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Jin C, Zong Y. The role of hyaluronan in renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127828. [PMID: 36936902 PMCID: PMC10019822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with high mortality rates worldwide and survival among RCC patients has not improved significantly in the past few years. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of RCC can enable the development of more effective therapeutic strategies against RCC. Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan located in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that has several roles in biology, medicine, and physiological processes, such as tissue homeostasis and angiogenesis. Dysregulated HA and its receptors play important roles in fundamental cellular and molecular biology processes such as cell signaling, immune modulation, tumor progression and angiogenesis. There is emerging evidence that alterations in the production of HA regulate RCC development, thereby acting as important biomarkers as well as specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, targeting HA or combining it with other therapies are promising therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we summarize the available data on the role of abnormal regulation of HA and speculate on its potential as a therapeutic target against RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Jin
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Zong
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Zong,
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2
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Capra J, Härkönen K, Kyykallio H, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Rilla K. Microscopic characterization reveals the diversity of EVs secreted by GFP-HAS3 expressing MCF7 cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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3
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Sánchez N, González-Ramírez MC, Contreras EG, Ubilla A, Li J, Valencia A, Wilson A, Green JBA, Tucker AS, Gaete M. Balance Between Tooth Size and Tooth Number Is Controlled by Hyaluronan. Front Physiol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32982773 PMCID: PMC7476214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the function of proteins and genes has been widely studied during vertebrate development, relatively little work has addressed the role of carbohydrates. Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is an abundant carbohydrate in embryonic tissues and is the main structural component of the extracellular matrix of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. HA is able to absorb large quantities of water and can signal by binding to cell-surface receptors. During organ development and regeneration, HA has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell shape, and migration. Here, we have investigated the function of HA during molar tooth development in mice, in which, similar to humans, new molars sequentially bud off from a pre-existing molar. Using an ex vivo approach, we found that inhibiting HA synthesis in culture leads to a significant increase in proliferation and subsequent size of the developing molar, while the formation of sequential molars was inhibited. By cell shape analysis, we observed that inhibition of HA synthesis caused an elongation and reorientation of the major cell axes, indicating that disruption to cellular orientation and shape may underlie the observed phenotype. Lineage tracing demonstrated the retention of cells in the developing first molar (M1) at the expense of the generation of a second molar (M2). Our results highlight a novel role for HA in controlling proliferation, cell orientation, and migration in the developing tooth, impacting cellular decisions regarding tooth size and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Angélica Ubilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jingjing Li
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anyeli Valencia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeremy B A Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kyykallio H, Oikari S, Bueno Álvez M, Gallardo Dodd CJ, Capra J, Rilla K. The Density and Length of Filopodia Associate with the Activity of Hyaluronan Synthesis in Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071908. [PMID: 32679746 PMCID: PMC7409202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are multifunctional finger-like plasma membrane protrusions with bundles of actin filaments that exist in virtually all cell types. It has been known for some time that hyaluronan synthesis activity induces filopodial growth. However, because of technical challenges in the studies of these slender and fragile structures, no quantitative analyses have been performed so far to indicate their association with hyaluronan synthesis. In this work we comprehensively address the direct quantification of filopodial traits, covering for the first time length and density measurements in a series of human cancer cell lines with variable levels of hyaluronan synthesis. The synthesis and plasma membrane binding of hyaluronan were manipulated with hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) and hyaluronan receptor CD44 overexpression, and treatments with mannose, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), and glucosamine. The results of this work show that the growth of filopodia was associated with the levels of hyaluronan synthesis but was not dependent on CD44 expression. The results confirm the hypothesis that abundance and length of filopodia in cancer cells is associated with the activity of hyaluronan synthesis.
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Jokelainen O, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Tammi M, Mannermaa A, Aaltomaa S, Sironen R, Nykopp TK. Cellular hyaluronan is associated with a poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:686.e11-686.e22. [PMID: 32360171 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyaluronan, a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, can act as an oncogenic component of the tumor microenvironment in many human malignancies. We characterized the hyaluronan content of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and investigated its correlations with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included data from 316 patients that had undergone surgery for RCC in Kuopio University Hospital in 2000 to 2013. The hyaluronan content of surgical tumor samples were histochemically stained with a biotinylated hyaluronan-specific affinity probe. The amount of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was evaluated in each tumor. Kaplan-Meier and univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were performed to estimate the impact of hyaluronan content on overall survival, disease-specific survival, and metastasis-free survival. RESULTS Detectable cellular hyaluronan was associated with higher tumor grades and the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Cellular hyaluronan identified a prognostically unfavourable subgroup among low-grade carcinomas. Multivariate analyses showed that measurable cellular hyaluronan was an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.0; P = 0.039), Disease-specific survival (HR 2.07; 95% CI: 1.2-3.3; P = 0.002), and metastasis-free survival (HR 2.45; 95% CI: 1.37-4.4; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Cellular hyaluronan was significantly associated with unfavourable features and a poor prognosis in RCC. Further studies are needed to investigate the biological mechanism underlying hyaluronan accumulation in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Jokelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Markku Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Aaltomaa
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo K Nykopp
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Czyrnik ED, Wiesehöfer M, Dankert JT, Wennemuth G. The regulation of HAS3 by miR-10b and miR-29a in neuroendocrine transdifferentiated LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:713-718. [PMID: 31948751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer in male worldwide. During neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NETD), PCa cells are able to differentiate into androgen-independent neuroendocrine-like (NE-like) tumor cells, which are associated with reduced survival rates in PCa patients. The molecular processes underlying NETD have not been clarified yet, but miRNAs could play a potential role. MiRNAs are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of their target mRNAs. This study aimed to explore the possible relevance and function of the transmembrane Hyaluronan Synthase 3 (HAS3) and miR-10b as well as miR-29a during NETD. Here, we validated a repression of HAS3 and an induction of miR-10b and miR-29a by quantitative real-time PCR after NETD. HAS3 was predicted as a new target gene for both miRNAs, which was verified by Reporter Gene Assays and Western Blotting. Functional analyses revealed an inhibiting effect of HAS3 on cell proliferation and migration in LNCaP cells, whereas miR-10b showed no impact. Furthermore, HAS3 increased the colony forming ability, while miR-10b diminished it. These results might give a hint on the role of miR-10b and HAS3 during NETD of PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Czyrnik
- Department of Anatomy, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Wiesehöfer
- Department of Anatomy, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw T Dankert
- Department of Anatomy, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department of Anatomy, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Tammi MI, Oikari S, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Rilla K, Auvinen P, Tammi RH. Activated hyaluronan metabolism in the tumor matrix — Causes and consequences. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:147-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rilla K, Mustonen AM, Arasu UT, Härkönen K, Matilainen J, Nieminen P. Extracellular vesicles are integral and functional components of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:201-219. [PMID: 29066152 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small plasma membrane-derived particles released into the extracellular space by virtually all cell types. Recently, EV have received increased interest because of their capability to carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and signaling molecules and to transfer their cargo into the target cells. Less attention has been paid to their role in modifying the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), either directly or indirectly via regulating the ability of target cells to synthesize or degrade matrix molecules. Based on recent results, EV can be considered one of the structural and functional components of the ECM that participate in matrix organization, regulation of cells within it, and in determining the physical properties of soft connective tissues, bone, cartilage and dentin. This review addresses the relevance of EV as specific modulators of the ECM, such as during the assembly and disassembly of the molecular network, signaling through the ECM and formation of niches suitable for tissue regeneration, inflammation and tumor progression. Finally, we assess the potential of these aspects of EV biology to translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Härkönen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Matilainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Infante JR, Korn RL, Rosen LS, LoRusso P, Dychter SS, Zhu J, Maneval DC, Jiang P, Shepard HM, Frost G, Von Hoff DD, Borad MJ, Ramanathan RK. Phase 1 trials of PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:153-161. [PMID: 28949957 PMCID: PMC5785735 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyaluronan accumulation in tumour stroma is associated with reduced survival in preclinical cancer models. PEGPH20 degrades hyaluronan to facilitate tumour access for cancer therapies. Our objective was to assess safety and antitumour activity of PEGPH20 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Methods: In HALO-109-101 (N=14), PEGPH20 was administered intravenously once or twice weekly (0.5 or 50 μg kg−1) or once every 3 weeks (0.5–1.5 μg kg−1). In HALO-109-102 (N=27), PEGPH20 was administered once or twice weekly (0.5–5.0 μg kg−1), with dexamethasone predose and postdose. Results: Dose-limiting toxicities included grade ⩾3 myalgia, arthralgia, and muscle spasms; the maximum tolerated dose was 3.0 μg kg−1 twice weekly. Plasma hyaluronan increased in a dose-dependent manner, achieving steady state by Day 8 in multidose studies. A decrease in tumour hyaluronan level was observed in 5 of the 6 patients with pretreatment and posttreatment tumour biopsies. Exploratory imaging showed changes in tumour perfusion and decreased tumour metabolic activity, consistent with observations in animal models. Conclusions: The tumour stroma has emerging importance in the development of cancer therapeutics. PEGPH20 3.0 μg kg−1 administered twice weekly is feasible in patients with advanced cancers; exploratory analyses indicate antitumour activity supporting further evaluation of PEGPH20 in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Infante
- Early Development Oncology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Ronald L Korn
- Scottsdale Medical Imaging, 9700 N. 91st Suite C-200, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
| | - Lee S Rosen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, 2020 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 600, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | | | - Samuel S Dychter
- Fate Therapeutics, Inc., 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joy Zhu
- SBIO Pte, Ltd., 1 Science Park Road, #05-09, The Capricorn Science Park 2, Singapore, 117 528, Singapore
| | - Daniel C Maneval
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ping Jiang
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - H Michael Shepard
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gregory Frost
- F1 Bioventures LLC, 505 S. Flagler Drive, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Koistinen V, Härkönen K, Kärnä R, Arasu UT, Oikari S, Rilla K. EMT induced by EGF and wounding activates hyaluronan synthesis machinery and EV shedding in rat primary mesothelial cells. Matrix Biol 2016; 63:38-54. [PMID: 28043889 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities. It is composed of simple squamous mesothelial cells that secrete a glycosaminoglycan-rich lubricating fluid between inner organs. One of the most abundant glycosaminoglycans of those fluids is hyaluronan, which is synthesized on a plasma membrane and especially on apical filopodia of cultured cells. Our recent study showed that similar hyaluronan-rich protrusions are found in mesothelial lining in vivo, which suggests that hyaluronan synthesis in plasma membrane protrusions is a general process. However, the mesothelial lining was negative for the hyaluronan receptor CD44 while in many previous studies cultured mesothelial cells have been shown to express CD44. To further explore these findings we induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in primary rat mesothelial cells by EGF-treatment and scratch wounding. Surprisingly, the results showed that at a normal epithelial, confluent stage the mesothelial cells are negative for CD44, but EMT induced by EGF or wounding activates CD44 expression and the whole hyaluronan synthesis machinery. In addition to typical EMT-like morphological changes, the growth of apical filopodia and budding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were induced. In summary, the results of this study show that the activation of hyaluronan synthesis machinery, especially the expression of CD44 is strongly associated with EMT induced by EGF and wounding in mesothelial cells. Moreover, EMT enhances the secretion of EVs that carry CD44 and hyaluronan, which may be important regulators in EV interactions with their targets and ECM remodeling. The results of the present study also suggest that CD44 is a potential marker for EVs, especially those secreted from cells during tissue repair and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Koistinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Härkönen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Kärnä
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Oikari
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Deen AJ, Arasu UT, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Hassinen A, Takabe P, Wojciechowski S, Kärnä R, Rilla K, Kellokumpu S, Tammi R, Tammi M, Oikari S. UDP-sugar substrates of HAS3 regulate its O-GlcNAcylation, intracellular traffic, extracellular shedding and correlate with melanoma progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3183-204. [PMID: 26883802 PMCID: PMC11108457 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan content is a powerful prognostic factor in many cancer types, but the molecular basis of its synthesis in cancer still remains unclear. Hyaluronan synthesis requires the transport of hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) from Golgi to plasma membrane (PM), where the enzymes are activated. For the very first time, the present study demonstrated a rapid recycling of HAS3 between PM and endosomes, controlled by the cytosolic levels of the HAS substrates UDP-GlcUA and UDP-GlcNAc. Depletion of UDP-GlcNAc or UDP-GlcUA shifted the balance towards HAS3 endocytosis, and inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis. In contrast, UDP-GlcNAc surplus suppressed endocytosis and lysosomal decay of HAS3, favoring its retention in PM, stimulating hyaluronan synthesis, and HAS3 shedding in extracellular vesicles. The concentration of UDP-GlcNAc also controlled the level of O-GlcNAc modification of HAS3. Increasing O-GlcNAcylation reproduced the effects of UDP-GlcNAc surplus on HAS3 trafficking, while its suppression showed the opposite effects, indicating that O-GlcNAc signaling is associated to UDP-GlcNAc supply. Importantly, a similar correlation existed between the expression of GFAT1 (the rate limiting enzyme in UDP-GlcNAc synthesis) and hyaluronan content in early and deep human melanomas, suggesting the association of UDP-sugar metabolism in initiation of melanomagenesis. In general, changes in glucose metabolism, realized through UDP-sugar contents and O-GlcNAc signaling, are important in HAS3 trafficking, hyaluronan synthesis, and correlates with melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashik Jawahar Deen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Piia Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Kärnä
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Oikari
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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12
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Cell protrusions induced by hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) resemble mesothelial microvilli and share cytoskeletal features of filopodia. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:179-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Rilla K, Siiskonen H, Tammi M, Tammi R. Hyaluronan-coated extracellular vesicles--a novel link between hyaluronan and cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 123:121-48. [PMID: 25081528 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800092-2.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of hyaluronan (HA) on the plasma membrane is a unique and still partly mysterious way of macromolecular biosynthesis. HA forms pericellular coats around many cell types and accumulates in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of growing and renewing tissues. It is secreted to high concentrations in body fluids with antifriction properties like pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids, but is also detectable in plasma, saliva, and urine. In pathological states, like cancer and inflammation, the amount of HA is increased around cells, in the ECM, and in the body fluids. HA is an indicator of poor prognosis for cancer patients and creates a favorable environment for cellular growth and motility. The recent finding that HA-coated extracellular vesicles act both as a product of HA synthase activity and as special vehicles for HA, and perhaps carry signals important for malignant growth, provides a novel link between HA and cancer. HA could be carried on the surface of these vesicles in tissues and body fluids, creating beneficial environments by itself, or by associated molecules, for the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The HA-coated plasma membrane protrusions and vesicles shed from them are potential biomarkers in cancer and other HA-associated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hanna Siiskonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Kamińska K, Szczylik C, Bielecka ZF, Bartnik E, Porta C, Lian F, Czarnecka AM. The role of the cell-cell interactions in cancer progression. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:283-96. [PMID: 25598217 PMCID: PMC4407603 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of cancer research, scientific investigations are based on analysing differences in the secretome, the proteome, the transcriptome, the expression of cell surface molecules, and the deregulation of signal transduction pathways between neoplastic and normal cells. Accumulating evidence indicates a crucial role in carcinogenesis concerning not only stromal cells but also normal cells from target organs and tissue where tumours emerge. The tumour microenvironment (TME) definitively plays an important role in regulating neighbouring cell behaviour. To date, limited attention has been focused upon interactions between cancer cells and normal cells. This review concentrates on the interactions between stromal and healthy cells from the TME in cancer development. In the article, the authors also describe mutations, genes and proteins expression pattern that are involved in tumour development in target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Anderegg U, Simon JC, Averbeck M. More than just a filler - the role of hyaluronan for skin homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:295-303. [PMID: 24628940 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyaluronan (HA) has become an increasingly attractive substance as a non-immunogenic filler and scaffolding material in cosmetic dermatology. Despite its wide use for skin augmentation and rejuvenation, relatively little is known about the molecular structures and interacting proteins of HA in normal and diseased skin. However, a comprehensive understanding of cutaneous HA homeostasis is required for future the development of HA-based applications for skin regeneration. This review provides an update on HA-based structures, expression, metabolism and its regulation, function and pharmacological targeting of HA in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Accumulation of extracellular hyaluronan by hyaluronan synthase 3 promotes tumor growth and modulates the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:817613. [PMID: 25147816 PMCID: PMC4131462 DOI: 10.1155/2014/817613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive accumulation of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan is found in pancreatic cancer. The role of hyaluronan synthases 2 and 3 (HAS2, 3) was investigated in pancreatic cancer growth and the tumor microenvironment. Overexpression of HAS3 increased hyaluronan synthesis in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo, overexpression of HAS3 led to faster growing xenograft tumors with abundant extracellular hyaluronan accumulation. Treatment with pegylated human recombinant hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) removed extracellular hyaluronan and dramatically decreased the growth rate of BxPC-3 HAS3 tumors compared to parental tumors. PEGPH20 had a weaker effect on HAS2-overexpressing tumors which grew more slowly and contained both extracellular and intracellular hyaluronan. Accumulation of hyaluronan was associated with loss of plasma membrane E-cadherin and accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin, suggesting disruption of adherens junctions. PEGPH20 decreased the amount of nuclear hypoxia-related proteins and induced translocation of E-cadherin and β-catenin to the plasma membrane. Translocation of E-cadherin was also seen in tumors from a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer and in a human non-small cell lung cancer sample from a patient treated with PEGPH20. In conclusion, hyaluronan accumulation by HAS3 favors pancreatic cancer growth, at least in part by decreasing epithelial cell adhesion, and PEGPH20 inhibits these changes and suppresses tumor growth.
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17
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Deen AJ, Rilla K, Oikari S, Kärnä R, Bart G, Häyrinen J, Bathina AR, Ropponen A, Makkonen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI. Rab10-mediated endocytosis of the hyaluronan synthase HAS3 regulates hyaluronan synthesis and cell adhesion to collagen. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8375-89. [PMID: 24509846 PMCID: PMC3961663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) are unique in that they are active only when located in the plasma membrane, where they extrude the growing hyaluronan (HA) directly into cell surface and extracellular space. Therefore, traffic of HAS to/from the plasma membrane is crucial for the synthesis of HA. In this study, we have identified Rab10 GTPase as the first protein known to be involved in the control of this traffic. Rab10 colocalized with HAS3 in intracellular vesicular structures and was co-immunoprecipitated with HAS3 from isolated endosomal vesicles. Rab10 silencing increased the plasma membrane residence of HAS3, resulting in a significant increase of HA secretion and an enlarged cell surface HA coat, whereas Rab10 overexpression suppressed HA synthesis. Rab10 silencing blocked the retrograde traffic of HAS3 from the plasma membrane to early endosomes. The cell surface HA coat impaired cell adhesion to type I collagen, as indicated by recovery of adhesion following hyaluronidase treatment. The data indicate a novel function for Rab10 in reducing cell surface HAS3, suppressing HA synthesis, and facilitating cell adhesion to type I collagen. These are processes important in tissue injury, inflammation, and malignant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanna Oikari
- From the Institutes of Biomedicine
- Clinical Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | - Antti Ropponen
- Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
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18
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Rilla K, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Deen AJ, Koistinen VV, Wojciechowski S, Oikari S, Kärnä R, Bart G, Törrönen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI. Hyaluronan production enhances shedding of plasma membrane-derived microvesicles. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2006-2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Xu W, Hu X, Pan W. Tissue engineering concept in the research of the tumor biology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 13:149-59. [PMID: 23862747 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor is a heterogeneous complex, which lives in a three-dimensional environment flush with biopathophysiological and biomechanical signals. This signaling abundant extracellular milieu co-evolving from cell-cell and cell-host interaction guides the development and the generation of the tumor. There has been a recent surge of interest in studying the tumor biology that more closely mirror what happens in living organisms, especially in cancer research. Incorporating cancer cells in the 3D mimicking environment instead of monolayers is reasonable for maintaining in vivo cancer behaviors in spatial and temporal context. However, 3D culture for cancer still presents a challenge for researchers in this field. Tissue engineering, originally aiming at designing the artificial organs, provided a feasible approach to recreate such complex mechanical and biochemical interplay. Aside from reproducing bionic environment, tissue engineering has been routinely introduced into cancer study to build three dimensional structures not only to develop molecular therapeutics, but also to screen for toxic effects of drugs or radiotherapy sensitivity. In this article, we focused on the recent advances of the well-defined tissue-engineering biomaterials in the application in tumor biology. We also discussed the fabrications of the scaffolds from different materials, which might contribute to future cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009 China.
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20
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Patras KA, Wang NY, Fletcher EM, Cavaco CK, Jimenez A, Garg M, Fierer J, Sheen TR, Rajagopal L, Doran KS. Group B Streptococcus CovR regulation modulates host immune signalling pathways to promote vaginal colonization. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1154-67. [PMID: 23298320 PMCID: PMC3657335 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a frequent commensal organism of the vaginal tract of healthy women. However, GBS can transition to a pathogen in susceptible hosts, but host and microbial factors that contribute to this conversion are not well understood. GBS CovR/S (CsrR/S) is a two component regulatory system that regulates key virulence elements including adherence and toxin production. We performed global transcription profiling of human vaginal epithelial cells exposed to WT, CovR deficient, and toxin deficient strains, and observed that insufficient regulation by CovR and subsequent increased toxin production results in a drastic increase in host inflammatory responses, particularly in cytokine signalling pathways promoted by IL-8 and CXCL2. Additionally, we observed that CovR regulation impacts epithelial cell attachment and intracellular invasion. In our mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization, we further demonstrated that CovR regulation promotes vaginal persistence, as infection with a CovR deficient strainresulted in a heightened host immune response as measured by cytokine production and neutrophil activation. Using CXCr2 KO mice, we determined that this immune alteration occurs, at least in part, via signalling through the CXCL2 receptor. Taken together, we conclude that CovR is an important regulator of GBS vaginal colonization and loss of this regulatory function may contribute to the inflammatory havoc seen during the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Nai-Yu Wang
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Erin M. Fletcher
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Courtney K. Cavaco
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Alyssa Jimenez
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Mansi Garg
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Joshua Fierer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tamsin R. Sheen
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of 10 Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
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21
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. The Histochemistry and Cell Biology compendium: a review of 2012. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 139:815-46. [PMID: 23665922 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The year 2012 was another exciting year for Histochemistry and Cell Biology. Innovations in immunohistochemical techniques and microscopy-based imaging have provided the means for advances in the field of cell biology. Over 130 manuscripts were published in the journal during 2012, representing methodological advancements, pathobiology of disease, and cell and tissue biology. This annual review of the manuscripts published in the previous year in Histochemistry and Cell Biology serves as an abbreviated reference for the readership to quickly peruse and discern trends in the field over the past year. The review has been broadly divided into multiple sections encompassing topics such as method advancements, subcellular components, extracellular matrix, and organ systems. We hope that the creation of this subdivision will serve to guide the reader to a specific topic of interest, while simultaneously providing a concise and easily accessible encapsulation of other topics in the broad area of Histochemistry and Cell Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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22
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Hebert AM, DuBoff B, Casaletto JB, Gladden AB, McClatchey AI. Merlin/ERM proteins establish cortical asymmetry and centrosome position. Genes Dev 2013; 26:2709-23. [PMID: 23249734 DOI: 10.1101/gad.194027.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate asymmetry at the cell cortex underlies cell polarization and asymmetric cell division. Here we demonstrate a novel role for the tumor suppressor Merlin and closely related ERM proteins (Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin) in generating cortical asymmetry in the absence of external cues. Our data reveal that Merlin functions to restrict the cortical distribution of the actin regulator Ezrin, which in turn positions the interphase centrosome in single epithelial cells and three-dimensional organotypic cultures. In the absence of Merlin, ectopic cortical Ezrin yields mispositioned centrosomes, misoriented spindles, and aberrant epithelial architecture. Furthermore, in tumor cells with centrosome amplification, the failure to restrict cortical Ezrin abolishes centrosome clustering, yielding multipolar mitoses. These data uncover fundamental roles for Merlin/ERM proteins in spatiotemporally organizing the cell cortex and suggest that Merlin's role in restricting cortical Ezrin may contribute to tumorigenesis by disrupting cell polarity, spindle orientation, and, potentially, genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Hebert
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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23
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Hyaluronan in cytosol--Microinjection-based probing of its existence and suggested functions. Glycobiology 2012; 23:222-31. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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