenome by altering H3K36 modifications, which may involve attenuating the function of SETD2 at methyltransferase. H3K36 methylation change may further lead to genomic instability, dysregulated gene expression pattern, and more mutations. In this chapter, we summarize the pathological features of each mutation type in its respective cancer, as well as the potential mechanism of their disruption on the epigenome and genomic instability. Understanding each mutation type would provide a thorough background for a thorough understanding of the cancers and would bring new insights for future investigations and the development of new precise therapies.
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Histone Lysine-to-Methionine Mutation as Anticancer Drug Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1283:85-96. [PMID: 33155140 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8104-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Histone modification stands for a vital genetic information form, which shows tight correlation with the modulation of normal physiological activities by genes. Abnormal regulation of histone methylation due to histone modification enzyme changes and histone mutations plays an important role in the development of cancer. Histone mutations, especially H3K27M and H3K36M, have been identified in various cancers such as pediatric DIPG (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma) and chondroblastoma respectively. "K to M" mutation results overall downregulation of methylation on these lysine residues. Also, "K to M" mutant histones can inhibit the enzymatic activity of the responsible HMT (histone methyltransferase); for instance, SETD2 indicates H3K36 methylation, and Ezh2 represents H3K27 methylation. In-depth analysis of the mechanism of tumor formation triggered by the K to M mutation results in possible targeted therapies. This chapter is going to briefly introduce the mechanism of histone lysine-to-methionine mutation and review the recently identified targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Georgescu MM, Islam MZ, Li Y, Circu ML, Traylor J, Notarianni CM, Kline CN, Burns DK. Global activation of oncogenic pathways underlies therapy resistance in diffuse midline glioma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:111. [PMID: 32680567 PMCID: PMC7367358 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are aggressive pediatric brain tumors with dismal prognosis due to therapy-resistant tumor growth and invasion. We performed the first integrated histologic/genomic/proteomic analysis of 21 foci from three pontine DMG cases with supratentorial dissemination. Histone H3.3-K27M was the driver mutation, usually at high variant allele fraction due to recurrent chromosome 1q copy number gain, in combination with germline variants in ATM, FANCM and MYCN genes. Both previously reported and novel recurrent copy number variations and somatic pathogenic mutations in chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response and PI3K/MAPK growth pathways were variably detected, either in multiple or isolated foci. Proteomic analysis showed global upregulation of histone H3, lack of H3-K27 trimethylation, and further impairment of polycomb repressive complex 2 by ASXL1 downregulation. Activation of oncogenic pathways resulted from combined upregulation of N-MYC, SOX2, p65/p50 NF-κB and STAT3 transcription factors, EGFR, FGFR2, PDGFRα/β receptor tyrosine kinases, and downregulation of PHLPP1/2, PTEN and p16/INK4A tumor suppressors. Upregulation of SMAD4, PAI-1, CD44, and c-SRC in multiple foci most likely contributed to invasiveness. This integrated comprehensive analysis revealed a complex spatiotemporal evolution in diffuse intrisic pontine glioma, recommending pontine and cerebellar biopsies for accurate populational genetic characterization, and delineated common signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets. It also revealed an unsuspected activation of a multitude of oncogenic pathways, including cancer cell reprogramming, explaining the resistance of DMG to current therapies.
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Mosaab A, El-Ayadi M, Khorshed EN, Amer N, Refaat A, El-Beltagy M, Hassan Z, Soror SH, Zaghloul MS, El-Naggar S. Histone H3K27M Mutation Overrides Histological Grading in Pediatric Gliomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8368. [PMID: 32433577 PMCID: PMC7239884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) are rare aggressive tumors that present a prognostic and therapeutic challenge. Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant is a new entity introduced to HGG in the latest WHO classification. In this study we evaluated the presence of H3K27M mutation in 105 tumor samples histologically classified into low-grade gliomas (LGG) (n = 45), and HGG (n = 60). Samples were screened for the mutation in histone H3.3 and H3.1 variants to examine its prevalence, prognostic impact, and assess its potential clinical value in limited resource settings. H3K27M mutation was detected in 28 of 105 (26.7%) samples, and its distribution was significantly associated with midline locations (p-value < 0.0001) and HGG (p-value = 0.003). Overall and event- free survival (OS and EFS, respectively) of patients with mutant tumors did not differ significantly, neither according to histologic grade (OS p-value = 0.736, EFS p-value = 0.75) nor across anatomical sites (OS p-value = 0.068, EFS p-value = 0.153). Detection of H3K27M mutation in pediatric gliomas provides more precise risk stratification compared to traditional histopathological techniques. Hence, mutation detection should be pursued in all pediatric gliomas. Meanwhile, focusing on midline LGG can be an alternative in lower-middle-income countries to maximally optimize patients' treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mosaab
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Tumor Biology Research Program, Research Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moatasem El-Ayadi
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cairo, Egypt
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman N Khorshed
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Department of Surgical Pathology, Cairo, Egypt
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Department of Surgical Pathology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Amer
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Tumor Biology Research Program, Research Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Refaat
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Department of Radiology, Cairo, Egypt
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Department of Radiology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Beltagy
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Soror
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saad Zaghloul
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Department of Radiotherapy, Cairo, Egypt
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Department of Radiotherapy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahenda El-Naggar
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Tumor Biology Research Program, Research Department, Cairo, Egypt.
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The therapeutic potential of Aurora kinases targeting in glioblastoma: from preclinical research to translational oncology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:495-512. [PMID: 32219470 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common aggressive primary brain tumor. Standard care includes maximal safe surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. However, the impact of this therapeutic approach on patient survival is disappointing and poor outcomes are frequently observed. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are needed to treat this potentially deadly tumor. Aurora kinases are one of today's most sought-after classes of therapeutic targets to glioblastoma therapy. They are a family of proteins composed of three members: Aurora-A, Aurora-B, and Aurora-C that play different roles in the cell division through regulation of chromosome segregation. Deregulation of these genes has been reported in glioblastoma and a progressive number of studies have shown that inhibition of these proteins could be a promising strategy for the treatment of this tumor. This review discusses the preclinical and early clinical findings on the potential use of the Aurora kinases as new targets for the treatment of glioblastoma. KEY MESSAGES: GBM is a very aggressive tumor with limited therapeutic options. Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases implicated in GBM pathology. Aurora kinases are critical for glioblastoma cell growth, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Inhibition of Aurora kinases has a synergistic or sensitizing effect with chemotherapy drugs, radiotherapy, or with other targeted molecules in GBM. Several Aurora kinase inhibitors are currently in clinical trials.
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25
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Yekula A, Gupta M, Coley N, U HS. Adult H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma with gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 68:124-128. [PMID: 32145563 PMCID: PMC7058855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma is a recently classified unique entity predominantly affecting pediatric patients and rarely adults. The clinicopathologic features in adults remain poorly characterized. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 36-year-old man presented with subacute progressive cognitive and visual deterioration, and hydrocephalus requiring ventricular shunting. MRI revealed a diffusely infiltrating lesion with a gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern, multiple foci of contrast enhancement, and diffuse leptomeningeal involvement. Suboccipital craniotomy with exploration of the posterior fossa revealed a subtle capsular lesion infiltrating into the choroid plexus. Although histologically low-grade, the tumor was found to have an H3K27 M mutation establishing the diagnosis. DISCUSSION In spite of diverse clinicopathologic characteristics, H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas are incurable, WHO grade IV lesions with poor prognosis. We discuss our case in the context of a review of published reports of H3K27-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in adults. Findings late in the disease course may mimic inflammatory or infectious pathologies radiographically, and low-grade infiltrative neoplasms histologically. CONCLUSION The diverse clinical, radiographic and molecular features of H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in adults remain to be completely characterized. A high index of suspicion is required to avoid missing the diagnosis. Early biopsy and detailed molecular characterization are critical for accurate diagnosis and patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Richard B. Simches Building 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
| | - Mihir Gupta
- Departments of Neurosurgery, UCSD Health, 9300 Campus Point Drive #MC7893, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1300, United States.
| | - Nicholas Coley
- Departments of Neuropathology, University of California, UCSD Health, 9300 Campus Point Drive #MC7893, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1300, United States.
| | - Hoi Sang U
- Departments of Neurosurgery, UCSD Health, 9300 Campus Point Drive #MC7893, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1300, United States.
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26
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Long M, Sun X, Shi W, Yanru A, Leung STC, Ding D, Cheema MS, MacPherson N, Nelson CJ, Ausio J, Yan Y, Ishibashi T. A novel histone H4 variant H4G regulates rDNA transcription in breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8399-8409. [PMID: 31219579 PMCID: PMC6895281 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone variants, present in various cell types and tissues, are known to exhibit different functions. For example, histone H3.3 and H2A.Z are both involved in gene expression regulation, whereas H2A.X is a specific variant that responds to DNA double-strand breaks. In this study, we characterized H4G, a novel hominidae-specific histone H4 variant. We found that H4G is expressed in a variety of human cell lines and exhibit tumor-stage dependent overexpression in tissues from breast cancer patients. We found that H4G localized primarily to the nucleoli of the cell nucleus. This localization was controlled by the interaction of the alpha-helix 3 of the histone fold motif with a histone chaperone, nucleophosmin 1. In addition, we found that modulating H4G expression affects rRNA expression levels, protein synthesis rates and cell-cycle progression. Our data suggest that H4G expression alters nucleolar chromatin in a way that enhances rDNA transcription in breast cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Long
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Xulun Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Wenjin Shi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - An Yanru
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Sophia T C Leung
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Dongbo Ding
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Manjinder S Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Nicol MacPherson
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Juan Ausio
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Yan Yan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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Lowe BR, Maxham LA, Hamey JJ, Wilkins MR, Partridge JF. Histone H3 Mutations: An Updated View of Their Role in Chromatin Deregulation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E660. [PMID: 31086012 PMCID: PMC6562757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the attributes of histone H3 mutants identified in cancer. H3 mutants were first identified in genes encoding H3.3, in pediatric high-grade glioma, and subsequently in chondrosarcomas and giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) in adolescents. The most heavily studied are the lysine to methionine mutants K27M and K36M, which perturb the target site for specific lysine methyltransferases and dominantly perturb methylation of corresponding lysines in other histone H3 proteins. We discuss recent progress in defining the consequences of these mutations on chromatin, including a newly emerging view of the central importance of the disruption of H3K36 modification in many distinct K to M histone mutant cancers. We also review new work exploring the role of H3.3 G34 mutants identified in pediatric glioma and GCTB. G34 is not itself post-translationally modified, but G34 mutation impinges on the modification of H3K36. Here, we ask if G34R mutation generates a new site for methylation on the histone tail. Finally, we consider evidence indicating that histone mutations might be more widespread in cancer than previously thought, and if the perceived bias towards mutation of H3.3 is real or reflects the biology of tumors in which the histone mutants were first identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Lowe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Lily A Maxham
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Joshua J Hamey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
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Creasy CL. Untangling the role of mutant histone H3 in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Nat Med 2019; 23:413-414. [PMID: 28388610 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caretha L Creasy
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cancer Epigenetics, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
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Koosha S, Mohamed Z, Sinniah A, Alshawsh MA. Investigation into the Molecular Mechanisms underlying the Anti-proliferative and Anti-tumorigenesis activities of Diosmetin against HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5148. [PMID: 30914796 PMCID: PMC6435658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin (Dis) is a bioflavonoid with cytotoxicity properties against variety of cancer cells including hepatocarcinoma, breast and colorectal (CRC) cancer. The exact mechanism by which Dis acts against CRC however, still remains unclear, hence in this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Dis in CRC cell line, HCT-116. Here, we monitored the viability of HCT-116 cells in the presence of Dis and investigated the underlying mechanism of Dis against HCT-116 cells at the gene and protein levels using NanoString and proteome profiler array technologies. Findings demonstrated that Dis exhibits greater cytotoxic effects towards HCT-116 CRC cells (IC50 = 3.58 ± 0.58 µg/ml) as compared to the normal colon CCD-841 cells (IC50 = 51.95 ± 0.11 µg/ml). Arrests of the cells in G2/M phase confirms the occurrence of mitotic disruption via Dis. Activation of apoptosis factors such as Fas and Bax at the gene and protein levels along with the release of Cytochrome C from mitochondria and cleavage of Caspase cascades indicate the presence of turbulence as a result of apoptosis induction in Dis-treated cells. Moreover, NF-ƙB translocation was inhibited in Dis-treated cells. Our results indicate that Dis can target HCT-116 cells through the mitotic disruption and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Koosha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ajantha Sinniah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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30
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hua W, Li Z, Wu B, Liu W. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Thalamic Gliomas: Retrospective Report of 26 Cases. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e1169-e1182. [PMID: 30885860 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thalamic glioma is a type of midline glioma with poor outcomes. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and molecular features of thalamic gliomas in Chinese patients. METHODS The data from 26 patients with thalamic glioma who had undergone surgery at Shanghai Huashan Hospital from January 2011 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Various clinical and molecular factors were evaluated to explore their effects on prognosis. H3K27M mutation status and its association with relevant molecular factors were also investigated. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 38.88 years, and no significant difference was found in sex. The most common initial symptoms were headaches (38.46%; 10 of 26) and motor deficits (30.77%; 8 of 26). The H3K27M mutation was identified in 12 patients, and mutant thalamic glioma showed less frequent O-6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation compared with the wild-type group (P = 0.015; χ1 test). Multivariate analysis showed that the H3K27M mutation was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival. MGMT promoter unmethylation and the TP53 mutation were identified as negative prognostic factors for progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the clinical and molecular characteristics of thalamic glioma in China. Our data have shown the absence of MGMT promoter methylation in H3K27M mutant thalamic glioma, validating it as a hallmark of H3K27M mutant gliomas. In addition, H3K27M mutation was identified as the sole unfavorable prognostic factor on overall survival. MGMT promoter unmethylation and TP53 mutation were identified as independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- GenomiCare Biotechnology Company, Shanghai, China
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Phosphorylated Histone H3 (PHH3) as a Novel Cell Proliferation Marker and Prognosticator for Meningeal Tumors: A Short Review. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:627-631. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Lai X, Deng Z, Guo H, Zhu X, Tu W. HP1α is highly expressed in glioma cells and facilitates cell proliferation and survival. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:453-460. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Mendiratta S, Gatto A, Almouzni G. Histone supply: Multitiered regulation ensures chromatin dynamics throughout the cell cycle. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:39-54. [PMID: 30257851 PMCID: PMC6314538 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendiratta et al. review the interplay between the different regulatory layers that affect the transcription and dynamics of distinct histone H3 variants along the cell cycle. As the building blocks of chromatin, histones are central to establish and maintain particular chromatin states associated with given cell fates. Importantly, histones exist as distinct variants whose expression and incorporation into chromatin are tightly regulated during the cell cycle. During S phase, specialized replicative histone variants ensure the bulk of the chromatinization of the duplicating genome. Other non-replicative histone variants deposited throughout the cell cycle at specific loci use pathways uncoupled from DNA synthesis. Here, we review the particular dynamics of expression, cellular transit, assembly, and disassembly of replicative and non-replicative forms of the histone H3. Beyond the role of histone variants in chromatin dynamics, we review our current knowledge concerning their distinct regulation to control their expression at different levels including transcription, posttranscriptional processing, and protein stability. In light of this unique regulation, we highlight situations where perturbations in histone balance may lead to cellular dysfunction and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mendiratta
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Gatto
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Almouzni
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France .,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3664, Paris, France
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Investigating Pathogenic and Hepatocarcinogenic Mechanisms from Normal Liver to HCC by Constructing Genetic and Epigenetic Networks via Big Genetic and Epigenetic Data Mining and Genome-Wide NGS Data Identification. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:8635329. [PMID: 30344796 PMCID: PMC6174771 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8635329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still high worldwide because liver diseases could develop into HCC. Recent reports indicate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD&NASH) and primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PBC&PSC) are significant of HCC. Therefore, understanding the cellular mechanisms of the pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis from normal liver cells to HCC through NAFLD&NASH or PBC&PSC is a priority to prevent the progression of liver damage and reduce the risk of further complications. By the genetic and epigenetic data mining and the system identification through next-generation sequencing data and its corresponding DNA methylation profiles of liver cells in normal, NAFLD&NASH, PBC&PSC, and HCC patients, we identified the genome-wide real genetic and epigenetic networks (GENs) of normal, NAFLD&NASH, PBC&PSC, and HCC patients. In order to get valuable insight into these identified genome-wide GENs, we then applied a principal network projection method to extract the corresponding core GENs for normal liver cells, NAFLD&NASH, PBC&PSC, and HCC. By comparing the signal transduction pathways involved in the identified core GENs, we found that the hepatocarcinogenesis through NAFLD&NASH was induced through DNA methylation of HIST2H2BE, HSPB1, RPL30, and ALDOB and the regulation of miR-21 and miR-122, and the hepatocarcinogenesis through PBC&PSC was induced through DNA methylation of RPL23A, HIST2H2BE, TIMP1, IGF2, RPL30, and ALDOB and the regulation of miR-29a, miR-21, and miR-122. The genetic and epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis potentially serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Mishra S, Van Rechem C, Pal S, Clarke TL, Chakraborty D, Mahan SD, Black JC, Murphy SE, Lawrence MS, Daniels DL, Whetstine JR. Cross-talk between Lysine-Modifying Enzymes Controls Site-Specific DNA Amplifications. Cell 2018; 174:803-817.e16. [PMID: 30057114 PMCID: PMC6212369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acquired chromosomal DNA amplifications are features of many tumors. Although overexpression and stabilization of the histone H3 lysine 9/36 (H3K9/36) tri-demethylase KDM4A generates transient site-specific copy number gains (TSSGs), additional mechanisms directly controlling site-specific DNA copy gains are not well defined. In this study, we uncover a collection of H3K4-modifying chromatin regulators that function with H3K9 and H3K36 regulators to orchestrate TSSGs. Specifically, the H3K4 tri-demethylase KDM5A and specific COMPASS/KMT2 H3K4 methyltransferases modulate different TSSG loci through H3K4 methylation states and KDM4A recruitment. Furthermore, a distinct chromatin modifier network, MLL1-KDM4B-KDM5B, controls copy number regulation at a specific genomic locus in a KDM4A-independent manner. These pathways comprise an epigenetic addressing system for defining site-specific DNA rereplication and amplifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Mishra
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sangita Pal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Thomas L Clarke
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Damayanti Chakraborty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sarah D Mahan
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Joshua C Black
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sedona E Murphy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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36
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Versano Z, Shany E, Freedman S, Tuval-Kochen L, Leitner M, Paglin S, Toren A, Yalon M. MutT homolog 1 counteracts the effect of anti-neoplastic treatments in adult and pediatric glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27547-27563. [PMID: 29938005 PMCID: PMC6007941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a fatal disease in both adult and pediatric patients, currently has limited treatment options that offer no more than temporary relief. Our experiments with adult and pediatric glioblastoma cell lines showed that radiation induces a dose-dependent increase in the level of MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) - an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates. Similarly, the combination of vorinostat, which is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and ABT-888, which is a PARP-1 inhibitor, enhanced clonogenic death and increased the MTH1 level, relative to each treatment alone. This result suggests that the MTH1 level is directly related to the damage that is inflicted upon the cells, and its activity protects them against anti-neoplastic therapy. Indeed, the MTH1 inhibitor TH588 and MTH1 siRNA increased glioblastoma's response to both radiation and the combination of vorinostat and ABT-888. TH588 also inhibited glioblastoma's capacity for migration and invasion. In normal fibroblasts, low radiation doses and the combination of vorinostat and ABT-888 decreased the level of the enzyme. TH588 did not alter the fibroblasts’ response to radiation and only mildly affected their response to the combination of vorinostat and ABT-888. In summary, the inhibition of MTH1 is required to better realize the therapeutic potential of anti-neoplastic treatments in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Versano
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eitan Shany
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Shany Freedman
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Liron Tuval-Kochen
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moshe Leitner
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Shoshana Paglin
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.,The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
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37
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Bae JM, Won JK, Park SH. Recent Advancement of the Molecular Diagnosis in Pediatric Brain Tumor. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2018; 61:376-385. [PMID: 29742887 PMCID: PMC5957317 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries of brain tumor-related genes and fast advances in genomic testing technologies have led to the era of molecular diagnosis of brain tumor. Molecular profiling of brain tumor became the significant step in the diagnosis, the prediction of prognosis and the treatment of brain tumor. Because traditional molecular testing methods have limitations in time and cost for multiple gene tests, next-generation sequencing technologies are rapidly introduced into clinical practice. Targeted sequencing panels using these technologies have been developed for brain tumors. In this article, focused on pediatric brain tumor, key discoveries of brain tumor-related genes are reviewed and cancer panels used in the molecular profiling of brain tumor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Qiu L, Hu X, Jing Q, Zeng X, Chan KM, Han J. Mechanism of cancer: Oncohistones in action. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:227-236. [PMID: 29804713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncohistones are histones with high-frequency point mutations that are associated with tumorigenesis. Although each histone variant is encoded by multiple genes, a single mutation in one allele of one gene seems to have a dominant effect over global histone H3 methylation level at the relevant amino acid residue. These oncohistones are highly tumor type specific. For example, H3K27M and H3G34V/R mutations occur only in pediatric brain cancers, whereas H3K36M and H3G34W/L have only been found in pediatric bone tumors. H1 mutations also seem to be exclusively linked to lymphomas. In this review, we discuss the occurrence, frequency and potential functional mechanisms of each oncohistone in tumorigenesis of its relevant cancer. We believe that further investigation into the mechanism regarding their tumor type specificity and cancer-related functions will shed new light on their application in cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Jing
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kui-Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Dhar S, Gursoy-Yuzugullu O, Parasuram R, Price BD. The tale of a tail: histone H4 acetylation and the repair of DNA breaks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0284. [PMID: 28847821 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to detect and repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within the complex architecture of the genome requires co-ordination between the DNA repair machinery and chromatin remodelling complexes. This co-ordination is essential to process damaged chromatin and create open chromatin structures which are required for repair. Initially, there is a PARP-dependent recruitment of repressors, including HP1 and several H3K9 methyltransferases, and exchange of histone H2A.Z by the NuA4-Tip60 complex. This creates repressive chromatin at the DSB in which the tail of histone H4 is bound to the acidic patch on the nucleosome surface. These repressor complexes are then removed, allowing rapid acetylation of the H4 tail by Tip60. H4 acetylation blocks interaction between the H4 tail and the acidic patch on adjacent nucleosomes, decreasing inter-nucleosomal interactions and creating open chromatin. Further, the H4 tail is now free to recruit proteins such as 53BP1 to DSBs, a process modulated by H4 acetylation, and provides binding sites for bromodomain proteins, including ZMYND8 and BRD4, which are important for DSB repair. Here, we will discuss how the H4 tail functions as a dynamic hub that can be programmed through acetylation to alter chromatin packing and recruit repair proteins to the break site.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Dhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ozge Gursoy-Yuzugullu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ramya Parasuram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Brendan D Price
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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40
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The β-catenin/CBP-antagonist ICG-001 inhibits pediatric glioma tumorigenicity in a Wnt-independent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27300-27313. [PMID: 28460484 PMCID: PMC5432336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGG) belong to the most aggressive cancers in children with a poor prognosis due to a lack of efficient therapeutic strategies. The β-catenin/Wnt-signaling pathway was shown to hold promising potential as a treatment target in adult high-grade gliomas by abrogating tumor cell invasion and the acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics. Since pedHGG differ from their adult counterparts in genetically and biologically we aimed to investigate the effects of β-catenin/Wnt-signaling pathway-inhibition by the β-catenin/CBP antagonist ICG-001 in pedHGG cell lines. In contrast to adult HGG, pedHGG cells displayed minimal detectable canonical Wnt-signaling activity. Nevertheless, low doses of ICG-001 inhibited cell migration/invasion, tumorsphere- and colony formation, proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo/ovo, suggesting that ICG-001 affects pedHGG tumor cell characteristics independent of β-catenin/Wnt-signaling. RNA-sequencing analyses support a Wnt/β-catenin-independent effect of ICG-001 on target gene transcription, revealing strong effects on genes involved in cellular metabolic/biosynthetic processes and cell cycle progression. Among these, high mRNA expression of cell cycle regulator JDP2 was found to confer a better prognosis for pedHGG patients. In conclusion, ICG-001 might offer an effective treatment option for pedHGG patients functioning to regulate cell phenotype and gene expression programs in absence of Wnt/β-catenin signaling-activity.
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41
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Brandner S, Jaunmuktane Z. Neurological update: gliomas and other primary brain tumours in adults. J Neurol 2018; 265:717-727. [PMID: 29098416 PMCID: PMC5834564 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The emerging understanding of molecular changes in a wide range of brain tumours has led to a significant shift in how these tumours are diagnosed, managed and treated. This article will provide a hands-on overview of the relevant biomarkers and their association with newly defined biological tumour entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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42
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Fang D, Wang H, Zhang Z. Probing the Function of Oncohistones Using Mutant Transgenes and Knock-In Mutations. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1832:339-356. [PMID: 30073537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8663-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, frequent somatic mutations at histone genes have been detected in high grade pediatric brain tumor, chondroblastoma, and giant cell tumor of bone. These mutant histones are also termed oncohistones. Since oncohistone proteins co-exist with wild type histone proteins in cells, it is critically important to understand how they promote tumorigenesis. Here, we describe two methods to analyze the impact of these oncohistones on histone modification and epigenome, including the expression of oncohistone from a transgene and the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock-in specific oncohistone mutations. The methods described are useful for the initial characterization of oncohistones. Other methods such as ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, which analyze the effect of oncohistone mutations genome wide, are not detailed in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Bozkurt SU, Dagcinar A, Tanrikulu B, Comunoglu N, Meydan BC, Ozek M, Oz B. Significance of H3K27M mutation with specific histomorphological features and associated molecular alterations in pediatric high-grade glial tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:107-116. [PMID: 29063957 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) constitute almost 15% of all childhood brain tumors. Recurrent mutations such as H3K27M mutation in H3F3A and HIST1H3B genes encoding histone H3 and its variants were identified in approximately 30% of pediatric glioblastomas. This study aimed to ascertain the morphological and molecular characteristics of pHGGs with H3K27M mutation. METHODS In total, 61 cases of pHGGs (anaplastic astrocytoma, 12; glioblastomas, 49) from four university hospitals were studied. The histomorphological features were examined and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the mutation status of H3K27M, ATRX, IDH1, BRAF V600E, and p53 genes. RESULTS The study comprised 25 females and 36 males (age range, 1-18 years) with a clinical follow-up of up to 108 months. From the total, 31 patients were positive for H3K27M mutation located in the midline, mostly in the pons and thalamus. H3K27M mutation was commonly associated with ATRX loss (32.3%) and p53 (74.2%) immunoreactivity with a co-expression rate of 25.8%. While IDH1 mutation was not detected in pHGGs with H3K27M mutation, BRAFV600E mutation was rarely observed. Among the various histomorphological features, increased number of mitosis, increased Ki-67 proliferation index, and palisading and geographical necrosis along with small cell patterns were significantly associated with the H3K27M wild-type tumors. Focal infarct-like necrosis and pilomyxoid morphology was significantly associated with these tumors. CONCLUSION H3K27M mutation occurs exclusively in pHGGs arising from the midline and presents with varied histomorphological features ranging from low-grade pilomyxoid astrocytoma to highly pleomorphic glioblastoma along with ATRX loss and p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheyla Uyar Bozkurt
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah. Mimar Sinan Cad. No: 41 Ust Kaynarca Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Dagcinar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Tanrikulu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Comunoglu
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B C Meydan
- Department of Pathology, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Ozek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Oz
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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44
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Yamamoto H, Iwasaki T, Yamada Y, Matsumoto Y, Otsuka H, Yoshimoto M, Kohashi K, Taguchi K, Yokoyama R, Nakashima Y, Oda Y. Diagnostic utility of histone H3.3 G34W, G34R, and G34V mutant-specific antibodies for giant cell tumors of bone. Hum Pathol 2017; 73:41-50. [PMID: 29241742 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) are characterized by mononuclear stromal cells and osteoclast-like giant cells; up to 95% have H3F3A gene mutation. The RANKL inhibitor denosumab, when used for the treatment of GCTB, leads to histological changes such as new bone formation and giant cell depletion. Here we assessed the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical staining with the antibodies against histone H3.3 G34W, G34R and G34V mutant proteins for GCTB and other histologically similar bone and joint lesions. H3.3 G34W, G34R and G34V expressions were detected in mononuclear stromal cells in 47/51 (92%), 1/51 (2%) and 3/51 (6%) cases of primary GCTBs, respectively, in a mutually exclusive manner. All recurrent/metastatic GCTBs (n=14), post-denosumab GCTBs (n=8) and secondary malignant GCTBs (n=2) were positive for H3.3 G34W. The immunohistochemical results were essentially correlated with the H3F3A genotype determined by mutation analysis. In post-denosumab GCTBs, H3.3 G34W expression was seen in immature bone-forming cells. H3.3 G34W, G34R and G34V were negative in 121/122 cases of non-GCTB, including chondroblastoma, osteosarcoma, primary aneurysmal bone cyst and other giant cell-rich lesions. The exception was a single case of undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma that was positive for H3.3 G34W, suggesting the possibility of sarcomatous overgrowth of primary malignant GCTB. Therefore, H3.3 G34W/R/V mutant-specific antibodies are useful surrogate markers for the H3F3A genotype and helpful for the diagnosis of GCTB and its variants. The expression of H3.3 G34W mutant protein in post-denosumab GCTB suggests that neoplastic stromal cells may play a role in new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Otsuka
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshimoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 811-1395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yokoyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 811-1395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate of School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
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45
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Golla U, Swagatika S, Chauhan S, Tomar RS. A systematic assessment of chemical, genetic, and epigenetic factors influencing the activity of anticancer drug KP1019 (FFC14A). Oncotarget 2017; 8:98426-98454. [PMID: 29228701 PMCID: PMC5716741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KP1019 ([trans-RuCl4(1H-indazole)2]; FFC14A) is one of the promising ruthenium-based anticancer drugs undergoing clinical trials. Despite the pre-clinical and clinical success of KP1019, the mode of action and various factors capable of modulating its effects are largely unknown. Here, we used transcriptomics and genetic screening approaches in budding yeast model and deciphered various genetic targets and plethora of cellular pathways including cellular signaling, metal homeostasis, vacuolar transport, and lipid homeostasis that are primarily targeted by KP1019. We also demonstrated that KP1019 modulates the effects of TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and induces accumulation of neutral lipids (lipid droplets) in both yeast and HeLa cells. Interestingly, KP1019-mediated effects were found augmented with metal ions (Al3+/Ca2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Mn2+/Na+/Zn2+), and neutralized by Fe2+, antioxidants, osmotic stabilizer, and ethanolamine. Additionally, our comprehensive screening of yeast histone H3/H4 mutant library revealed several histone residues that could significantly modulate the KP1019-induced toxicity. Altogether, our findings in both the yeast and HeLa cells provide molecular insights into mechanisms of action of KP1019 and various factors (chemical/genetic/epigenetic) that can alter the therapeutic efficiency of this clinically important anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendarrao Golla
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Swati Swagatika
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Sakshi Chauhan
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, India
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Germline mutations affecting the histone H4 core cause a developmental syndrome by altering DNA damage response and cell cycle control. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1642-1646. [PMID: 28920961 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covalent modifications of histones have an established role as chromatin effectors, as they control processes such as DNA replication and transcription, and repair or regulate nucleosomal structure. Loss of modifications on histone N tails, whether due to mutations in genes belonging to histone-modifying complexes or mutations directly affecting the histone tails, causes developmental disorders or has a role in tumorigenesis. More recently, modifications affecting the globular histone core have been uncovered as being crucial for DNA repair, pluripotency and oncogenesis. Here we report monoallelic missense mutations affecting lysine 91 in the histone H4 core (H4K91) in three individuals with a syndrome of growth delay, microcephaly and intellectual disability. Expression of the histone H4 mutants in zebrafish embryos recapitulates the developmental anomalies seen in the patients. We show that the histone H4 alterations cause genomic instability, resulting in increased apoptosis and cell cycle progression anomalies during early development. Mechanistically, our findings indicate an important role for the ubiquitination of H4K91 in genomic stability during embryonic development.
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Histologic Spectrum of Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of Bone in Patients 18 Years of Age and Below: A Study of 63 Patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 40:1702-1712. [PMID: 27526293 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the majority of giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone occur in adult patients, occasionally they arise in the pediatric population. In this setting they may be mistaken for tumors more commonly seen in this age group, including osteosarcoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, and chondroblastoma. All cases of primary GCT of the bone arising in patients 18 years and below were retrieved from our institutional archives and examined with emphasis on the evaluation of various morphologic patterns. Clinical/radiologic records were reviewed when available. Analysis for H3F3A/H3F3B mutations was performed in a subset of cases. Sixty-three (of 710) patients treated at our institution for GCT were 18 years of age and below. The following morphologic patterns were identified: fibrosis (31 cases, 49%), reactive-appearing bone (26, 41%), cystic change (7, 11%), foamy histiocytes (6, 10%), secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (3, 5%), and cartilage (2, 3%). Infarct-like necrosis was present in 17 tumors (27%), and the mitotic rate ranged from 0 to 35 mitoses/10 high-power fields (median 5 mitoses/10 high-power field). Follow-up information (n=55; 6 mo to 69.6 y; median, 11.6 y) showed 21 patients with local recurrence (38%) and 2 patients with lung metastasis (4%). Polymerase chain reaction with sequencing showed that 5 of 5 tested cases harbored H3F3A mutations. In summary, GCT arising in the pediatric population is rare, representing 9% of GCTs seen at our institution. The morphologic spectrum of these tumors is broad and similar to that seen in patients above 18 years of age. It is important to recognize that matrix formation may be observed in GCT, including reactive-appearing bone and cartilage, as well as areas of fibrosis mimicking osteoid production, to avoid misclassification as osteosarcoma or other giant cell-rich lesions common in children.
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Yadav RK, Jablonowski CM, Fernandez AG, Lowe BR, Henry RA, Finkelstein D, Barnum KJ, Pidoux AL, Kuo YM, Huang J, O’Connell MJ, Andrews AJ, Onar-Thomas A, Allshire RC, Partridge JF. Histone H3G34R mutation causes replication stress, homologous recombination defects and genomic instability in S. pombe. eLife 2017; 6:e27406. [PMID: 28718400 PMCID: PMC5515577 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent somatic mutations of H3F3A in aggressive pediatric high-grade gliomas generate K27M or G34R/V mutant histone H3.3. H3.3-G34R/V mutants are common in tumors with mutations in p53 and ATRX, an H3.3-specific chromatin remodeler. To gain insight into the role of H3-G34R, we generated fission yeast that express only the mutant histone H3. H3-G34R specifically reduces H3K36 tri-methylation and H3K36 acetylation, and mutants show partial transcriptional overlap with set2 deletions. H3-G34R mutants exhibit genomic instability and increased replication stress, including slowed replication fork restart, although DNA replication checkpoints are functional. H3-G34R mutants are defective for DNA damage repair by homologous recombination (HR), and have altered HR protein dynamics in both damaged and untreated cells. These data suggest H3-G34R slows resolution of HR-mediated repair and that unresolved replication intermediates impair chromosome segregation. This analysis of H3-G34R mutant fission yeast provides mechanistic insight into how G34R mutation may promote genomic instability in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Carolyn M Jablonowski
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Alfonso G Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Brandon R Lowe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Ryan A Henry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Kevin J Barnum
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Alison L Pidoux
- Wellcome Trust School for Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Matthew J O’Connell
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Robin C Allshire
- Wellcome Trust School for Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
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Shi L, Wen H, Shi X. The Histone Variant H3.3 in Transcriptional Regulation and Human Disease. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1934-1945. [PMID: 27894815 PMCID: PMC5446305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone proteins wrap around DNA to form nucleosomes, which further compact into the higher-order structure of chromatin. In addition to the canonical histones, there are also variant histones that often have pivotal roles in regulating chromatin dynamics and in the accessibility of the underlying DNA. H3.3 is the most common non-centromeric variant of histone H3 that differs from the canonical H3 by just 4-5 aa. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of H3.3 in transcriptional regulation and the recent discoveries and molecular mechanisms of H3.3 mutations in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lai X, Deng Z, Guo H, Zhu X, Tu W. HP1α is highly expressed in glioma cells and facilitates cell proliferation and survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28623138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alteration plays critical roles in gliomagenesis by regulating gene expression through modifications of Histones and DNA. Trimethylation of H3K9, an essential repressed transcription mark, and one of its methyltransferase, SUV39H1, are implicated in glioma pathogenesis and progression. We find that the protein level of HP1α, a reader of H3K9me3 is elevated in cultured glioma cell lines and glioma tissues. H3K9me3 is also upregulated. Depletion of HP1α and SUV39H1 weakens glioma cell proliferation capacity and results in apoptosis of cells. Furthermore, we find that HP1α and H3K9me3 are enriched in the FAS and PUMA promoters, which suggests that upregulated HP1α and H3K9me3 contribute to cell survival by suppressing apoptotic activators. These data suggests that up-regulated HP1α and H3K9me3 in glioma cells are functionally associated with glioma pathogenesis and progression and may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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