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Barker S, Paul BD, Pieper AA. Increased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1154. [PMID: 37189772 PMCID: PMC10135798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors frequently suffer from chronically progressive complications, including significantly increased risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease. As advances in neurocritical care increase the number of TBI survivors, the impact and awareness of this problem are growing. The mechanisms by which TBI increases the risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease, however, are not completely understood. As a result, there are no protective treatments for patients. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the epidemiology and potential mechanistic relationships between brain injury and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. In addition to increasing the risk for developing all forms of dementia, the most prominent aging-related neurodegenerative conditions that are accelerated by TBI are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with ALS and FTD being the least well-established. Mechanistic links between TBI and all forms of dementia that are reviewed include oxidative stress, dysregulated proteostasis, and neuroinflammation. Disease-specific mechanistic links with TBI that are reviewed include TAR DNA binding protein 43 and motor cortex lesions in ALS and FTD; alpha-synuclein, dopaminergic cell death, and synergistic toxin exposure in PD; and brain insulin resistance, amyloid beta pathology, and tau pathology in AD. While compelling mechanistic links have been identified, significantly expanded investigation in the field is needed to develop therapies to protect TBI survivors from the increased risk of aging-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barker
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Del Tredici K, Braak H. Neuropathology and neuroanatomy of TDP-43 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:660-671. [PMID: 36069419 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intracellular inclusions consisting of the abnormal TDP-43 protein and its nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization in selected cell types are hallmark pathological features of sALS. Descriptive (histological, morphological), anatomical, and molecular studies all have improved our understanding of the neuropathology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS). This review highlights some of the latest developments in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence exists from experimental models for the prion-like nature of abnormal TDP-43, including a strain-effect, and with the help of neuroimaging-based studies, for spreading of disease along corticofugal connectivities in sALS. Progress has also been made with respect to finding and establishing reliable biomarkers (neurofilament levels, diffusor tensor imaging). SUMMARY The latest findings may help to elucidate the preclinical phase of sALS and to define possible mechanisms for delaying or halting disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Del Tredici
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Rudge JD. A New Hypothesis for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Lipid Invasion Model. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:129-161. [PMID: 35530118 PMCID: PMC9028744 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new hypothesis for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—the lipid invasion model. It argues that AD results from external influx of free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipid-rich lipoproteins into the brain, following disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The lipid invasion model explains how the influx of albumin-bound FFAs via a disrupted BBB induces bioenergetic changes and oxidative stress, stimulates microglia-driven neuroinflammation, and causes anterograde amnesia. It also explains how the influx of external lipoproteins, which are much larger and more lipid-rich, especially more cholesterol-rich, than those normally present in the brain, causes endosomal-lysosomal abnormalities and overproduction of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ). This leads to the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the most well-known hallmarks of AD. The lipid invasion model argues that a key role of the BBB is protecting the brain from external lipid access. It shows how the BBB can be damaged by excess Aβ, as well as by most other known risk factors for AD, including aging, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), and lifestyle factors such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic sleep deprivation, stress, and head injury. The lipid invasion model gives a new rationale for what we already know about AD, explaining its many associated risk factors and neuropathologies, including some that are less well-accounted for in other explanations of AD. It offers new insights and suggests new ways to prevent, detect, and treat this destructive disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D’Arcy Rudge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Dhasmana S, Dhasmana A, Narula AS, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. The panoramic view of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A fatal intricate neurological disorder. Life Sci 2022; 288:120156. [PMID: 34801512 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurological disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. In the United States alone, there are 16,000-20,000 established cases of ALS. The early disease diagnosis is challenging due to many overlapping pathophysiologies with other neurological diseases. The etiology of ALS is unknown; however, it is divided into two categories: familial ALS (fALS) which occurs due to gene mutations & contributes to 5-10% of ALS, and sporadic ALS (sALS) which is due to environmental factors & contributes to 90-95% of ALS. There is still no curative treatment for ALS: palliative care and symptomatic treatment are therefore essential components in the management of these patients. In this review, we provide a panoramic view of ALS, which includes epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiologies, biomarkers, diagnosis, therapeutics (natural, synthetic, gene-based, pharmacological, stem cell, extracellular vesicles, and physical therapy), controversies (in the clinical trials of ALS), the scope of nanomedicine in ALS, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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5
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Impact of comorbidities and co-medication on disease onset and progression in a large German ALS patient group. J Neurol 2020; 267:2130-2141. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Keskin I, Forsgren E, Lehmann M, Andersen PM, Brännström T, Lange DJ, Synofzik M, Nordström U, Zetterström P, Marklund SL, Gilthorpe JD. The molecular pathogenesis of superoxide dismutase 1-linked ALS is promoted by low oxygen tension. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:85-101. [PMID: 30863976 PMCID: PMC6570705 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease pathogenesis is linked to destabilization, disorder and aggregation of the SOD1 protein. However, the non-genetic factors that promote disorder and the subsequent aggregation of SOD1 have not been studied. Mainly located to the reducing cytosol, mature SOD1 contains an oxidized disulfide bond that is important for its stability. Since O2 is required for formation of the bond, we reasoned that low O2 tension might be a risk factor for the pathological changes associated with ALS development. By combining biochemical approaches in an extensive range of genetically distinct patient-derived cell lines, we show that the disulfide bond is an Achilles heel of the SOD1 protein. Culture of patient-derived fibroblasts, astrocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mixed motor neuron and astrocyte cultures (MNACs) under low O2 tensions caused reductive bond cleavage and increases in disordered SOD1. The effects were greatest in cells derived from patients carrying ALS-linked mutations in SOD1. However, significant increases also occurred in wild-type SOD1 in cultures derived from non-disease controls, and patients carrying mutations in other common ALS-linked genes. Compared to fibroblasts, MNACs showed far greater increases in SOD1 disorder and even aggregation of mutant SOD1s, in line with the vulnerability of the motor system to SOD1-mediated neurotoxicity. Our results show for the first time that O2 tension is a principal determinant of SOD1 stability in human patient-derived cells. Furthermore, we provide a mechanism by which non-genetic risk factors for ALS, such as aging and other conditions causing reduced vascular perfusion, could promote disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Keskin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dale J Lange
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Zetterström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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7
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Franz CK, Joshi D, Daley EL, Grant RA, Dalamagkas K, Leung A, Finan JD, Kiskinis E. Impact of traumatic brain injury on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from bedside to bench. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1174-1185. [PMID: 31116639 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00572.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons, which manifests clinically as progressive weakness. Although several epidemiological studies have found an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ALS, there is not a consensus on whether TBI is an ALS risk factor. It may be that it can cause ALS in a subset of susceptible patients, based on a history of repetitive mild TBI and genetic predisposition. This cannot be determined based on clinical observational studies alone. Better preclinical models are necessary to evaluate the effects of TBI on ALS onset and progression. To date, only a small number of preclinical studies have been performed, mainly in the superoxide dismutase 1 transgenic rodents, which, taken together, have mixed results and notable methodological limitations. The more recent incorporation of additional animal models such as Drosophila flies, as well as patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, should facilitate a better understanding of a potential functional interaction between TBI and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K Franz
- Biologics Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Divya Joshi
- Biologics Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth L Daley
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rogan A Grant
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kyriakos Dalamagkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas
| | - Audrey Leung
- Biologics Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John D Finan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Wiesner D, Tar L, Linkus B, Chandrasekar A, Olde Heuvel F, Dupuis L, Tsao W, Wong PC, Ludolph A, Roselli F. Reversible induction of TDP-43 granules in cortical neurons after traumatic injury. Exp Neurol 2017; 299:15-25. [PMID: 28941811 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To determine whether TBI might trigger or exacerbate ALS-relevant pathology, we delivered a mild stab-wound injury to the motor cortex of three different ALS mouse models expressing mutations in SOD1, TDP-43 or FUS and scrutinized the effects on the formation of phospho-TDP-43 (pTDP-43) cytoplasmic granules. Stab-injury induced the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 granules in wt animals, peaking at 3dpi; a much larger response was seen in mutant TDP-43 mice, whose response peaked at 7dpi. The pTDP-43 granules did not colocalize with the stress markers TIAR-1 and FUS but colocalized with FMRP (35%) and with p62 (65%), suggesting their involvement in transport granules and their clearance by autophagy. A similar, albeit smaller effect, was seen in mutant FUS mice. In the SOD1G93A mouse model, neither increase in pTDP-43 granules nor in SOD1 aggregates were detected. In all cases, pTDP-43 granules were cleared and the number of pTDP-43-positive neurons returned to baseline by 40dpi. Neither injury-related neuronal loss nor motor performance or survival was significantly different in transgenic mice receiving injury vs sham mice. Thus, trauma can trigger ALS-related TDP-43 pathology, the extent of which is modulated by ALS-related mutations. However, the pathological findings prove reversible and do not affect disease progression and neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wiesner
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lilla Tar
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Linkus
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes centraux et périphétiques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Tsao
- Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Philip C Wong
- Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany; Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Germany.
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9
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Grolez G, Moreau C, Danel-Brunaud V, Delmaire C, Lopes R, Pradat PF, El Mendili MM, Defebvre L, Devos D. The value of magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:155. [PMID: 27567641 PMCID: PMC5002331 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the motor system. A number of potentially neuroprotective and neurorestorative disease-modifying drugs are currently in clinical development. At present, the evaluation of a drug's clinical efficacy in ALS is based on the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised, motor tests and survival. However, these endpoints are general, variable and late-stage measures of the ALS disease process and thus require the long-term assessment of large cohorts. Hence, there is a need for more sensitive radiological biomarkers. Various sequences for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord have may have value as surrogate biomarkers for use in future clinical trials. Here, we review the MRI findings in ALS, their clinical correlations, and their limitations and potential role as biomarkers. METHODS The PubMed database was screened to identify studies using MRI in ALS. We included general MRI studies with a control group and an ALS group and longitudinal studies even if a control group was lacking. RESULTS A total of 116 studies were analysed with MRI data and clinical correlations. The most disease-sensitive MRI patterns are in motor regions but the brain is more broadly affected. CONCLUSION Despite the existing MRI biomarkers, there is a need for large cohorts with long term MRI and clinical follow-up. MRI assessment could be improved by standardized MRI protocols with multicentre studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Grolez
- Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - C. Moreau
- Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - V. Danel-Brunaud
- Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - C. Delmaire
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - R. Lopes
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - P. F. Pradat
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M. M. El Mendili
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - L. Defebvre
- Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - D. Devos
- Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
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10
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Riva N, Agosta F, Lunetta C, Filippi M, Quattrini A. Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2016; 263:1241-54. [PMID: 27025851 PMCID: PMC4893385 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ALS is a relentlessly progressive and fatal disease, with no curative therapies available to date. Symptomatic and palliative care, provided in a multidisciplinary context, still remains the cornerstone of ALS management. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease has advanced greatly over the past years, giving new hope for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here, we have reviewed the most recent studies that have contributed to improving both clinical management and our understanding of ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Niguarda Ca Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy
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11
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Turner MR, Goldacre R, Talbot K, Goldacre MJ. Cerebrovascular injury as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:244-6. [PMID: 26260352 PMCID: PMC4789816 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use an unbiased method to test a previously reported association between cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolisation and the subsequent development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS A hospital record linkage database was used to create cohorts of individuals coded as having cerebral and peripheral vessel AVMs, stroke (separately for haemorrhagic and ischaemic), transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The rate ratio for subsequent ALS was compared to a reference cohort. RESULTS An increased rate ratio for ALS was found in relation to prior AVM (2.69; p=0.005), all strokes (1.38; p<0.001), and TIA (1.47; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cerebrovascular injury from a variety of causes, rather than the presence of AVM or the associated embolisation procedure per se, may be a risk factor for ALS within the context of a more complex multiple-hit model of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Raph Goldacre
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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12
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Ludolph AC, Brettschneider J. TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - is it a prion disease? Eur J Neurol 2015; 22:753-61. [PMID: 25846565 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating disease characterized by rapidly progressive paresis. The neuropathological hallmark of most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases are neuronal and glial aggregates of phosphorylated 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (pTDP-43). The accumulation of similar proteins into insoluble aggregates is now recognized as a common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases in general. Importantly, many of these proteins such as tau and amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease and α-synuclein in Parkinson's show a stereotypical sequential distribution pattern with progressing disease. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that TDP-43 in ALS may propagate similarly to other neurodegenerative disease proteins. We furthermore delineate similarities and important differences of TDP-43 proteinopathies to prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Smethurst P, Sidle KCL, Hardy J. Review: Prion-like mechanisms of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:578-97. [PMID: 25487060 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal devastating neurodegenerative disorder which predominantly affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The death of the motor neurons in ALS causes subsequent muscle atrophy, paralysis and eventual death. Clinical and biological evidence now demonstrates that ALS has many similarities to prion disease in terms of disease onset, phenotype variability and progressive spread. The pathognomonic ubiquitinated inclusions deposited in the neurons and glial cells in brains and spinal cords of patients with ALS and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions contain aggregated transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), and evidence now suggests that TDP-43 has cellular prion-like properties. The cellular mechanisms of prion protein misfolding and aggregation are thought to be responsible for the characteristics of prion disease. Therefore, there is a strong mechanistic basis for a prion-like behaviour of the TDP-43 protein being responsible for some characteristics of ALS. In this review, we compare the prion-like mechanisms of TDP-43 to the clinical and biological nature of ALS in order to investigate how this protein could be responsible for some of the characteristic properties of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Smethurst
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, UK
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Trojsi F, Caiazzo G, Corbo D, Piccirillo G, Cristillo V, Femiano C, Ferrantino T, Cirillo M, Monsurrò MR, Esposito F, Tedeschi G. Microstructural changes across different clinical milestones of disease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119045. [PMID: 25793718 PMCID: PMC4368555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative process in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been proven to involve several cortical and subcortical brain regions within and beyond motor areas. However, how ALS pathology spreads progressively during disease evolution is still unknown. In this cross-sectional study we investigated 54 ALS patients, divided into 3 subsets according to the clinical stage, and 18 age and sex-matched healthy controls, by using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses. We aimed to identify white (WM) and gray matter (GM) patterns of disease distinctive of each clinical stage, corresponding to specific clinical milestones. ALS cases in stage 2A (i.e., at diagnosis) were characterized by GM and WM impairment of left motor and premotor cortices and brainstem at ponto-mesenchephalic junction. ALS patients in clinical stage 2B (with impairment of two functional regions) exhibited decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) (p<0.001, uncorrected) and increased mean (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) (p<0.001, uncorrected) in the left cerebellar hemisphere and brainstem precerebellar nuclei, as well as in motor areas, while GM atrophy (p<0.001, uncorrected) was detected only in the left inferior frontal gyrus and right cuneus. Finally, ALS patients in stage 3 (with impairment of three functional regions) exhibited decreased FA and increased MD and RD (p<0.05, corrected) within WM underneath bilateral pre and postcentral gyri, corpus callosum midbody, long associative tracts and midbrain, while no significant clusters of GM atrophy were observed. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that the neurodegenerative process propagates along the axonal pathways and develops beyond motor areas from early stages, involving progressively several frontotemporal regions and their afferents and efferents, while the detection of GM atrophy in earlier stages and its disappearance in later stages may be the result of reactive gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM—Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM—Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Corbo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccirillo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Cristillo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Femiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Ferrantino
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM—Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Monsurrò
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM—Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM—Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM—Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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15
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Daneshvar DH, Goldstein LE, Kiernan PT, Stein TD, McKee AC. Post-traumatic neurodegeneration and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 66:81-90. [PMID: 25758552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Concussive and subconcussive forms of closed-head injury due to impact or blast neurotrauma represent the most common types of TBI in civilian and military settings. It is becoming increasingly evident that TBI can lead to persistent, long-term debilitating effects, and in some cases, progressive neurodegeneration and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The epidemiological literature suggests that a single moderate-to-severe TBI may be associated with accelerated neurodegeneration and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or motor neuron disease. However, the pathologic phenotype of these post-traumatic neurodegenerations is largely unknown and there may be pathobiological differences between post-traumatic disease and the corresponding sporadic disorder. By contrast, the pathology of CTE is increasingly well known and is characterized by a distinctive pattern of progressive brain atrophy and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary and glial tangles, dystrophic neurites, 43 kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) neuronal and glial aggregates, microvasculopathy, myelinated axonopathy, neuroinflammation, and white matter degeneration. Clinically, CTE is associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction, memory deficits, and cognitive impairments that begin insidiously and most often progress slowly over decades. Although research on the long-term effects of TBI is advancing quickly, the incidence and prevalence of post-traumatic neurodegeneration and CTE are unknown. Critical knowledge gaps include elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms, identification of genetic risk factors, and clarification of relevant variables-including age at exposure to trauma, history of prior and subsequent head trauma, substance use, gender, stress, and comorbidities-all of which may contribute to risk profiles and the development of post-traumatic neurodegeneration and CTE. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Traumatic Brain Injury'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Daneshvar
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick T Kiernan
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
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