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Giovannini E, Roccaro M, Peli A, Bianchini S, Bini C, Pelotti S, Fais P. Medico-legal implications of dog bite injuries: A systematic review. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 352:111849. [PMID: 37783138 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Dog bites pose a significant global public health issue and are the most common type of injury caused by animals. While most dog bites result in minor harm, they can also lead to severe or even fatal consequences. In cases involving serious injury or death, forensic pathologists investigate various aspects, including the crime scene, the injuries sustained by the victim, and the characteristics of the dog suspected to have caused the bite. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on the medical-legal implications of dog bites in forensic practice, in order to recognize the dog bite victim features, the injuries and their consequences related to, and to identify the offending dogs. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1980 to March 2023. Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic medicine about dog bites to humans. A total of 116 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review and they were organized and discussed by issue of interest (biting dog features, dog bite victim features, anatomical distribution of dog bites, injuries related to dog bites, cause of death, bite features, dog identification and post-mortem dog depredation). The findings of this systematic review highlight the importance of bite mark analysis in reconstructing the events leading to the attack and identifying the dog responsible. In medical forensic evaluations of dog bite cases, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial. This approach involves thorough analysis of the crime scene, identification of risk factors, examination of dog characteristics, and assessment of the victim's injuries. By combining expertise from both human and veterinary forensic fields, a comprehensive understanding can be achieved in dog bite cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giovannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mariana Roccaro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolaradi Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolaradi Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Bianchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carla Bini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fais
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Ohta J, Konishi-Kato Y, Minegishi S, Sakurada K. Oral bacterial DNA-based discrimination of human and canine saliva for the analysis of indistinct bite marks. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 54:102566. [PMID: 34332321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing ambiguous bite marks using conventional morphological approaches to identify attackers is difficult; thus, applying molecular biological methods for identifying an attacker from their saliva is a possible approach in a forensic investigation. This study aimed to establish oral bacterial DNA-based human and canine saliva markers and develop a practical method for their discrimination. We considered Streptococcus oralis and Pasteurella canis as human and canine saliva marker candidates, respectively. Duplex bacterial DNA detection using melting curve analysis was designed and evaluated for forensic applicability using proof-of-concept experiments. S. oralis DNA was detected from human saliva samples from 30 out of 30 individuals, and P. canis DNA was detected from canine saliva samples from 73 out of 77 individuals (26 dog breeds). Additionally, both bacterial DNA markers were accurately detected from human blood-contaminated saliva samples and mock indistinct bite marks. Our results indicate that both bacterial DNA markers were sensitive, robust, and discriminating saliva markers. We consider that our duplex bacterial DNA examination is a simple, practical, and useful method for the detection of saliva from indistinct bite marks and discrimination between human and canine saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ohta
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Scientific Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police, 155-1 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0023, Japan.
| | - Yuko Konishi-Kato
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Police Headquarters, 5-4-1, Shimoyamatedo-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8510, Japan
| | - Saki Minegishi
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakurada
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Zhang W, Yang M, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Ding Y, Zhao G, Yin Z, Wang C. Identification of Signatures of Selection by Whole-Genome Resequencing of a Chinese Native Pig. Front Genet 2020; 11:566255. [PMID: 33093844 PMCID: PMC7527633 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genomic signatures of selection that help reveal genetic mechanisms underlying traits in domesticated pigs is of importance. Anqing six-end-white pig (ASP), a representative of the native breeds in China, has many distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. To identify the genomic signatures of selection of the ASP, whole-genome sequencing of 20 ASPs produced 469.01 Gb of sequence data and more than 26 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Combining these data with the available whole genomes of 13 Chinese wild boars, 157 selected regions harboring 48 protein-coding genes were identified by applying the polymorphism levels (θπ) and genetic differentiation (FST) based cross approaches. The genes found to be positively selected in ASP are involved in crucial biological processes such as coat color (MC1R), salivary secretion (STATH), reproduction (SPIRE2, OSBP2, LIMK2, FANCA, and CABS1), olfactory transduction (OR5K4), and growth (NPY1R, NPY5R, and SELENOM). Our research increased the knowledge of ASP phenotype-related genes and help to improve our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and provide valuable genetic resources that enable effective use of pigs in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanlang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guiying Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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Lucena S, Coelho AV, Capela-Silva F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Lamy E. The Effect of Breed, Gender, and Acid Stimulation in Dog Saliva Proteome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7456894. [PMID: 29967784 PMCID: PMC6008695 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7456894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Saliva gained interest as a potential noninvasive source of biomarkers in humans and that interest starts to be extended also to other animal species. For this purpose, the knowledge of the salivary proteome in healthy conditions and the factors that affect it and how they affect it are necessary. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect that gender and breed have in saliva proteome and the changes in it induced by stimulation with acid. Saliva from 4 different purebred dogs (Portuguese Podengo, Greyhound, Rafeiro Alentejano, and Beagle) of both genders was collected without and after stimulation with lemon juice. SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles were compared and the proteins of interest in-gel digested and identified by mass spectrometry. Acid stimulation decreased total protein concentration and the relative amounts of some protein bands/spots. Gender appeared to have minimal effect in saliva proteome, whereas the influence of breed varies. Beagles and Portuguese Podengos were the two breeds with higher differences. In conclusion, stimulation procedures and dog breed should be considered in data analysis when using salivary proteins for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Lucena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7000-083 Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7000-083 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana V. Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernando Capela-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7000-083 Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elsa Lamy
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7000-083 Évora, Portugal
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