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Tong Q, Wang X, Sheng Y, Chen S, Lai B, Lv R, Yu J. Metabolic syndrome and its association with components of sarcopenia in older community-dwelling Chinese. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:120-126. [PMID: 35322797 PMCID: PMC9002157 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20210143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and obesity contribute to muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the cross-sectional associations between components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia in 251 older community-dwelling Chinese. The total fat-free mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength (handgrip strength) by a handheld dynamometer, physical performance by 4-meter walk, 5-time chair stand test, and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The participants with MetS had a higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and relative ASM (RASM). The males with MetS had higher handgrip strength, and the females with MetS had higher SPPB scores. After adjusting for age and body mass index, the participants with an increased waist circumference had a higher ASM, and those with increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) also had higher handgrip strength. The males with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels had a lower gait speed. Components of MetS, such as DPB and FBG, were associated with muscle strength and physical performance in older adults. These results suggest that muscle strength and function should be considered in treating older adults with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwei Tong
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bin Lai
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rong Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
- Rong Lv, Department of Geriatrics, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, 2666 Ludang Road, Wujiang District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China. Tel: +86-512-82881190, E-mail:
| | - Jing Yu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jing Yu, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Tel: +86-25-68305171, E-mail:
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Tanaka H, Tarumi T, Rittweger J. Aging and Physiological Lessons from Master Athletes. Compr Physiol 2019; 10:261-296. [PMID: 31853968 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary aging is often characterized by physical dysfunction and chronic degenerative diseases. In contrast, masters athletes demonstrate markedly greater physiological function and more favorable levels of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction than their sedentary counterparts. In many cases, age-related deteriorations of physiological functions as well as elevations in risk factors that are typically observed in sedentary adults are substantially attenuated or even absent in masters athletes. Older masters athletes possess greater functional capacity at any given age than their sedentary peers. Impressive profiles of older athletes provide insight into what is possible in human aging and place aging back into the domain of "physiology" rather than under the jurisdiction of "clinical medicine." In addition, these exceptional aging athletes can serve as a role model for the promotion of physical activity at all ages. The study of masters athletes has provided useful insight into the positive example of successful aging. To further establish and propagate masters athletics as a role model for our aging society, future research and action are needed. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:261-296, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Mercier J, Tang A, Morin M, Khalifé S, Lemieux MC, Reichetzer B, Dumoulin C. Test-retest reliability of clitoral blood flow measurements using color Doppler ultrasonography at rest and after a pelvic floor contraction task in healthy adult women. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:2249-2256. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanie Mercier
- School of Rehabilitation; Faculty of Medicine; University of Montreal; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology; Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medecine; Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Mélanie Morin
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Rehabilitation; University of Sherbrooke; Research Centre of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Samir Khalifé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Lemieux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital; Montreal Canada
| | - Barbara Reichetzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Chantale Dumoulin
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Rehabilitation; University of Montreal; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal; Montreal Canada
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Mercier J, Tang A, Morin M, Lemieux MC, Khalifé S, Reichetzer B, Dumoulin C. Test–retest reliability of internal pudendal artery blood flow using color Doppler ultrasound in healthy women. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29:1817-1824. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-018-3615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Buzza G, Lovell GP, Askew CD, Kerhervé H, Solomon C. The Effect of Short and Long Term Endurance Training on Systemic, and Muscle and Prefrontal Cortex Tissue Oxygen Utilisation in 40 - 60 Year Old Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165433. [PMID: 27832088 PMCID: PMC5104477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aerobic endurance training (ET) increases systemic and peripheral oxygen utilisation over time, the adaptation pattern not being linear. However, the timing and mechanisms of changes in oxygen utilisation, associated with training beyond one year are not known. This study tested the hypothesis that in women aged 40–60 years performing the same current training load; systemic O2 utilisation (VO2) and tissue deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) in the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Gastrocnemius (GAST) would be higher in long term trained (LTT; > 5 yr) compared to a short term trained (STT; 6–24 months) participants during ramp incremental (RI) cycling, but similar during square-wave constant load (SWCL) cycling performed at the same relative intensity (below ventilatory turn point [VTP]); and that pre-frontal cortex (PFC) HHb would be similar between participant groups in both exercise conditions. Methods Thirteen STT and 13 LTT participants performed RI and SWCL conditions on separate days. VO2, and VL, GAST, and PFC HHb were measured simultaneously. Results VO2peak was higher in LTT compared to STT, and VO2 was higher in LTT at each relative intensities of 25%, 80% and 90% of VTP in SWCL. HHb in the VL was significantly higher in LTT compared to STT at peak exercise (4.54 ± 3.82 vs 1.55 ± 2.33 μM), and at 25% (0.99 ± 1.43 vs 0.04 ± 0.96 μM), 80% (3.19 ± 2.93 vs 1.14 ± 1.82 μM) and 90% (4.62 ± 3.12 vs 2.07 ± 2.49 μM) of VTP in SWCL. Conclusions The additional (12.9 ± 9.3) years of ET in LTT, resulted in higher VO2, and HHb in the VL at peak exercise, and sub—VTP exercise. These results indicate that in women 40–60 years old, systemic and muscle O2 utilisation continues to improve with ET beyond two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Buzza
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoff P. Lovell
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Christopher D. Askew
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Hugo Kerhervé
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Colin Solomon
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
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Roman MA, Rossiter HB, Casaburi R. Exercise, ageing and the lung. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:1471-1486. [PMID: 27799391 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00347-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a pulmonary-focused description of the age-associated changes in the integrative physiology of exercise, including how declining lung function plays a role in promoting multimorbidity in the elderly through limitation of physical function. We outline the ageing of physiological systems supporting endurance activity: 1) coupling of muscle metabolism to mechanical power output; 2) gas transport between muscle capillary and mitochondria; 3) matching of muscle blood flow to its requirement; 4) oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood; 5) cardiac output; 6) pulmonary vascular function; 7) pulmonary oxygen transport; 8) control of ventilation; and 9) pulmonary mechanics and respiratory muscle function. Deterioration in function occurs in many of these systems in healthy ageing. Between the ages of 25 and 80 years pulmonary function and aerobic capacity each decline by ∼40%. While the predominant factor limiting exercise in the elderly likely resides within the function of the muscles of ambulation, muscle function is (at least partially) rescued by exercise training. The age-associated decline in pulmonary function, however, is not recovered by training. Thus, loss in pulmonary function may lead to ventilatory limitation in exercise in the active elderly, limiting the ability to accrue the health benefits of physical activity into senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Roman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rockyview Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
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Li Z, Baker WB, Parthasarathy AB, Ko TS, Wang D, Schenkel S, Durduran T, Li G, Yodh AG. Calibration of diffuse correlation spectroscopy blood flow index with venous-occlusion diffuse optical spectroscopy in skeletal muscle. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:125005. [PMID: 26720870 PMCID: PMC4688416 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.125005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate and assess the utility of a simple scheme for continuous absolute blood flow monitoring based on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). The scheme calibrates DCS using venous-occlusion diffuse optical spectroscopy (VO-DOS) measurements of arm muscle tissue at a single time-point. A calibration coefficient (γ) for the arm is determined, permitting conversion of DCS blood flow indices to absolute blood flow units, and a study of healthy adults (N=10) is carried out to ascertain the variability of γ. The average DCS calibration coefficient for the right (i.e., dominant) arm was γ=(1.24±0.15)×10(8) (mL·100 mL(−1)·min(−1))/(cm(2)/s). However, variability can be significant and is apparent in our site-to-site and day-to-day repeated measurements. The peak hyperemic blood flow overshoot relative to baseline resting flow was also studied following arm-cuff ischemia; excellent agreement between VO-DOS and DCS was found (R(2)=0.95, slope=0.94±0.07, mean difference=−0.10±0.45). Finally, we show that incorporation of subject-specific absolute optical properties significantly improves blood flow calibration accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Tianjin University, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin University, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
- Address all correspondence to: Zhe Li, E-mail:
| | - Wesley B. Baker
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ashwin B. Parthasarathy
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tiffany S. Ko
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Detian Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute of Fluid Physics, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Steven Schenkel
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gang Li
- Tianjin University, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin University, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Ives SJ, Fadel PJ, Brothers RM, Sander M, Wray DW. Exploring the vascular smooth muscle receptor landscape in vivo: ultrasound Doppler versus near-infrared spectroscopy assessments. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H771-6. [PMID: 24414068 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00782.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound Doppler and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are routinely used for noninvasive monitoring of peripheral hemodynamics in both clinical and experimental settings. However, the comparative ability of these methodologies to detect changes in microvascular and whole limb hemodynamics during pharmacological manipulation of vascular smooth muscle receptors located at varied locations within the arterial tree is unknown. Thus, in 10 healthy subjects (25 ± 2 yr), changes in resting leg blood flow (ultrasound Doppler; femoral artery) and muscle oxygenation (oxyhemoglobin + oxymyoglobin; vastus lateralis) were simultaneously evaluated in response to intra-arterial infusions of phenylephrine (PE, 0.025-0.8 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)), BHT-933 (2.5-40 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)), and angiotensin II (ANG II, 0.5-8 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)). All drugs elicited significant dose-dependent reductions in leg blood flow and oxyhemoglobin + oxymyoglobin. Significant relationships were found between ultrasound Doppler and NIRS changes across doses of PE (r(2) = 0.37 ± 0.08), BHT-933 (r(2) = 0.74 ± 0.06), and ANG II (r(2) = 0.68 ± 0.13), with the strongest relationships evident with agonists for receptors located preferentially "downstream" in the leg microcirculation (BHT-933 and ANG II). Analyses of drug potency revealed similar EC50 between ultrasound Doppler and NIRS measurements for PE (0.06 ± 0.02 vs. 0.10 ± 0.01), BHT-933 (5.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.5 ± 1.3), and ANG II (1.4 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3). These data provide evidence that both ultrasound Doppler and NIRS track pharmacologically induced changes in peripheral hemodynamics and are equally capable of determining drug potency. However, considerable disparity was observed between agonist infusions targeting different levels of the arterial tree, suggesting that receptor landscape is an important consideration for proper interpretation of hemodynamic monitoring with these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Lin TY, Lin LL, Ho TC, Chen JJJ. Investigating the adaptation of muscle oxygenation to resistance training for elders and young men using near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:187-96. [PMID: 24189687 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in resistance training adaptation on muscle oxygenation between young and elderly subjects. Groups of eleven trained young, untrained young, trained elderly, and untrained elderly (UTE) were recruited. METHODS Muscle oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle during 20 % maximal voluntary isometric contraction was observed using near-infrared spectroscopy. The oxygen saturation (SpO2) kinetics in the contraction and recovery phases was modeled with a tangential model to extract ΔSpO2 and inflection time (IF). The median frequencies of SpO2 data representing the change of tissue oxygenation oscillation were compared. RESULTS The ΔSpO2 values for the trained groups (12.00 ± 7.86%) were significantly higher than those for the untrained groups (5.91 ± 4.36%, P < 0.05), and those for the young groups (11.63 ± 7.52%) were significantly higher than those for the older groups (6.29 ± 4.70%, P < 0.05). In the recovery phase, the IF was significantly longer for the elderly groups (10.32 ± 4.39 s, P < 0.05) than that for the young groups (6.31 ± 3.69 s). The median frequency of tissue oxygenation oscillation was significantly lower for the TE group (0.41 ± 0.12 Hz, P < 0.05) than that for the UTE group (0.57 ± 0.13 Hz). CONCLUSIONS The increased ΔSpO2 in trained groups during muscle contraction may be due to lower microvascular O2 pressure. The lower median frequency for the TE group indicates that tissue oxygenation oscillation significantly trended toward low-frequency oscillation, possibly resulting from the enhancement of vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-You Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No 1. Ta-Hsueh Rd, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Laughlin MH, Davis MJ, Secher NH, van Lieshout JJ, Arce-Esquivel AA, Simmons GH, Bender SB, Padilla J, Bache RJ, Merkus D, Duncker DJ. Peripheral circulation. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:321-447. [PMID: 23728977 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow (BF) increases with increasing exercise intensity in skeletal, respiratory, and cardiac muscle. In humans during maximal exercise intensities, 85% to 90% of total cardiac output is distributed to skeletal and cardiac muscle. During exercise BF increases modestly and heterogeneously to brain and decreases in gastrointestinal, reproductive, and renal tissues and shows little to no change in skin. If the duration of exercise is sufficient to increase body/core temperature, skin BF is also increased in humans. Because blood pressure changes little during exercise, changes in distribution of BF with incremental exercise result from changes in vascular conductance. These changes in distribution of BF throughout the body contribute to decreases in mixed venous oxygen content, serve to supply adequate oxygen to the active skeletal muscles, and support metabolism of other tissues while maintaining homeostasis. This review discusses the response of the peripheral circulation of humans to acute and chronic dynamic exercise and mechanisms responsible for these responses. This is accomplished in the context of leading the reader on a tour through the peripheral circulation during dynamic exercise. During this tour, we consider what is known about how each vascular bed controls BF during exercise and how these control mechanisms are modified by chronic physical activity/exercise training. The tour ends by comparing responses of the systemic circulation to those of the pulmonary circulation relative to the effects of exercise on the regional distribution of BF and mechanisms responsible for control of resistance/conductance in the systemic and pulmonary circulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Moore DJ, Gonzales JU, Tucker SH, Elavsky S, Proctor DN. Exercise-induced vasodilation is associated with menopause stage in healthy middle-aged women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:418-24. [PMID: 22486379 DOI: 10.1139/h2012-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leg exercise hemodynamics during single-leg knee extensions were compared among healthy groups of early perimenopausal (n = 15), late perimenopausal (n = 12), and early postmenopausal (n = 11) women. Femoral blood flow (FBF) and vascular conductance (FVC) at rest and during very light work rates (0 and 5 W) were similar among all three menopause stage groups. Vascular responses at 10 W (FBF) and 20 W (FBF and FVC) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in early perimenopausal compared with late perimenopausal women. At 15 and 25 W, FBF and FVC were similar between late perimenopausal and early postmenopausal groups but higher (P < 0.05) in early perimenopausal women as compared with the other two menopausal groups. In the combined sample of all three menopause stage groups, follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly correlated with vascular conductance during submaximal (15 W) exercise (R = -0.56, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, fitness, LDL cholesterol, and abdominal fat (R = -0.46, P = 0.005). Collectively, these findings suggest that in middle-aged women, there is an association between menopause stage and leg vascular responsiveness during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Moore
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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12
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Taekema DG, Maier AB, Westendorp RGJ, Craen AJMD. Higher blood pressure is associated with higher handgrip strength in the oldest old. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:83-9. [PMID: 20814409 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with progressive loss of muscle strength. Muscle tissue is vascularized by an elaborate vascular network. There is evidence that blood pressure (BP) is associated with muscle function in middle age. It is unknown how BP associates with muscle function in oldest old people. We studied the association between BP and handgrip strength in middle and old age. METHOD BP was measured automatically in middle-aged subjects and with a mercury sphygmomanometer in the oldest old. Handgrip strength was measured with a handgrip strength dynamometer. Cross-sectional measurements of handgrip strength and BP were available for 670 middle-aged subjects (mean 63.2 ± 6.6 years) and 550 oldest old subjects (all 85 years). Prospective data were available for oldest old subjects only with a 4-year follow-up at 89 years. The association between BP and handgrip strength was analyzed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS In middle-aged subjects, BP and handgrip strength were not statistically significantly associated. In oldest old subjects, higher systolic BP (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) were associated with higher handgrip strength after adjusting for comorbidity and medication use (all P < 0.02). Furthermore, in oldest old subjects, changes in SBP, MAP, and PP after 4 years was associated with declining handgrip strength (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In oldest old, higher BP is associated with better muscle strength. Further study is necessary to investigate whether BP is a potential modifiable risk factor for prevention of age-associated decline in muscle strength.
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Stathokostas L, Kowalchuk JM, Petrella RJ, Paterson DH. Moderate and heavy oxygen uptake kinetics in postmenopausal women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34:1065-72. [DOI: 10.1139/h09-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), compared with those using HRT, may reduce submaximal blood flow during exercise and result in an oxygen delivery limitation constraining oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics. The adaptation of pulmonary VO2 (VO2p) during the transition to exercise in older women was examined in this study. Thirty-one healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, 61 ± 6 years), 15 not using HRT and 16 using HRT, performed repeated exercise transitions (6 min) on a cycle, to work rates corresponding to 80% of estimated ventilatory threshold (moderate-intensity exercise) and to Δ50 (heavy-intensity exercise). There was no difference in moderate-intensity τVO2p between non-HRT (40 ± 9 s) and HRT (41 ± 9 s) women. Similarly, there was no difference in heavy-intensity τVO2p between non-HRT (44 ± 8 s) and HRT (45 ± 8 s) women. Thus, HRT did not affect the slowing of VO2 kinetics of older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Stathokostas
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M3, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John M. Kowalchuk
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M3, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert J. Petrella
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M3, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Donald H. Paterson
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M3, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Casey DP, Curry TB, Joyner MJ. Measuring muscle blood flow: a key link between systemic and regional metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11:580-6. [PMID: 18685453 PMCID: PMC3462349 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32830b5b34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a brief overview of the main techniques to measure muscle blood flow in humans and highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses associated with each technique. RECENT FINDINGS Peak muscle blood flow values of 300 ml/min per 100 g are possible in humans during heavy exercise performed with small muscle mass. This value is far higher than that which appears in most textbooks. Accurate and reliable techniques are therefore essential in measuring muscle blood flow. Current invasive techniques commonly used include indicator dilution (thermodilution and dye dilution) and radiolabel tracer washout (e.g. 133Xe washout) methods. Although invasive techniques have provided valuable insight into tissue blood flow, noninvasive techniques such as venous occlusion plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound are frequently used and provide accurate measurements of blood flow. Newer imaging techniques (MRI, positron emission tomography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography) promise increased resolution of measurements of local blood flow, including in discrete tissues in which more classical techniques are not able to be used. SUMMARY Muscle blood flow is a key link in the interplay and regulation of systemic and local muscle metabolism. Recognizing the advantages and limitations of each technique is essential to translational researchers studying the effects of nutrition and metabolism on muscle blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren P Casey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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