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Jakimovski D, Topolski M, Kimura K, Marr K, Gandhi S, Ramasamy DP, Bergsland N, Hagemeier J, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R. Abnormal venous postural control: multiple sclerosis-specific change related to gray matter pathology or age-related neurodegenerative phenomena? Clin Auton Res 2018; 29:329-338. [PMID: 30120624 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-018-0555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic nervous system dysfunction has been previously observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between magnetic resonance imaging-detected neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology and postural venous flow changes indicative of autonomic nervous system function. METHODS We used a standardized 3T magnetic resonance imaging protocol to scan 138 patients with MS and 49 healthy controls. Lesion volume and brain volumes were assessed. The cerebral venous flow (CVF) was examined by color-Doppler sonography in supine and upright positions and the difference was calculated as ΔCVF. Based on ΔCVF, subjects were split into absolute or quartile groups. Student's t test, χ2-test, and analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex were used accordingly. Benjamini-Hochberg procedure corrected the p-values for multiple comparisons. RESULTS No differences were found between healthy controls and patients with MS in both supine and upright Doppler-derived CVF, nor in prevalence of abnormal postural venous control. Patients with absolute negative ΔCVF had higher disability scores (p = 0.013), lower gray matter (p = 0.039) and cortical (p = 0.044) volumes. The negative ΔCVF MS group also showed numerically worse bladder/bowel function when compared to the positive ΔCVF (2.3 vs. 1.5, p = 0.052). Similarly, the lowest quartile ΔCVF MS group had higher T1-lesion volumes (p = 0.033), T2-lesion volumes (p = 0.032), and lower deep gray matter (p = 0.043) and thalamus (p = 0.033) volumes when compared to those with higher ΔCVF quartiles. CONCLUSION No difference in postural venous outflow between patients with MS and healthy controls was found. However, when the abnormal ΔCVF is present within the MS population, it may be associated with more inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology. Further studies should explore whether the orthostatic venous changes are an aging or an MS-related phenomenon and if the etiology is due to impaired autonomic nervous system functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Matthew Topolski
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Kana Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Karen Marr
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Sirin Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Deepa P Ramasamy
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Jesper Hagemeier
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs MS Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 142013, USA. .,Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Zhang JH, Obenaus A, Liebeskind DS, Tang J, Hartman R, Pearce WJ. Recanalization, reperfusion, and recirculation in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3818-3823. [PMID: 28925323 PMCID: PMC5718333 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recirculation, from arterial inflow routes through venous outflow pathways, was conceptualized in stroke research 50 years ago. As new technologies were developed, blocked arteries could be reopened, capillaries could be reperfused, and the use of recanalization and reperfusion grew to dominate therapeutic strategies. These approaches overwhelmingly focused on restoration of arterial and capillary inflow, but not on veins even though venous disorders may initiate or exacerbate brain injury. In this commentary, we advance the term "recirculation" after "recanalization" and "reperfusion" as a primary concept of stroke pathophysiology that targets the restoration of both the arterial and venous cerebral circulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Zhang
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Research, 4608 Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Research, 4608 Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David S Liebeskind
- 2 Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Department of Neurology, UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Research, 4608 Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard Hartman
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Research, 4608 Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - William J Pearce
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Research, 4608 Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Sato K, Oba N, Washio T, Sasaki H, Oue A, Otsuki A, Sadamoto T, Ogoh S. Relationship between cerebral arterial inflow and venous outflow during dynamic supine exercise. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/12/e13292. [PMID: 28663325 PMCID: PMC5492200 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cerebral venous outflow during exercise has not been studied systematically. To identify relations between cerebral arterial inflow and venous outflow, we assessed the blood flow (BF) of the cerebral arteries (internal carotid artery: ICA and vertebral artery: VA) and veins (internal jugular vein: IJV and vertebral vein: VV) during dynamic exercise using ultrasonography. Nine subjects performed a cycling exercise in supine position at a light and moderate workload. Similar to the ICA BF, the IJV BF increased from baseline during light exercise (P < 0.05). However, the IJV BF decreased below baseline levels during moderate exercise, whereas the ICA BF returned near resting levels. In contrast, BF of the VA and VV increased with the workload (P < 0.05). The change in the ICA or VA BF from baseline to exercise was significantly correlated with the change in the IJV (r = 0.73, P = 0.001) or VV BF (r = 0.52, P = 0.028), respectively. These findings suggest that dynamic supine exercise modifies the cerebral venous outflow, and there is coupling between regulations of arterial inflow and venous outflow in both anterior and posterior cerebral circulation. However, it remains unclear whether changes in cerebral venous outflow influence on the regulation of cerebral arterial inflow during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sato
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Oba
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Anna Oue
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Aki Otsuki
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sadamoto
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
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Williams H. A unifying hypothesis for hydrocephalus and the Chiari malformations part two: The hydrocephalus filling mechanism. Med Hypotheses 2016; 94:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Perry BG, Mündel T, Cochrane DJ, Cotter JD, Lucas SJE. The cerebrovascular response to graded Valsalva maneuvers while standing. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00233. [PMID: 24744902 PMCID: PMC3966248 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Valsalva maneuver (VM) produces large and abrupt increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the onset of strain (Phase I), however, hypotension, sufficient to induce syncope, occurs upon VM release (phase III). We examined the effect of VM intensity and duration on middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) responses. Healthy men (n =10; mean ± SD: 26 ± 4 years) completed 30%, 60%, and 90% of their maximal VM mouth pressure, for 5 and 10 sec (order randomized) while standing. Beat‐to‐beat MCAv and MAP during phase I (peak), at nadir (phase III), and recovery are reported as the change from standing baseline. During phase I, MCAv rose 15 ± 6 cm·s−1 (P <0.001), which was not reliably different between intensities (P =0.11), despite graded increases in MAP (P <0.001; e.g., +12 ± 9 mmHg vs. +35 ± 14 for 5 sec 30% and 90% VM, respectively). During Phase III, the MCAv response was duration‐ (P = 0.045) and intensity dependent (P < 0.001), with the largest decrease observed following the 90% VM (e.g., −19 ± 13 and −15 ± 11 cm·s−1 for 5 and 10 sec VM, respectively) with a concomitant decrease in MAP (P <0.001, −23 ± 11 and −23 ± 9 mmHg). This asymmetric response may be attributable to the differential modulators of MCAv throughout the VM. The mechanical effects of the elevated intrathoracic pressure during phase I may restrain increases in cerebral perfusion via related increases in intracranial pressure; however, during phase III the decrease in MCAv arises from an abrupt hypotension, the extent of which is dependent upon both the duration and intensity of the VM. More intense Valsalva maneuvers when standing are associated with an increase blood pressure response during Phase I of the maneuver although this is not accompanied by changes in cerebral blood flow. However, following the maneuver (phase III) more intense straining is associated with a greater decrease in both blood pressure and cerebral blood flow and in some instances is sufficient to induce syncope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake G Perry
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Darryl J Cochrane
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ; Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ivanov AY, Petrov AE, Vershinina EA, Galagudza MM, Vlasov TD. Evidence of active regulation of cerebral venous tone in individuals undergoing embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1666-71. [PMID: 24114702 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00951.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral venous drainage is generally believed to be regulated primarily by hydrodynamic forces. To gain further insight into the regulation of this process, we investigated the response of blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) to local hemodynamic shifts. All procedures and assessments were performed on patients (n = 30) undergoing embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The procedure efficiency was verified by the postembolization reduction in time-averaged maximum blood flow velocities, as well as the elevation of pulsatility index and resistance index in the arterial feeders. In cerebral veins, the dominant IJV pressure remained unchanged during the procedure. At the same time, AVM embolization caused a significant reduction in maximal CSA (84 ± 7.6 to 68 ± 7.7 mm(2), P < 0.05) and minimal CSA (68 ± 7.0 to 51 ± 7.0 mm(2), P < 0.01) of the IJV located ipsilateral to the AVM, while the maximal linear blood flow velocity in the IJV remained unchanged (71 ± 4.9 and 85 ± 8.4 cm/s, P = 0.098). Consistent with previously published studies, the data obtained provide further evidence of active regulation of the venous outflow, probably mediated by certain neurogenic and/or endothelium-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Ivanov
- Division of Vascular Surgery, A. L. Polenov Research Institute of Neurosurgery, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Lochner P, Nedelmann M, Kaps M, Stolz E. Jugular Valve Incompetence in Transient Global Amnesia. A Problem Revisited. J Neuroimaging 2013; 24:479-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology; Justus-Liebig University; Giessen Germany
- Department of Neurology; Krankenhaus Meran; Meran Italy
| | - Max Nedelmann
- Department of Neurology; Justus-Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Manfred Kaps
- Department of Neurology; Justus-Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Erwin Stolz
- Department of Neurology; Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken; Saarbruecken Germany
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Cerebral vascular control is associated with skeletal muscle pH in chronic fatigue syndrome patients both at rest and during dynamic stimulation. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2013; 2:168-73. [PMID: 24179772 PMCID: PMC3777833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is maintained despite changing systemic blood pressure through cerebral vascular control, with such tight regulation believed to be under local tissue control. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) associates with a wide range of symptoms, including orthostatic intolerance, skeletal muscle pH abnormalities and cognitive impairment. CFS patients are known to have reduced CBF and orthostatic intolerance associates with abnormal vascular regulation, while skeletal muscle pH abnormalities associate with autonomic dysfunction. These findings point to autonomic dysfunction as the central feature of CFS, and cerebral vascular control being influenced by factors outside of the brain, a macroscopic force affecting the stability of regional regulation. We therefore explored whether there was a physiological link between cerebral vascular control and skeletal muscle pH management in CFS. Seventeen consecutive CFS patients fulfilling the Fukuda criteria were recruited from our local CFS clinical service. To probe the static scenario, CBF and skeletal muscle pH were measured at rest using MRI and (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS). To examine dynamic control, brain functional MRI was performed concurrently with Valsalva manoeuvre (VM), a standard autonomic function challenge, while (31)P-MRS was performed during plantar flexion exercise. Significant inverse correlation was seen between CBF and skeletal muscle pH at rest (r = - 0.67, p < 0.01). Prolonged cerebral vascular constriction during the sympathetic phase of VM was associated with higher pH in skeletal muscle after plantar flexion exercise (r = 0.69, p < 0.008). In conclusion, cerebral vascular control is closely related to skeletal muscle pH both at rest and after dynamic stimulation in CFS.
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Baracchini C, Tonello S, Farina F, Viaro F, Atzori M, Ballotta E, Manara R. Jugular Veins in Transient Global Amnesia. Stroke 2012; 43:2289-92. [PMID: 22811457 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.654087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Baracchini
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Simone Tonello
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Filippo Farina
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Federica Viaro
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Matteo Atzori
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Enzo Ballotta
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Renzo Manara
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (C.B., F.F., F.V., M.A., R.M.); the Division of Neurology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy (S.T.); and the Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy (E.B.)
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