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Altundemir S, Lashkarinia SS, Pekkan K, Uğuz AK. Interstitial flow, pressure and residual stress in the aging carotid artery model in FEBio. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:179-192. [PMID: 37668853 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are subject to interstitial flow-induced shear stress, which is a critical parameter in cardiovascular disease progression. Transmural pressure loading and residual stresses alter the hydraulic conductivity of the arterial layers and modulate the interstitial fluid flux through the arterial wall. In this paper, a biphasic multilayer model of a common carotid artery (CCA) with anisotropic fiber-reinforced soft tissue and strain-dependent permeability is developed in FEBio software. After the verification of the numerical predictions, age-related arterial thickening and stiffening effects on arterial deformation and interstitial flow are computed under physiological geometry and physical parameters. We found that circumferential residual stress shifts outward in each layer and its gradient increases up to 6 times with aging. Internally pressurized CCA displays nonlinear deformation. In the aged artery, the circumferential stress becomes greater on the media layer (82-158 kPa) and lower on the intima and adventitia (19-23 kPa and 25-28 kPa, respectively). The radial compression of the intima reduces the total hydraulic conductivity by 48% in the young and 16% in the aged arterial walls. Consequently, the average radial interstitial flux increases with pressure by 14% in the young and 91% in the aged arteries. Accordingly, the flow shear stress experienced by the VSMCs becomes more significant for aged arteries, which may accelerate cardiovascular disease progression compared to young arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Altundemir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.
| | - S Samaneh Lashkarinia
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - A Kerem Uğuz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.
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Crandall CL, Wu Y, Kailash KA, Bersi MR, Halabi CM, Wagenseil JE. Changes in transmural mass transport correlate with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm diameter in a fibulin-4 E57K knockin mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H113-H124. [PMID: 37267118 PMCID: PMC10292979 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00036.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is characterized by dilation of the aortic diameter by greater than 50%, which can lead to dissection or rupture. Common histopathology includes extracellular matrix remodeling that may affect transmural mass transport, defined as the movement of fluids and solutes across the wall. We measured in vitro ascending thoracic aorta mass transport in a mouse model with partial aneurysm phenotype penetration due to a mutation in the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-4 [Fbln4E57K/E57K, referred to as MU-A (aneurysm) or MU-NA (no aneurysm)]. To push the aneurysm phenotype, we also included MU mice with reduced levels of lysyl oxidase [Fbln4E57K/E57K;Lox+/-, referred to as MU-XA (extreme aneurysm)] and compared all groups to wild-type (WT) littermates. The phenotype variation allows investigation of how aneurysm severity correlates with mass transport parameters and extracellular matrix organization. We found that MU-NA ascending thoracic aortae have similar hydraulic conductance (Lp) to WT, but 397% higher solute permeability (ω) for 4 kDa FITC-dextran. In contrast, MU-A and MU-XA ascending thoracic aortae have 44-68% lower Lp and similar ω to WT. The results suggest that ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm progression involves an initial increase in ω, followed by a decrease in Lp after the aneurysm has formed. All MU ascending thoracic aortae are longer and have increased elastic fiber fragmentation in the extracellular matrix. There is a negative correlation between diameter and Lp or ω in MU ascending thoracic aortae. Changes in mass transport due to elastic fiber fragmentation could contribute to aneurysm progression or be leveraged for treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transmural mass transport is quantified in the ascending thoracic aorta of mice with a mutation in fibulin-4 that is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Fluid and solute transport depend on aneurysm severity, correlate with elastic fiber fragmentation, and may be affected by proteoglycan deposition. Transport properties of the ascending thoracic aorta are provided and can be used in computational models. The changes in mass transport may contribute to aneurysm progression or be leveraged for aneurysm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Crandall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Keshav A Kailash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Mathew R Bersi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Pediatric Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Crandall CL, Kim SY, Rother J, Lee VS, Mecham RP, Wagenseil JE. Increases in hydraulic conductance and solute permeability in a mouse model of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. J Biomech 2022; 145:111360. [PMID: 36334323 PMCID: PMC9808669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Large elastic arteries, such as the aorta, contain concentric layers of elastic laminae composed mainly of the extracellular matrix protein elastin. The structure of the elastic laminae could affect transmural mass transport and contribute to aortic disease progression. We studied the effects of a genetic mutation (LoxM292R/+, referred to as MU) in mice associated with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) on the mass transport and elastic laminae structure. Solute absent fluid flux and hydraulic conductance through the ascending aortic wall were not significantly different between groups, however solute present fluid flux, hydraulic conductance, solute flux, and solute permeability of 4 kDa FITC-dextran were significantly increased in the MU group, indicating that movement of small molecules into the aortic wall is facilitated in MU mice. Quantification from light microscopy images of the ascending aorta showed no significant differences in wall thickness, or inner elastic lamina fenestration size and density, but an increase in the number of elastic laminae breaks in the MU group. Ultrastructural comparisons from transmission electron micrographs suggest less dense and disorganized elastic laminae in MU aorta that may also contribute to the transport differences. Our results provide an initial investigation into the connections between mass transport and elastic laminae structure, specifically in a genetic mouse aneurysm model, which can be further used to understand TAA pathology and develop treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Crandall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sean Y Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jacob Rother
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vivian S Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Electroresponsive Hydrogel-Based Switching Components for Soft, Bioelectrical, and Fluidic Circuits. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3206755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of various soft components for fluid circuits is conducive to the further development of soft robots. The electroresponsive hydrogel is applied to build a functional oscillator in the study conducted. Based on the multiphasic mixture model, the deformation of the hydrogel under external electric fields is analyzed through COMSOL Multiphysics simulator. Owing to the characteristics of the hydrogel that it will deform in response to electric field, the hydrogel is employed to control fluidic circuits, resulting in a novel controllable functional soft oscillator.
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Rohanifar M, Johnston BB, Davis AL, Guang Y, Nommensen K, Fitzpatrick JA, Pham CN, Setton LA. Hydraulic permeability and compressive properties of porcine and human synovium. Biophys J 2022; 121:575-581. [PMID: 35032457 PMCID: PMC8874024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovium is a multilayer connective tissue separating the intra-articular spaces of the diarthrodial joint from the extra-synovial vascular and lymphatic supply. Synovium regulates drug transport into and out of the joint, yet its material properties remain poorly characterized. Here, we measured the compressive properties (aggregate modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio) and hydraulic permeability of synovium with a combined experimental-computational approach. A compressive aggregate modulus and Young's modulus for the solid phase of synovium were quantified from linear regression of the equilibrium confined and unconfined compressive stress upon strain, respectively (HA = 4.3 ± 2.0 kPa, Es = 2.1 ± 0.75, porcine; HA = 3.1 ± 2.0 kPa, Es = 2.8 ± 1.7, human). Poisson's ratio was estimated to be 0.39 and 0.40 for porcine and human tissue, respectively, from moduli values in a Monte Carlo simulation. To calculate hydraulic permeability, a biphasic finite element model's predictions were numerically matched to experimental data for the time-varying ramp and hold phase of a single increment of applied strain (k = 7.4 ± 4.1 × 10-15 m4/N.s, porcine; k = 7.4 ± 4.3 × 10-15 m4/N.s, human). We can use these newly measured properties to predict fluid flow gradients across the tissue in response to previously reported intra-articular pressures. These values for material constants are to our knowledge the first available measurements in synovium that are necessary to better understand drug transport in both healthy and pathological joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rohanifar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin B. Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexandra L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Young Guang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kayla Nommensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James A.J. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christine N. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lori A. Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Corresponding author
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