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Schrader TA, Carmichael RE, Schrader M. Immunolabeling for Detection of Endogenous and Overexpressed Peroxisomal Proteins in Mammalian Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2643:47-63. [PMID: 36952177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3048-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are dynamic subcellular organelles in mammals, playing essential roles in cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. They perform a wide spectrum of functions in human health and disease, with new roles, mechanisms, and regulatory pathways still being discovered. Recently elucidated biological roles of peroxisomes include as antiviral defense hubs, intracellular signaling platforms, immunomodulators, and protective organelles in sensory cells. Furthermore, peroxisomes are part of a complex inter-organelle interaction network, which involves metabolic cooperation and cross talk via membrane contacts. The detection of endogenous and/or overexpressed proteins within a cell by immunolabelling informs us about the organellar and even sub-organellar localization of both known and putative peroxisomal proteins. In turn, this can be exploited to characterize the effects of experimental manipulations on the morphology, distribution, and/or number of peroxisomes in a cell, which are key properties controlling peroxisome function. Here, we present a protocol used successfully in our laboratory for the immunolabelling of peroxisomal proteins in cultured mammalian cells. We present immunofluorescence and transfection techniques as well as reagents to determine the localization of endogenous and overexpressed peroxisomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A Schrader
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Ruth E Carmichael
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Michael Schrader
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.
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Kamoshita M, Schrader M. Proximity-Ligation Assay to Detect Peroxisome-Organelle Interaction. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2643:135-148. [PMID: 36952183 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3048-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential organelles in mammals, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. They do not function as isolated entities but cooperate and interact with other subcellular organelles, in particular the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. Those interactions are often mediated by membrane contact sites. Tether proteins at those sites bring the organelles in close proximity to facilitate metabolite and lipid transfer as well as organelle communication. There is great interest in the investigation of the physiological functions of peroxisome-organelle contacts and how they are regulated. Here, we present an antibody- and fluorescence-based proximity ligation approach used successfully in our laboratory for the detection and quantification of peroxisome-organelle interactions in cultured mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kamoshita
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael Schrader
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.
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Schrader TA, Carmichael RE, Islinger M, Costello JL, Hacker C, Bonekamp NA, Weishaupt JH, Andersen PM, Schrader M. PEX11β and FIS1 cooperate in peroxisome division independently of mitochondrial fission factor. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275634. [PMID: 35678336 PMCID: PMC9377713 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome membrane dynamics and division are essential to adapt the peroxisomal compartment to cellular needs. The peroxisomal membrane protein PEX11β (also known as PEX11B) and the tail-anchored adaptor proteins FIS1 (mitochondrial fission protein 1) and MFF (mitochondrial fission factor), which recruit the fission GTPase DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1, also known as DNML1) to both peroxisomes and mitochondria, are key factors of peroxisomal division. The current model suggests that MFF is essential for peroxisome division, whereas the role of FIS1 is unclear. Here, we reveal that PEX11β can promote peroxisome division in the absence of MFF in a DRP1- and FIS1-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that MFF permits peroxisome division independently of PEX11β and restores peroxisome morphology in PEX11β-deficient patient cells. Moreover, targeting of PEX11β to mitochondria induces mitochondrial division, indicating the potential for PEX11β to modulate mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings suggest the existence of an alternative, MFF-independent pathway in peroxisome division and report a function for FIS1 in the division of peroxisomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A. Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ruth E. Carmichael
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joseph L. Costello
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Christian Hacker
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Nina A. Bonekamp
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen H. Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter M. Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
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Carmichael RE, Schrader M. Determinants of Peroxisome Membrane Dynamics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:834411. [PMID: 35185625 PMCID: PMC8853631 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.834411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelles within the cell are highly dynamic entities, requiring dramatic morphological changes to support their function and maintenance. As a result, organelle membranes are also highly dynamic, adapting to a range of topologies as the organelle changes shape. In particular, peroxisomes—small, ubiquitous organelles involved in lipid metabolism and reactive oxygen species homeostasis—display a striking plasticity, for example, during the growth and division process by which they proliferate. During this process, the membrane of an existing peroxisome elongates to form a tubule, which then constricts and ultimately undergoes scission to generate new peroxisomes. Dysfunction of this plasticity leads to diseases with developmental and neurological phenotypes, highlighting the importance of peroxisome dynamics for healthy cell function. What controls the dynamics of peroxisomal membranes, and how this influences the dynamics of the peroxisomes themselves, is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we consider how the composition, biophysical properties, and protein-lipid interactions of peroxisomal membranes impacts on their dynamics, and in turn on the biogenesis and function of peroxisomes. In particular, we focus on the effect of the peroxin PEX11 on the peroxisome membrane, and its function as a major regulator of growth and division. Understanding the roles and regulation of peroxisomal membrane dynamics necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing knowledge across a range of model species and a number of fields including lipid biochemistry, biophysics and computational biology. Here, we present an integrated overview of our current understanding of the determinants of peroxisome membrane dynamics, and reflect on the outstanding questions still remaining to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Carmichael
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Azadi AS, Carmichael RE, Kovacs WJ, Koster J, Kors S, Waterham HR, Schrader M. A Functional SMAD2/3 Binding Site in the PEX11β Promoter Identifies a Role for TGFβ in Peroxisome Proliferation in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577637. [PMID: 33195217 PMCID: PMC7644849 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, peroxisomes perform crucial functions in cellular metabolism, signaling and viral defense which are essential to the viability of the organism. Molecular cues triggered by changes in the cellular environment induce a dynamic response in peroxisomes, which manifests itself as a change in peroxisome number, altered enzyme levels and adaptations to the peroxisomal morphology. How the regulation of this process is integrated into the cell's response to different stimuli, including the signaling pathways and factors involved, remains unclear. Here, a cell-based peroxisome proliferation assay has been applied to investigate the ability of different stimuli to induce peroxisome proliferation. We determined that serum stimulation, long-chain fatty acid supplementation and TGFβ application all increase peroxisome elongation, a prerequisite for proliferation. Time-resolved mRNA expression during the peroxisome proliferation cycle revealed a number of peroxins whose expression correlated with peroxisome elongation, including the β isoform of PEX11, but not the α or γ isoforms. An initial map of putative regulatory motif sites in the respective promoters showed a difference between binding sites in PEX11α and PEX11β, suggesting that these genes may be regulated by distinct pathways. A functional SMAD2/3 binding site in PEX11β points to the involvement of the TGFβ signaling pathway in expression of this gene and thus peroxisome proliferation/dynamics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon S Azadi
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Carmichael
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Werner J Kovacs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janet Koster
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Kors
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Schrader
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Tian Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Gao J, Yu H, Guo Y, Jia L. Variant analysis of PEX11B gene from a family with peroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B by whole exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8. [PMID: 31724321 PMCID: PMC6978261 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B (PBD14B) is an autosomal recessive peroxisome biogenesis disorder characterized clinically by mild intellectual disability, congenital cataracts, progressive hearing loss, and polyneuropathy peroxisome biogenesis disorders are genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by biallelic mutations in peroxin (PEX) genes. METHODOLOGY/LABORATORY EXAMINATION DNA of the family was extracted and sequenced by whole exome sequencing. The results were validated with Sanger sequencing analyzed with Bioinformatics software. RESULTS Sequencing result showed that the patient has carried a homozygous variant of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene. The patient's brother has carried a homozygous variant of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene and their variants of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene were inherited, respectively, from his mother and father. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The homozygous variant of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene probably underlie the disease in this child and her brother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinshuang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liting Jia
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Methods of reconstitution to investigate membrane protein function. Methods 2018; 147:126-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Taylor RL, Handley MT, Waller S, Campbell C, Urquhart J, Meynert AM, Ellingford JM, Donnelly D, Wilcox G, Lloyd IC, Mundy H, FitzPatrick DR, Deshpande C, Clayton-Smith J, Black GC. Novel PEX11B Mutations Extend the Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorder 14B Phenotypic Spectrum and Underscore Congenital Cataract as an Early Feature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:594-603. [PMID: 28129423 PMCID: PMC5841568 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Peroxisomes perform complex metabolic and catabolic functions essential for normal growth and development. Mutations in 14 genes cause a spectrum of peroxisomal disease in humans. Most recently, PEX11B was associated with an atypical peroxisome biogenesis disorder (PBD) in a single individual. In this study, we identify further PEX11B cases and delineate associated phenotypes. Methods Probands from three families underwent next generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnosis of a multisystem developmental disorder. Autozygosity mapping was conducted in one affected sibling pair. ExomeDepth was used to identify copy number variants from NGS data and confirmed by dosage analysis. Biochemical profiling was used to investigate the metabolic signature of the condition. Results All patients presented with bilateral cataract at birth but the systemic phenotype was variable, including short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and dysmorphism-features not described in the original case. Next generation sequencing identified biallelic loss-of-function mutations in PEX11B as the underlying cause of disease in each case (PEX11B c.235C>T p.(Arg79Ter) homozygous; PEX11B c.136C>T p.(Arg46Ter) homozygous; PEX11B c.595C>T p.(Arg199Ter) heterozygous, PEX11B ex1-3 del heterozygous). Biochemical studies identified very low plasmalogens in one patient, whilst a mildly deranged very long chain fatty acid profile was found in another. Conclusions Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of the condition and underscore congenital cataract as the consistent primary presenting feature. We also find that biochemical measurements of peroxisome function may be disturbed in some cases. Furthermore, diagnosis by NGS is proficient and may circumvent the requirement for an invasive skin biopsy for disease identification from fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Taylor
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Handley
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Waller
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Urquhart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Meynert
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre Donnelly
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gisela Wilcox
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Disorders, The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - I Chris Lloyd
- Paediatric Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom 7Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Mundy
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disease, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom 3Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme C Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom 3Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential organelles in mammals which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. The spectrum of their functions in human health and disease is far from being complete, and unexpected and novel roles of peroxisomes are being discovered. To date, those include novel biological roles in antiviral defence, as intracellular signaling platforms and as protective organelles in sensory cells. Furthermore, peroxisomes are part of a complex network of interacting subcellular compartments which involves metabolic cooperation, cross-talk and membrane contacts. As potentially novel peroxisomal proteins are continuously discovered, there is great interest in the verification of their peroxisomal localization. Here, we present protocols used successfully in our laboratory for the detection and immunolabeling of peroxisomal proteins in cultured mammalian cells. We present immunofluorescence and fluorescence-based techniques as well as reagents to determine peroxisome-specific targeting and localization of candidate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Islinger
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl Str. 13-17, 68137, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
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Hong HK, Donaghy L, Kang CK, Kang HS, Lee HJ, Park HS, Choi KS. Substantial changes in hemocyte parameters of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill off the west coast of Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:171-179. [PMID: 27132991 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill occurred off the west coast of Korea, we determined sub-lethal effects of the spilled oil on hemocyte parameters of Ruditapes philippinarum in the damaged areas. Clams in the spilled sites displayed unusually high proportion of granulocytes, which may result in higher phagocytosis capacity and reactive oxygen species production. Hemocytes in clams from the polluted sites also displayed less DNA damage and mortality than in the control site, possibly due to a faster phagocytosis of the impaired cells. Glycogen, the major energetic reserve, was depleted in clams from the spilled sites, potentially due to energetic consumption for maintenance of a large pool of granulocytes, detoxification processes and oxidative stress. Modified hemocyte parameters in clams in the spilled area, may reflect sub-lethal physiological stresses caused by the residual oils in the sediment, in conjunction with environmental modifications such as food availability and pathogens pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Hong
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ludovic Donaghy
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Kang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sil Kang
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Park
- Marine Ecosystem and Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Ansan 425-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Galiani S, Waithe D, Reglinski K, Cruz-Zaragoza LD, Garcia E, Clausen MP, Schliebs W, Erdmann R, Eggeling C. Super-resolution Microscopy Reveals Compartmentalization of Peroxisomal Membrane Proteins. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16948-62. [PMID: 27311714 PMCID: PMC5016101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated events during peroxisomal protein import processes play an essential role in peroxisome functionality. Many details of these processes are not known due to missing spatial resolution of technologies capable of investigating peroxisomes directly in the cell. Here, we present the use of super-resolution optical stimulated emission depletion microscopy to investigate with sub-60-nm resolution the heterogeneous spatial organization of the peroxisomal proteins PEX5, PEX14, and PEX11 around actively importing peroxisomes, showing distinct differences between these peroxins. Moreover, imported protein sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) occupies only a subregion of larger peroxisomes, highlighting the heterogeneous distribution of proteins even within the peroxisome. Finally, our data reveal subpopulations of peroxisomes showing only weak colocalization between PEX14 and PEX5 or PEX11 but at the same time a clear compartmentalized organization. This compartmentalization, which was less evident in cases of strong colocalization, indicates dynamic protein reorganization linked to changes occurring in the peroxisomes. Through the use of multicolor stimulated emission depletion microscopy, we have been able to characterize peroxisomes and their constituents to a yet unseen level of detail while maintaining a highly statistical approach, paving the way for equally complex biological studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galiani
- From the Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit and
| | - Dominic Waithe
- Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luis Daniel Cruz-Zaragoza
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Systemic Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, and
| | - Esther Garcia
- Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias P Clausen
- From the Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit and MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Schliebs
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Systemic Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, and
| | - Ralf Erdmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Systemic Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, and
| | - Christian Eggeling
- From the Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit and Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom,
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12
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. The Histochemistry and Cell Biology compendium: a review of 2012. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 139:815-46. [PMID: 23665922 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The year 2012 was another exciting year for Histochemistry and Cell Biology. Innovations in immunohistochemical techniques and microscopy-based imaging have provided the means for advances in the field of cell biology. Over 130 manuscripts were published in the journal during 2012, representing methodological advancements, pathobiology of disease, and cell and tissue biology. This annual review of the manuscripts published in the previous year in Histochemistry and Cell Biology serves as an abbreviated reference for the readership to quickly peruse and discern trends in the field over the past year. The review has been broadly divided into multiple sections encompassing topics such as method advancements, subcellular components, extracellular matrix, and organ systems. We hope that the creation of this subdivision will serve to guide the reader to a specific topic of interest, while simultaneously providing a concise and easily accessible encapsulation of other topics in the broad area of Histochemistry and Cell Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Bonekamp NA, Grille S, Cardoso MJ, Almeida M, Aroso M, Gomes S, Magalhaes AC, Ribeiro D, Islinger M, Schrader M. Self-interaction of human Pex11pβ during peroxisomal growth and division. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53424. [PMID: 23308220 PMCID: PMC3538539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pex11 proteins are involved in membrane elongation and division processes associated with the multiplication of peroxisomes. Human Pex11pβ has recently been linked to a new disorder affecting peroxisome morphology and dynamics. Here, we have analyzed the exact membrane topology of Pex11pβ. Studies with an epitope-specific antibody and protease protection assays show that Pex11pβ is an integral membrane protein with two transmembrane domains flanking an internal region exposed to the peroxisomal matrix and N- and C-termini facing the cytosol. A glycine-rich internal region within Pex11pβ is dispensable for peroxisome membrane elongation and division. However, we demonstrate that an amphipathic helix (Helix 2) within the first N-terminal 40 amino acids is crucial for membrane elongation and self-interaction of Pex11pβ. Interestingly, we find that Pex11pβ self-interaction strongly depends on the detergent used for solubilization. We also show that N-terminal cysteines are not essential for membrane elongation, and that putative N-terminal phosphorylation sites are dispensable for Pex11pβ function. We propose that self-interaction of Pex11pβ regulates its membrane deforming activity in conjunction with membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Bonekamp
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Grille
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Joao Cardoso
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Monica Almeida
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Aroso
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silvia Gomes
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Magalhaes
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Markus Islinger
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael Schrader
- Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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