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Ichiyama-Kobayashi S, Hata K, Wakamori K, Takahata Y, Murakami T, Yamanaka H, Takano H, Yao R, Uzawa N, Nishimura R. Chromatin profiling identifies chondrocyte-specific Sox9 enhancers important for skeletal development. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175486. [PMID: 38855864 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SRY-related HMG box 9 (Sox9) is essential for chondrogenesis. Mutations in and around SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia (CD) characterized by skeletal malformations. Although the function of Sox9 in this context is well studied, the mechanisms that regulate Sox9 expression in chondrocytes remain to be elucidated. Here, we have used genome-wide profiling to identify 2 Sox9 enhancers located in a proximal breakpoint cluster responsible for CD. Enhancer activity of E308 (located 308 kb 5' upstream) and E160 (located 160 kb 5' upstream) correlated with Sox9 expression levels, and both enhancers showed a synergistic effect in vitro. While single deletions in mice had no apparent effect, simultaneous deletion of both E308 and E160 caused a dwarf phenotype, concomitant with a reduction of Sox9 expression in chondrocytes. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein 2-dependent chondrocyte differentiation of limb bud mesenchymal cells was severely attenuated in E308/E160 deletion mice. Finally, we found that an open chromatin region upstream of the Sox9 gene was reorganized in the E308/E160 deletion mice to partially compensate for the loss of E308 and E160. In conclusion, our findings reveal a mechanism of Sox9 gene regulation in chondrocytes that might aid in our understanding of the pathophysiology of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Ichiyama-Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, and
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Kanta Wakamori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, and
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Genome Editing Research and Development Unit, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Yamanaka
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, and
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Sahin E, Ipcak HH, Orhan C, Denli M, Erten F, Ozercan IH, Balci TA, Sahin K. Impact of the arginine silicate inositol complex on bone metabolism in broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia caused by manganese deficiency. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38598261 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2332724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
1. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disorder in broilers that has financial implications, necessitating dietary modifications to reduce the prevalence of this disease. This study explored how arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI) supplementation affected tibial growth plate (TGP) and overall bone health in broilers with manganese (Mn) deficiency-induced TD.2. A total of 240 broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each consisting of 60 birds (15 replicates of four broilers each) as follows: i) Control, with 60 mg Mn per kg of diet; ii) ASI, with 60 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet; iii) TD, with 22 mg Mn per kg of diet, and iv) TD+ASI, with 22 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet.3. It was found that ASI supplementation increased tibial bone length in Mn-deficient TD broilers (p = 0.007). There was no Mn x ASI interaction for other bone morphometry variables (p > 0.05). However, both tibial bone mineral content and density were affected by Mn and ASI (p < 0.05). With ASI supplementation, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were elevated in the TD+ASI group compared to the TD group (p < 0.001). In the TD group, osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in the TGP decreased compared to the control groups (p < 0.001).4. In contrast, ASI supplementation in the TD broilers counteracted the decrease in OPG compared to TD broilers without ASI supplementation (p < 0.001). The Mn level and ASI supplementation significantly influenced the OPG/receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio (p < 0.001).5. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that inclusion of ASI in broiler diets could enhance bone formation variables by controlling OPG levels in the TGP, potentially serving as an effective method to decrease the occurrence of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - H H Ipcak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - C Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Denli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - F Erten
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - I H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - T A Balci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ciaffaglione V, Rizzarelli E. Carnosine, Zinc and Copper: A Menage a Trois in Bone and Cartilage Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16209. [PMID: 38003398 PMCID: PMC10671046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metal homeostasis is associated with many pathological conditions, including arthritic diseases. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most prevalent disorders that damage the joints and lead to cartilage and bone destruction. Recent studies show that the levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are generally altered in the serum of arthritis patients. Therefore, metal dyshomeostasis may reflect the contribution of these trace elements to the disease's pathogenesis and manifestations, suggesting their potential for prognosis and treatment. Carnosine (Car) also emerged as a biomarker in arthritis and exerts protective and osteogenic effects in arthritic joints. Notably, its zinc(II) complex, polaprezinc, has been recently proposed as a drug-repurposing candidate for bone fracture healing. On these bases, this review article aims to provide an overview of the beneficial roles of Cu and Zn in bone and cartilage health and their potential application in tissue engineering. The effects of Car and polaprezinc in promoting cartilage and bone regeneration are also discussed. We hypothesize that polaprezinc could exchange Zn for Cu, present in the culture media, due to its higher sequestering ability towards Cu. However, future studies should unveil the potential contribution of Cu in the beneficial effects of polaprezinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Zhang F, Liu L, Wang H, Chen L. Effects of prenatal acetaminophen exposure at different stages, doses and courses on articular cartilage of offspring mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114003. [PMID: 37633638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that chondrodysplasia has intrauterine origin. Although prenatal acetaminophen exposure (PAcE) can cause nervous and reproductive abnormalities in offspring, its effect on cartilage is uninvestigated. Herein, mice were treated with different doses and courses of acetaminophen at various gestational stages (100 or 400 mg/kg∙d on gestational days 10-12 (GD10-12), 400 mg/kg∙d on GD12 or GD15-17) based on clinical administration and conversion between humans and mice. Fetal knee joints were harvested on GD18 to analyze cartilage morphology, chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and matrix content, synthesis and degradation. Results showed that 400 mg/kg∙d acetaminophen exposure during GD10-12 decreased chondrocyte numbers, safranin O staining, proliferation and matrix synthesis, without elevating matrix degradation and apoptosis. Low-dose, single-course, or late-pregnancy exposure had no effect on above indexes. Moreover, Tgfβ pathway was inhibited, showing a positive correlation with the expression of Col2a1, Acan, Ki67, and Pcna. Overall, clinical doses of PAcE can inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis, causing fetal mice chondrodysplasia, especially after multi-course exposure of 400 mg/kg∙d acetaminophen during GD10-12, the mechanism of which might involve Tgfβ pathway inhibition. This study provides an experimental basis for assessing fetal developmental toxicity and standardizing the clinical use of acetaminophen during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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5
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Dong Y, Chen Y, Ma G, Cao H. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in bone homeostasis and related diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3963-3987. [PMID: 37799379 PMCID: PMC10547920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dedicates to degrade intracellular proteins to modulate demic homeostasis and functions of organisms. These enzymatic cascades mark and modifies target proteins diversly through covalently binding ubiquitin molecules. In the UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases are the crucial constituents by the advantage of recognizing and presenting proteins to proteasomes for proteolysis. As the major regulators of protein homeostasis, E3 ligases are indispensable to proper cell manners in diverse systems, and they are well described in physiological bone growth and bone metabolism. Pathologically, classic bone-related diseases such as metabolic bone diseases, arthritis, bone neoplasms and bone metastasis of the tumor, etc., were also depicted in a UPS-dependent manner. Therefore, skeletal system is versatilely regulated by UPS and it is worthy to summarize the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, based on the current status of treatment, normal or pathological osteogenesis and tumorigenesis elaborated in this review highlight the clinical significance of UPS research. As a strategy possibly remedies the limitations of UPS treatment, emerging PROTAC was described comprehensively to illustrate its potential in clinical application. Altogether, the purpose of this review aims to provide more evidence for exploiting novel therapeutic strategies based on UPS for bone associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Ruan X, Gu J, Chen M, Zhao F, Aili M, Zhang D. Multiple roles of ALK3 in osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:397-411. [PMID: 37394235 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.127.bjr-2022-0310.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, synovial membrane inflammation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis. Pathological changes in cartilage and subchondral bone are the main processes in OA. In recent decades, many studies have demonstrated that activin-like kinase 3 (ALK3), a bone morphogenetic protein receptor, is essential for cartilage formation, osteogenesis, and postnatal skeletal development. Although the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in articular cartilage and bone has been extensively studied, many new discoveries have been made in recent years around ALK3 targets in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and the interaction between the two, broadening the original knowledge of the relationship between ALK3 and OA. In this review, we focus on the roles of ALK3 in OA, including cartilage and subchondral bone and related cells. It may be helpful to seek more efficient drugs or treatments for OA based on ALK3 signalling in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Munire Aili
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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LncRNA WDR11-AS1 Promotes Extracellular Matrix Synthesis in Osteoarthritis by Directly Interacting with RNA-Binding Protein PABPC1 to Stabilize SOX9 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010817. [PMID: 36614257 PMCID: PMC9820994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that is mainly characterized by chronic and mild inflammation of the joints. Recently, many studies have reported the crucial roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in OA as gene transcriptional regulatory factors, diagnostic biomarkers, or therapeutic targets. However, the exact mechanisms of lncRNAs in the regulation of OA progression remain unclear. In the present study, the lncRNA WDR11 divergent transcript (lncRNA WDR11-AS1) was shown to be downregulated in osteoarthritic cartilage tissues from patients, and to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in osteoarthritic chondrocytes with knockdown and overexpression experiments. This function of lncRNA WDR11-AS1 was linked to its ability to interact with the polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), which was screened by RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry analyses. PABPC1 was discovered to bind ECM-related mRNAs such as SOX9, and the inhibition of PABPC1 improved the mRNA stability of SOX9 to mitigate OA progression. Our results suggest that lncRNA WDR11-AS1 has a promising inhibitory effect on inflammation-induced ECM degradation in OA by directly binding PABPC1, thereby establishing lncRNA WDR11-AS1 and PABPC1 as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of OA.
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8
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Milanese JS, Marcotte R, Costain WJ, Kablar B, Drouin S. Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Development: A Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Overview. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:21-55. [PMID: 37955770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to assess various cellular events consequent to perturbations, such as genetic mutations, disease states and therapies, has been recently revolutionized by technological advances in multiple "omics" fields. The resulting deluge of information has enabled and necessitated the development of tools required to both process and interpret the data. While of tremendous value to basic researchers, the amount and complexity of the data has made it extremely difficult to manually draw inference and identify factors key to the study objectives. The challenges of data reduction and interpretation are being met by the development of increasingly complex tools that integrate disparate knowledge bases and synthesize coherent models based on current biological understanding. This chapter presents an example of how genomics data can be integrated with biological network analyses to gain further insight into the developmental consequences of genetic perturbations. State of the art methods for conducting similar studies are discussed along with modern methods used to analyze and interpret the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Marcotte
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Willard J Costain
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Kablar
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada , Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kikuchi K, Haneda M, Hayashi S, Maeda T, Nakano N, Kuroda Y, Tsubosaka M, Kamenaga T, Fujita M, Ikuta K, Anjiki K, Tachibana S, Onoi Y, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R. P21 deficiency exhibits delayed endochondral ossification during fracture healing. Bone 2022; 165:116572. [PMID: 36180020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endochondral ossification is a complex biological phenomenon involving a variety of factors and cells. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) inhibits cell cycle progression and is affected by external stress. We recently reported that embryonic endochondral ossification is unaffected by endogenous p21 deficiency. In this study, we evaluated whether p21 expression affects endochondral ossification during fracture healing. METHODS Tibial fractures were introduced into p21 knockout (p21-/-) (n = 24) and wild-type C57BL/6 (p21+/+) (n = 24) mice at age 10 weeks. Fracture healing was evaluated using radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. The effect of p21 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on ATDC5 cells was assessed in vitro. RESULTS The Allen score for fracture healing was lower in p21-/- mice than in p21+/+ mice. In addition, p21-/- mice exhibited larger calluses and lower bone mineral density. IHC analyses showed that p21-/- mice exhibited delayed endochondral ossification via the Ihh-Runx2-Osterix pathway in vivo. Down-regulation of p21 expression in ATDC5 cells delayed endochondral ossification in vitro. CONCLUSIONS p21 deficiency leads to delayed endochondral ossification by attenuating the Ihh-Runx2-Osterix pathway in vivo, and p21 deficiency in hypertrophic chondrocytes causes delayed differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes in vitro. p21 plays a role in endochondral ossification during fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiko Haneda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamenaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenmei Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kensuke Anjiki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuma Onoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Lesage R, Ferrao Blanco MN, Narcisi R, Welting T, van Osch GJVM, Geris L. An integrated in silico-in vitro approach for identifying therapeutic targets against osteoarthritis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:253. [DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Without the availability of disease-modifying drugs, there is an unmet therapeutic need for osteoarthritic patients. During osteoarthritis, the homeostasis of articular chondrocytes is dysregulated and a phenotypical transition called hypertrophy occurs, leading to cartilage degeneration. Targeting this phenotypic transition has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Chondrocyte phenotype maintenance and switch are controlled by an intricate network of intracellular factors, each influenced by a myriad of feedback mechanisms, making it challenging to intuitively predict treatment outcomes, while in silico modeling can help unravel that complexity. In this study, we aim to develop a virtual articular chondrocyte to guide experiments in order to rationalize the identification of potential drug targets via screening of combination therapies through computational modeling and simulations.
Results
We developed a signal transduction network model using knowledge-based and data-driven (machine learning) modeling technologies. The in silico high-throughput screening of (pairwise) perturbations operated with that network model highlighted conditions potentially affecting the hypertrophic switch. A selection of promising combinations was further tested in a murine cell line and primary human chondrocytes, which notably highlighted a previously unreported synergistic effect between the protein kinase A and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.
Conclusions
Here, we provide a virtual articular chondrocyte in the form of a signal transduction interactive knowledge base and of an executable computational model. Our in silico-in vitro strategy opens new routes for developing osteoarthritis targeting therapies by refining the early stages of drug target discovery.
Graphical Abstract
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11
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Nadine S, Fernandes IJ, Correia CR, Mano JF. Close-to-native bone repair via tissue-engineered endochondral ossification approaches. iScience 2022; 25:105370. [PMID: 36339269 PMCID: PMC9626746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the clinical challenges related to bone grafting, several tissue engineering (TE) strategies have been proposed to repair critical-sized defects. Generally, the classical TE approaches are designed to promote bone repair via intramembranous ossification. Although promising, strategies that direct the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are usually characterized by a lack of functional vascular supply, often resulting in necrotic cores. A less explored alternative is engineering bone constructs through a cartilage-mediated approach, resembling the embryological process of endochondral ossification. The remodeling of an intermediary hypertrophic cartilaginous template triggers vascular invasion and bone tissue deposition. Thus, employing this knowledge can be a promising direction for the next generation of bone TE constructs. This review highlights the most recent biomimetic strategies for applying endochondral ossification in bone TE while discussing the plethora of cell types, culture conditions, and biomaterials essential to promote a successful bone regeneration process.
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Primary Cilia: A Cellular Regulator of Articular Cartilage Degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2560441. [PMID: 36193252 PMCID: PMC9525753 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2560441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that can cause pain and disability in adults. The main pathological characteristic of OA is cartilage degeneration, which is caused by chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage matrix degradation, and inflammatory factor destruction. The current treatment for patients with OA focuses on delaying its progression, such as oral anti-inflammatory analgesics or injection of sodium gluconate into the joint cavity. Primary cilia are an important structure involved in cellular signal transduction. Thus, they are very sensitive to mechanical and physicochemical stimuli. It is reported that the primary cilia may play an important role in the development of OA. Here, we review the correlation between the morphology (location, length, incidence, and orientation) of chondrocyte primary cilia and OA and summarize the relevant signaling pathways in chondrocytes that could regulate the OA process through primary cilia, including Hedgehog, Wnt, and inflammation-related signaling pathways. These data provide new ideas for OA treatment.
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Yagi H, Takahata Y, Murakami T, Nakaminami Y, Hagino H, Yamamoto S, Murakami S, Hata K, Nishimura R. Transcriptional regulation of FRZB in chondrocytes by Osterix and Msx2. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:723-734. [PMID: 35763224 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that causes destruction of articular cartilage and severe inflammation surrounding knee and hip joints. However, to date, effective therapeutic reagents for osteoarthritis have not been developed because the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex. Recent genetic findings suggest that a Wnt antagonist, frizzled-related protein B (FRZB), is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the transcriptional regulation of FRZB in chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frzb/FRZB expression was assessed by RT-qPCR analyses in murine articular chondrocytes and SW1353 chondrocyte cell line. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed using adenovirus and lentivirus, respectively. Luciferase-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed for determining transcriptional regulation. Protein-protein interaction was determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS Frzb was highly expressed in cartilages, especially within articular chondrocytes. Interleukin-1α markedly reduced Frzb expression in articular chondrocytes in association with cartilage destruction and increases in ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (Adamts) 4 and Adamts5 expression. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) increased FRZB expression in SW1353 cells through Smad signaling. Osterix and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2), both of which function as downstream transcription factors of BMP2, induced FRZB expression and upregulated its promoter activity. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed a physical interaction between Osterix and Msx2. Knockdown of either Osterix or Msx2 inhibited BMP2-dependent FRZB expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated a direct association of Osterix and Msx2 with the FRZB gene promoter. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BMP2 regulates FRZB expression through Osterix and Msx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakaminami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hagino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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14
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Gao L, Wang X, Xiong J, Ma Y. Circular RNA from phosphodiesterase 4D can attenuate chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix degradation under OA milieu induced by IL-1β via circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 cascade. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:682-692. [PMID: 35549803 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2077215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) is a novel molecular therapeutic agent for human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, asthma and cancers. Circular RNA from PDE4D (circPDE4D; ID hsa_circ_0072568) was one of the most downregulated circRNAs in OA patients. However, its precise role in OA-related chondrocytes was largely unknown. METHODS Expressions of circPDE4D, microRNA (miR)-4306 and sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR; protein levels of SOX9 and proteins related to apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) were detected by western blotting. Cell apoptosis was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate apoptosis assays. MiR-4306 response elements were predicted by bioinformatics algorithm and identified using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin-coupled miRNA capture assays. RESULTS CircPDE4D was markedly downregulated in OA cartilages and interleukin (IL)-1β-stressed human normal chondrocytes (HNC). Ectopic expression of circPDE4D rescued cell viability, proliferation, and expressions of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Collagen type II α1 in IL-1β-insulted HNC, and meanwhile declined apoptosis rate and levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-13, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5, IL-6, and IL-8. CircPDE4D and SOX9 were competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for miR-4306, and circPDE4D could positively regulate SOX9 expression via miR-4306. CONCLUSION CircPDE4D and miR-4306 were important regulators in regulating IL-1β-induced HNC apoptosis and matrix degradation via regulating the key transcription factor SOX9, suggesting a novel circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 ceRNA pathway in OA-related chondrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 430022
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 430022
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 430022
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 430022
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15
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Oct4 facilitates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by mediating CIP2A expression. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:11-21. [PMID: 35435493 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone development and cartilage formation require strict modulation of gene expression for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to progress through their differentiation stages. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression is generally restricted to developing embryonic pluripotent cells, but its role in chondrogenic differentiation (CD) of MSCs remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of Oct4 in CD using a microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The expression of Oct4 was elevated when the CD of cultured MSCs was induced. Silencing Oct4 damaged MSC growth and proliferation and decreased CD, indicated by decreased cartilage matrix formation and the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9. We found a positive correlation between the expression of CIP2A, a natural inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and that of Oct4. Cellular inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression gradually increased after CD. Overexpression of CIP2A in MSCs with Oct4 depletion promoted cartilage matrix deposition as well as Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9 expression. The chondrogenic induction triggered c-Myc, Akt, ERK, and MEK phosphorylation and upregulated c-Myc and mTOR expression, which was downregulated upon Oct4 knockdown and restored by CIP2A overexpression. These findings indicated that Oct4 functions as an essential chondrogenesis regulator, partly via the CIP2A/PP2A pathway.
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16
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Mengeling BJ, Vetter LF, Furlow JD. Retinoid-X receptor agonists increase thyroid hormone competence in lower jaw remodeling of pre-metamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266946. [PMID: 35417489 PMCID: PMC9007347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays critical roles during vertebrate development, including regulation of skeletal and cartilage growth. TH acts through its receptors (TRs), nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) that heterodimerize with Retinoid-X receptors (RXRs), to regulate gene expression. A defining difference between NR signaling during development compared to in adult tissues, is competence, the ability of the organism to respond to an endocrine signal. Amphibian metamorphosis, especially in Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog, is a well-established in vivo model for studying the mechanisms of TH action during development. Previously, we’ve used one-week post-fertilization X. laevis tadpoles, which are only partially competent to TH, to show that in the tail, which is naturally refractive to exogenous T3 at this stage, RXR agonists increase TH competence, and that RXR antagonism inhibits the TH response. Here, we focused on the jaw that undergoes dramatic TH-mediated remodeling during metamorphosis in order to support new feeding and breathing styles. We used a battery of approaches in one-week-old tadpoles, including quantitative morphology, differential gene expression and whole mount cell proliferation assays, to show that both pharmacologic (bexarotene) and environmental (tributyltin) RXR agonists potentiated TH-induced responses but were inactive in the absence of TH; and the RXR antagonist UVI 3003 inhibited TH action. Bex and TBT significantly potentiated cellular proliferation and the TH induction of runx2, a transcription factor critical for developing cartilage and bone. Prominent targets of RXR-mediated TH potentiation were members of the matrix metalloprotease family, suggesting that RXR potentiation may emphasize pathways responsible for rapid changes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J. Mengeling
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lara F. Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - J. David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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17
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu K, Fang L, Huang J, Xia S, Zhou Q, Lv L, Wang C. Embryonic exposure to phenanthrene caused developmental defects of craniofacial cartilage in F1 larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106080. [PMID: 35065452 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with low ring numbers, phenanthrene (Phe) is ubiquitously present in the environment. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to Phe at 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 nmol/L for 96 h, and then cultured to adulthood in clean water, the developmental defects of craniofacial cartilage were observed in F1 larvae produced by adult males and females mated with untreated fish. Delayed development of craniofacial cartilage, including a shorter and wider Meckel's cartilage and mandibular arch were observed in F1 larvae from adult fish of both sexes. Maternal F1 larvae showed a greater impact on the lower jaw than paternal F1 larvae, this may be connected with greater downregulation of the transcription of genes related to the development of craniofacial cartilage such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2), fibroblast growth factor 8 (fgf8), sonic hedgehog (shh), Indian hedgehog (ihh). Further results indicated that the modification DNA methylation levels in the promotors of gene runx2 and shh in maternal and paternal F1 larvae were inherited from embryonic F0 larvae, and might be linked with the toxicity of craniofacial cartilage in F1 larvae. This study illustrated that embryonic exposure to Phe could induce adverse effects on craniofacial development in F1 offspring, emphasizing the importance of transgenerational toxicology studies in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Liangju Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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18
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Jiang X, Ren Y, Zhang X, You T, Ren S, Xie X, Zhou R, Li C, Zhang W. Effect of Type 1 Collagen Bioactive Material Scaffold on the Recovery of Sports-Caused Cartilage Injury. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was aim to investigate the effect of type 1 collagen (Col I) bioactive scaffold on regeneration and repair of motor cartilage injury. Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group, only cartilage was exposed, no defect was made),
model group Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) group, cartilage defect model], and treatment group (Col I group, cartilage defect + Col I bioactive scaffold treatment). The cartilage tissue of each group was detected 16 weeks after the operation. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot were adopted
to detect the expression of cartilage related proteins in each group. The results showed that Col I bioactive scaffold could repair the gross morphology of cartilage defect, promote the regeneration and repair of chondrocytes in defect area, and reduce the mast cells in defect area. Western
Blot detection of the expression of signal pathway marker proteins showed that expression of Wnt protein, β-catenin protein, and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) protein in the FCD group were significantly reduced than Sham group (P < 0.05), while the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1) protein was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Expression of Wnt protein, β-catenin protein, and PFK-1 protein in Col I group increased significantly versus FCD group (P < 0.05), while the expression of PEPCK1 protein significantly
decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Col I bioactive scaffolds could regenerate and repair cartilage defects, and the mechanism may be related to Wnt signaling pathway and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yuxiang Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Tian You
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Shiyou Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Ri Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Canfeng Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
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19
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Sahin E, Orhan C, Balci TA, Erten F, Sahin K. Magnesium Picolinate Improves Bone Formation by Regulation of RANK/RANKL/OPG and BMP-2/Runx2 Signaling Pathways in High-Fat Fed Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:3353. [PMID: 34684352 PMCID: PMC8538721 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency may affect bone metabolism by increasing osteoclasts, decreasing osteoblasts, promoting inflammation/oxidative stress, and result in subsequent bone loss. The objective of the present study was to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the bone protective effect of different forms of Mg (inorganic magnesium oxide (MgO) versus organic magnesium picolinate (MgPic) compound) in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-two Wistar albino male rats were divided into six group (n = 7): (i) control, (ii) MgO, (iii) MgPic, (iv) HFD, (v) HFD + MgO, and (vi) HFD + MgPic. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased in the Mg supplemented groups, especially MgPic, as compared with the HFD group (p < 0.001). As compared with the HFD + MgO group, the HFD + MgPic group had higher bone P (p < 0.05) and Mg levels (p < 0.001). In addition, as compared to MgO, MgPic improved bone formation by increasing the levels of osteogenetic proteins (COL1A1 (p < 0.001), BMP2 (p < 0.001), Runx2 (p < 0.001), OPG (p < 0.05), and OCN (p < 0.001), IGF-1 (p < 0.001)), while prevented bone resorption by reducing the levels of RANK and RANKL (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the present data showed that the MgPic could increase osteogenic protein levels in bone more effectively than MgO, prevent bone loss, and contribute to bone formation in HFD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (E.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (E.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Tansel Ansal Balci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli 62500, Turkey;
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (E.S.); (C.O.)
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20
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Wen ZH, Huang JS, Lin YY, Yao ZK, Lai YC, Chen WF, Liu HT, Lin SC, Tsai YC, Tsai TC, Jean YH. Chondroprotective Effects of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Panobinostat, on Pain Behavior and Cartilage Degradation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection-Induced Experimental Osteoarthritic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147290. [PMID: 34298911 PMCID: PMC8306086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular degenerative disease characterized by chronic pain, joint inflammation, and movement limitations, which are significantly influenced by aberrant epigenetic modifications of numerous OA-susceptible genes. Recent studies revealed that both the abnormal activation and differential expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) might contribute to OA pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the chondroprotective effects of a marine-derived HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat, on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced experimental OA rats. The intra-articular administration of 2 or 10 µg of panobinostat (each group, n = 7) per week from the 6th to 17th week attenuates ACLT-induced nociceptive behaviors, including secondary mechanical allodynia and weight-bearing distribution. Histopathological and microcomputed tomography analysis showed that panobinostat significantly prevents cartilage degeneration after ACLT. Moreover, intra-articular panobinostat exerts hypertrophic effects in the chondrocytes of articular cartilage by regulating the protein expressions of HDAC4, HDAC6, HDAC7, runt-domain transcription factor-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-13. The study indicated that HDACs might have different modulations on the chondrocyte phenotype in the early stages of OA development. These results provide new evidence that panobinostat may be a potential therapeutic drug for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (Z.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-F.C.)
| | - Jhy-Shrian Huang
- Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Antai Medical Care Corporation Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, PingTong 92842, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Zhi-Kang Yao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (Z.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-F.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81341, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (Z.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-F.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Z.-H.W.); (Z.-K.Y.); (Y.-C.L.); (W.-F.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Chun Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, No. 60 Dalian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chi Tsai
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Chang Tsai
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsuan Jean
- Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Antai Medical Care Corporation Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, PingTong 92842, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-8329966
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21
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Pichler KM, Weinmann D, Schmidt S, Kubista B, Lass R, Martelanz L, Alphonsus J, Windhager R, Gabius HJ, Toegel S. The Dysregulated Galectin Network Activates NF-κB to Induce Disease Markers and Matrix Degeneration in 3D Pellet Cultures of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:377-390. [PMID: 33185768 PMCID: PMC7881967 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the dysregulated network of galectins in OA chondrocyte pellets, and to assess whether their recently discovered activity as molecular switches of functional biomarkers results in degradation of extracellular matrix in vitro. Scaffold-free 3D pellet cultures were established of human OA chondrocytes. Expression and secretion of galectin(Gal)-1, -3, and -8 were monitored relative to 2D cultures or clinical tissue sections by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISAs. Exposure of 2D and 3D cultures to an in vivo-like galectin mixture (Gal-1 and Gal-8: 5 µg/ml, Gal-3: 1 µg/ml) was followed by the assessment of pellet size, immunohistochemical matrix staining, and/or quantification of MMP-1, -3, and -13. Application of inhibitors of NF-κB activation probed into the potential of intervening with galectin-induced matrix degradation. Galectin profiling revealed maintained dysregulation of Gal-1, -3, and -8 in pellet cultures, resembling the OA situation in situ. The presence of the galectin mixture promoted marked reduction of pellet size and loss of collagen type II-rich extracellular matrix, accompanied by the upregulation of MMP-1, -3, and -13. Inhibition of p65-phosphorylation by caffeic acid phenethyl ester effectively alleviated the detrimental effects of galectins, resulting in downregulated MMP secretion, reduced matrix breakdown and augmented pellet size. This study suggests that the dysregulated galectin network in OA cartilage leads to extracellular matrix breakdown, and provides encouraging evidence of the feasible inhibition of galectin-triggered activities. OA chondrocyte pellets have the potential to serve as in vitro disease model for further studies on galectins in OA onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pichler
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Weinmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Kubista
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lass
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Martelanz
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Alphonsus
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Toegel
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Zhang X, Weng M, Chen Z. Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241281. [PMID: 33529250 PMCID: PMC7853451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for mammalian bone morphogenesis and growth, involving membranous ossification and endochondral ossification. FGF9 has been shown to be an important regulator of endochondral ossification; however, its role in the early differentiation of chondrocytes remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of FGF9 in the early differentiation of chondrogenesis. We found an increase in FGF9 expression during proliferating chondrocyte hypertrophy in the mouse growth plate. Silencing of FGF9 promotes the growth of ATDC5 cells and promotes insulin-induced differentiation of ATDC5 chondrocytes, which is due to increased cartilage matrix formation and type II collagen (col2a1) and X (col10a1), Acan, Ihh, Mmp13 gene expression. Then, we evaluated the effects of AKT, GSK-3β, and mTOR. Inhibition of FGF9 significantly inhibits phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, but does not affected the activation of mTOR. Furthermore, phosphorylation of inhibited AKT and GSK-3β was compensated using the AKT activator SC79, and differentiation of ATDC5 cells was inhibited. In conclusion, our results indicate that FGF9 acts as an important regulator of early chondrogenesis partly through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjia Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Mou TC, Feng JY. Research advances in cartilage stem cells markers and induced differentiation. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:108-114. [PMID: 33723946 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage stem cells (CSCs) are cells that self-proliferate, have surface antigen expression, and have multidirectional differentiation potential in the articular cartilage. CSCs, as an ideal source of stem cells, has a good application prospect in stem cell therapy. This article reviews the CSCs markers, cartilage differentiation signaling pathway, and clinical treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chen Mou
- Dept. of Stomatological, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jian-Ying Feng
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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24
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:597-607. [PMID: 33277679 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Role of the fibroblast growth factor 19 in the skeletal system. Life Sci 2020; 265:118804. [PMID: 33245964 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs) is a kind of cytokine that plays an important role in growth, development, metabolism and disease. During bone development, multiple FGFs and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles. Previous reports have elucidated the great importance of FGF1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 18 in bone development, and FGF21 and 23 in bone homeostasis and bone regulation. FGF19 was initially found in the human foetal brain, and its gene location is related to osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome. Presently, gene chip detection has repeatedly found that FGF19 shows spatiotemporal specificity of gene expression in bone development and bone-related diseases, as well as differences in the protein level, indicating that FGF19 affects the skeletal system. Considering the current insufficient understanding of FGF19 and its potential function in the skeletal system, this review aims to introduce the background of FGF19 in bone, summarise the research progress of FGF19 in the skeletal system, and discuss the role and therapeutic potential of FGF19 in bone development and bone-related diseases.
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26
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Szwedowski D, Szczepanek J, Paczesny Ł, Pękała P, Zabrzyński J, Kruczyński J. Genetics in Cartilage Lesions: Basic Science and Therapy Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5430. [PMID: 32751537 PMCID: PMC7432875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions have a multifactorial nature, and genetic factors are their strongest determinants. As biochemical and genetic studies have dramatically progressed over the past decade, the molecular basis of cartilage pathologies has become clearer. Several homeostasis abnormalities within cartilaginous tissue have been found, including various structural changes, differential gene expression patterns, as well as altered epigenetic regulation. However, the efficient treatment of cartilage pathologies represents a substantial challenge. Understanding the complex genetic background pertaining to cartilage pathologies is useful primarily in the context of seeking new pathways leading to disease progression as well as in developing new targeted therapies. A technology utilizing gene transfer to deliver therapeutic genes to the site of injury is quickly becoming an emerging approach in cartilage renewal. The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the genetic basis of chondral lesions and the different approaches of the most recent systems exploiting therapeutic gene transfer in cartilage repair. The integration of tissue engineering with viral gene vectors is a novel and active area of research. However, despite promising preclinical data, this therapeutic concept needs to be supported by the growing body of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szwedowski
- Orthopedic Arthroscopic Surgery International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Provincial Polyclinical Hospital, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paczesny
- Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87100 Torun, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Przemysław Pękała
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30705 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87100 Torun, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jacek Kruczyński
- Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60512 Poznań, Poland;
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Song H, Park KH. Regulation and function of SOX9 during cartilage development and regeneration. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:12-23. [PMID: 32380234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a highly coordinated event in embryo development, adult homeostasis, and repair of the vertebrate cartilage. Fate decisions and differentiation of chondrocytes accompany differential expression of genes critical for each step of chondrogenesis. SOX9 is a master transcription factor that participates in sequential events in chondrogenesis by regulating a series of downstream factors in a stage-specific manner. SOX9 either works alone or in combination with downstream SOX transcription factors, SOX5 and SOX6 as chondrogenic SOX Trio. SOX9 is reduced in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis while highly maintained during tumorigenesis of cartilage and bone. Gene therapy using viral and non-viral vectors accompanied by tissue engineering (scaffolds) is a promising tool to regenerate impaired cartilage. Delivery of SOX9 or chondrogenic SOX Trio into cells produces efficient therapeutic effects on chondrogenesis and this event is facilitated by scaffolds. Non-viral vector-guided delivery systems encapsulated or loaded in mechanically stable solid scaffolds are useful for the regeneration of articular cartilage. Here we review major milestones and most recent studies focusing on regulation and function of chondrogenic SOX Trio, during chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration, and on the development of advanced technologies in gene delivery with tissue engineering to improve efficiency of cartilage repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Schivo S, Khurana S, Govindaraj K, Scholma J, Kerkhofs J, Zhong L, Huang X, van de Pol J, Langerak R, van Wijnen AJ, Geris L, Karperien M, Post JN. ECHO, the executable CHOndrocyte: A computational model to study articular chondrocytes in health and disease. Cell Signal 2020; 68:109471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Dreher SI, Fischer J, Walker T, Diederichs S, Richter W. Significance of MEF2C and RUNX3 Regulation for Endochondral Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:81. [PMID: 32195247 PMCID: PMC7064729 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guiding progenitor cell development between chondral versus endochondral pathways is still an unachieved task of cartilage neogenesis, and human mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) chondrogenesis is considered as a valuable model to better understand hypertrophic development of chondrocytes. Transcription factors Runx2, Runx3, and Mef2c play prominent roles for chondrocyte hypertrophy during mouse development, but little is known on the importance of these key fate-determining factors for endochondral development of human MPCs. The aim of this study was to unravel the regulation of RUNX2, RUNX3, and MEF2C during MPC chondrogenesis, the pathways driving their expression, and the downstream hypertrophic targets affected by their regulation. RUNX2, RUNX3, and MEF2C gene expression was differentially regulated during chondrogenesis of MPCs, but remained low and unregulated when non-hypertrophic articular chondrocytes were differentiated under the same conditions. RUNX3 and MEF2C mRNA and protein levels rose in parallel to hypertrophic marker upregulation, but surprisingly, RUNX2 gene expression changed only by trend and RUNX2 protein remained undetectable. While RUNX3 expression was driven by TGF-β and BMP signaling, MEF2C responded to WNT-, BMP-, and Hedgehog-pathway inhibition. MEF2C but not RUNX3 levels correlated significantly with COL10A1, IHH, and IBSP gene expression when hypertrophy was attenuated. IBSP was a downstream target of RUNX3 and MEF2C but not RUNX2 in SAOS-2 cells, underlining the capacity of RUNX3 and MEF2C to stimulate osteogenic marker expression in human cells. Conclusively, RUNX3 and MEF2C appeared more important than RUNX2 for human endochondral MPC chondrogenesis. Pathways altering the speed of chondrogenesis (FGF, TGF-β, BMP) affected RUNX2 or RUNX3, while pathways changing hypertrophy (WNT, PTHrP/HH) regulated mainly MEF2C. Taken together, reduction of MEF2C levels is a new goal to shift human cartilage neogenesis toward the chondral pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Fischer
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Walker
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Role of Signal Transduction Pathways and Transcription Factors in Cartilage and Joint Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041340. [PMID: 32079226 PMCID: PMC7072930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are common cartilage and joint diseases that globally affect more than 200 million and 20 million people, respectively. Several transcription factors have been implicated in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis, including Runx2, C/EBPβ, HIF2α, Sox4, and Sox11. Interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) leads to osteoarthritis through NF-ĸB, IκBζ, and the Zn2+-ZIP8-MTF1 axis. IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) play a major pathological role in rheumatoid arthritis through NF-ĸB and JAK/STAT pathways. Indeed, inhibitory reagents for IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα provide clinical benefits for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Several growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and Indian hedgehog, play roles in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Disruption and excess of these signaling pathways cause genetic disorders in cartilage and skeletal tissues. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive, an autosomal genetic disorder characterized by ectopic ossification, is induced by mutant ACVR1. Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) inhibitors can prevent ectopic ossification induced by ACVR1 mutations. C-type natriuretic peptide is currently the most promising therapy for achondroplasia and related autosomal genetic diseases that manifest severe dwarfism. In these ways, investigation of cartilage and chondrocyte diseases at molecular and cellular levels has enlightened the development of effective therapies. Thus, identification of signaling pathways and transcription factors implicated in these diseases is important.
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31
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Bach FC, de Rooij KM, Riemers FM, Snuggs JW, de Jong WAM, Zhang Y, Creemers LB, Chan D, Le Maitre C, Tryfonidou MA. Hedgehog proteins and parathyroid hormone-related protein are involved in intervertebral disc maturation, degeneration, and calcification. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1071. [PMID: 31891120 PMCID: PMC6920702 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and hedgehog signaling play an important role in chondrocyte development, (hypertrophic) differentiation, and/or calcification, but their role in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is unknown. Better understanding their involvement may provide therapeutic clues for low back pain due to IVD degeneration. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of PTHrP and hedgehog proteins in postnatal canine and human IVDs during the aging/degenerative process. The expression of PTHrP, hedgehog proteins and related receptors was studied during the natural loss of the notochordal cell (NC) phenotype during IVD maturation using tissue samples and de-differentiation in vitro and degeneration by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Correlations between their expression and calcification levels (Alizarin Red S staining) were determined. In addition, the effect of PTHrP and hedgehog proteins on canine and human chondrocyte-like cells (CLCs) was determined in vitro focusing on the propensity to induce calcification. The expression of PTHrP, its receptor (PTHR1) and hedgehog receptors decreased during loss of the NC phenotype. N-terminal (active) hedgehog (Indian hedgehog/Sonic hedgehog) protein expression did not change during maturation or degeneration, whereas expression of PTHrP, PTHR1 and hedgehog receptors increased during IVD degeneration. Hedgehog and PTHR1 immunopositivity were increased in nucleus pulposus tissue with abundant vs no/low calcification. In vitro, hedgehog proteins facilitated calcification in CLCs, whereas PTHrP did not affect calcification levels. In conclusion, hedgehog and PTHrP expression is present in healthy and degenerated IVDs. Hedgehog proteins had the propensity to induce calcification in CLCs from degenerated IVDs, indicating that in the future, inhibiting hedgehog signaling could be an approach to inhibit calcification during IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim M. de Rooij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Frank M. Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Willem A. M. de Jong
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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32
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Szegeczki V, Bauer B, Jüngling A, Fülöp BD, Vágó J, Perényi H, Tarantini S, Tamás A, Zákány R, Reglődi D, Juhász T. Age-related alterations of articular cartilage in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene-deficient mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:775-793. [PMID: 31655957 PMCID: PMC6925077 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an evolutionarly conserved neuropeptide which is produced by various neuronal and non-neuronal cells, including cartilage and bone cells. PACAP has trophic functions in tissue development, and it also plays a role in cellular and tissue aging. PACAP takes part in the regulation of chondrogenesis, which prevents insufficient cartilage formation caused by oxidative and mechanical stress. PACAP knockout (KO) mice have been shown to display early aging signs affecting several organs. In the present work, we investigated articular cartilage of knee joints in young and aged wild-type (WT) and PACAP KO mice. A significant increase in the thickness of articular cartilage was detected in aged PACAP gene-deficient mice. Amongst PACAP receptors, dominantly PAC1 receptor was expressed in WT knee joints and a remarkable decrease was found in aged PACAP KO mice. Expression of PKA-regulated transcription factors, Sox5, Sox9 and CREB, decreased both in young and aged gene deficient mice, while Sox6, collagen type II and aggrecan expressions were elevated in young but were reduced in aged PACAP KO animals. Increased expression of hyaluronan (HA) synthases and HA-binding proteins was detected parallel with an elevated presence of HA in aged PACAP KO mice. Expression of bone related collagens (I and X) was augmented in young and aged animals. These results suggest that loss of PACAP signaling results in dysregulation of cartilage matrix composition and may transform articular cartilage in a way that it becomes more prone to degenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Szegeczki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bauer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Adél Jüngling
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Balázs Daniel Fülöp
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Judit Vágó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Helga Perényi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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33
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Fu R, Han F, Liu L, Yu F, Gui Z, Wang X, Li B, Fang B, Xia L. The Effects of Leptin on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Primary Chondrocytes in Vitro and Cartilage Regeneration in Vivo. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1907-1919. [PMID: 33405564 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Gui
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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34
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Tachmazidou I, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Esparza-Gordillo J, Haberland V, Zheng J, Johnson T, Koprulu M, Zengini E, Steinberg J, Wilkinson JM, Bhatnagar S, Hoffman JD, Buchan N, Süveges D, Yerges-Armstrong L, Smith GD, Gaunt TR, Scott RA, McCarthy LC, Zeggini E. Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank data. Nat Genet 2019; 51:230-236. [PMID: 30664745 PMCID: PMC6400267 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease and the leading cause of disability globally. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study for osteoarthritis (77,052 cases and 378,169 controls), analysing 4 phenotypes: knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, knee and/or hip osteoarthritis, and any osteoarthritis. We discover 64 signals, 52 of them novel, more than doubling the number of established disease loci. Six signals fine map to a single variant. We identify putative effector genes by integrating eQTL colocalization, fine-mapping, human rare disease, animal model, and osteoarthritis tissue expression data. We find enrichment for genes underlying monogenic forms of bone development diseases, and for the collagen formation and extracellular matrix organisation biological pathways. Ten of the likely effector genes, including TGFB1, FGF18, CTSK and IL11 have therapeutics approved or in clinical trials, with mechanisms of action supportive of evaluation for efficacy in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Valeriia Haberland
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- Target Sciences-R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Mine Koprulu
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleni Zengini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,5th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy M Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sahir Bhatnagar
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Natalie Buchan
- Target Sciences-R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Dániel Süveges
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- Target Sciences-R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Linda C McCarthy
- Target Sciences-R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK. .,Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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35
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Icariin Reduces Cartilage Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis and is Associated with the Changes in Expression of Indian Hedgehog and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6695-6706. [PMID: 30244259 PMCID: PMC6180903 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the role of icariin, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine extracted from Epimedium, in osteoarthritis (OA), using the murine anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced model of OA and micromass culture of murine chondrocytes. Material/Methods Twenty-four three-month-old C57/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (no surgery and joint injection with normal saline) (N=8); the ACLT + ICA group (ACLT surgery and icariin treatment) (N=8); and the ACLT group (ACLT surgery and joint injection with normal saline) (N=8). At 12 weeks after ACLT surgery, murine articular cartilage was harvested from all mice for histological evaluation of any differences in cartilage degeneration. In vitro micromass culture of mouse chondrocytes was used to study the effects of icariin on chondrocyte differentiation and growth from the three mouse groups. Results Icariin treatment (mice in the ACLT + ICA group) significantly reduced degeneration of cartilage in OA with increased cartilage thickness, associated with increased expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), decreased chondrocyte hypertrophy, and decreased expression of collagen type X (ColX) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). In vitro, icariin promoted chondrocyte differentiation by upregulating the expression of agrrecan, Sox9 and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PHrP) and down-regulation of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and genes regulated by Ihh. Conclusions In a mouse model of OA icariin treatment reduced destruction of cartilage, promoted chondrocyte differentiation, upregulated expression of PHrP and down-regulated the expression of Ihh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Stomatology Disease Centre, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanliang Huang
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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