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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Torres-Costoso A, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Díaz-Goñi V, Cadenas-Sánchez C. Sex Differences in Effects of Exercise on Physical Function in Aging: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e23. [PMID: 38449450 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I²). RESULTS A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I²=75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I²=52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I²=89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I²=0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigacion en Educacion Fısica, Salud y Calidad de Vida, Facultad de Educacion, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sara Reina-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, CIBEROBN, ISCIII, Granada, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affair Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Hawley SE, Bell ZW, Huang Y, Gibbs JC, Churchward-Venne TA. Evaluation of sex-based differences in resistance exercise training-induced changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in healthy older (≥60 y) adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102023. [PMID: 37507092 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if there are sex-based differences in adaptations to resistance exercise training in healthy older adults. Following the screening process, data from 36 studies comparing older males and females (602 males; 703 females; ≥60 years of age) for changes in skeletal muscle size, muscle strength, and/or physical performance following the same resistance exercise training intervention were extracted. Mean study quality was 16/29 (modified Downs and Black checklist), considered moderate quality. Changes in absolute upper-body (Effect Size [ES] = 0.81 [95% CI 0.54, 1.09], P < 0.001), and lower-body (ES = 0.40 [95% CI 0.24, 0.56], P < 0.001) strength were greater in older males than females. Alternatively, changes in relative upper-body (ES = -0.46 [95% CI -0.77, -0.14], P < 0.01), and lower-body (ES = -0.24 [95% CI -0.42, -0.06], P < 0.01) strength were greater in older females than males. Changes in absolute, but not relative, whole-body fat-free mass (ES = 0.18 [95% CI 0.04, 0.33], P < 0.05) were greater in older males than females. There were no sex-based differences for absolute or relative changes in limb muscle size, muscle fiber size, or physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Hawley
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zachary W Bell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yijia Huang
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jenna C Gibbs
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tyler A Churchward-Venne
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Li Y, Cheng M, Zha Y, Yang K, Tong Y, Wang S, Lu Q, Ning K. Gut microbiota and inflammation patterns for specialized athletes: a multi-cohort study across different types of sports. mSystems 2023; 8:e0025923. [PMID: 37498086 PMCID: PMC10470055 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00259-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular high-intensity exercise can cause changes in athletes' gut microbiota, and the extent and nature of these changes may be affected by the athletes' exercise patterns. However, it is still unclear to what extent different types of athletes have distinct gut microbiome profiles and whether we can effectively monitor an athlete's inflammatory risk based on their microbiota. To address these questions, we conducted a multi-cohort study of 543 fecal samples from athletes in three different sports: aerobics (n = 316), wrestling (n = 53), and rowing (n = 174). We sought to investigate how athletes' gut microbiota was specialized for different types of sports, and its associations with inflammation, diet, anthropometrics, and anaerobic measurements. We established a microbiota catalog of multi-cohort athletes and found that athletes have specialized gut microbiota specific to the type of sport they engaged in. Using latent Dirichlet allocation, we identified 10 microbial subgroups of athletes' gut microbiota, each of which had specific correlations with inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in different types of athletes. Notably, most inflammation indicators were associated with Prevotella-driven subgroup 7. Finally, we found that the effects of sport types and exercise intensity on the gut microbiota were sex-dependent. These findings shed light on the complex associations between physical factors, gut microbiota, and inflammation in athletes of different sports types and could have significant implications for monitoring potential inflammation risk and developing personalized exercise programs. IMPORTANCE This study is the first multi-cohort investigation of athletes across a range of sports, including aerobics, wrestling, and rowing, with the goal of establishing a multi-sport microbiota catalog. Our findings highlight that athletes' gut microbiota is sport-specific, indicating that exercise patterns may play a significant role in shaping the microbiome. Additionally, we observed distinct associations between gut microbiota and markers of inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in athletes of different sports. Moreover, we expanded our analysis to include a non-athlete cohort and found that exercise intensity had varying effects on the gut microbiota of participants, depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuguo Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kamiya M, Ihira H, Taniguchi Y, Matsumoto D, Ishigaki T, Okamae A, Ogawa T, Misu S, Miyashita T, Ohnuma T, Chibana T, Morikawa N, Ikezoe T, Makizako H. Low-intensity resistance training to improve knee extension strength in community-dwelling older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112041. [PMID: 36470532 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of low-intensity resistance training on knee extension strength with respect to intensity, frequency, duration and training site in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A literature search was conducted for articles published up to December 2018 on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), OTseeker and Ichushi-Web. Randomized controlled trials involving resistance training with <60 % one repetition maximum (1RM) in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older were eligible. RESULTS In total, 7 studies involving 275 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed significant improvements in knee extension strength with low-intensity resistance training [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.62, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.32 to 0.91]. In subgroup analyses, significant improvements were observed in the group with intensity at 50-60 % 1RM (0.83, 0.46 to 1.19), but not in the group at 40 % or less 1RM (0.30, 95%CI: -0.08 to 0.68). Concerning frequency, there were significant improvements in knee strength for those receiving training three times (0.90, 0.52 to 1.27) and two times (0.36, 0.03 to 0.69) per week, with a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity resistance training should be considered as an effective intervention to improve knee extension strength in community-dwelling older adults. Older adults may show more improvement in knee extension strength if intensity of the training is set at 50-60 % 1RM and frequency of training is three times per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yachiyo Hospital, Sumiyoshi-cho, Anjo-city, Aichi 446-0072, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ihira
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishigaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya Gakuin University, Aichi 456-0062, Japan
| | - Akio Okamae
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Hyogo 669-2321, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nishiyamato Rehabilitation Hospital, Nara 639-0218, Japan
| | - Shogo Misu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan
| | - Toshinori Miyashita
- Inclusive Medical Science Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka 559-8611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohnuma
- Rehabilitation Progress Center Incorporated, Itabashi Rehabili Home-visit Nursing Station, Tokyo 173-0013, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Chibana
- Kawaguchi Neurosurgery Rehabilitation Clinic, Osaka 573-0086, Japan
| | - Natsu Morikawa
- Boys & Girls, Daycare Facilities for Persons with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities, CIL Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0054, Japan
| | - Tome Ikezoe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1136, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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5
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Karagiannopoulos C, Griech S, Leggin B. Reliability and Validity of the ActivForce Digital Dynamometer in Assessing Shoulder Muscle Force across Different User Experience Levels. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:669-676. [PMID: 35693865 PMCID: PMC9159718 DOI: 10.26603/001c.35577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently available hand-held dynamometers (HHD) offer a more objective and reliable assessment of muscle force production as compared to a manual muscle test (MMT). Yet, their clinical utility is limited due to high cost. The ActivForce (AF) digital dynamometer is a new low-cost HHD with unknown psychometric properties, and its utilization may benefit clinical practice. Hypothesis/Purpose This study aimed to determine the AF intra- and inter-tester reliabilities, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and criterion validity for assessing shoulder isometric force as compared to the microFET2 (MF2) across testers with different experiences. Design Descriptive observational study. Methods A convenience sample of 29 healthy adults were assessed twice by each of three testers (two experienced clinicians and a novice PT student) on shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), and forward elevation (FE) using both the AF and MF2 devices. Tester, HHD, and shoulder motion assignment orders were randomized. All testing was performed in a standardized seated position. ER and IR were tested with the shoulder fully adducted. FE was tested at 45° at the scapular plane. All testing and rest periods between testers and tested motions were standardized and monitored via a stopwatch. Results Both devices had high intra- [ ER (.95-.98), IR (.97 - .99), FE (.96 - .99)] and inter-tester [ ER (.85-.96), IR (.95 - .97), FE (.88 - .95)] intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with comparable intra- (1.68-1.80) and inter-tester (2.36-2.98) SEM, and intra- (4.64-4.97) and inter-tester (6.50-8.24) MDC values across all motions. Tester experience did not affect these values. High (.89-.93) statistically significant Pearson correlations were found between HHDs for all shoulder motions. Conclusion Both the AF and MF2 HHDs were found to have high reliability levels across all shoulder motions regardless of tester clinical experience. The AF was also found to be valid for measuring shoulder isometric force production compared to the criterion standard device, the MF2. Its low-cost and electronic accessibility features may promote better compliance for clinicians using dynamometry to objectively assess and store muscle force data in a cost-effective manner. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Griech
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, DeSales University
| | - Brian Leggin
- Penn Therapy and Fitness, Good Shepherd Penn Partners
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Avram RL, Nechita AC, Popescu MN, Teodorescu M, Ghilencea LN, Turcu D, Lechea E, Maher S, Bejan GC, Berteanu M. Functional tests in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Med Life 2022; 15:58-64. [PMID: 35186137 PMCID: PMC8852644 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, easier and shorter tests have been used in the functional evaluation of cardiac patients. Among these, walking speed (WS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests are associated with all-cause mortality, mainly cardiovascular and the rate of re-hospitalization, especially in the elderly population. We prospectively analyzed a group of 38 patients admitted to the Cardiology Clinic from Elias Hospital, Romania, with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) (n=22) and STEMI (n=16). We assessed the patients immediately after admission and before discharge with G-WALK between the 1st and 30th of September 2019. Our study group had a mean age of 62.7±12.1 years. Patients with a low WS were older (69.90±12.84 vs. 59.90±10.32 years, p=0.02) and had a lower serum hemoglobin (12.38±1.20 vs. 13.72±2.07 g/dl, p=0.02). The WS significantly improved during hospitalization (p=0.03) after optimal treatment. The TUG test performed at the time of admission had a longer duration in patients with heart failure (14.05 vs. 10.80 sec, p=0.02) and was influenced by patients' age (r=0.567, p=0.02), serum creatinine (r=0.409, p=0.03) and dilation of right heart chambers (r=0.399, p=0.03). WS and TUG tests can be used in patients with CCS and STEMI, and are mainly influenced by age, thus having a greater value among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Lucia Avram
- Cardiology Department, Sf. Pantelimon Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Cristian Nechita
- Cardiology Department, Sf. Pantelimon Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Nicolae Popescu
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania,Rehabilitation Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matei Teodorescu
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania,Rehabilitation Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu-Nicolae Ghilencea
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania,Cardiology Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,Corresponding Author: Liviu-Nicolae Ghilencea, Cardiology Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. E-mail:
| | - Diana Turcu
- Cardiology Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Lechea
- Cardiology Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sean Maher
- Surgery Department, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Cristian Bejan
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania,Private Medical Practice Office Bejan Gabriel Cristian, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Berteanu
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila Medicine and Pharmacy University, Bucharest, Romania,Rehabilitation Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Physical Activity Level of Physically Independent Older Adults in a Densely Populated City. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 31:371-382. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate older adults’ physical activity level in all types and categories of physical activities and calculate their total physical activity level. This cross-sectional descriptive study estimated the physical activity level of older adults on a quota sample of 500 physically independent older adults living in a densely populated city (in this case, Hong Kong). It used the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Hong Kong version) to assess participants’ physical activity level. Based on the frequency, duration, and intensity of each type of physical activity being performed by the participants, their physical activity level in terms of energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) for all types and categories of physical activities and the total physical activity level were calculated. Independent t test or analysis of variance, whatever appropriate, was used to examine the difference in the total physical activity level between participants with different individual characteristics. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the contribution of individual characteristics to the total physical activity level (p < .05). Results indicated that the participants mostly engaged in leisurely sitting, watching television, listening to radio, and leisurely walking. They spent the greatest amount of energy on the category of “leisure activity” (710.77 kcal/day). Their total physical activity level was 1,727.09 kcal/day, which was much less than previously reported. Linear regression indicates that age accounted for 3.1% of the variance of the total physical activity level (p = .001) with senior older adults warranting additional support. Future research is suggested to confirm the role of specific neighborhood-level factors on the physical activity performance of older adults.
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Gobbi M, Bezzoli E, Ismelli F, Trotti G, Cortellezzi S, Meneguzzo F, Arreghini M, Seitanidis I, Brunani A, Aspesi V, Cimolin V, Fanari P, Capodaglio P. Skeletal Muscle Mass, Sarcopenia and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235623. [PMID: 34884325 PMCID: PMC8658326 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between skeletal muscle mass at the beginning of the post-acute rehabilitation phase and rehabilitation outcomes has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the existence of sarcopenia upon admission to a post-acute COVID-19 patient rehabilitation unit on body composition and functional and respiratory capacity at discharge. Thirty-four post-acute COVID-19 patients were referred to our Rehabilitation Unit from different COVID Hospitals in northern Italy. Body weight loss, body composition, handgrip strength, functional parameters, oxygen saturation and related perception of dyspnea in several positions were measured before and after a 28-day multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Spirometry was performed only upon admission. The intervention included psychiatric support, cognitive behavioral therapy, nutritional therapy and physiotherapy, including aerobic and resistance training. Training volume was 45 min/session, 6 sessions/week. Upon admission, the prevalence of sarcopenia among our patients was 58%. In all of the 34 patients, we observed a trend of improvement in all of the respiratory, body composition, muscle strength and functional parameters considered. Monitoring muscle mass and strength in post-acute COVID-19 patients appears to be a key predictor of rehabilitation outcomes. Early diagnosis of sarcopenia therefore appears to be of paramount importance in the management of post-acute COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gobbi
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emanuela Bezzoli
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Francesco Ismelli
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Giulia Trotti
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Stefano Cortellezzi
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Meneguzzo
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Arreghini
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Ionathan Seitanidis
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Aspesi
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Fanari
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy; (F.I.); (G.T.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (M.A.); (I.S.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (P.C.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Zou L, Chen ST, Bae JH, Kim DY, Liu X, Song W. Effects and Moderators of Exercise on Sarcopenic Components in Sarcopenic Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649748. [PMID: 34095166 PMCID: PMC8169963 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease in loss of muscle strength, mass, and function associated with aging. Although protective effects of exercise on muscle mass and function are generally recognized, research findings in sarcopenic adults are inconsistent. It is necessary to conduct a systematic review to determine the effects of exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, and to examine the potential moderators including sociodemographic characteristics and exercise-related factors. Methods: Six electronical academic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus) were used to retrieve the eligible studies from inception to May 2020. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted the data from each included study, and effect sizes were calculated by employing random-effect models with 95% confidential interval (CI). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess study quality. Results: Seventeen studies (985 participants with sarcopenia, aged 67.6–86 years) were included in this review study. The meta-analytic results showed significant improvements in muscle strength [grip strength, SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.45), I2 = 6%, p < 0.01; knee extension, SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.15, 0.50), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and chair and stand, SMD = 0.56, 95% CI (0.30, 0.81), I2 = 36%, p < 0.01], in physical performance [timed up and go, SMD = 0.74, 95% CI (0.48, 1.00), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and gait speed, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.35, 0.82), I2 = 62%, p < 0.01], and in body composition [skeletal muscle mass index, SMD = 0.37, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58), I2 = 16%, p < 0.01; and appendicular skeletal muscle, SMD = 0.31, 95% CI (0.13, 0.49), I2 = 20%, p < 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in other body composition (SMD = 0.20–0.36). Additionally, meta-regression revealed that the higher percent of female participants was significantly associated with improved gait speed (β = 0.0096, p = 0.03) and decreased skeletal muscle mass index (β = −0.0092, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that exercise is a beneficial therapy, which has protective effects for older adults with sarcopenia. Some beneficial effects may be moderated by gender and exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation and Mental, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Han M, Yang K, Yang P, Zhong C, Chen C, Wang S, Lu Q, Ning K. Stratification of athletes' gut microbiota: the multifaceted hubs associated with dietary factors, physical characteristics and performance. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-18. [PMID: 33289609 PMCID: PMC7734118 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1842991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial communities of athletes differ from that of sedentary persons in both diversity and the presence of certain taxa. However, it is unclear to what degree elite athletes and non-elite athletes harbor different gut microbial community patterns and if we can effectively monitor the potential of athletes based on microbiota. A team of professional female rowing athletes in China was recruited and 306 fecal samples were collected from 19 individuals, which were separated into three cohorts: adult elite athlete's (AE), youth elite athlete's (YE), and youth non-elite athlete's (YN). The differences in gut microbiome among different cohorts were compared, and their associations with dietary factors, physical characteristics, and athletic performance were investigated. The microbial diversities of elite athletes were higher than those of youth non-elite athletes. The taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic compositions of AE, YE and YN were significantly different. Additionally, three enterotypes with clear separation were identified in athlete's fecal samples, with majority of elite athletes stratified into enterotype 3. And this enterotype-dependent gut microbiome is strongly associated with athlete performances. These differences in athlete gut microbiota lead to establishment of a random forest classifier based on taxonomical and functional biomarkers, capable of differentiating elite athletes and non-elite athletes with high accuracy. Finally, these versatilities of athlete microbial communities of athletes were found to be associated with dietary factors and physical characteristics, which can in concert explain 41% of the variability in gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,CONTACT Kang Ning
| | - Kun Yang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengshuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaofang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Song Wang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Song Wang Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei430079, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Qunwei Lu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,CONTACT Kang Ning
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11
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Nielsen C, Siersma V, Ghaziani E, Beyer N, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Function in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease after a Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Regimen-A Prospective Cohort Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207668. [PMID: 33096677 PMCID: PMC7589165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation has been suggested as the best clinical practice. However, very few studies have investigated the long-term effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach, particularly regarding whether this can slow the progression of PD. The purpose was to investigate the short- and long-term effect of a 2-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation regimen on the PD-related decline in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), mobility, and muscle function. Individuals with PD (IPD) participated in a 2-week inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation regimen that focused on improving HRQOL, mobility, and muscle function. Data from the primary outcome: HRQOL (Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39, PDQ-39), secondary outcomes: handgrip strength, Timed-up and Go (TUG), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) were compared at pre-visitation, before and after the 2-week regimen, and again at 4 and 10 months follow-up. In total, 224 patients with PD were included. There were short-term improvements in all outcomes. PDQ-39 was maintained at the same level as pre-visitation after 10 months follow-up. A 2-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation regimen improved short-term mobility, muscle function, and HRQOL in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. HRQOL was maintained after 10 months demonstrating long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nielsen
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.G.); (N.B.); (S.P.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2095-2588
| | - Volkert Siersma
- Research Unit and Department of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Emma Ghaziani
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.G.); (N.B.); (S.P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Nina Beyer
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.G.); (N.B.); (S.P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.G.); (N.B.); (S.P.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.G.); (N.B.); (S.P.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Kwon I, Kim JS, Shin CH, Park Y, Kim JH. Associations Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Grip Strength, and Physical and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Women: Effect of Exercise with Resistive Theraband. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:50-55. [PMID: 31743974 PMCID: PMC6823645 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical and cognitive functions and to examine the effects of resistive Theraband® exercise on sarcopenia-associated variables in the older population. METHODS A total of 28 elderly women (age: 69.90 ± 0.8 years) participated in this study, 15 of whom underwent elastic band exercise for 1 hour per day, twice per week for 8 weeks. The correlation analysis was conducted to identify the associations between body composition, skeletal muscle mass indices, grip strength, and physical and cognitive functions. All variables were assessed at baseline and post-exercise. RESULTS Skeletal muscle mass was significantly associated with grip strength and physical function. Gait speed was positively correlated with grip strength and physical function, but not with cognitive function. Theraband® exercise significantly improved gait speed and physical function. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that skeletal muscle mass is highly correlated with grip strength and physical function. Eight weeks of resistive Theraband® exercise favorably affects sarcopenia by improving gait speed and mobility of elderly women.
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13
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Graber TG, Fandrey KR, Thompson LV. Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:165-183. [PMID: 31076998 PMCID: PMC6544743 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, contributes to frailty, functional decline, and reduced quality of life in older adults. Exercise is a recognized therapy for sarcopenia and muscle dysfunction, though not a cure. Muscle power declines at an increased rate compared to force, and force output declines earlier than mass. Thus, there is a need for research of exercise focusing on improving power output and functionality in older adults. Our primary purpose was proof-of-concept that a novel individualized power exercise modality would induce positive adaptations in adult mice, before the exercise program was applied to an aged cohort. We hypothesized that after following our protocol, both adult and older mice would show improved function, though there would be evidence of anabolic resistance in the older mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (12 months of age at study conclusion) were randomized into control (n = 9) and exercise (n = 6) groups. The trained group used progressive resistance (with a weighted harness) and intensity (~ 4-10 rpm) on a custom motorized running wheel. The mice trained similarly to a human workout regimen (4-5 sets/session, 3 sessions/week, for 12 weeks). We determined significant (p < 0.05) positive adaptations post-intervention, including: neuromuscular function (rotarod), strength/endurance (inverted cling grip test), training physiology (force/power output per session), muscle size (soleus mass), and power/velocity of contraction (in vitro physiology). Secondly, we trained a cohort of older male mice (28 months old at conclusion): control (n = 12) and exercised (n = 8). While the older exercised mice did preserve function and gain benefits, they also demonstrated evidence of anabolic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted G. Graber
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Katie R. Fandrey
- Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - LaDora V. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
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14
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Kristensen MT, Bloch ML, Jønsson LR, Jakobsen TL. Interrater reliability of the standardized Timed Up and Go Test when used in hospitalized and community‐dwelling older individuals. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 24:e1769. [DOI: 10.1002/pri.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Tange Kristensen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research—Copenhagen (PMR‐C), Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyCopenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Hvidovre Denmark
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Hvidovre Denmark
| | - Mette Linding Bloch
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and TechnologyUniversity College Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The Specialized Hospital for Polio and Accident Victims Rødovre Denmark
| | - Line Rokkedal Jønsson
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research—Copenhagen (PMR‐C), Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyCopenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Hvidovre Denmark
| | - Thomas Linding Jakobsen
- Section for Orthopaedic and Sports Rehabilitation (SOS‐R)Health Center Nørrebro Copenhagen Denmark
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15
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Role of Muscle Strength in Balance Assessment and Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Dobbs TJ, Simonson SR, Conger SA. Improving Power Output in Older Adults Using Plyometrics in a Body Mass-Supported Treadmill. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2458-2465. [PMID: 29985226 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dobbs, TJ, Simonson, SR, and Conger, SA. Improving power output in older adults using plyometrics in a body mass-supported treadmill. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2458-2465, 2018-The purpose of this study was to determine if performing plyometrics in a body mass-supported treadmill would lead to greater increases in power output and functional strength in older adults compared with traditional strength training. Twenty-three participants were randomized to strength (SG, n = 8), plyometric (PG, n = 8), or control (CG, n = 7) groups. The SG and PG exercised 3 times per week for 8 weeks, whereas the CG performed no exercise. Timed sit-to-stand and stair climb, estimated maximal muscular isotonic strength, and isokinetic strength were assessed pre- and posttraining. Significant improvements occurred in the PG vs. CG in the timed chair sit-to-stand (22.11 ± 8.48%; p = 0.013), timed stair climb (14.68 ± 6.28%; p = 0.002), and stair climb power (16.59 ± 9.07%; p < 0.001). PG and SG significantly increased their estimated 1 repetition maximum in the leg extension and single leg lunge (p < 0.05), and PG was significantly more powerful at all 3 velocities in both flexion and extension compared with SG and CG ranging from 24.54 to 61.85% (p < 0.001) except for 60°·s extension during isokinetic testing. Eight weeks of plyometrics in a body mass-supported treadmill can significantly improve functional strength and power in older adults. In this study, the PG increased muscular strength at the same rate or better than the SG without performing any resistance training. The PG also outperformed SG during the functional tests. These results suggest that plyometrics, if modified and performed in a safe environment, can increase muscular strength and power and improve functional abilities in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Dobbs
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
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17
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Cook SB, LaRoche DP, Villa MR, Barile H, Manini TM. Blood flow restricted resistance training in older adults at risk of mobility limitations. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:138-145. [PMID: 28987643 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-load resistance training (HL) may be contraindicated in older adults due to pre-existing health conditions (e.g. osteoarthritis). Low-load blood flow restricted (BFR) resistance training offers an alternative to HL with potentially similar strength improvement. PURPOSE To compare muscle strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), physical function, and quality of life (QOL) following 12-weeks of HL or BFR training in older adults at risk of mobility limitations. METHODS Thirty-six males and females (mean: 75.6years 95% confidence interval: [73.4-78.5], 1.67m [1.64-1.70], 74.3kg [69.8-78.8]) were randomly assigned to HL (70% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]) or low-load BFR (30% 1-RM coupled with a vascular restriction) exercise for the knee extensors and flexors twice per week for 12weeks. A control (CON) group performed light upper body resistance and flexibility training. Muscle strength, CSA of the quadriceps, 400-m walking speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and QOL were assessed before, midway and after training. RESULTS Within 6-weeks of HL training, increases in all strength measures and CSA were evident and the gains were significantly greater than the CON group (P<0.05). The BFR group had strength increases in leg extension and leg press 1-RM tests, but were significantly lower in leg extension isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and leg extension 1-RM than the HL group (P<0.01). At 12-weeks HL and BFR training did not differ in MVC (P=0.14). Walking speed increased 4% among all training groups (P<0.01) and no changes were observed for overall SPPB score and QOL (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Both training programs resulted in muscle CSA improvements and HL training had more pronounced strength gains than BFR training after 6-weeks and were more similar to BFR after 12-weeks of training. These changes in both groups did not transfer to improvements in QOL, SPPB, and walking speed. Since both programs result in strength and CSA gains, albeit at different rates, future research should consider using a combination of HL and BFR training in older adults with profound muscle weakness and mobility limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer B Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.
| | - Dain P LaRoche
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Michelle R Villa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Hannah Barile
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Todd M Manini
- Institute on Aging, Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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18
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Lehne G, Bolte G. Impact of universal interventions on social inequalities in physical activity among older adults: an equity-focused systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:20. [PMID: 28187766 PMCID: PMC5303302 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is one of the most important contributors to healthy aging. Public health strategies aiming to promote physical activity among older adults are increasingly being implemented. However, little is known about their impact on social inequalities. Purpose of the study was to analyze whether and how studies of interventions consider effects on social inequalities in physical activity among older adults. Methods Nine electronic databases were searched to identify quantitative studies evaluating the effects of interventions on self-reported or objectively measured physical activity among the general population of older adults (≥50 years). English and German language peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 and 2015 were included. Using the PROGRESS-Plus framework, data on whether and how social factors were considered both for describing participants’ baseline characteristics and for measuring intervention effects were systematically extracted. Studies examining differential intervention effects by at least one PROGRESS-Plus factor were quality assessed. Results were presented in narrative synthesis. Results Fifty-nine studies were included. Beside age and sex, 44 studies used at least 1 further PROGRESS-Plus factor for the description of participants’ baseline characteristics. When measuring intervention effects, 22 studies considered PROGRESS-Plus factors as control variables. Eleven studies reported having analyzed potential effects on inequalities by testing interaction effects, stratifying effect analyses, or exploring associations between PROGRESS-Plus factors and increases in physical activity following an intervention. Effects were most often analyzed by gender/sex (n = 9) and age (n = 9), followed by education (n = 3), marital status (n = 2), and race/ethnicity (n = 2). Five studies pointed to gender/sex- or age-specific intervention effects, indicating that some interventions affect males and females, and younger and older individuals differently. Conclusions Many studies evaluating the effects of interventions on physical activity among older adults have not exploited the potential for assessing effects on social inequalities so far. There is an urgent need for systematic application of appropriate methodological approaches and transparent reporting of social inequalities-related findings which can provide important indications for the design of those interventions most likely to be effective across all social groups of older adults. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015025066 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0472-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Lehne
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2a, Bremen, 28359, Germany. .,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2a, Bremen, 28359, Germany.,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Eriksen CS, Garde E, Reislev NL, Wimmelmann CL, Bieler T, Ziegler AK, Gylling AT, Dideriksen KJ, Siebner HR, Mortensen EL, Kjaer M. Physical activity as intervention for age-related loss of muscle mass and function: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the LISA study). BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012951. [PMID: 27913559 PMCID: PMC5168596 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical and cognitive function decline with age, accelerating during the 6th decade. Loss of muscle power (force×velocity product) is a dominant physical determinant for loss of functional ability, especially if the lower extremities are affected. Muscle strength training is known to maintain or even improve muscle power as well as physical function in older adults, but the optimal type of training for beneficial long-term training effects over several years is unknown. Moreover, the impact of muscle strength training on cognitive function and brain structure remains speculative. The primary aim of this randomised controlled trial is to compare the efficacy of two different 1 year strength training regimens on immediate and long-lasting improvements in muscle power in retirement-age individuals. Secondary aims are to evaluate the effect on muscle strength, muscle mass, physical and cognitive function, mental well-being, health-related quality of life and brain morphology. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study includes 450 home-dwelling men and women (62-70 years). Participants are randomly allocated to (1) 1 year of supervised, centre-based heavy resistance training, (2) home-based moderate intensity resistance training or (3) habitual physical activity (control). Changes in primary (leg extensor power) and secondary outcomes are analysed according to the intention to treat principle and per protocol at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is expected to generate new insights into training-induced promotion of functional ability and independency after retirement and will help to formulate national recommendations regarding physical activity schemes for the growing population of older individuals in western societies. Results will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals, in PhD theses and at public meetings. The study is approved by the Regional Ethical Committee (Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark, number H-3-2014-017). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02123641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Skou Eriksen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Linde Reislev
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresa Bieler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kraag Ziegler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
| | - Anne Theil Gylling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
| | - Kasper Juel Dideriksen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
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Physical Activity Intervention Effects on Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2016; 25:149-170. [PMID: 27620705 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of supervised resistance and/or aerobic training physical activity interventions on performance-based measures of physical functioning among community-dwelling older adults, and to identify factors impacting intervention effectiveness. Diverse search strategies were used to identify eligible studies. Standardized mean difference effect sizes (d, ES) were synthesized using a random effects model. Moderator analyses were conducted using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Twenty-eight studies were included. Moderator analyses were limited by inconsistent reporting of sample and intervention characteristics. The overall mean ES was 0.45 (k = 38, p ≤ .01), representing a clinically meaningful reduction of 0.92 s in the Timed Up and Go for treatment versus control. More minutes per week (p < .01) and longer intervention session duration (p < .01) were associated with larger effects. Interventions were especially effective among frail participants (d = 1.09). Future research should clearly describe sample and intervention characteristics and incorporate frail populations.
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21
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Ageing, Muscle Power and Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Implications for Pragmatic Training Interventions. Sports Med 2016; 46:1311-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hortobágyi T, Lesinski M, Gäbler M, VanSwearingen JM, Malatesta D, Granacher U. Effects of Three Types of Exercise Interventions on Healthy Old Adults' Gait Speed: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2015; 45:1627-43. [PMID: 26286449 PMCID: PMC4656792 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual walking speed predicts many clinical conditions later in life, but it declines with age. However, which particular exercise intervention can minimize the age-related gait speed loss is unclear. PURPOSE Our objective was to determine the effects of strength, power, coordination, and multimodal exercise training on healthy old adults' habitual and fast gait speed. METHODS We performed a computerized systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge from January 1984 up to December 2014. Search terms included 'Resistance training', 'power training', 'coordination training', 'multimodal training', and 'gait speed (outcome term). Inclusion criteria were articles available in full text, publication period over past 30 years, human species, journal articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, English as publication language, and subject age ≥65 years. The methodological quality of all eligible intervention studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. We computed weighted average standardized mean differences of the intervention-induced adaptations in gait speed using a random-effects model and tested for overall and individual intervention effects relative to no-exercise controls. RESULTS A total of 42 studies (mean PEDro score of 5.0 ± 1.2) were included in the analyses (2495 healthy old adults; age 74.2 years [64.4-82.7]; body mass 69.9 ± 4.9 kg, height 1.64 ± 0.05 m, body mass index 26.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2, and gait speed 1.22 ± 0.18 m/s). The search identified only one power training study, therefore the subsequent analyses focused only on the effects of resistance, coordination, and multimodal training on gait speed. The three types of intervention improved gait speed in the three experimental groups combined (n = 1297) by 0.10 m/s (±0.12) or 8.4% (±9.7), with a large effect size (ES) of 0.84. Resistance (24 studies; n = 613; 0.11 m/s; 9.3%; ES: 0.84), coordination (eight studies, n = 198; 0.09 m/s; 7.6%; ES: 0.76), and multimodal training (19 studies; n = 486; 0.09 m/s; 8.4%, ES: 0.86) increased gait speed statistically and similarly. CONCLUSIONS Commonly used exercise interventions can functionally and clinically increase habitual and fast gait speed and help slow the loss of gait speed or delay its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Melanie Lesinski
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martijn Gäbler
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie M VanSwearingen
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Furtado HL, Sousa N, Simão R, Pereira FD, Vilaça-Alves J. Physical exercise and functional fitness in independently living vs institutionalized elderly women: a comparison of 60- to 79-year-old city dwellers. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:795-801. [PMID: 25941443 PMCID: PMC4416638 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s80895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare functional fitness (FF) levels among independent-living (IL) and day care (DC) elderly women of different age groups and to analyze changes in FF after 8 months of participation in an exercise program intervention for the IL elderly women. Materials and methods A total of 674 elderly women were divided into four IL groups with age in the range of 60–64 years (IL60–64, n=149), 65–69 years (IL65–69, n=138), 70–74 years (IL70–74, n=135), and 75–79 years (IL75–79, n=83), and four DC groups with age in the range of 60–64 years (DC60–64, n=35), 65–69 years (DC65–69, n=34), 70–74 years (DC70–74, n=47), and 75–79 years (DC75–79, n=53). The intervention consisted of a multimodal exercise training, 3 days per week for 8 months. Senior Fitness Test battery performances were obtained at baseline and after 8-month intervention. Results Significant differences were identified between all IL groups and DC groups in all FF tests (P<0.001), except between IL70–74 and DC70–74 in the chair sit-and-reach. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) identified significant improvements in all FF tests between pre- and posttests in the IL groups (P<0.001), except in the chair sit-and-reach for the IL70–74. ANCOVA also showed a significant declining performance in all FF tests for DC groups (P<0.001), except in the chair sit-and-reach for the DC70–74 and DC75–79. Conclusion IL women are more fit than institutionalized DC elderly women. The multimodal training was effective in improving all FF components related to daily living activities, in all age groups. In contrast, institutionalized elderly showed a clear tendency to worsen their FF over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Sousa
- Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development, University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Roberto Simão
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Vilaça-Alves
- Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development, University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Uematsu A, Tsuchiya K, Kadono N, Kobayashi H, Kaetsu T, Hortobágyi T, Suzuki S. A behavioral mechanism of how increases in leg strength improve old adults' gait speed. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110350. [PMID: 25310220 PMCID: PMC4195722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a behavioral mechanism of how increases in leg strength improve healthy old adults’ gait speed. Leg press strength training improved maximal leg press load 40% (p = 0.001) and isometric strength in 5 group of leg muscles 32% (p = 0.001) in a randomly allocated intervention group of healthy old adults (age 74, n = 15) but not in no-exercise control group (age 74, n = 8). Gait speed increased similarly in the training (9.9%) and control (8.6%) groups (time main effect, p = 0.001). However, in the training group only, in line with the concept of biomechanical plasticity of aging gait, hip extensors and ankle plantarflexors became the only significant predictors of self-selected and maximal gait speed. The study provides the first behavioral evidence regarding a mechanism of how increases in leg strength improve healthy old adults’ gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Uematsu
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazushi Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Norio Kadono
- Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kaetsu
- School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Hegerová P, Dědková Z, Sobotka L. Early nutritional support and physiotherapy improved long-term self-sufficiency in acutely ill older patients. Nutrition 2014; 31:166-70. [PMID: 25466662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An acute disease is regularly associated with inflammation, decreased food intake, and low physical activity; the consequence is loss of muscle mass. However, the restoration of muscle tissue is problematic, especially in older patients. Loss of muscle mass leads to further decrease of physical activity which leads, together with recurring disease, to the progressive muscle mass loss accompanied by loss of self-sufficiency. Early nutrition support and physical activity could reverse this situation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether an active approach based on early nutritional therapy and exercise would influence the development of sarcopenia and impaired self-sufficiency during acute illness. METHODS Two hundred patients >78 y were admitted to a hospital internal medicine department and participated in a prospective, randomized controlled study. The patients were randomized to a control group receiving standard treatment (n = 100) or to an intervention group (n = 100). The intervention consisted of nutritional supplements (600 kcal, 20 g/d protein) added to a standard diet and a simultaneous intensive rehabilitation program. The tolerance of supplements and their influence on spontaneous food intake, self-sufficiency, muscle strength, and body composition were evaluated during the study period. The patients were then regularly monitored for 1 y post-discharge. RESULTS The provision of nutritional supplements together with early rehabilitation led to increased total energy and protein intake while the intake of standard hospital food was not reduced. The loss of lean body mass and a decrease in self-sufficiency were apparent at discharge from the hospital and 3 mo thereafter in the control group. Nutritional supplementation and the rehabilitation program in the study group prevented these alterations. A positive effect of nutritional intervention and exercise during the hospital stay was apparent at 6 mo post-discharge. CONCLUSIONS The early nutritional intervention together with early rehabilitation preserves muscle mass and independence in ill older patients hospitalized because of acute disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hegerová
- Third Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dědková
- Third Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Sobotka
- Third Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sousa N, Mendes R, Abrantes C, Sampaio J, Oliveira J. Effectiveness of combined exercise training to improve functional fitness in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14:892-8. [PMID: 24779956 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of different exercise training modalities on functional fitness responses in apparently healthy older men. METHODS A total of 59 community-dwelling older men were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (ATG, n=19), a combined aerobic and resistance training group (CTG, n=20) or a control group (n=20). Both exercise training programs were moderate-to-vigorous intensity, 3 days/week for 9 months. Six independent functional fitness tests (back scratch, chair sit-and-reach, 30-s chair stand, arm curl, 8-ft up-and-go, 6-min walk) were measured on five different occasions. The data were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS ANOVA showed a significant main effect of group (P<0.001) for all functional fitness tests, with significant differences between both training groups and controls. However, the ATG only improved the chair sit-and-reach and the 30-s chair stand performance, whereas CTG improved in all functional fitness tests. ANOVA also identified a significant main effect of time for 8-ft up-and-go (P=0.031) in the CTG. CONCLUSIONS Only the combined exercise program was effective in improving all functional fitness components related to daily living activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Sousa
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real
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Solà Serrabou M, López del Amo JL, Valero O. [The effect of 24 weeks of moderate-to-high intensity strength training on the elderly]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2014; 49:115-20. [PMID: 24548524 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Strength programs have been seen to be useful in minimizing the effects of sarcopenia, although intervention protocols may vary in their content and characteristics. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of a particular strength protocol for the elderly. MATERIAL ANS METHODS A total of 35 individuals took part in the study, with 18 in the exercise group (4 men and 14 women), and 17 in the control group (4 men and 13 women). The average age was 73. The exercise group carried out a strength training program at moderate to high intensity over 24 weeks. Strength was evaluated using the chair stand test, 2-minute step and 2 vertical jumps-squat jump (SJ), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Falls in both groups were also compared before and after the intervention, as well as their relationship with the chair stand variable. RESULTS A tendency towards improvement was observed in all tests, with the exception of CMJ; while the control group showed a tendency in the opposite direction. Contrast between the two groups at the end of the intervention was notable in all the tests. An inverse relationship between the chair stand strength variable and the number of falls was evident. CONCLUSIONS According to the results achieved, the training was perceived to exercise a positive influence on both the strength of the elderly people and a reduction of the number of falls. The gap between the two groups widened towards the end of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solà Serrabou
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física,Universidad de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España.
| | | | - Oliver Valero
- Servei d'Estadística Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, España
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Nightingale EJ, Pourkazemi F, Hiller CE. Systematic review of timed stair tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 51:335-50. [DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2013.06.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vogel T, Lang PO, Schmitt E, Kaltenbach G, Geny B. Bénéfices pour la santé de la pratique d’une activité physique chez le sujet âgé. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12612-013-0360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Capodaglio P, Cimolin V, Tacchini E, Precilios H, Brunani A. Effectiveness of in-patient rehabilitation in obesity-related orthopedic conditions. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:628-31. [PMID: 23511383 DOI: 10.3275/8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present paper is to provide initial evidence that in-patient multidisciplinary rehabilitation is effective in minimizing the obesity-related disability and enhancing functional capacities in obese patients with motor disability. SUBJECTS Four hundred and sixty-four obese patients with orthopedic conditions admitted to our Rehabilitation Unit for multidisciplinary rehabilitation were enrolled in this study. METHODS At admission and discharge (after 4 weeks), the following outcome measures were computed: body weight (BW) (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor and cognitive, Obesity-related disability test (TSD-OC), Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for functioning, Timed-Up-Go (TUG). Intensive rehabilitation addressed to obese patients with orthopedic conditions and motor difficulties consisted of a 4-week and 3-h daily multidisciplinary program covering nutritional, motor and psychological aspects. RESULTS All of the outcomes measured, except the FIM cognitive score, improved significantly after in-patient rehabilitation. The obesity-specific disability scale appears sensitive to changes among groups with different grades of disability and the percentage of change does not differ among groups. Younger obese individuals generally showed to benefit more from rehabilitation interventions than the older ones. CONCLUSIONS In-patient rehabilitation interventions appear effective in reducing both mild and severe disabilities related to obesity with orthopedic co-morbidities. This paper provides initial evidence that in-patient multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation is effective in minimizing the obesity-related disability and initial support to the indications of the Italian Ministry of Health for such rehabilitation pathway. The disability grading could help the decision making of allocating patients to appropriate rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Laboratory for Gait Analysis and Posture, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Amarante do Nascimento M, Borges Januário RS, Gerage AM, Mayhew JL, Cheche Pina FL, Cyrino ES. Familiarization and Reliability of One Repetition Maximum Strength Testing in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:1636-42. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182717318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effects of Fitness and Vibration Training on Muscle Quality: A 1-Year Postintervention Follow-Up in Older Men. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:910-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tikkanen P, Lönnroos E, Sipilä S, Nykänen I, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Effects of comprehensive health assessment and targeted intervention on chair rise capacity in active and inactive community-dwelling older people. Gerontology 2013; 59:324-7. [PMID: 23548990 DOI: 10.1159/000347197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being able to rise from a chair is an important daily life activity that requires sufficient lower extremity muscle power and postural control. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of an individually tailored intervention on the chair rise capacity of active and inactive community-dwelling older men and women. METHODS This study included a community-based sample of ≥75-year-olds who were randomized into intervention (n = 299) and control (n = 260) groups. The intervention started in 2004 and ended in December 2006; all the participants of the intervention group received individually targeted physical activity counseling annually and had an opportunity to participate in supervised strength and balance training once a week. Chair rise tests were conducted annually. The mixed model of linear regression was used for unadjusted measurements and age, and the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional comorbidity index adjusted comparisons of effects of the intervention. RESULTS The intervention improved the chair rise capacity in physically active women (adjusted mean difference -1.67 s, 95% confidence interval -3.21 to -0.13, p = 0.02). There was no improvement in inactive women or in men, regardless of their physical activity level. CONCLUSION Intervention showed a positive effect on the chair rise capacity of physically active community-dwelling older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Tikkanen
- Social and Health Services, City of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Bellet RN, Francis RL, Jacob JS, Healy KM, Bartlett HJ, Adams L, Morris NR. Timed Up and Go Tests in Cardiac Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2013; 33:99-105. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0b013e3182773fae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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LEENDERS MARIKA, VERDIJK LEXB, VAN DER HOEVEN LETTY, VAN KRANENBURG JANNEAU, NILWIK RACHEL, WODZIG WILLKWH, SENDEN JOANMG, KEIZER HANSA, VAN LOON LUCJC. Protein Supplementation during Resistance-Type Exercise Training in the Elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:542-52. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318272fcdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Precilios H, Brunani A, Cimolin V, Tacchini E, Donini LM, Fabris De Souza S, Capodaglio P. Measuring changes after multidisciplinary rehabilitation of obese individuals. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:72-7. [PMID: 22306619 DOI: 10.3275/8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, the Italian Society of Obesity developed the short-form questionnaire for Obesity-related Disabilities (TSD-OC). AIMS To stage the degree of disability in obese patients using TSD-OC; to verify its sensitivity to change after rehabilitation. SUBJECTS Three hundred and fifty-five adult obese individuals [body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2] undergoing rehabilitation. Exclusion criteria were severe cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, neurological and psychological conditions. Sensitivity to change of TSD-OC was evaluated in 194 patients out of the initial sample. METHODS To define the disability levels according to TSD-OC, the method of interquartile range was applied to the initial sample. The 194 in-patients were assessed with Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Visual Analogue Scale, and TSD-OC before (S0) and after 4 weeks (S1) of intensive (3 h daily) rehabilitation multidisciplinary program. Individuals were grouped according to age (1: age 30-59 yr; 2: age over 60 yr) and degree of obesity (BMI: A, 30-40 kg/m2; B, 40-50 kg/m2). RESULTS At S1, BMI and all the clinical scores improved significantly in the whole study sample. The younger individuals with higher level of obesity showed a higher functional improvement (-51.3%). In the older subjects, improvement was not statistically different when varying BMI (A2 -13.7% vs B2 -14.6%). In the whole group, the TSD-OC improvement was statistically greater than the physical FIM gain (-25.9% vs +5.4%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data evidenced that the TSD-OC is a sensitive measure of short-term changes in disability status of obese individuals after rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Precilios
- Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania-Piancavallo, Italy
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Solberg PA, Kvamme NH, Raastad T, Ommundsen Y, Tomten SE, Halvari H, Loland NW, Hallén J. Effects of different types of exercise on muscle mass, strength, function and well-being in elderly. Eur J Sport Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.617391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Leenders M, Verdijk LB, van der Hoeven L, van Kranenburg J, Nilwik R, van Loon LJC. Elderly Men and Women Benefit Equally From Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:769-79. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Association between Physical Functionality and Falls Risk in Community-Living Older Adults. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2012; 2012:864516. [PMID: 23304137 PMCID: PMC3529454 DOI: 10.1155/2012/864516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing-related declines in physiological attributes, such as muscle strength, can bring with them an increased risk of falls and subsequently greater risk of losing independence. These declines have substantial impact on an individual's functional ability. However, the precise relationship between falls risk and physical functionality has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to determine the association between falls risk and physical functionality using objective measures and to create an appropriate model to explain variance in falls risk. Thirty-two independently living adults aged 65–92 years completed the FallScreen, the Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance 10 (CS-PFP10) tests, and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The relationships between falls risk, physical functionality, and age were investigated using correlational and multiple hierarchical regression analyses. Overall, total physical functionality accounted for 24% of variance in an individual's falls risk while age explained a further 13%. The oldest-old age group had significantly greater falls risk and significantly lower physical functional performance. Mean scores for all measures showed that there were substantial (but not significant) differences between males and females. While increasing age is the strongest single predictor of increasing falls risk, poorer physical functionality was strongly, independently related to greater falls risk.
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Effect of different angles of knee flexion on leg extensor power in healthy individuals. Physiotherapy 2012; 98:357-60. [PMID: 23122435 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Busch JC, Lillou D, Wittig G, Bartsch P, Willemsen D, Oldridge N, Bjarnason-Wehrens B. Resistance and Balance Training Improves Functional Capacity in Very Old Participants Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Bypass Surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:2270-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Busch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Dorothea Lillou
- Rehabilitation; Schuechtermann Clinic; Bad Rothenfelde Germany
| | - Godehard Wittig
- Rehabilitation; Schuechtermann Clinic; Bad Rothenfelde Germany
| | - Petra Bartsch
- Rehabilitation; Schuechtermann Clinic; Bad Rothenfelde Germany
| | | | - Neil Oldridge
- School of Medicine and Public Health; University of Wisconsin; Milwaukee Wisconsin
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services; Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Pertille A, Macedo AB, Dibai Filho AV, Rêgo EM, Arrais LDDF, Negri JR, Teodori RM. Immediate effects of bilateral grade III mobilization of the talocrural joint on the balance of elderly women. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2012; 35:549-55. [PMID: 22902138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of a single treatment session of bilateral grade III mobilization of the talocrural joint on the balance of elderly women. METHODS Thirty-two elderly women (age, 65-80 years) with low physical activity levels completed balance evaluation using baropodometry, the Functional Reach Test and the Timed Up and Go Test, and plantar flexion and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), before and immediately after the mobilization (n = 16) or sham (n = 16). Each subject was submitted to a total of twelve 30-second grade III mobilizations, 6 for each ankle, in a single treatment session. RESULTS No significant difference was found for intragroup and intergroup comparisons in the balance of elderly women during the following evaluations: Functional Reach Test (P = .851), Timed Up and Go Test (P = .653), anteroposterior oscillation with eyes opened (P = .333) and with eyes closed (P = .652), and mediolateral oscillation with eyes opened (P = .486) and with eyes closed (P = .602). In addition, no significant difference was observed in right (P = .881) and left (P = .060) plantar flexion ROM and in right (P = .540) and left (P = .341) dorsiflexion ROM. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that a single session of bilateral grade III mobilization of the talocrural joint does not immediately improve balance and ROM in elderly women with low physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pertille
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Postgraduate Physical Therapy Program, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The effect of whole body vibration on balance, mobility and falls in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 2012; 72:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abizanda P, Navarro JL, García-Tomás MI, López-Jiménez E, Martínez-Sánchez E, Paterna G. Validity and usefulness of hand-held dynamometry for measuring muscle strength in community-dwelling older persons. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 54:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hand BD, Cavanaugh S, Forbes W, Govern J, Cress ME. Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life and Functional Fitness With Exercise Training in Older Adults Who Attend Senior Centers. ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2011.647530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Test-retest reliability of vertical ground reaction forces during stair climbing in the elderly population. Gait Posture 2011; 34:421-5. [PMID: 21764316 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) parameters during stair ascent and descent in the elderly. Forty-two elderly subjects (80.1 SD 6.4 years) were asked to perform three stair ascents and descents at their self-selected normal speed. VGRF were measured during two consecutive steps on an instrumented staircase. Force-time curves where then parameterized into force, force-time and time variables, according to a previously suggested protocol. In addition, force and force-time variables were normalized to body weight. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) type (2, 1) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated. Force variables showed moderate to good reliability for the normalized values with ICCs ranging from 0.537 to 0.836 and CVs between 2.52% and 6.51%. Variability of Fmax1 and Fmin appeared to be higher in stair descent with CVs of >5.20% as compared to stair ascent (<3.75%). Time variables showed good reliability in stair ascent but were clearly lower in stair descent (ICCs between 0.108 and 0.684 and CVs between 10.70% and 14.45%). Significant differences were found for the ICCs between the absolute and normalized values as well as for the ICCs of the time dependent and CVs of all variables between stair ascent and descent.It has been concluded that VGRF parameters can be used as a reliable measurement tool for the quantification of stair climbing in the elderly. The present data can be further used as reference values in future investigations.
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Capodaglio P, Cimolin V, Vismara L, Grugni G, Parisio C, Sibilia O, Galli M. Postural adaptations to long-term training in Prader-Willi patients. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2011; 8:26. [PMID: 21575153 PMCID: PMC3118181 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving balance and reducing risk of falls is a relevant issue in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). The present study aims to quantify the effect of a mixed training program on balance in patients with PWS. Methods Eleven adult PWS patients (mean age: 33.8 ± 4.3 years; mean BMI: 43.3 ± 5.9 Kg/m2) attended a 2-week training program including balance exercises during their hospital stay. At discharge, Group 1 (6 patients) continued the same exercises at home for 6 months, while Group 2 (5 patients) quitted the program. In both groups, a low-calorie, well-balanced diet of 1.200 kcal/day was advised. They were assessed at admission (PRE), after 2 weeks (POST1) and at 6-month (POST2). The assessment consisted of a clinical examination, video recording and 60-second postural evaluation on a force platform. Range of center of pressure (CoP) displacement in the antero-posterior direction (RANGEAP index) and the medio-lateral direction (RANGEML index) and its total trajectory length were computed. Results At POST1, no significant changes in all of the postural parameters were observed. At completion of the home program (POST2), the postural assessment did not reveal significant modifications. No changes in BMI were observed in PWS at POST2. Conclusions Our results showed that a long-term mixed, but predominantly home-based training on PWS individuals was not effective in improving balance capacity. Possible causes of the lack of effectiveness of our intervention include lack of training specificity, an inadequate dose of exercise, an underestimation of the neural and sensory component in planning rehabilitation exercise and failed body weight reduction during the training. Also, the physiology of balance instability in these patients may possibly compose a complex puzzle not affected by our exercise training, mainly targeting muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capodaglio
- Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Cadorna 90, I-28824, Piancavallo, Italy
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Stair-Ascent Performance in Elderly Women: Effect of Explosive Strength Training. J Aging Phys Act 2011; 19:117-36. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.19.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Explosive-type strength training may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women. This may improve functional ability. Nineteen women (69.7 ± 3.4 yr) were randomly allocated to strength training (TG; twice per wk, 12 wk) or a control group (CG). Stair ascent was assessed at self-chosen (AFV), standardized (ASV), and maximal velocity (AMV) pre- and posttraining. Ground-reaction force (GRF) and EMG quantified kinetics and neuromuscular activity. After training, TG increased AMV and AFV velocity by 8% (p= .02) and 17% (p= .007), respectively (TG vs.CG; p< .05). This was accompanied by elevated rectus femoris EMG (from 21% to 48%,p< .047). At AFV, TG increased GRF first peak force 4% (p= .047), and CG increased second peak force 5% (p= .036). Muscle coactivation remained unaltered in both groups. Explosive-type strength training led to enhanced stair-climbing performance at maximal and self-chosen speed, reflecting an improved functional ability.
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Leucine and citrulline modulate muscle function in malnourished aged rats. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1425-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Costa GDCD, Reis JG, Rosa RC, Ferreira CHJ, Volpon JB, Abreu DCCD. Equilíbrio estático, força do quadríceps e torque dos dorsiflexores do tornozelo em mulheres férteis e na pós-menopausa. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-51502010000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A menopausa é um período em que a mulher apresenta progressivas alterações em seu organismo. A perda de força muscular e do equilíbrio corporal são importantes exemplos dessas alterações. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio estático, a força de quadríceps e o torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo de mulheres no período fértil (n=20) e de mulheres na pós-menopausa (n = 45). MÉTODOS: Foram registrados o torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo e a força do quadríceps. O equilíbrio estático foi avaliado utilizando-se o sistema Polhemus. RESULTADOS: O grupo controle apresentou maior torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo e maior força de quadríceps comparado ao grupo pós-menopausa, porém o equilíbrio estático não apresentou diferença entre os grupos. No grupo controle, foi observada correlação somente entre a força de quadríceps com a condição plataforma fixa olhos fechados. No grupo de mulheres na pós-menopausa houve correlação entre torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo e equilíbrio estático nas condições plataforma fixa olhos abertos (r = 0,386; p = 0,008), plataforma fixa olhos fechados (r = 0,373; p = 0,01) e plataforma instável olhos abertos (r = 0,343; p = 0,02). Neste mesmo grupo também houve correlação entre força de quadríceps e equilíbrio estático na condição plataforma fixa olhos fechados (r = 0,315; p = 0,03). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a diminuição da força muscular após a menopausa parece estar relacionada ao hipoestrogenismo e que o torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo é um fator importante para a manutenção do equilíbrio estático nos primeiros anos da menopausa.
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