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Paliulis L, Fabig G, Müller-Reichert T. The X chromosome still has a lot to reveal - revisiting Hermann Henking's work on firebugs. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:287008. [PMID: 36790431 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1891, the existence of an X chromosome was noted for the first time. Hermann Henking was studying spermatocyte divisions of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus and observed that one chromosome behaved differently than all of the rest of the chromosomes. Henking called this chromosome 'Element x'. Henking's discovery of the X element (later called X chromosome) initiated more than a century of fascinating genetics and cell biology, forming the foundation of several avenues of research in biology. His work led to exploration of a number of questions in a wide range of model systems and very soon to the abandonment of the firebug as a model for studies on the behavior of chromosomes in meiosis. Here, we argue that studies on both bivalent and univalent chromosome behavior in general, and work on how to solve chromosome lagging to prevent aneuploidy in particular, should lead us back to using the firebug as a model for error correction during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunar Fabig
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Jonika MM, Alfieri JM, Sylvester T, Buhrow AR, Blackmon H. Why not Y naught. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:75-78. [PMID: 35581478 PMCID: PMC9338309 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Jonika
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James M Alfieri
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Heath Blackmon
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Fabig G, Kiewisz R, Lindow N, Powers JA, Cota V, Quintanilla LJ, Brugués J, Prohaska S, Chu DS, Müller-Reichert T. Male meiotic spindle features that efficiently segregate paired and lagging chromosomes. eLife 2020; 9:50988. [PMID: 32149606 PMCID: PMC7101234 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation during male meiosis is tailored to rapidly generate multitudes of sperm. Little is known about mechanisms that efficiently partition chromosomes to produce sperm. Using live imaging and tomographic reconstructions of spermatocyte meiotic spindles in Caenorhabditis elegans, we find the lagging X chromosome, a distinctive feature of anaphase I in C. elegans males, is due to lack of chromosome pairing. The unpaired chromosome remains tethered to centrosomes by lengthening kinetochore microtubules, which are under tension, suggesting that a ‘tug of war’ reliably resolves lagging. We find spermatocytes exhibit simultaneous pole-to-chromosome shortening (anaphase A) and pole-to-pole elongation (anaphase B). Electron tomography unexpectedly revealed spermatocyte anaphase A does not stem solely from kinetochore microtubule shortening. Instead, movement of autosomes is largely driven by distance change between chromosomes, microtubules, and centrosomes upon tension release during anaphase. Overall, we define novel features that segregate both lagging and paired chromosomes for optimal sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunar Fabig
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Kiewisz
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - James A Powers
- Light Microscopy Imaging Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Vanessa Cota
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, United States
| | - Luis J Quintanilla
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jan Brugués
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Diana S Chu
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, United States
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Felt KD, Lagerman MB, Ravida NA, Qian L, Powers SR, Paliulis LV. Segregation of the amphitelically attached univalent X chromosome in the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2263-2271. [PMID: 28478487 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes combine to form bivalents, which align on the metaphase plate. Homologous chromosomes then separate in anaphase I. Univalent sex chromosomes, on the other hand, are unable to segregate in the same way as homologous chromosomes of bivalents due to their lack of a homologous pairing partner in meiosis I. Here, we studied univalent segregation in a Hemipteran insect: the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius. We determined the chromosome number and sex determination mechanism in our population of P. spumarius and showed that, in male meiosis I, there is a univalent X chromosome. We discovered that the univalent X chromosome in primary spermatocytes forms an amphitelic attachment to the spindle and aligns on the metaphase plate with the autosomes. Interestingly, the X chromosome remains at spindle midzone long after the autosomes have separated. In late anaphase I, the X chromosome initiates movement towards one spindle pole. This movement appears to be correlated with a loss of microtubule connections between the kinetochore of one chromatid and its associated spindle pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Felt
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | | | - Nigel A Ravida
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - Lu Qian
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
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Kanzaki N, Kiontke K, Tanaka R, Hirooka Y, Schwarz A, Müller-Reichert T, Chaudhuri J, Pires-daSilva A. Description of two three-gendered nematode species in the new genus Auanema (Rhabditina) that are models for reproductive mode evolution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11135. [PMID: 28894108 PMCID: PMC5593846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-existence of males, females and hermaphrodites, a rare mating system known as trioecy, has been considered as an evolutionarily transient state. In nematodes, androdioecy (males/hermaphrodites) as found in Caenorhabditis elegans, is thought to have evolved from dioecy (males/females) through a trioecious intermediate. Thus, trioecious species are good models to understand the steps and requirements for the evolution of new mating systems. Here we describe two new species of nematodes with trioecy, Auanema rhodensis and A. freiburgensis. Along with molecular barcodes, we provide a detailed analysis of the morphology of these species, and document it with drawings and light and SEM micrographs. Based on morphological data, these free-living nematodes were assigned to a new genus, Auanema, together with three other species described previously. Auanema species display convergent evolution in some features with parasitic nematodes with complex life cycles, such as the production of few males after outcrossing and the obligatory development of dauers into self-propagating adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kanzaki
- Forest Pathology Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Karin Kiontke
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square E., New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ryusei Tanaka
- Forest Pathology Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.,Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuuri Hirooka
- Forest Pathology Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.,Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Kajino-cho 3-7-2, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Anna Schwarz
- Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jyotiska Chaudhuri
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
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Co-segregation of sex chromosomes in the male black widow spider Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae). Chromosoma 2017; 126:645-654. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Special issue on "recent advances in meiotic chromosome structure, recombination and segregation". Chromosoma 2016; 125:173-5. [PMID: 27022980 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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