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Wang L, Ma Q, Fang B, Su Y, Lu W, Liu M, Li X, Liu J, He L. Shift work is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and elevated RBP4 level: cross sectional analysis from the OHSPIW cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1139. [PMID: 37312059 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work, with its growing prevalence globally, disrupts the body's inherent circadian rhythm. This disruption may escalate the risk of chronic diseasesxacerbate chronic disease risk by dysregulating physiological, behavioral, and psychosocial pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shift work on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) level. METHODS The current study employed a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique, examining 1499 oilfield workers from the OHSPIW cohort who participated in occupational health assessments between March 2017 and June 2018.The evaluation involved shift work, sleep quality, T2DM status with questionnaires and plasma RBP4 levels in blood samples. Statistical analysis includes, Chi-square tests, t-tests, multivariate logistic regression analyses, and multivariate linear mixed models. RESULTS The prevalence rate of T2DM in shift workers (6.56%) was significantly higher than in day workers (4.21%) (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01-2.53), with no significant difference found in the family history of diabetes, hypertension, or other chronic heart diseases (P = 0.378). The shift worker (6.89 ± 3.35) also exhibited distinctly higher PSQI scores than day workers (5.99 ± 2.87) (P < 0.001). Adjusting the age, gender, BMI, family income, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and PSQI, hailed shift work as a risk factor for T2DM (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.17-3.14). The pairwise comparison revealed significant differences in RBP4 levels across different groups: shift and non-shift workers both with and without T2DM (P < 0.001). The RBP4 level of the shift group without T2DM was higher than the non-shift group without T2DM (P < 0.05). The levels of RBP4 level in shift and non-shift groups with T2DM was higher than those without T2DM (P < 0.05). The multivariate linear mixed model showed that when age, gender, BMI, diabetes, PSQI, family income, smoking and drinking remained unchanged, the RBP4 level of the shift workers increased by an average of 9.51 μg/mL compared with the day workers. CONCLUSIONS Shift work is associated with an increased risk of T2DM and high levels of RBP4. Follow-up of RBP4 could facilitateearly detection of T2DM among shift workers.
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Grants
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82060589 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-HIDCA-2021-17 the State Key Laboratory Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Asia Fund
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- SKL-SEHR-2021-05 the open project of Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Departments of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - BinBin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - YinXia Su
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wanxian Lu
- Departments of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Departments of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xue Li
- Departments of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Departments of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - LiJuan He
- Departments of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Manoogian ENC, Zadourian A, Lo HC, Gutierrez NR, Shoghi A, Rosander A, Pazargadi A, Ormiston CK, Wang X, Sui J, Hou Z, Fleischer JG, Golshan S, Taub PR, Panda S. Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The Healthy Heroes randomized control trial. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1442-1456.e7. [PMID: 36198291 PMCID: PMC9536325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over a quarter of the workforce in industrialized countries does shift work, which increases the risk for cardiometabolic disease. Yet shift workers are often excluded from lifestyle intervention studies to reduce this risk. In a randomized control trial with 137 firefighters who work 24-h shifts (23-59 years old, 9% female), 12 weeks of 10-h time-restricted eating (TRE) was feasible, with TRE participants decreasing their eating window (baseline, mean 14.13 h, 95% CI 13.78-14.47 h; intervention, 11.13 h, 95% CI 10.73-11.54 h, p = 3.29E-17) with no adverse effects, and improved quality of life assessed via SF-36 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03533023). Compared to the standard of care (SOC) arm, TRE significantly decreased VLDL particle size. In participants with elevated cardiometabolic risks at baseline, there were significant reductions in TRE compared to SOC in glycated hemoglobin A1C and diastolic blood pressure. For individuals working a 24-h shift schedule, TRE is feasible and can improve cardiometabolic health, especially for individuals with increased risk. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N C Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adena Zadourian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hannah C Lo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nikko R Gutierrez
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Azarin Shoghi
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashley Rosander
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aryana Pazargadi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cameron K Ormiston
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xinran Wang
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jialu Sui
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Hou
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jason G Fleischer
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shahrokh Golshan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pam R Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Harris MA, Kim J, Demers P. Metabolic health measurements of shift workers in a national cross-sectional study: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:895-904. [PMID: 34346078 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work exposure may be a concern for a range of health effects, including metabolic health outcomes such as insulin resistance, high body weight, and abdominal obesity. METHODS We analyzed shift work and indicators of metabolic health (overweight/obesity defined by body mass index, self-reported changes in body mass index (BMI) in previous 1 and 10 years, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA-2-IR)) in the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). We analyzed descriptive characteristics of shift workers (regular night, evening, and rotating shift) and used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between two definitions of shift work exposure and measures of metabolic health, adjusted for age, sex, daily energy expenditure, sleep, and poor dietary quality. RESULTS 5470 anthropometry (2637 fasting) participants in CHMS Cycles 1 and 2 were included, of whom 16.5% worked regular evening, night, or rotating shifts. Shift workers were younger and slept longer hours than non-shift workers. Bivariate associations showed inverse relationships between shift work and BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and HOMA-2-IR. In adjusted analyses, BMI was inversely related to shift work, and other metabolic health outcomes showed no significant associations. CONCLUSIONS Healthy worker effects (including self-selection of exposure) could explain inverse relationships, particularly as the cross-sectional design only allowed assessment of current exposure. Key strengths include the population-based design and measurement of metabolic health indicators. Results underscore the importance of consideration of the health of shift workers following departure from the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anne Harris
- School of Occupational and Public Health Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Joanne Kim
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Paul Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Work Shift, Lifestyle Factors, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Spanish Male Workers: A Mediation Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041077. [PMID: 33810210 PMCID: PMC8065668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Working night shifts has been associated with altered circadian rhythms, lifestyle habits, and cardiometabolic risks. No information on the potential association of working shift and the presence of atherosclerosis is available. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between different work shifts and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis objectively measured by imaging. (2) Methods: Analyses were conducted on the baseline data of the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS) cohort, including information on 2459 middle-aged men. Categories of shift work included central day shift, rotating morning-evening or morning-evening-night shift, and night shift. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques was assessed by 2D ultrasound in the carotid and femoral vascular territories. Multivariable logistic models and mediation analysis were conducted to characterize and quantify the association between study variables. (3) Results: Participants working night or rotating shifts presented an overall worse cardiometabolic risk profile, as well as more detrimental lifestyle habits. Workers in the most intense (morning-evening-night) rotating shift presented higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 2.27) compared to workers in the central shift, independently of the presence of lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. A considerable (21%) proportion of this association was found to be mediated by smoking, indicating that altered sleep-wake cycles have a direct relationship with the early presence of atherosclerotic lesions. (4) Conclusions: Work shifts should be factored in during workers health examinations, and when developing effective workplace wellness programs.
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Guerrero-Vargas NN, Zárate-Mozo C, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Cárdenas-Rivera A, Escobar C. Time-restricted feeding prevents depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in male rats exposed to an experimental model of shift-work. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:604-620. [PMID: 33078850 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who regularly shift their sleep timing, like night and/or shift-workers suffer from circadian desynchrony and are at risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and cancer. Also, shift-work is are suggested to be a risk factor for the development of mood disorders such as the burn out syndrome, anxiety, and depression. Experimental and clinical studies provide evidence that food intake restricted to the normal activity phase is a potent synchronizer for the circadian system and can prevent the detrimental health effects associated with circadian disruption. Here, we explored whether adult male Wistar rats exposed to an experimental model of shift-work (W-AL) developed depressive and/or anxiety-like behaviors and whether this was associated with neuroinflammation in brain areas involved with mood regulation. We also tested whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) to the active phase could ameliorate circadian disruption and therefore would prevent depressive and anxiety-like behaviors as well as neuroinflammation. In male Wistar rats, W-AL induced depressive-like behavior characterized by hypoactivity and anhedonia and induced increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. This was associated with increased number of glial fibrillary acidic protein and IBA-1-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala. Moreover W-AL caused morphological changes in the microglia in the CA3 area of the hippocampus indicating microglial activation. Importantly, TRF prevented behavioral changes and decreased neuroinflammation markers in the brain. Present results add up evidence about the importance that TRF in synchrony with the light-dark cycle can prevent neuroinflammation leading to healthy mood states in spite of circadian disruptive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen Zárate-Mozo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Cárdenas-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Lima, Perú
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Fatima N, Rana S. Metabolic implications of circadian disruption. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:513-526. [PMID: 32363530 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. In mammals, circadian rhythms are driven by a central clock located in suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral clocks located in different tissues and organs of the body. Many cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The process of metabolism is also under circadian regulation. Loss of synchronization between the internal clock and environmental zeitgebers results in disruption of the circadian rhythms that seriously impacts metabolic homeostasis leading to changed eating behavior, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and weight gain. This in turn augments the risk of having various cardio-metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. This review sheds light on circadian rhythms and their role in metabolism with the identification of gaps in the current knowledge that remain to be explored in these fields. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms have been elaborated first. Then, the focus has been kept on explaining the physiological significance of circadian rhythms in regulating metabolism. Finally, the implications for metabolism when these rhythms are disrupted due to genetic mutations or social and occupational needs enforced by modern lifestyle have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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