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Ikeda Y, Dalton JC, Moseley ML, Gardner KL, Bird TD, Ashizawa T, Seltzer WK, Pandolfo M, Milunsky A, Potter NT, Shoji M, Vincent JB, Day JW, Ranum LPW. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8: molecular genetic comparisons and haplotype analysis of 37 families with ataxia. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:3-16. [PMID: 15152344 PMCID: PMC1182005 DOI: 10.1086/422014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported elsewhere that an untranslated CTG expansion causes the dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8). SCA8 shows a complex inheritance pattern with extremes of incomplete penetrance, in which often only one or two affected individuals are found in a given family. SCA8 expansions have also been found in control chromosomes, indicating that separate genetic or environmental factors increase disease penetrance among SCA8-expansion-carrying patients with ataxia. We describe the molecular genetic features and disease penetrance of 37 different families with SCA8 ataxia from the United States, Canada, Japan, and Mexico. Haplotype analysis using 17 STR markers spanning an approximately 1-Mb region was performed on the families with ataxia, on a group of expansion carriers in the general population, and on psychiatric patients, to clarify the genetic basis of the reduced penetrance and to investigate whether CTG expansions among different populations share a common ancestral background. Two major ancestrally related haplotypes (A and A') were found among white families with ataxia, normal controls, and patients with major psychosis, indicating a common ancestral origin of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic SCA8 expansions among whites. Two additional and distinct haplotypes were found among a group of Japanese families with ataxia (haplotype B) and a Mexican family with ataxia (haplotype C). Our finding that SCA8 expansions on three independently arising haplotypes are found among patients with ataxia and cosegregate with ataxia when multiple family members are affected further supports the direct role of the CTG expansion in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ikeda
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Joline C. Dalton
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Melinda L. Moseley
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Kathy L. Gardner
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - William K. Seltzer
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Aubrey Milunsky
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Nicholas T. Potter
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - John B. Vincent
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - John W. Day
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
| | - Laura P. W. Ranum
- Institute of Human Genetics and Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston; Athena Diagnostics, Worcester, MA; Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels Free University, Brussels; Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Biophysical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan; and Neurogenetics Section, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
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