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Li J, Chen K, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang Q, Xia Y, Xie C, Wang X, Tong J, Shen Y. Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:418. [PMID: 37978169 PMCID: PMC10656479 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor expression, which leads to retinal cell apoptosis, nerve proliferation and fundus microvascular disease. However, due to compensatory vascular hyperplasia in the late stage of DR, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascade is activated, resulting in opposite levels of AKT regulation compared with the early stage. Studies have shown that many factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), VEGF and others, can regulate the AKT pathway. Disruption of the insulin pathway decreases AKT activation. IGF-1 downregulation decreases the activation of AKT in DR, which abrogates the neuroprotective effect, upregulates VEGF expression and thus induces neovascularization. Although inhibiting VEGF is the main treatment for neovascularization in DR, excessive inhibition may lead to apoptosis in inner retinal neurons. AKT pathway substrates, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box O (FOXO), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), are a research focus. mTOR inhibitors can delay or prevent retinal microangiopathy, whereas low mTOR activity can decrease retinal protein synthesis. Inactivated AKT fails to inhibit FOXO and thus causes apoptosis. The GSK-3/Nrf2 cascade regulates oxidation and inflammation in DR. NF-κB is activated in diabetic retinas and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Many pathways or vital activities, such as the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, interact with the AKT pathway to influence DR development. Numerous regulatory methods can simultaneously impact the AKT pathway and other pathways, and it is essential to consider both the connections and interactions between these pathways. In this review, we summarize changes in the AKT signaling pathway in DR and targeted drugs based on these potential sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutong Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kaur B, Miglioranza Scavuzzi B, F Abcouwer S, N Zacks D. A simplified protocol to induce hypoxia in a standard incubator: A focus on retinal cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109653. [PMID: 37793495 PMCID: PMC10732591 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia chambers have traditionally been used to induce hypoxia in cell cultures. Cellular responses to hypoxia can also be mimicked with the use of chemicals such as cobalt chloride (CoCl2), which stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor alpha-subunit proteins. In studies of ocular cells using primary cells and cell lines, such as Müller glial cell (MGC) lines, photoreceptor cell lines, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell lines and retinoblastoma cell lines oxygen levels employed in hypoxia chambers range typically between 0.2% and 5% oxygen. For chemical induction of hypoxic response in these cells, the CoCl2 concentrations used typically range from 100 to 600 μM. Here, we describe simplified protocols for stabilizing cellular hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in cell culture using either a hypoxia chamber or CoCl2. In addition, we also provide a detailed methodology to confirm hypoxia induction by the assessment of protein levels of HIF-1α, which accumulates in response to hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we provide a summary of conditions applied in previous studies of ocular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bruna Miglioranza Scavuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP): An Overview of Its Role in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113654. [PMID: 36362439 PMCID: PMC9658893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is one of the dominant senses in humans and eye health is essential to ensure a good quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to identify effective therapeutic candidates to reverse the progression of different ocular pathologies. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a protein involved in the physio-pathological processes of the eye. Noteworthy, is the small peptide derived from ADNP, known as NAP, which shows protective, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the role of ADNP in ocular pathologies, while providing an overview of eye anatomy.
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Vallée A. Curcumin and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in exudative age‑related macular degeneration (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:79. [PMID: 35445729 PMCID: PMC9083851 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural product widely used due to its pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies concerning the effects of curcumin on exudative age‑related macular degeneration (AMD) is currently available. Since ophthalmic diseases, including exudative AMD, have a marked impact on public health, the prevention and therapy of ophthalmic disorders remain of increasing concern. Exudative AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) invading the subretinal space, ultimately enhancing exudation and hemorrhaging. The exudative AMD subtype corresponds to 10 to 15% of cases of macular degeneration; however, the occurrence of this subtype has been reported as the major cause of vision loss and blindness, with the occurrence of CNV being responsible for 80% of the cases with vision loss. In CNV increased expression of VEGF has been observed, stimulated by the overactivation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. The stimulation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway is responsible for the activation of several cellular mechanisms, simultaneously enhancing inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis in numerous diseases, including ophthalmic disorders. Some studies have previously demonstrated the possible advantage of the use of curcumin for the inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. In the present review article, the different mechanisms of curcumin are described concerning its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis in exudative AMD, by interacting with Wnt/β‑catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology-Data-Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
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Wang F, Liu J, Zeng Q, Zhuoga D. Comparative analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression provides insights into adaptation to hypoxia in Tibetan sheep. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6597. [PMID: 35449433 PMCID: PMC9023463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep have lived on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years and have good adaptability to the hypoxic environment and strong disease resistance. However, the molecular mechanism by which Tibetan sheep adapt to this extreme environment, especially the role of genetic regulation, is still unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of a diverse range of biological processes. To explore the potential lncRNAs involved in the adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia of Tibetan sheep, we analysed the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver and lung tissues of sheep using comparative transcriptome analysis between four Tibetan sheep populations (high altitude) and one Hu sheep population (low altitude). The results showed a total of 7848 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA transcripts, and 22,971 DE mRNA transcripts were detected by pairwise comparison. The expression patterns of selected mRNAs and lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results correlated well with the transcriptome data. Moreover, the functional annotation analysis based on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases showed that DE mRNAs and the target genes of the lncRNAs were significantly enriched in organ morphogenesis, response to stimulus, haem binding, the immune system, arginine and proline metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The prediction of mRNA–mRNA and lncRNA–mRNA interaction networks further revealed transcripts potentially involved in adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia, and the hub genes DDX24, PDCD11, EIF4A3, NDUFA11, SART1, PRPF8 and TCONS_00306477, TCONS_00306029, TCONS_00139593, TCONS_00293272, and TCONS_00313398 were selected. Additionally, a set of target genes, PIK3R1, IGF1R, FZD6, IFNB2, ATF3, MB, CYP2B4, PSMD13, and TGFB1, were also identified as candidate genes associated with high-altitude hypoxia adaptation. In conclusion, a collection of novel expressed lncRNAs, a set of target genes and biological pathways known to be relevant for altitude adaptation were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis between Tibetan sheep and Hu sheep. Our results are the first to identify the characterization and expression profile of lncRNAs between Tibetan sheep and Hu sheep and provide insights into the genetic regulation mechanisms by which Tibetan sheep adapt to high-altitude hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,China Agricultural Veterinary Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China.,Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Deqing Zhuoga
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa, 850000, China.
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Qiu C, He C, He T, Shi S, Liu Z. Rivaroxaban Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting FXa-Induced Macrophage M1 Polarization-Mediated Phenotypic Conversion of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:739212. [PMID: 34869643 PMCID: PMC8634446 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Factor Xa (FXa) is a mediator initiating and accelerating atherosclerosis (AS). Both macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) participate in AS progression. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the FXa inhibitor rivaroxaban on AS. Methods: Rivaroxaban was administered to AS mice. Primary macrophages were exposed to FXa, treated with rivaroxaban, and transfected with siRNA silencing protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), delta-like receptor 4 (Dll4), and Akt. Interaction between macrophages and VSMCs was assessed by co-culturing systems. Atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated by oil red O stain. Fluorescent staining was used to determine the cell phenotypes. Secretions of inflammatory cytokines and collagen were assessed by ELISA and Sircol assays. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Results: Rivaroxaban reduced lesion area, accumulation of M1 macrophages, and contractile-synthetic phenotypic conversion of VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaques. FXa exposure induced polarization of macrophages toward M1 and Dll4 high expression, which were inhibited by PAR2, Akt1, and HIF1α silencing. Rivaroxaban treatment inhibited PAR2/Akt/HIF1α signaling activation and Dll4 expression in FXa-exposed macrophages. By cell-to-cell contact, M1 macrophages induced Notch signaling activation in VSMCs which committed contractile-synthetic conversion. Rivaroxaban treatment and Dll4 silencing incapacitated macrophage in inducing phenotypic conversion of VSMCs upon cell-to-cell contact. Conclusion: Rivaroxaban suppresses AS by inhibiting FXa-induced PAR2/Akt/HIF1α signaling activation-mediated macrophage M1 polarization and high Dll4 expression. These macrophages facilitated VSMCs to perform contractile-synthetic phenotypic conversion upon macrophage-VSMCs cell-to-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Chunhui He
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Chen W, He S, Xiang D. Hypoxia-induced retinal pigment epithelium cell-derived bFGF promotes the migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs through regulating TGF-β1/smad2/3 pathway. Gene 2021; 790:145695. [PMID: 33964379 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes the secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which plays an important part in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study preliminarily explored the effect of hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF on the biological functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After cell culture in hypoxia conditions, the cell viability, apoptosis, and the expressions of bFGF and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in human RPEs were detected by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, western blot, RT-qPCR, or ELISA. The HUVECs were transfected with siRNA for bFGF (sibFGF) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (siTGF-β1) and grown in the supernatant RPE under normoxia conditions or hypoxia conditions to further determine the cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and the expressions of TGF-β1, p-smad2/3, and smad2/3 in the cells by performing MTT, transwell, tube formation, Western blot, or RT-qPCR. Hypoxia culture decreased the cell viability and promoted the apoptosis as well as the expressions of bFGF and VEGFA in RPEs. In both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, RPE-derived bFGF increased the cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and the expressions of TGF-β1 and p-smad2/3 in the HUVECs, with hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF showing a stronger effect than bFGF induced by normoxia. However, sibFGF reversed the effects caused by RPE-derived bFGF. Moreover, siTGF-β1 decreased the high cell viability, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs, and downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated (p)-smad2/3 upregulated by hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF. Hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF could promote the migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs through regulating TGF-β1/smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shiping He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, China
| | - Daoman Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée R, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Circadian Rhythms in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Key Role of the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030820. [PMID: 32012797 PMCID: PMC7037737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered as the main worldwide cause of blindness in elderly adults. Exudative AMD type represents 10 to 15% of macular degeneration cases, but is the main cause of vision loss and blindness. Circadian rhythm changes are associated with aging and could further accelerate it. However, the link between circadian rhythms and exudative AMD is not fully understood. Some evidence suggests that dysregulation of circadian functions could be manifestations of diseases or could be risk factors for the development of disease in elderly adults. Biological rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and control several physiological pathways. Recent findings have shown that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms is correlated with exudative AMD. One of the main pathways involved in exudative AMD is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving the circadian expression of genes involved in physiological and metabolic functions. In exudative AMD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhanced by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. Exudative AMD progression is associated with major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, of aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythm dysregulation in exudative AMD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Rodolphe Vallée
- University Hospital Group of Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, University of Paris-13 Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 93000 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
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Malinovskaya NA, Morgun AV, Pisareva NV, Osipova ED, Boytsova EB, Panina YA, Zhukov EL, Medvedeva NN, Salmina AB. Changes in the Permeability and Expression of Markers of the Structural and Functional Integrity of the Blood–Brain Barrier under Early Postnatal Hypoxia in vivo. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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D'Amico AG, Maugeri G, Rasà DM, La Cognata V, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. NAP counteracts hyperglycemia/hypoxia induced retinal pigment epithelial barrier breakdown through modulation of HIFs and VEGF expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1120-1128. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata G. D'Amico
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of LifeSan Raffaele Open University of RomeItaly
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | - Daniela M. Rasà
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | | | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | | | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. PPARγ agonists: Potential treatments for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Life Sci 2017; 188:123-130. [PMID: 28887057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) characterizes the progression of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the deterioration in the central vision. Vascular inflammation, and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and aberrant endothelial cell migration, initiate defective blood vessel proliferation in exudative AMD. CNV formation is initiated by the interplay between inflammation, the hallmark of exudative AMD, and the activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway involves activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and then the Warburg effect to produce lactate. Lactate production generates VEGF expression and then participates to the initiation of CNV in exudative AMD. WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in an opposite manner in several diseases. We focus this review on the interplay between PPARγ and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and the anti-inflammatory role of PPARγ in exudative AMD. In exudative AMD, PPARγ agonists downregulate inflammation and the WNT/β-catenin pathway. PPARγ agonists can appear as promising treatment against the initiation and the progression of CNV in exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI, Futuroscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, France; CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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12
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Jiang Z, Yang J, Dai A, Wang Y, Li W, Xie Z. Ribosome profiling reveals translational regulation of mammalian cells in response to hypoxic stress. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:638. [PMID: 28826393 PMCID: PMC5563900 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells transfer oxygen and nutrients from choroid to the neural retina. Reduced oxygen to RPE perturbs development and functions of blood vessels in retina. Previous efforts of genome-wide studies have been largely focused on transcriptional changes of cells in response to hypoxia. Recently developed ribosome profiling provides an opportunity to study genome-wide translational changes. To gain systemic insights into the transcriptional and translational regulation of cellular in response to hypoxic stress, we used simultaneous RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling on an RPE cells line, ARPE-19, under hypoxia condition. Results Both HIF-1α and EPAS1 (HIF-2α) proteins were stabilized in ARPE-19 under hypoxic stress treatment at 1 h, 2 h and 4 h. Analysis of simultaneous RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling data showed genome-wide gene expression changes at both transcriptional and translational levels. Comparative analysis of ribosome profiling and RNA-seq data revealed that hypoxia induced changes of more genes at the translational than the transcriptional levels. Ribosomes densities at 5′ untranslated region (UTR) significantly increased under hypoxic stress. Interestingly, the increase in ribosome densities at 5′ UTR is positively correlated with the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′ UTR of mRNAs. Conclusion Our results characterized translational profiles of mRNAs for a RPE cell line in response to hypoxia. In particular, uORFs play important roles in the regulation of translation efficiency by affecting ribosomes loading onto mRNAs. This study provides the first attempt to understand translational response of mammalian cells under hypoxic condition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3996-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Retinal Neurobiology Section, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lyons A, Coleman M, Riis S, Favre C, O'Flanagan CH, Zhdanov AV, Papkovsky DB, Hursting SD, O'Connor R. Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16983-16998. [PMID: 28821609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity and metabolic reprogramming influence the phenotype of cancer cells and resistance to targeted therapy. We previously established that an insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-inducible mitochondrial UTP carrier (PNC1/SLC25A33) promotes cell growth. This prompted us to investigate whether IGF signaling is essential for mitochondrial maintenance in cancer cells and whether this contributes to therapy resistance. Here we show that IGF-1 stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in a range of cell lines. In MCF-7 and ZR75.1 breast cancer cells, IGF-1 induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) and PGC-1α-related coactivator (PRC). Suppression of PGC-1β and PRC with siRNA reverses the effects of IGF-1 and disrupts mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential. IGF-1 also induced expression of the redox regulator nuclear factor-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 alias NRF-2). Of note, MCF-7 cells with acquired resistance to an IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) tyrosine kinase inhibitor exhibited reduced expression of PGC-1β, PRC, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, these cells exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by reactive oxygen species expression, reduced expression of the mitophagy mediators BNIP3 and BNIP3L, and impaired mitophagy. In agreement with this, IGF-1 robustly induced BNIP3 accumulation in mitochondria. Other active receptor tyrosine kinases could not compensate for reduced IGF-1R activity in mitochondrial protection, and MCF-7 cells with suppressed IGF-1R activity became highly dependent on glycolysis for survival. We conclude that IGF-1 signaling is essential for sustaining cancer cell viability by stimulating both mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover through BNIP3 induction. This core mitochondrial protective signal is likely to strongly influence responses to therapy and the phenotypic evolution of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lyons
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory and
| | | | | | | | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- the Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400
| | - Alexander V Zhdanov
- Biophysics and Bioanalysis Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland and
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- Biophysics and Bioanalysis Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland and
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- the Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Aerobic Glycolysis Hypothesis Through WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:368-379. [PMID: 28689265 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Inflammatory processes are associated with upregulation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway in exudative AMD. We focus this review on the link between WNT/beta-catenin pathway activation and neovascular progression in exudative AMD through activation of aerobic glycolysis for production of angiogenic factors. Increased WNT/beta-catenin pathway involves hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). WNT/beta-catenin pathway stimulates PI3K/Akt pathway and then HIF-1alpha which activates glycolytic enzymes: glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), and monocarboxylate lactate transporter (MCT-1). This phenomenon is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through the action of LDH-A. In exudative AMD, high level of cytosolic lactate is correlated with increase of VEGF expression, the angiogenic factor of CNV. Photoreceptors in retina cells can metabolize glucose through aerobic glycolysis to protect them against oxidative damage, as cancer cells do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI Futuroscope, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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Zhang YC, Li XM, Yu Z, Shi XL, Li Y, Wang WL. Efficacy of pEgr-1-endostatin combined with ionizing radiation on hypoxic conditions in nude mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1101-1108. [PMID: 28454220 PMCID: PMC5403319 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in a wide range of solid tumors, and is strongly associated with radio-resistance of malignant tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endostatin combined with ionizing radiation (IR) on hypoxic conditions. A total of 24 mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma were divided into three groups. Following injection with pEgr-1-endostatin plasmid for 12 h, the mice in the endostatin-IR-treated group were exposed to 300 cGy/min X-ray for 48 h, and the IR-treated group was exposed to the same condition. Then, the expression of endostatin, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In addition, the tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined by immunohistochemistry analysis of cluster of differentiation 31-positive cells. The results revealed that pEgr-1-endostatin was successfully induced by IR. The level of endostatin messenger RNA in the endostatin-IR-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control and IR-treated groups (F=380.078, P<0.001). Statistical differences were also examined at the protein level by western blotting and ELISA. An obvious increase in MVD was observed in the IR-treated group compared with that in the control group (t=7.040, P<0.001), and a significant decrease in MVD was observed in the endostatin-IR-treated group compared with that in the control group (t=18.153, P<0.001). By comparing the morphology of the tumor vasculature in the three groups, it was noticed that the microvessels in the endostatin-IR-treated group were more regularly distributed and had fewer giant branches than those in the IR-treated group. Further investigation revealed that the expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in the endostatin-IR-treated group were lower compared with those in the control (t=5.339, P=0.001; and t=13.880, P<0.001, respectively) and the IR-treated groups (t=12.930, P<0.001; and t=14.050, P<0.001, respectively). Our findings suggested that endostatin decreased the number of microvessels via the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway, and that pEgr-1-endostatin combined with IR may improve hypoxic conditions and may be a novel approach for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Güntert T, Gassmann M, Ogunshola OO. Temporal Rac1 – HIF-1 crosstalk modulates hypoxic survival of aged neurons. Brain Res 2016; 1642:298-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Liu X, Xie J, Liu Z, Gong Q, Tian R, Su G. Identification and validation of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR analysis of retinal pigment epithelium cells under hypoxia and/or hyperglycemia. Gene 2016; 580:41-6. [PMID: 26772907 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell-based gene expression studies performed under hypoxia and/or hyperglycemia show huge potential for modeling cell responses in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and other retinal diseases. However, normalization of gene expression on RPE cells under those conditions has commonly been done using either GAPDH or β-actin as reference genes without any validation of their expression stability. Therefore, we aimed to establish a suitable set of reference genes for studies on RPE cells cultured under both normal culturing glucose and atmospheric oxygen tension (normoxia, 21%), under a low oxygen tension (hypoxia, 1%), under a high glucose growth medium (25 mmol/l) and under the combination of the two changed conditions above for distinct time points taking together from 24h to 7 days. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied on RNA obtained from a cell line, ARPE-19. Stability of 14 commonly used reference genes was assessed and ranked according to their stability values using the geNorm and NormFinder softwares with the aim to find the most stable expressed gene under all conditions. Our findings confirm that HPRT1, GUSB and PPIA are the most suitable reference genes for RPE cell gene expression experiments subjected to hypoxia and/or hyperglycemia. To emphasize the importance of selecting the most stably expressed reference genes for obtaining reliable results, mRNA expression levels of hypoxia induced factor-1α were analyzed vs the best reference genes, the worst ones and the most commonly used ones. These reference genes gave the most reliable normalization for comparative analyses of gene transcription under those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, #218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jia'nan Xie
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, #218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Zaoxia Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, #218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Gong
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, #218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Rui Tian
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, #218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Guanfang Su
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, #218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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18
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Zeaxanthin inhibits hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion by RPE cells through decreased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factors-1α. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:687386. [PMID: 25688362 PMCID: PMC4320873 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most important stimulus leading to upregulation of VEGF in the retina and this is caused by accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α) protein. The effects of zeaxanthin, a natural phytochemical, on the VEGF and HIF-1α expression in the primary culture of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were studied. An in vitro RPE cell hypoxia model was established by placing cells under 1% oxygen pressure or by adding cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to the culture medium. RPE cells and conditioned media were collected from cultures treated with and without zeaxanthin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. VEGF and HIF-1α protein and RNA levels were measured by ELISA kits and RT-PCR, respectively. Hypoxia caused a significant increase of VEGF expression and accumulation of HIF-1α in RPE cells. Zeaxanthin at 50-150 μM significantly inhibited the expression of VEGF and accumulation of HIF-1α protein caused by hypoxia but did not affect expression of VEGF and HIF-1α under normoxic conditions. This is the first report on the effect of zeaxanthin on VEGF and HIF-1α levels in cultured RPE cells and suggests that zeaxanthin may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of various retinal diseases associated with vascular leakage and neovascularization.
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SHI HENGLIANG, ZHENG BAO, WU YUXUAN, TANG YUAN, WANG LEI, GAO YONG, GONG HUI, DU JIN, YU RUTONG. Ubiquitin ligase Siah1 promotes the migration and invasion of human glioma cells by regulating HIF-1α signaling under hypoxia. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1185-90. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Yang W, Yuan Y, Zong Y, Huang Z, Mai S, Li Y, Qian X, Liu Y, Gao Q. Preliminary study on retinal vascular and oxygen-related changes after long-term silicone oil and foldable capsular vitreous body tamponade. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5272. [PMID: 24920425 PMCID: PMC4053724 DOI: 10.1038/srep05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone oil has been the only long-term vitreous substitute used in the treatment of retinal detachment since 1962 by Cibis. Nevertheless, its effects on retinal vascular morphology and oxygen supply to the retina are ambiguous in current research. We previously invented a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) to use as a new vitreous substitute in the treatment of severe retinal detachment, but its effects on the retinal vessel were unknown. Therefore, in this study, a standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed on the right eye of each rabbit and then silicone oil and FCVB were injected into the vitreous cavity as vitreous substitutes. After 180 days of retention, the retinal vascular morphology did not display any distinct abnormalities, and hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not vary markedly during the observation period in silicone oil tamponade- and FCVB-implanted eyes. This study may suggest that silicone oil and FCVB tamponade in rabbit eyes did not cause retinal vascular pathologic changes or retinal hypoxia for 180 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yongguang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yao Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuyi Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaobing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qianying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Du S, Wang S, Wu Q, Hu J, Li T. Decorin inhibits angiogenic potential of choroid-retinal endothelial cells by downregulating hypoxia-induced Met, Rac1, HIF-1α and VEGF expression in cocultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:151-60. [PMID: 24016866 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the most common causes of severe vision loss. Decorin, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been recently shown to play an important regulatory role in angiogenic response. This study aims to investigate whether the overexpression of decorin in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under hypoxia alters the in vitro angiogenic ability of cocultured choroid-retinal endothelial cells and to explore the possible mechanisms involved. Human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were subjected to hypoxia with or without decorin pretreatment, and RNA interference technique was used to knock down the Met gene in ARPE-19 cells. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Expression of Met, Rac1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was evaluated by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR. We then constructed a recombinant lentiviral vector carrying the decorin gene to transduce ARPE-19 cells. The overexpression of decorin in transduced RPE cells was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot. The transduced RPE cells were then cocultured with rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial cells (RF/6A) in a transwell coculture system to observe the effects of decorin overexpression in ARPE-19 cells on the proliferation, migration and tube formation of RF/6A cells. In response to hypoxia, the VEGF concentrations in the culture supernatants increased greatly at 24 and 48 h, and this effect was inhibited significantly and nearly equally in the presence of 50-200 nM decorin. Decorin pretreatment before hypoxia exposure effectively reduced the hypoxia-induced expression of Met, Rac1, HIF-1α and VEGF in ARPE-19 cells. Transfection of small interfering RNA against Met to ARPE-19 cells also resulted in significant downregulation of Rac1, HIF-1α and VEGF under hypoxia, and this effect was similar to that noted with decorin pretreatment alone or with their combination. Results from the coculture system showed that the overexpression of decorin in ARPE-19 cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of RF/6A cells. These results indicate that Met pathway activation plays an important role in the upregulation of VEGF in RPE cells under hypoxia. Decorin may interfere with angiogenesis by downregulating hypoxia-induced Met, Rac1, HIF-1α and VEGF expression in RPE cells, which suggests a potential strategy for the inhibition of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Fang Y, Yu S, Ma Y, Sun P, Ma D, Ji C, Kong B. Association of Dll4/notch and HIF-1a -VEGF signaling in the angiogenesis of missed abortion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70667. [PMID: 23950980 PMCID: PMC3739820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF have been shown to play an important role during angiogenesis, but there are no data about their roles and association in missed abortion. In this study, we investigated the association of Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF signaling in missed abortion. Methods Women with missed abortion (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 26) were included in the study. Real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR Analyses (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF signaling molecules. The protein level for Dll4 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with induced abortion, the expression of VEGF was statistically reduced while the level of VEGFR1 and Notch1 was significantly up-regulated in missed abortion. Though other molecules (VEGFR2 and Dll4) were marginally higher in missed abortion, no statistical difference was observed. The expression of HIF-1a was significantly up-regulated, and close negatively correlated with VEGF in missed abortion. Both in induced abortion and missed abortion, Dll4 was positively correlated with Notch1. Conclusions The early pregnancy is in a hypoxic environment, this may encourage the angiogenesis, but severe hypoxic may inhibit the angiogenesis. Aberrant Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF signaling may have a role in missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (BK); (DM)
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (BK); (DM)
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Oh JH, Oh J, Togloom A, Kim SW, Huh K. Effects of GinkgobilobaExtract on Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells under Chemical Hypoxia. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:1072-82. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.804093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jin J, Yuan F, Shen MQ, Feng YF, He QL. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates primate choroid-retinal endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation through PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK dependent signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 381:267-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhou X, Liu Z, Shi Q, Jiao J, Bian W, Song X, Mo J, sang B, Xu Y, Qian J, Chao Y, Yu R. Geranylgeranyltransferase I regulates HIF-1α promoting glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. J Neurooncol 2013; 112:365-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Huang XG, Chen YZ, Zhang ZT, Wei YT, Ma HZ, Zhang T, Zhang SC. Rac1 modulates the vitreous-induced plasticity of mesenchymal movement in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:779-87. [PMID: 23331298 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vitreous has been shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation because it induces fibroblast-like morphology, enhanced migration and invasion in retinal pigment epithelial cells in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Rac1 is the principal mediator of cell migration. In the current study, the relationship between Rac1 and cell migration, and invasion in vitreous-transformed retinal pigment epithelial cells was investigated using NSC23766, a specific inhibitor of Rac guanosine-5'-triphosphatase activity, and the involvement of a Rac1 guanosine-5'-triphosphatase-dependent pathway was detected. DESIGN One-way design with multiple levels and repeated measurement design. PARTICIPANTS AND SAMPLES The vitreous humor was collected from 20 healthy donor eyes and the retinal pigment epithelial cells were obtained from 9 healthy donor eyes. METHODS Human low-passage retinal pigment epithelial cells were treated with normal medium or 25% vitreous medium. Rac1 activity was measured using a pull-down assay. The cytotoxicity of NSC23766 was measured using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Cell migration was measured using a wound healing assay. Cell invasion was determined using a transwell invasion assay. Protein expression of Rac1 and phosphorylation of LIM kinase 1 and cofilin were detected by Western blot analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cell migration, invasion, Rac1 activity and phosphorylation of LIM kinase 1 and cofilin. RESULTS Rac1guanosine-5'-triphosphatase was activated in vitreous-transformed retinal pigment epithelial cells. A Rac inhibitor suppressed vitreous-induced migration and invasion in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cofilin phosphorylation was activated by vitreous treatment but blocked by NSC23766. CONCLUSIONS Rac1 mediates vitreous-transformed retinal pigment epithelial cells' plasticity of mesenchymal movement via Rac1 guanosine-5'-triphosphatase-dependent pathways that modulate LIM kinase 1 and cofilin activity. Rac inhibition may be considered a novel treatment for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-gao Huang
- State Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Hainan Eye Hospital, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
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27
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Dong X, Wang YS, Dou GR, Hou HY, Shi YY, Zhang R, Ma K, Wu L, Yao LB, Cai Y, Zhang J. Influence of Dll4 via HIF-1α-VEGF signaling on the angiogenesis of choroidal neovascularization under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18481. [PMID: 21526177 PMCID: PMC3079714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the common pathological basis of
irreversible visual impairment encountered in a variety of chorioretinal
diseases; the pathogenesis of its development is complicated and still
imperfectly understood. Recent studies indicated that delta-like ligand 4
(Dll4), one of the Notch family ligands might participate in the HIF-1α-VEGF
pathway to regulate CNV angiogenesis. But little is known about the influence
and potential mechanism of Dll4/Notch signals on CNV angiogenesis. Real-time
RT-PCR, Western blotting were used to analyze the expression alteration of Dll4,
VEGF and HIF-1α in hypoxic RF/6A cells. Immunofluorescence staining, a
laser-induced rat CNV model and intravitreal injection techniques were used to
confirm the relationships among these molecules in vitro and
in vivo. RPE-RF/6A cell co-culture systems were used to
investigate the effects of Dll4/Notch signals on CNV angiogenesis. We found that
the Dll4 was involved in hypoxia signaling in CNV angiogenesis. Results from the
co-culture system showed that the enhancement of Dll4 expression in RF/6A cells
led to the significantly faster proliferation and stronger tube forming ability,
but inhibited cells migration and invasion across a monolayer of RPE cells in
hypoxic environment, while siRNA-mediated Dll4 silencing caused the opposite
effects. Pharmacological disruption of Notch signaling using gamma-secretase
inhibitor (GSI) produced similar, but not identical effects, to that caused by
the Dll4 siRNA. In addition, the expression of several key molecules involved in
the angiogenesis of CNV was altered in RF/6A cells showing constitutively active
Dll4 expression. These results suggest that Dll4 play an important role in CNV
angiogenesis, which appears to be regulated by HIF-1α and VEGF during the
progression of CNV under hypoxic conditions. Targeting Dll4/Notch signaling may
facilitate further understanding of the mechanisms that underlie CNV
angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Y-SW); (JZ)
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yuan Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of
Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's
Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of
Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's
Republic of China
| | - Li-Bo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of
Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's
Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of
Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's
Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Y-SW); (JZ)
| |
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Inhibition of hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization in mice with short hairpin RNA targeting Rac1, possibly via blockading redox signaling. Exp Eye Res 2011; 92:473-81. [PMID: 21414312 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species are involved in angiogenesis in vitro and regulated by ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). This study has employed vector-based short hairpin RNA targeting Rac1 (Rac1-shRNA) to investigate the inhibitory effect on hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization (RN) in vivo and the underlying mechanism. pSUPER-Rac1-shRNA was intravitreally injected into the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. RN was evaluated by FITC-dextran angiography and quantitated histologically. Expressions of Rac1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. After intravitreal administration of pSUPER-Rac1-shRNA, retinal Rac1 gene expression was reduced by 72% at postnatal day 17 (P17). Retinal flat mount and quantification of the neovascular nuclei demonstrated that RN was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, the expression levels of NF-κB and HIF-1α, the redox-dependent transcription factors, were significantly downregulated. HIF-1α and its downstream gene VEGF were found to be significantly decreased at both transcriptional and translational levels. Our findings not only suggest that Rac1 may be involved in the process of RN in mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy via regulating the redox signaling, but may also provide a novel therapeutic target for hypoxia-induced retinal neovascular diseases.
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29
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Inhibitory efficacy of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α short hairpin RNA plasmid DNA-loaded poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles on choroidal neovascularization in a laser-induced rat model. Gene Ther 2009; 17:338-51. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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