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Sari M, Unver B, Kilinc HE, Tunc AR, Bek N. Effects of computer use on upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and function in academicians. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38766735 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2349408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of academician's demographic characteristics and computer usage habits on upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and function. Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 100 academicians. Data were collected using questionnaires, which included the patient-rated wrist evaluation questionnaire - Turkish version (PRWE-T), the Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire - Turkish version (CMDQ-T), the upper extremity functional index - Turkish version (UEFI-T), demographic characteristics and average daily computer usage time. Results. A low-level significant correlation was found between the age of the individuals and the CMDQ-T forearm (p = 0.044; r = 0.202) and CMDQ-T wrist (p = 0.001; r = 0.337) scores. Women had higher CMDQ-T neck scores and lower UEFI-T scores than men (p < 0.05). Academicians who used computers for 6 h a day or more had higher PRWE-T and CMDQ-T neck, shoulder, upper arm and forearm scores, and had a lower UEFI-T score (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Neck, shoulder, upper arm and forearm symptoms were higher and upper extremity function was impaired in academicians who used computers for 6 h a day or more. Besides, gender and age were associated with upper limb MSDs and function, but occupation duration did not affect those outcomes in academicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sari
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Lokman Hekim University, Turkey
| | - Banu Unver
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Lokman Hekim University, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erkan Kilinc
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Faculty, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Azize Reda Tunc
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Lokman Hekim University, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Bek
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Lokman Hekim University, Turkey
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Lee R, Akhundov R, James C, Edwards S, Snodgrass SJ. Variations in Concurrent Validity of Two Independent Inertial Measurement Units Compared to Gold Standard for Upper Body Posture during Computerised Device Use. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6761. [PMID: 37571544 PMCID: PMC10422555 DOI: 10.3390/s23156761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) may provide an objective method for measuring posture during computer use, but research is needed to validate IMUs' accuracy. We examine the concurrent validity of two different IMU systems in measuring three-dimensional (3D) upper body posture relative to a motion capture system (Mocap) as a potential device to assess postures outside a laboratory environment. We used 3D Mocap and two IMU systems (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) to capture the upper body posture of twenty-six individuals during three physical computer working conditions (monitor correct, monitor raised, and laptop). Coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) compared IMUs to Mocap. Head/neck segment [HN], upper trunk segment [UTS], and joint angle [HN-UTS] were the primary variables. Wi-Fi IMUs demonstrated high validity for HN and UTS (sagittal plane) and HN-UTS (frontal plane) for all conditions, and for HN rotation movements (both for the monitor correct and monitor raised conditions), others moderate to poor. Bluetooth IMUs for HN, and UTS (sagittal plane) for the monitor correct, laptop, and monitor raised conditions were moderate. Frontal plane movements except UTS (monitor correct and laptop) and all rotation had poor validity. Both IMU systems were affected by gyroscopic drift with sporadic data loss in Bluetooth IMUs. Wi-Fi IMUs had more acceptable accuracy when measuring upper body posture during computer use compared to Mocap, except for trunk rotations. Variation in IMU systems' performance suggests validation in the task-specific movement(s) is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lee
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Riad Akhundov
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Carole James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Akkarakittichoke N, Waongenngarm P, Janwantanakul P. Effects of Postural Shifting Frequency on Perceived Musculoskeletal Discomfort During 1-Hour Sitting in Office Workers. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2023; 46:76-85. [PMID: 37777939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of postural shifting frequency on perceived musculoskeletal discomfort during 1 hour of sitting in healthy office workers. METHODS An experimental study comparing 3 different postural shifting frequencies was conducted on 60 healthy office workers who were asked to sit for an hour. The effects of 3 postural shifts (ie, 10, 20, and 30 times/h) on discomfort, measured by Borg's CR-10 scale, were compared. A seat pressure mat was used to confirm an individual's postural shift. RESULTS Postural shifting frequency of 10 to 30 times/h had significant effects on perceived discomfort in the neck, shoulder, and upper and lower back during 1-hour sitting. At the neck and shoulder, a postural shifting frequency of 30 times/h significantly reduced perceived discomfort compared to a postural shifting frequency of 10 times/h during 1-hour sitting. At the upper and lower back, a postural shifting frequency of 20 to 30 times/h significantly reduced perceived discomfort compared to a postural shifting frequency of 10 times/h. CONCLUSION Postural shifts of 30 times/h provided buffering effects on perceived musculoskeletal discomfort at the neck, shoulder, and upper and lower back.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Akkarakittichoke
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pooriput Waongenngarm
- Faculty of Health Science Technology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prawit Janwantanakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Loh PY, Choi J, Lin Y. Impact of task variation and microbreaks on muscle fatigue at seated and standing postures. Work 2023; 76:1039-1045. [PMID: 37182852 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged and sustained work posture among computer users is one of the main factors that contributes to musculoskeletal discomfort. Rest-break interventions such as task variation and microbreaks may help prevent muscle fatigue and work-related musculoskeletal disorder. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of task variation and microbreaks at seated and standing workstations on forearm muscle activity, namely extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris; mouse operation force (vertical compression force); mouse operation parameters; and perceived body discomfort during mouse operation. METHODS Twelve healthy right-handed young adults were recruited (male: n = 7, 21.6±1.4 years; female: n = 5, 21.4±1.7 years). Participants performed three blocks of computer tasks (computer mouse operation and typing) in both seated and standing postures with each block lasting for 30 min. Surface electromyography (EMG) of the forearm muscles and operation force were monitored during computer mouse operation. Body discomfort rating was recorded at the end of each block. RESULTS With simulated task variation and microbreaks, work posture and work time showed no significant difference with EMG amplitude and mouse operation force. CONCLUSION Task variation and microbreaks could be of benefit to computer users by reducing muscle fatigue during long hours of computer work at both seated and standing workstations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yeap Loh
- Department of Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jeewon Choi
- Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Lin
- Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Waongenngarm P, van der Beek AJ, Janwantanakul P, Akkarakittichoke N, Coenen P. Can the Borg CR-10 scale for neck and low back discomfort predict future neck and low back pain among high-risk office workers? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1881-1889. [PMID: 35650349 PMCID: PMC9630392 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Perceived discomfort could indicate an early sign of pain, for example, as a result of a biomechanical load on the musculoskeletal system. Assessing discomfort can, therefore, help to identify workers at increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders for targeted intervention development. We aimed: (1) to identify the optimal cut-off value of neck and low back discomfort among office workers and (2) to evaluate its predictive validity with future neck and low back pain, respectively. Methods At baseline healthy participants (n = 100) completed questionnaires, including the Borg CR-10 discomfort scale (on a 0–10 scale), and were followed for six months, during which musculoskeletal pain was assessed monthly. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of baseline discomfort with the onset of future neck or low back pain. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were estimated to identify the optimal discomfort cut-off value predicting future pain. Results Borg CR-10 scores ≥ 3.5 for perceived neck and low back discomfort had acceptable sensitivity and specificity to predict future neck and low back pain, respectively. Perceived discomfort at baseline as a dichotomous measure (using the ≥ 3.5 cut-off) was a statistically significant predictor of future neck pain (OR = 10.33) and low back pain (OR = 11.81). Conclusion We identified the optimal cut-off value of the Borg CR-10 discomfort scale to identify office workers at increased risk of developing neck and low back pain. These findings might benefit ergonomists, primary health care providers, and occupational health researchers in developing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooriput Waongenngarm
- Faculty of Health Science Technology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prawit Janwantanakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipaporn Akkarakittichoke
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Differences in upper body posture between individuals with and without chronic idiopathic neck pain during computerised device use: A 3D motion analysis study. Gait Posture 2022; 95:30-37. [PMID: 35413641 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer use is associated with poor postures and increased risk of developing neck pain. Evaluating differences in working posture of individuals with and without chronic neck pain may assist the development of strategies to lessen or prevent pain. OBJECTIVE To identify if upper body kinematics differs between individuals with and without chronic idiopathic neck pain during four conditions (tablet, laptop, and desktop computer sitting and standing). METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) motion capture measured upper body kinematics in 44 individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain > 90 days (Cases n = 22) and without pain (Control n = 22), during a typing task under four conditions: tablet, laptop, desktop computer (sitting and standing). Differences between groups were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models. RESULTS Across all conditions and compared to controls, cases had significantly less flexion between their head-neck and upper trunk segments (between group mean difference 7.15°, 2.1, 12.2, p = .006), greater upper trunk flexion relative to the laboratory (-6.15°, -10.9, -1.3, p = .012), greater shoulder flexion bilaterally (left 12.35°, 6.7, 17.9, p < .001; right 13.49°, 7.9, 19.1, p < .001) and less right elbow flexion (-6.87°, -12.1, -1.7, p = .010). Approaching significance, the case group had less left elbow flexion (between group mean difference -5.36°, -10.9, 0.1, p = .056) and a smaller mean craniocervical angle for the seated desktop condition (group x condition interaction -6.37°; 95% CI -12.7, -0.1, p = .052). SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with neck pain consistently used different upper body postures compared to individuals without pain when working on computerised devices under varying workstation conditions. This finding suggests that people with neck pain work in potentially aggravating postures that may be associated with their pain.
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Dekker MC, van Egmond R, Molenbroek JFM, Vink P. Developments in work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD) amongst Dutch university students from 2004 to 2014. Work 2021; 69:379-394. [PMID: 34092687 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Former studies on work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD) within university education report substantial prevalence rates. In this study, developments in WRULD amongst students in the period 2004-2014 were investigated. Our findings can be a benchmark for future studies, in particular when there are major societal changes as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE Differences in time (academic year), how long students have been studying (year of studying), relations with computer time and societal changes were points of interest. METHODS 2254 students (average age 20.0 years) responded to a questionnaire on WRULD. Students experiencing complaints were further questioned about the severity of complaints and associated body locations. RESULTS The average percentage of students experiencing complaints was 57%. The highest prevalence rates and severity scores were found in the first and last recorded academic years. The neck, shoulder, back and wrist were most often indicated. The prevalence of complaints raised from the 1st (49%) to the 4th (75%) year of studying. Two seriousness measures showed highest scores in the 5th/6th/7th year of studying. Relations were found between both the prevalence and seriousness of complaints with reported computer time. CONCLUSIONS After an initial decreasing trend from the academic year 2006/2007 to 2010/2011 there was an increase in WRULD amongst students from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014. Limiting financial and study time factors may have played a role. Structural attention for WRULD prevention and risk factors seems to be effective in reducing prevalence and severity of WRULD. This seems to be even more necessary due to recent COVID-related changes in the students' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke C Dekker
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - René van Egmond
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johan F M Molenbroek
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vink
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Parry SP, Coenen P, Shrestha N, O'Sullivan PB, Maher CG, Straker LM. Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD012487. [PMID: 31742666 PMCID: PMC6953379 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012487.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers is high. Interventions that promote occupational standing or walking have been found to reduce occupational sedentary time, but it is unclear whether these interventions ameliorate musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to increase standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, OSH UPDATE, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to January 2019. We also screened reference lists of primary studies and contacted experts to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), quasi RCTs, and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies of interventions to reduce or break up workplace sitting by encouraging standing or walking in the workplace among workers with musculoskeletal symptoms. The primary outcome was self-reported intensity or presence of musculoskeletal symptoms by body region and the impact of musculoskeletal symptoms such as pain-related disability. We considered work performance and productivity, sickness absenteeism, and adverse events such as venous disorders or perinatal complications as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for study eligibility. These review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted study authors to request additional data when required. We used GRADE considerations to assess the quality of evidence provided by studies that contributed to the meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS We found ten studies including three RCTs, five cluster RCTs, and two CBA studies with a total of 955 participants, all from high-income countries. Interventions targeted changes to the physical work environment such as provision of sit-stand or treadmill workstations (four studies), an activity tracker (two studies) for use in individual approaches, and multi-component interventions (five studies). We did not find any studies that specifically targeted only the organisational level components. Two studies assessed pain-related disability. Physical work environment There was no significant difference in the intensity of low back symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.80 to 0.10; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) nor in the intensity of upper back symptoms (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -.096 to 0.00; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) in the short term (less than six months) for interventions using sit-stand workstations compared to no intervention. No studies examined discomfort outcomes at medium (six to less than 12 months) or long term (12 months and more). No significant reduction in pain-related disability was noted when a sit-stand workstation was used compared to when no intervention was provided in the medium term (mean difference (MD) -0.4, 95% CI -2.70 to 1.90; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). Individual approach There was no significant difference in the intensity or presence of low back symptoms (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.87 to 0.77; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), upper back symptoms (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.92 to 0.84; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.68 to 0.78; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), shoulder symptoms (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.90; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), or elbow/wrist and hand symptoms (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.90; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions involving an activity tracker compared to an alternative intervention or no intervention in the short term. No studies provided outcomes at medium term, and only one study examined outcomes at long term. Organisational level No studies evaluated the effects of interventions solely targeted at the organisational level. Multi-component approach There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants reporting low back symptoms (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.27; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.32; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence), shoulder symptoms (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.12 to 5.80; 2 RCTs; very low-quality evidence), and upper back symptoms (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.32; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions using a multi-component approach compared to no intervention in the short term. Only one RCT examined outcomes at medium term and found no significant difference in low back symptoms (MD -0.40, 95% CI -1.95 to 1.15; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence), upper back symptoms (MD -0.70, 95% CI -2.12 to 0.72; low-quality evidence), and leg symptoms (MD -0.80, 95% CI -2.49 to 0.89; low-quality evidence). There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants reporting low back symptoms (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.40; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.08; two RCTs; low-quality evidence), and upper back symptoms (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.08 to 3.29; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions using a multi-component approach compared to no intervention in the long term. There was a statistically significant reduction in pain-related disability following a multi-component intervention compared to no intervention in the medium term (MD -8.80, 95% CI -17.46 to -0.14; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently available limited evidence does not show that interventions to increase standing or walking in the workplace reduced musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers at short-, medium-, or long-term follow up. The quality of evidence is low or very low, largely due to study design and small sample sizes. Although the results of this review are not statistically significant, some interventions targeting the physical work environment are suggestive of an intervention effect. Therefore, in the future, larger cluster-RCTs recruiting participants with baseline musculoskeletal symptoms and long-term outcomes are needed to determine whether interventions to increase standing or walking can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers and can be sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P Parry
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
- VU University Medical CenterDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Researchvan der Boechorststraat 7AmsterdamNetherlands1081BT
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
| | - Christopher G Maher
- University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthLevel 10 North, King George V Building, Missenden Road, CamperdownSydneyNSWAustralia2050
| | - Leon M Straker
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
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Coenen P, van der Molen HF, Burdorf A, Huysmans MA, Straker L, Frings-Dresen MHW, van der Beek AJ. Associations of screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:502-509. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesIt has often been suggested that screen work (ie, work on desktop, laptop, notebook or tablet computers) is a risk factor for neck and upper extremity symptoms. However, an up-to-date overview and quantification of evidence are lacking. We aimed to systematically review the association of exposure to screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms from prospective studies.MethodsAn electronic database search (PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Scopus) for prospective studies on the association of exposure to screen work and musculoskeletal symptoms was conducted. Studies were synthesised regarding extracted data and risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted.ResultsAfter screening 3423 unique references, 19 articles from 12 studies (with 18 538 participants) were included for the current review, with the most recent exposure assessment reported in 2005. Studies described duration and input frequency of screen work (ie, computer, keyboard and mouse use, assessed using self-reports or software recordings) and musculoskeletal symptoms (ie, self-reported neck/shoulder and distal upper extremity symptoms and diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]). Although there was overall an increased occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms with larger exposure to screen work (relative risk: 1.11 [1.03 1.19]), findings were rather inconsistent with weaker (and statistically non-significant) risks when screen work was assessed by software recording (1.05 [0.91 1.21]) compared to with self-report (1.14 [1.03 1.19]).ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of musculoskeletal symptoms with screen work. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, and it is striking that it lacks information from contemporary screen work using laptop, notebook or tablet computers.
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Zetterberg C, Forsman M, Richter HO. Neck/shoulder discomfort due to visually demanding experimental near work is influenced by previous neck pain, task duration, astigmatism, internal eye discomfort and accommodation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182439. [PMID: 28832612 PMCID: PMC5568144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visually demanding near work can cause eye discomfort, and eye and neck/shoulder discomfort during, e.g., computer work are associated. To investigate direct effects of experimental near work on eye and neck/shoulder discomfort, 33 individuals with chronic neck pain and 33 healthy control subjects performed a visual task four times using four different trial lenses (referred to as four different viewing conditions), and they rated eye and neck/shoulder discomfort at baseline and after each task. Since symptoms of eye discomfort may differ depending on the underlying cause, two categories were used; internal eye discomfort, such as ache and strain, that may be caused by accommodative or vergence stress; and external eye discomfort, such as burning and smarting, that may be caused by dry-eye disorders. The cumulative performance time (reflected in the temporal order of the tasks), astigmatism, accommodation response and concurrent symptoms of internal eye discomfort all aggravated neck/shoulder discomfort, but there was no significant effect of external eye discomfort. There was also an interaction effect between the temporal order and internal eye discomfort: participants with a greater mean increase in internal eye discomfort also developed more neck/shoulder discomfort with time. Since moderate musculoskeletal symptoms are a risk factor for more severe symptoms, it is important to ensure a good visual environment in occupations involving visually demanding near work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Zetterberg
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikael Forsman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans O. Richter
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Yeap Loh P, Liang Yeoh W, Nakashima H, Muraki S. Impact of keyboard typing on the morphological changes of the median nerve. J Occup Health 2017; 59:408-417. [PMID: 28701627 PMCID: PMC5635149 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0058-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate the effects of continuous typing on median nerve changes at the carpal tunnel region at two different keyboard slopes (0° and 20°). The secondary objective was to investigate the differences in wrist kinematics and the changes in wrist anthropometric measurements when typing at the two different keyboard slopes. Methods: Fifteen healthy right-handed young men were recruited. A randomized sequence of the conditions (control, typing I, and typing II) was assigned to each participant. Wrist anthropometric measurements, wrist kinematics data collection and ultrasound examination to the median nerve was performed at designated time block. Results: Typing activity and time block do not cause significant changes to the wrist anthropometric measurements. The wrist measurements remained similar across all the time blocks in the three conditions. Subsequently, the wrist extensions and ulnar deviations were significantly higher in both the typing I and typing II conditions than in the control condition for both wrists (p<0.05). Additionally, the median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) significantly increased in both the typing I and typing II conditions after the typing task than before the typing task. The MNCSA significantly decreased in the recovery phase after the typing task. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the immediate changes in the median nerve after continuous keyboard typing. Changes in the median nerve were greater during typing using a keyboard tilted at 20° than during typing using a keyboard tilted at 0°. The main findings suggest wrist posture near to neutral position caused lower changes of the median nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yeap Loh
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Wen Liang Yeoh
- Department of Human Science, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroki Nakashima
- Department of Human Science, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University
| | - Satoshi Muraki
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University
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12
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Nicolakakis N, Stock SR, Abrahamowicz M, Kline R, Messing K. Relations between work and upper extremity musculoskeletal problems (UEMSP) and the moderating role of psychosocial work factors on the relation between computer work and UEMSP. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Physical risk factors for developing non-specific neck pain in office workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:373-410. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Bau JG, Chia T, Wei SH, Li YH, Kuo FC. Correlations of Neck/Shoulder Perfusion Characteristics and Pain Symptoms of the Female Office Workers with Sedentary Lifestyle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169318. [PMID: 28060875 PMCID: PMC5217948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Modern office workers are often impacted by chronic neck/shoulder pain. Most of the previous studies which investigated the relationship of the occupational factors and musculoskeletal symptoms had adopted questionnaire survey. In this study the microcirculatory characteristics and perceived symptoms in neck/shoulder region were compared among office workers with sedentary lifestyle. METHODS Thirty-seven female office workers were recruited in this study. Microcirculatory flow in neck/shoulder region characterized by the mean blood flow (MMBF value), pulsatile blood flow (PMBF value), and the PMBF/MMBF ratio (perfusion pulsatility, PP) were investigated using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). A Chinese version of the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) were also administered to collect the information of perceived neck/shoulder symptoms. Correlations between the perfusion characteristics and the individual/occupational factors were analyzed using the Spearman test. The difference of the MMBF values between the low-pain group (pain level≤2) and the high-pain group (pain level>2) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS There were 81% participants reported neck or shoulder pain symptoms. The duration of shoulder pain was significantly correlated with the workers' age and the duration of employment (p<0.01) (n = 37). While both the MMBF and PMBF values in shoulder region were significantly reduced with the workers' age and the duration of employment (p<0.05) (n = 27). And there was a 54% reduction in the MMBF value of the workers from age of 23 to 47. And the MMBF value of the high-pain group (n = 15) was significantly lower than the value of the low-pain group (n = 15) (p<0.05). The duration of shoulder pain showed a moderately negative correlation with PMBF values (n = 19). Besides, the PP value was moderately correlated with shoulder pain level attributed by the rapid reduction of MMBF values (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION In this study, the LDF method was used for the first time in the workplace in Taiwan. It was demonstrated that the MMBF in shoulder region were affected by aging effect and towards lower value at higher pain level. Impaired microcirculation caused by age effect, when coupled with sedentary lifestyle, was found to be more likely to evoke ischemia shoulder pain. Further studies are needed to assess current indicator, PP value, and the underlying mechanism of pain caused by sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Bau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Taipau Chia
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Shan-Hua Wei
- Neurology Surgery, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Hui Li
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fun-Chie Kuo
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Parry SP, Coenen P, O'Sullivan PB, Maher CG, Straker LM. Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P Parry
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; van der Boechorststraat 7 Amsterdam Netherlands 1081BT
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
| | - Christopher G Maher
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health; PO Box M201 Missenden Road Sydney NSW Australia 2050
| | - Leon M Straker
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are frequently related to computer use in the workplace. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the evidence in the literature concerning the putative association between neck, shoulder, and upper-limb disorders and occupational exposure to use of a computer and its devices. We searched the scientific literature via PubMed, using specific search strategies, including substrings tailored to retrieve papers about: (1) occupational etiology; (2) computer use; and (3) different upper-limb disorders. We intended to include, in our evaluation, systematic reviews and relevant, informative papers published later on. We were able to retrieve 11 systematic reviews and 11 informative studies regarding neck, shoulder, and upper-limb disorders. There is limited/insufficient and/or inconsistent evidence indicating that computer work may be associated to neck, shoulder, or distal arm complaints. There is sufficient evidence indicating no association between carpal tunnel syndrome and computer work. There are no studies regarding the use of computers and some neck, shoulder, and upper-limb diseases, such as tennis elbow and trigger finger. Applying the general principles of ergonomics to computer work is probably the correct strategy to pursue, with the aim of maintaining office workers' well-being.
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17
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van Vledder N, Louw Q. The effect of a workstation chair and computer screen height adjustment on neck and upper back musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2015; 71:279. [PMID: 30135880 PMCID: PMC6093093 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v71i1.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in office workers. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine, including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods A single subject (N = 1) study, in which the subject serves as her own control, was conducted using the ABC design. An ergonomic workstation adjustment of VDU and chair height was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort was measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over three four-week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration in sitting comfort was noted. Conclusion The vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit may have contributed to a decrease in work-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from work-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quinette Louw
- Division of Physiotherapy, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
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18
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Zhang Y, Deng G, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Gao X, Di L, Che Q, Du X, Cai Y, Han X, Zhao Q. A cross sectional study between the prevalence of chronic pain and academic pressure in adolescents in China (Shanghai). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:219. [PMID: 26296558 PMCID: PMC4546215 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of four types of chronic pain (headache, abdominal pain, neck and shoulder pain (NSP), and low back pain (LBP)) and to explore the relationship between the prevalence of chronic pain and self-reported academic pressure in high school students in Shanghai, China. Method Three thousand students were randomly surveyed on related issues using a questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Among the 2849 high school students who completed the questionnaire, the overall prevalence rates of headache, abdominal pain, NSP, and LBP were 30.3, 20.9, 32.8, and 41.1 %, respectively. The students in general experienced a heavy burden of learning, a high level of stress, and sleep deprivation, which were closely related to the four types of chronic pain. Conclusion Chronic pain is a common condition in Chinese adolescents and is closely related to self-reported academic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Guoying Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Liqing Di
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Qianzi Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xuedong Han
- Department of General Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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19
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Zetterberg C, Richter HO, Forsman M. Temporal Co-Variation between Eye Lens Accommodation and Trapezius Muscle Activity during a Dynamic Near-Far Visual Task. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126578. [PMID: 25961299 PMCID: PMC4427187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near work is associated with increased activity in the neck and shoulder muscles, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. This study was designed to determine whether a dynamic change in focus, alternating between a nearby and a more distant visual target, produces a direct parallel change in trapezius muscle activity. Fourteen healthy controls and 12 patients with a history of visual and neck/shoulder symptoms performed a Near-Far visual task under three different viewing conditions; one neutral condition with no trial lenses, one condition with negative trial lenses to create increased accommodation, and one condition with positive trial lenses to create decreased accommodation. Eye lens accommodation and trapezius muscle activity were continuously recorded. The trapezius muscle activity was significantly higher during Near than during Far focusing periods for both groups within the neutral viewing condition, and there was a significant co-variation in time between accommodation and trapezius muscle activity within the neutral and positive viewing conditions for the control group. In conclusion, these results reveal a connection between Near focusing and increased muscle activity during dynamic changes in focus between a nearby and a far target. A direct link, from the accommodation/vergence system to the trapezius muscles cannot be ruled out, but the connection may also be explained by an increased need for eye-neck (head) stabilization when focusing on a nearby target as compared to a more distant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Zetterberg
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans O. Richter
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mikael Forsman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Lee SJ, You D, Gillen M, Blanc PD. Psychosocial work factors in new or recurrent injuries among hospital workers: a prospective study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:1141-8. [PMID: 25761631 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for psychosocial work factors in injury, but little is known about the interaction between psychosocial factors and previous injury experience on subsequent injury risk. We examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and new or recurrent injury among hospital workers. METHODS We studied 492 hospital workers including 116 cases with baseline injury and 376 injury-free referents at baseline over follow-up. Job strain, total support, effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment, and musculoskeletal injury at baseline were examined in logistic regression models as predictors of new or recurrent injury experienced during a 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS The overall cumulative incidence of injury over follow-up was 35.6 % (51.7 % for re-injury among baseline injury cases; 30.6 % for new injury among referents). Significantly increased risks with baseline job strain (OR 1.26; 95 % CI 1.02-1.55) and effort-reward imbalance (OR 1.42; 95 % CI 1.12-1.81) were observed for injury only among the referents. Overcommitment was associated with increased risk of injury only among the cases (OR 1.58; 95 % CI 1.05-2.39). CONCLUSIONS The effects of psychosocial work factors on new or recurrent injury risk appear to differ by previous injury experience, suggesting the need for differing preventive strategies in hospital workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Doohee You
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marion Gillen
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Blanc
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Eijckelhof BHW, Huysmans MA, Blatter BM, Leider PC, Johnson PW, van Dieën JH, Dennerlein JT, van der Beek AJ. Office workers' computer use patterns are associated with workplace stressors. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:1660-1667. [PMID: 25005311 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This field study examined associations between workplace stressors and office workers' computer use patterns. We collected keyboard and mouse activities of 93 office workers (68F, 25M) for approximately two work weeks. Linear regression analyses examined the associations between self-reported effort, reward, overcommitment, and perceived stress and software-recorded computer use duration, number of short and long computer breaks, and pace of input device usage. Daily duration of computer use was, on average, 30 min longer for workers with high compared to low levels of overcommitment and perceived stress. The number of short computer breaks (30 s-5 min long) was approximately 20% lower for those with high compared to low effort and for those with low compared to high reward. These outcomes support the hypothesis that office workers' computer use patterns vary across individuals with different levels of workplace stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda H W Eijckelhof
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Birgitte M Blatter
- Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Postbus 718, 2130 AS Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla C Leider
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, USA
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Bruno Garza JL, Eijckelhof BHW, Huysmans MA, Johnson PW, van Dieen JH, Catalano PJ, Katz JN, van der Beek AJ, Dennerlein JT. Prediction of trapezius muscle activity and shoulder, head, neck, and torso postures during computer use: results of a field study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:292. [PMID: 25186007 PMCID: PMC4161866 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to difficulties in performing direct measurements as an exposure assessment technique, evidence supporting an association between physical exposures such as neck and shoulder muscle activities and postures and musculoskeletal disorders during computer use is limited. Alternative exposure assessment techniques are needed. METHODS We predicted the median and range of amplitude (90th-10th percentiles) of trapezius muscle activity and the median and range of motion (90th-10th percentiles) of shoulder, head, neck, and torso postures based on two sets of parameters: the distribution of keyboard/mouse/idle activities only ("task-based" predictions), and a comprehensive set of task, questionnaire, workstation, and anthropometric parameters ("expanded model" predictions). We compared the task-based and expanded model predictions based on R2 values, root mean squared (RMS) errors, and relative RMS errors calculated compared to direct measurements. RESULTS The expanded model predictions of the median and range of amplitude of trapezius muscle activity had consistently better R2 values (range 0.40-0.55 compared to 0.00-0.06), RMS errors (range 2-3%MVC compared to 3-4%MVC), and relative RMS errors (range 10-14%MVC compared to 16-19%MVC) than the task-based predictions. The expanded model predictions of the median and range of amplitude of postures also had consistently better R2 values (range 0.22-0.58 compared to 0.00-0.35), RMS errors (range 2-14 degrees compared to 3-22 degrees), and relative RMS errors (range 9-21 degrees compared to 13-42 degrees) than the task-based predictions. CONCLUSIONS The variation in physical exposures across users performing the same task is large, especially in comparison to the variation across tasks. Thus, expanded model predictions of physical exposures during computer use should be used rather than task-based predictions to improve exposure assessment for future epidemiological studies. Clinically, this finding also indicates that computer users will have differences in their physical exposures even when performing the same tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bruno Garza
- />Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
- />Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, USA
| | - Belinda HW Eijckelhof
- />Department of Public and Occupational Health VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Huysmans
- />Department of Public and Occupational Health VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W Johnson
- />Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, USA
| | - Jaap H van Dieen
- />Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Catalano
- />Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Boston, USA
- />Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Katz
- />Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- />Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- />Department of Public and Occupational Health VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- />Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Physical Therapy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
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Development of a neck pain risk score for predicting nonspecific neck pain with disability in office workers: a 1-year prospective cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2014; 37:468-75. [PMID: 25127997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a neck pain risk score for office workers (NROW) to identify office workers at risk for developing nonspecific neck pain with disability. METHODS A 1-year prospective cohort study of 559 healthy office workers was conducted. At baseline, risk factors were assessed using questionnaires and standardized physical examination. The incidence of neck pain was collected every month thereafter. Disability level was evaluated using the neck disability index. Logistic regression was used to select significant factors to build a risk score. The coefficients from the logistic regression model were transformed into the components of a risk score. RESULTS Among 535 (96%) participants who were followed up for 1 year, 23% reported incident neck pain with disability (≥5). After adjusting for confounders, the onset of neck pain with disability was significantly associated with history of neck pain, chair adjustability, and perceived muscular tension. Thus, the NROW comprises 3 questions about history of neck pain, chair adjustability, and perceived muscular tension. The NROW had scores ranging from 0 to 4. A cut-off score of at least 2 had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 48%. The positive and negative predictive values were 29% and 91%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75. CONCLUSION The risk score for nonspecific neck pain with disability in office workers was developed, and it contained 3 items with scores ranging from 0 to 4. This study shows that the score appears to have reasonable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values for the cut-off point of at least 2.
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Punnett L. Musculoskeletal disorders and occupational exposures: How should we judge the evidence concerning the causal association? Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:49-58. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494813517324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affecting the back, upper and lower extremities are widespread in the general population, implying a variety of causal factors. Multiple causes are not mutually exclusive, and a high background rate does not preclude associations with specific factors that are uncommon in the general population. MSDs have well-documented associations with occupational ergonomic stressors such as repetitive motion, heavy lifting, non-neutral postures, and vibration. Organizational features of the work environment, such as time pressure and low decision latitude, may also play a role, at least by potentiating the effects of physical loading. Numerous systematic reviews have mostly concurred with these overall findings. Nevertheless, some continue to debate whether MSDs are sometimes work-related, even for those performing jobs with repetitive and routinized tasks, heavy lifting, and/or pronounced postural strain. This article discusses (1) some epidemiologic features of MSDs that underlie that debate; and (2) the question of what should appropriately be considered a gold standard for scientific evidence on an etiological question such as the health effects of a non-voluntary exposure, such as an occupational or environmental agent. In particular, randomized clinical trials have little relevance for determining the health effects of non-therapeutic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Punnett
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
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Sihawong R, Janwantanakul P, Jiamjarasrangsi W. Effects of an exercise programme on preventing neck pain among office workers: a 12-month cluster-randomised controlled trial. Occup Environ Med 2013; 71:63-70. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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26
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Bruno Garza JL, Eijckelhof BH, Huysmans MA, Catalano PJ, Katz JN, Johnson PW, van Dieen JH, van der Beek AJ, Dennerlein JT. The effect of over-commitment and reward on trapezius muscle activity and shoulder, head, neck, and torso postures during computer use in the field. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:1190-200. [PMID: 23818000 PMCID: PMC4522287 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of reported associations of psychosocial factors and computer related musculoskeletal symptoms, we investigated the effects of a workplace psychosocial factor, reward, in the presence of over-commitment, on trapezius muscle activity and shoulder, head, neck, and torso postures during computer use. METHODS We measured 120 office workers across four groups (lowest/highest reward/over-commitment), performing their own computer work at their own workstations over a 2-hr period. RESULTS Median trapezius muscle activity (P = 0.04) and median neck flexion (P = 0.03) were largest for participants reporting simultaneously low reward and high over-commitment. No differences were observed for other muscle activities or postures. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the interaction of reward and over-commitment can affect upper extremity muscle activity and postures during computer use in the real work environment. This finding aligns with the hypothesized biomechanical pathway connecting workplace psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck and shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda H.W. Eijckelhof
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A. Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Catalano
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, U.S.A
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey N. Katz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, U.S.A
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, U.S.A
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, U.S.A
| | - Peter W. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, U.S.A
| | - Jaap H. van Dieen
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Allard J. van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T. Dennerlein
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, U.S.A
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy, Northeastern University, Boston, U.S.A
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